Open TBM and launching method

Abstract

An open-type TBM includes a TBM main unit and supporting equipment. The TBM main unit includes a cutterhead, a front shield, a tensioning shield, and propulsion devices. The cutterhead is located at the front of the front shield. The front shield is connected to the tensioning shield via two sets of vertically symmetrically arranged propulsion devices and two sets of horizontally symmetrically arranged propulsion devices. The four sets of propulsion devices are connected in series along the circumference of the front shield. Each set of propulsion devices includes two propulsion cylinders, arranged in a V-shape with their front ends close to each other and their rear ends far apart. The tensioning shield has support shoes on its side for tensioning the rock wall. The supporting equipment includes a trailer and an advance drilling bridge. The front of the advance drilling bridge is connected to the rear of the trailer. The trailer is connected to the bottom of the tensioning shield via a towing cylinder. The trailer is equipped with a rear-support belt conveyor, an arch frame installer, and a bolt drilling rig, arranged sequentially from front to back. The advance drilling bridge is equipped with a shotcrete system and an advance drilling rig, arranged sequentially from front to back. This design can adapt to widening excavation conditions and small turning radius starting requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to an open-type TBM and its launching method, which is particularly applicable to the secondary excavation of the cross-section of a mining tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most mining tunnel construction uses the traditional drill-and-blast method, which is inefficient, unsafe, and causes significant environmental damage. Therefore, an increasing number of projects are adopting single-shield TBMs, double-shield TBMs, and open-face TBMs. Some areas even mandate the use of TBMs from the outset, allowing the tunnel to be formed in one go without the need for overburden excavation or special paving equipment. However, when a tunnel has already been excavated to a certain length using mining methods, the resulting tunnel has three different cross-sections, each with varying degrees of over- and under-excavation. In such cases, requiring overburden excavation would create significant difficulties for equipment paving and launching.

[0003] Furthermore, in certain special geological conditions, such as when the excavation project area is mostly Class II or III surrounding rock with high rock hardness reaching up to 200 MPa, and the presence of water bodies and woodlands nearby, the unstable surrounding rock will place extremely stringent requirements on the equipment for the excavation operation. This means that the excavation must proceed at a faster pace while preventing jamming and ensuring reliable support. Additionally, in other special situations, such as when the construction site is limited and the equipment faces a small turning radius starting step, it can affect the muck removal of the conveyor belt and the movement of the trailer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem that existing TBM equipment is difficult to start with a small turning radius and perform enlargement operations on excavated tunnels under geological conditions of Class II and III surrounding rock and unstable surrounding rock. The invention provides an open-type TBM, which can meet the requirements of step-by-step excavation, enlargement, and small turning radius start-up, adapt to Class II and III surrounding rock excavation, and also has functions such as shotcrete and anchor support for secondary enlargement of tunnel sections in mining methods.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] The open-type TBM includes the TBM main unit and supporting equipment.

[0007] The TBM main unit includes a cutterhead, a front shield, a tensioning shield, and a propulsion device. The cutterhead is located at the front of the front shield. The rear of the front shield is connected to the front of the tensioning shield through two sets of vertically symmetrically arranged propulsion devices and two sets of horizontally symmetrically arranged propulsion devices. The four sets of propulsion devices are connected in series along the circumference of the front shield. Each set of propulsion devices includes two propulsion cylinders. The two propulsion cylinders in the same set are arranged in a V-shape with their front ends close to each other and their rear ends far apart. The side of the tensioning shield is provided with support shoes for tensioning the rock wall.

[0008] The supporting equipment includes a G1 trailer and an advanced drilling rig bridge. The front of the advanced drilling rig bridge is connected to the rear of the G1 trailer. The G1 trailer is connected to the bottom of the tensioning shield via a towing cylinder. The G1 trailer is equipped with a rear supporting conveyor belt, an arch frame installer, and an anchor drilling rig in sequence from front to back. The front end of the rear supporting conveyor belt overlaps with the rear end of the main machine conveyor belt installed inside the TBM main machine. The advanced drilling rig bridge is equipped with a jet mixing device and an advanced drilling rig in sequence from front to back.

[0009] The front shield is provided with a front shield guard plate at the rear. The front part of the front shield guard plate covers the top of the front shield. The front shield guard plate is a guard plate with an arc-shaped cross section set along the outer edge of the front shield. The central angle corresponding to the front shield guard plate is 180°. The rear part of the front shield guard plate partially overlaps with the front part of the supporting shield front guard plate. The supporting shield front guard plate is located inside the front shield guard plate. The supporting shield front guard plate is a guard plate with an arc-shaped cross section set along the outer edge of the supporting shield. The central angle corresponding to the supporting shield front guard plate is the same as the central angle corresponding to the front shield guard plate. The rear part of the supporting shield front guard plate is connected to the front part of the supporting shield.

[0010] The rear of the front shield is connected to the front of the front shield mudguard. The front shield mudguard is located at the bottom of the front shield and is a protective plate with an arc-shaped cross-section along the outer edge of the front shield. The central angle corresponding to the front shield mudguard is 119°±17°. The rear of the front shield mudguard partially overlaps with the front of the supporting shield mudguard. The supporting shield mudguard is located inside the front shield mudguard and is a protective plate with an arc-shaped cross-section along the outer edge of the supporting shield. The central angle corresponding to the supporting shield mudguard is the same as the central angle corresponding to the front shield mudguard. The rear of the supporting shield mudguard is connected to the front of the supporting shield.

[0011] A rear guard plate is provided behind the support shield. The front part of the rear guard plate is connected to the top of the support shield. The rear guard plate is a guard plate with an arc-shaped cross section set along the outer edge of the support shield. The central angle corresponding to the rear guard plate is 120°. The rear part of the rear guard plate is located near the arch frame installer.

[0012] Two front shield stabilizers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear end face of the front shield. The two front shield stabilizers are located near the top of the front shield. The front shield stabilizer includes a stabilizer cylinder, a stabilizer shoe plate, and a stabilizer guide block. The stabilizer shoe plate is a rectangular structure. The outer side of the stabilizer shoe plate is used to contact the rock wall to provide support for the front shield. The inner side of the stabilizer shoe plate is connected to one end of the stabilizer cylinder. The other end of the stabilizer cylinder is connected to the front shield. Stabilizer guide blocks are fixedly arranged on both sides of the stabilizer shoe plate. The side of the stabilizer guide block away from the stabilizer shoe plate slides in the radial direction of the front shield with a guide support. The guide support is fixedly arranged at the rear of the front shield.

[0013] The top two sides of the tension shield are symmetrically provided with tension shield stabilizers, which are located near the front of the tension shield.

[0014] The G1 trailer is fixedly equipped with a sliding frame, a translation guide column, and a translation cylinder. The translation cylinder is used to drive the sliding frame to slide along the translation guide column. The sliding frame is equipped with an arch frame installer and an anchor drilling rig from front to back. The sliding frame slides in cooperation with the translation guide column, which is arranged in the front-back direction.

[0015] The G1 trailer is also equipped with an electrical control system and a water vapor system. The electrical control system is used to control the sliding of the sliding frame and the movement of the arch frame installer and the anchor drilling rig. The water vapor system is used to cool, lubricate and flush the drill bit of the anchor drilling rig when it is performing drilling operations.

[0016] The arch frame installer includes a base, a middle telescopic arm, a left telescopic arm, and a right telescopic arm. The bottom of the base is fixed to the sliding frame, and the top of the base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the middle telescopic arm. Buffer pads are provided on both the left and right sides of the middle telescopic arm. The top of the middle telescopic arm is hinged to the top of the middle telescopic arm cylinder, and the bottom of the middle telescopic arm cylinder is hinged to the bottom of the middle telescopic arm.

[0017] One side of the base is hinged to the bottom end of the left telescopic arm. The left telescopic arm can swing in a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame. The middle part of the left telescopic arm is hinged to the top end of the left swing cylinder. The bottom end of the left swing cylinder is hinged to the sliding frame. The top end of the left telescopic arm is hinged to the top end of the left telescopic arm cylinder. The bottom end of the left telescopic arm cylinder is hinged to the bottom end of the left telescopic arm.

[0018] The other side of the base is hinged to the bottom end of the right telescopic arm. The right telescopic arm can swing in a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame. The middle part of the right telescopic arm is hinged to the top end of the right swing cylinder. The bottom end of the right swing cylinder is hinged to the sliding frame. The top end of the right telescopic arm is hinged to the top end of the right telescopic arm cylinder. The bottom end of the right telescopic arm cylinder is hinged to the bottom end of the right telescopic arm.

[0019] The anchor drilling rig includes a hydraulic rock drill, a propulsion beam, a clamp, and a compensating cylinder. The hydraulic rock drill is slidably mounted on the propulsion beam. A clamp is provided on the top of the propulsion beam. The top of the propulsion beam is connected to the top of the compensating cylinder. The bottom of the compensating cylinder is connected to the sliding frame through a rotary device.

[0020] The shotcrete mixing equipment includes a shotcrete mixing frame, a rack, a shotcrete robot, a traveling frame, and a traveling drive unit. The shotcrete mixing frame is fixedly mounted on the advanced drilling rig bridge. A rack is provided on the top of the shotcrete mixing frame along the front-back direction. The rack meshes with a traveling gear. The traveling gear is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the traveling drive unit. The traveling drive unit is used to drive the traveling gear to rotate. The traveling drive unit is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the traveling frame. The shotcrete robot is mounted on the traveling frame.

[0021] The bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge and the G1 trailer are each equipped with two pairs of inclined wheels and two pairs of slippers. Each pair of inclined wheels or slippers is symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge or the G1 trailer. The slippers are located on the inner side of the inclined wheels. When the open-type TBM performs the widening operation of the original tunnel with an arch-shaped cross-section, the bottom surface of the slippers cooperates with the inner surface of the widening trench formed by the cutterhead of the TBM at the bottom of the arch-shaped original tunnel.

[0022] The slipper includes a slipper bracket, a pin, and a slipper plate. The slipper plate is a boat-shaped structure that extends obliquely upward at both ends. The bottom surface of the slipper plate is an arc surface that matches the circular excavation surface formed by the cutterhead of the TBM during excavation. The top of the slipper plate is rotatably engaged with the bottom of the slipper bracket via a pin. The top of the slipper bracket is fixedly connected to the bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge or the G1 trailer via a connecting plate.

[0023] An open-type TBM launching method, the launching method being based on the aforementioned open-type TBM, wherein the supporting equipment of the open-type TBM further includes a hydraulic pump station and a hydraulic control system, the hydraulic pump station and hydraulic control system being arranged on a trailer connected to the rear of the advanced drilling rig bridge, the launching method comprising:

[0024] Lay out the stepping frame, hoist the open TBM host onto the stepping frame and complete the assembly of the TBM host;

[0025] Obtain a temporary hydraulic station and control valve assembly for controlling the propulsion device, and temporarily connect the propulsion cylinder to the temporary hydraulic station and control valve assembly;

[0026] The TBM main unit is pushed forward along the stepping frame, and the rear supporting equipment is moved forward onto the stepping frame in sequence. During the process of the TBM main unit moving forward along the stepping frame, an external hydraulic station and control valve group are used to control the propulsion cylinder to control the front shield to lift and turn, so as to avoid the front shield from rubbing against the stepping frame.

[0027] After the first trailer in the rear support equipment, namely the G1 trailer, is moved forward onto the stepping frame, the propulsion cylinder is separated from the external hydraulic station and control valve group. Then, the TBM main unit is connected to all the rear support equipment to complete the assembly of the open-type TBM. The front shield pitching and steering are then controlled by the hydraulic pump station and control system in the rear support equipment.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. In the open-type TBM of this invention, the rear of the front shield is connected to the front of the shield via two sets of vertically symmetrically arranged propulsion devices and two sets of horizontally symmetrically arranged propulsion devices. The four sets of propulsion devices are connected in series along the circumference of the front shield 2. Each set of propulsion devices includes two propulsion cylinders. The two propulsion cylinders in the same set are arranged in a V-shape with their front ends close to each other and their rear ends far apart. The eight propulsion cylinders are divided into four groups, controlling four zones (up, down, left, and right) respectively. By controlling the hydraulic pressure and flow rate of each zone, the TBM's forward, backward, turning, and step-changing actions can be controlled. This cylinder arrangement simplifies the TBM attitude control algorithm and makes the TBM main unit flexible in steering, adapting to small turning radius requirements. Therefore, this invention controls the TBM's forward, backward, turning, and step-changing actions through four sets of propulsion cylinders located vertically, horizontally, and vertically on the TBM main unit. The control algorithm is simple, the steering is flexible, and it can adapt to small turning radius requirements.

[0030] 2. In the open-type TBM of the present invention, front shield stabilizers are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the rear of the front shield. The front shield stabilizers are installed on both sides of the rear of the front shield, which is convenient for maintenance. The front shield stabilizer includes a stabilizer cylinder, a stabilizer shoe plate, and a stabilizer guide block. The stabilizer shoe plate is a rectangular structure. The independent setting of the shoe plate allows for an unrestricted area, enabling the use of a larger and less slippery rectangular shoe plate structure. The rectangular shoe plate structure increases the stress area of ​​the stabilizer and prevents the stabilizer from rotating due to external forces, thus preventing jamming. The stabilizer guide block provides additional lifting stroke for the front shield stabilizer. Generally, the stabilizer used in the front shield is used to support the newly excavated cross-section of the cutterhead. This cross-section is a circular cross-section with a size similar to the outer perimeter of the TBM main unit. Therefore, the support part of the stabilizer hardly needs to extend beyond the outside of the front shield. In this invention, by adding a stabilizer guide block mechanism, the stress strength of the front shield stabilizer is increased, the front shield stabilizer is prevented from jamming, and additional stroke is provided for the front shield stabilizer to adapt to different tunnel cross-sections such as the step tunnel, the starting tunnel, and the enlarged section. Therefore, in order to adapt to different tunnel cross-sections such as the step tunnel, the starting tunnel, and the widening section, the present invention provides a front shield stabilizer with a guiding mechanism at the rear of the front shield. The front shield stabilizer is easy to maintain and adopts an independent rectangular shoe plate to increase the force-bearing area of ​​the front shield stabilizer. Furthermore, the guide mechanism is used in the front shield stabilizer to improve its stress strength when the front shield stabilizer has a long stroke, making the TMB more adaptable to different tunnel cross-sections such as the step tunnel, the starting tunnel, and the widening section.

[0031] 3. In the open-type TBM of this invention, between the front shield and the supporting shield, located in the upper half of the TBM main unit, there are arc-shaped front shield plates and supporting shield front plates. The central angles corresponding to the front shield plates and supporting shield front plates are both 180°. The supporting shield front plate is located inside the front shield plate, that is, these two plates are set one above the other on the top of the TBM main unit. Furthermore, the front part of the supporting shield front plate and the rear part of the front shield plate partially overlap. These two plates can completely overlap during stepping and tunneling, achieving a supporting function and preventing muck from entering the TBM main unit from the tunnel top and side walls, thus providing protection. At the same time, between the front shield and the supporting shield, located in the upper half of the TBM main unit... At the bottom, there are two mudguards: a front shield mudguard and a support shield mudguard, both with an arc-shaped cross-section. The central angles of the front shield mudguard and the support shield mudguard are both approximately 120°. The support shield mudguard is located inside the front shield mudguard. These two guards are installed vertically at the bottom of the TBM main unit, with the rear of the front shield mudguard and the front of the support shield mudguard partially overlapping. The front shield mudguard and the support shield mudguard play a role in blocking muck during the TBM's stepping and tunneling process. Especially during the widening and excavation stage, the two mudguards can block the muck located on both sides of the original tunnel bottom, preventing it from entering between the front shield and the support shield, and preventing muck from accumulating at the bottom of the tunnel, thus affecting the movement of the trailing trailer. Therefore, in this invention, an overlapping front shield guard plate and a tensioning shield front guard plate are installed on the top of the TBM main unit to protect the TBM main unit in shallow buried strata; at the same time, an overlapping front shield mudguard plate and a tensioning shield mudguard plate are installed at the bottom of the TBM main unit to prevent soil and debris from entering the TBM main unit. The guard plate and mudguard plate can protect the main unit to ensure stable operation, reduce the occurrence of machine jamming or the need to stop to clean up soil and debris during tunneling, and the guard plate and mudguard plate form a semi-enclosed structure, saving materials and achieving the effect of lightweighting.

[0032] 4. In the open-type TBM of this invention, an arch frame installer, a radial anchor drilling rig, and shotcrete equipment are installed on the G1 trailer and the advanced drilling rig bridge. When encountering unfavorable strata such as soft rock and fractured zones, timely support and sealing operations can be carried out, achieving early support and sealing, improving construction safety, and enhancing the TBM's adaptability to different geological conditions. Therefore, this invention includes an arch frame installer, a radial anchor drilling rig, and shotcrete equipment in the downstream components, enabling early support and sealing when encountering unfavorable strata, improving construction safety, and enhancing the TBM's adaptability to different geological conditions.

[0033] 5. In the open-type TBM of this invention, two pairs of inclined wheels are installed at the bottom of the G1 trailer and the advanced drilling rig bridge, and two pairs of sliding shoes are installed on the inner side of the two pairs of inclined wheels. When the open-type TBM performs the widening operation of the original tunnel with an arch-shaped cross-section, there may be certain triangular areas on both sides of the original tunnel with an arch-shaped cross-section that do not contact the circular cutterhead. In these two triangular areas, slag will accumulate, and the inclined wheels cannot contact the tunnel wall, thus affecting the movement of the G1 trailer and the advanced drilling rig bridge. At this time, the sliding shoes cooperate with the widening groove formed by the TBM cutterhead at the bottom of the arch-shaped original tunnel. The sliding shoes temporarily replace the inclined wheels to provide support, and the G1 trailer and the advanced drilling rig bridge can move and slide by means of the sliding shoes. After the widening construction section is completed and the full-face excavation begins, the tunneling machine directly excavates a circular cross-section without the original tunnel. At this time, the inclined wheels can touch the circular tunnel wall formed by the tunneling machine and play a supporting role in movement. Therefore, while the present invention sets inclined wheels at the bottom of the G1 trailer and the advanced drilling rig bridge, it also adds slip shoes on the inner side of the pulleys. The slip shoes temporarily replace the inclined wheels in the widening excavation condition, reducing frictional resistance and playing a supporting and walking role. This allows the open TBM to adapt to different working conditions, improves the stability and tunneling efficiency of the equipment during the widening excavation section, and also reduces construction costs and maintenance difficulty.

[0034] 6. In the open-type TBM launching method of this invention, due to the very large weight of the cutterhead and front shield, and the fact that the propulsion cylinder was not connected to the power system in the rear assembly when it was first installed on the stepping frame, nor was it installed and debugged, the shield head attitude cannot be controlled. In some special situations, such as when the construction site is limited and the equipment faces a small turning radius stepping launch, the shield head attitude cannot be controlled, and the shield head is prone to scraping against the stepping frame when turning, which makes it difficult to move the TBM main unit and seriously affects the construction progress. This invention addresses this by adding a temporary hydraulic station and After the TBM main unit is installed on the stepping frame, the control valve group directly controls the propulsion device through a temporary hydraulic station and control valve group to control the attitude of the cutterhead and front shield, ensuring that the cutterhead and front shield do not rub against the stepping frame when turning. After the stepping frame is installed on the rear auxiliary equipment, the TBM main unit is separated from the external hydraulic station and control valve group, and then the TBM main unit is connected to all the rear auxiliary equipment to complete the assembly of the open-type TBM. At this time, the hydraulic pump station and control system in the rear auxiliary equipment continue to control the shield head attitude, thereby completing the stepping start with a small turning radius. Therefore, in this invention, by adding a temporary hydraulic station and control valve group, the shield head lifting and turning are controlled from the stepping stage, ensuring that the cutterhead and front shield do not rub against the stepping frame when turning, avoiding the shield head jamming during the start-up process, and saving construction time.

[0035] 7. In the open-type TBM launching method of the present invention, since the temporary hydraulic station and control valve group only need to control eight cylinders in the propulsion device, and do not need to control the entire tunneling equipment, its control structure is relatively simple, occupies less space, and is inexpensive. At the same time, the temporary hydraulic station and control valve group only control the attitude of the front shield during the initial short distance the TBM main unit advances on the stepping frame. This short distance is usually located in the stepping tunnel, where the space is relatively open, making it easy to set up the temporary hydraulic station and control valve group. Therefore, in the present invention, the temporary hydraulic station and control valve group are easy to arrange, only need to control eight cylinders in the propulsion device, and have a relatively simple control structure, occupy less space, and are inexpensive. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the front shield plate, the front shield plate being tightened, and the rear shield plate being tightened.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the front shield mudguard and the supporting shield mudguard.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front shield stabilizer.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the stabilizer boot plate.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the arch frame installer.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of an anchor drilling rig.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spray mixing equipment.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the skate boot's structure.

[0045] Figure 10 This is a side view of the TBM main unit on the stepper frame.

[0046] Figure 11 This is a front view of the TBM main unit on the stepper frame.

[0047] Figure 12 It is a side view structural diagram of the expansion tunnel, the starting tunnel, and the advancing tunnel.

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the expanded tunnel.

[0049] Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the starting tunnel.

[0050] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the tunnel.

[0051] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a sliding shoe temporarily replacing a slanted wheel for travel during widening excavation.

[0052] In the diagram: 1. Cutterhead; 2. Front shield; 3. Front shield guard plate; 4. Front shield stabilizer; 41. Stabilizer cylinder; 42. Stabilizer shoe plate; 43. Stabilizer guide block; 44. Guide support; 5. Push cylinder; 6. Tightening shield front guard plate; 7. Tightening shield stabilizer; 8. Support shoe; 9. Tightening shield rear guard plate; 10. Main unit belt conveyor; 11. Arch frame installer; 12. Base; 120. Left telescopic arm; 121. Left telescopic arm cylinder; 122. Left swing cylinder; 123. Middle telescopic arm; 124. Middle telescopic arm cylinder; 125. Buffer pad; 126. Right telescopic arm; 127. Right telescopic arm cylinder; 128. Right swing cylinder; 129. Anchor drill; 13. Hydraulic rock drill; 131. Push. 132. Beam feeder, 133. Clamping device, 134. Compensating cylinder, 135. Electrical control system, 136. Water and steam system, 137. Sliding frame, 138. Translation guide column, 139. Translation cylinder, 14. Spraying equipment, 141. Spraying frame, 142. Rack, 143. Shotcrete robot, 144. Walking frame, 145. Walking drive unit, 146. Walking gear, 15. Advanced drilling rig, 16. Slipper, 161. Connecting plate, 162. Slipper bracket, 163. Pin, 164. Shoe plate, 17. Advanced drilling rig bridge, 18. G1 trailer, 19. Rear matching belt conveyor, 20. Traction cylinder, 21. Supporting shield mudguard, 22. Front shield mudguard, 23. Cutterhead drive unit, 24. Inclined wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0054] See Figures 1 to 9 An open-type TBM, the open-type TBM including a TBM main unit and supporting equipment.

[0055] The TBM main unit includes a cutterhead 1, a front shield 2, a tension shield 8, support shoes 9, a cutterhead drive unit 23, and a propulsion device. The cutterhead 1 is installed in an integral structure at the front of the front shield 2 and is driven to rotate forward and backward by the cutterhead drive unit 23 located inside the front shield 2. The rear of the front shield 2 is connected to the front of the tension shield 8 through four sets of propulsion devices. The side of the tension shield 8 is provided with support shoes 9 for tensioning the rock wall. There are two sets of support shoes 9, arranged one after the other. Each set of support shoes 9 includes two symmetrical tension shield shoe plates. The two tension shield shoe plates are arranged on both sides of the tension shield 8. When the TBM is tunneling, it relies on the friction between the tension shield shoe plates and the tunnel wall to provide the thrust for forward movement.

[0056] Of the four propulsion devices, two are arranged symmetrically vertically, and the other two are arranged symmetrically horizontally. All four propulsion devices are connected in series along the circumference of the front shield 2. Each propulsion device includes two propulsion cylinders 5, which are arranged in a V-shape with their front ends close to each other and their rear ends far apart.

[0057] The propulsion cylinders are arranged in pairs, with a total of four sets, all in a V-shape. These four sets are divided into four zones: up, down, left, and right. Controlling the pressure and flow rate in each zone controls the TBM's forward, backward, turning, and step change. This arrangement provides flexible steering and can adapt to small turning radii. Simultaneously, the four sets of propulsion cylinders control the front shield's pitching and turning, and the TBM's attitude control algorithm is simple.

[0058] The supporting equipment includes a G1 trailer 18, an advanced drilling rig bridge 17, a main machine conveyor belt 11, a supporting conveyor belt 19, an arch frame installer 12, an anchor drilling rig 13, a shotcrete equipment 14, and an advanced drilling rig 15. The front of the advanced drilling rig bridge 17 is connected to the rear of the G1 trailer 18. The G1 trailer 18 is connected to the bottom of the tensioning shield 8 via a towing cylinder 20. The G1 trailer 18 is the first trailer in the supporting equipment. The supporting conveyor belt 19 and the arch frame are arranged sequentially from front to back on the G1 trailer 18. The support system comprises an arch frame installer 12 and a bolt drill rig 13. The front end of a rear-mounted conveyor belt 19 overlaps with the rear end of a main conveyor belt 11 installed inside the TBM main unit. The main conveyor belt 11 is installed inside the shield body, with its front end extending into the soil chamber to receive excavated material generated during tunneling and to quickly transport the excavated material out of the chamber for rapid muck removal. The rear end of the main conveyor belt 11 overlaps with the rear-mounted conveyor belt 19, which is arranged along the TBM's tunneling direction within the tunnel for long-distance transport of excavated material. The arch frame installer 12 and the bolt drill rig 13 are core components of the support system. The arch frame installer 12 is used to splice and install the steel arch frame, while the bolt drill rig 13 is used for bolt support. Together, they ensure the stability of the surrounding rock during tunnel excavation.

[0059] The advanced drilling rig bridge 17 is the second trailer in the rear-mounted system. From front to back, the advanced drilling rig bridge 17 is equipped with a shotcrete system 14 and an advanced drilling rig 15. The shotcrete system 14 sprays concrete material onto the tunnel wall under high pressure, forming a dense concrete lining layer to quickly seal surface cracks in the surrounding rock, prevent rock fragmentation, and enhance the self-stabilizing capacity of the surrounding rock, providing safety for subsequent excavation. The shotcrete system 14, together with the arch frame installer 12 and the anchor drilling rig 13, forms a composite support system to adapt to adverse geological conditions such as weak, fractured rock masses or fault fracture zones. The advanced drilling rig 15 obtains geological information by drilling into the rock mass ahead, identifying adverse geological conditions such as faults, fracture zones, and water-rich layers in advance.

[0060] The supporting equipment includes an arch frame installer 12, a radial anchor drill rig 13, and a shotcrete system 14 installed on the G1 trailer 18 and the advance drilling rig bridge 17. This allows for early support and closure when encountering soft rock or fractured terrain, improving construction safety and the TBM's adaptability. Furthermore, the advance drilling rig 15 can address adverse geological conditions in advance, reducing TBM downtime and further enhancing the TBM's adaptability and tunneling efficiency.

[0061] The front shield 2 is provided with a front shield plate 3 at its rear. The front part of the front shield plate 3 covers the top of the front shield 2. The front shield plate 3 is a plate with an arc-shaped cross-section set along the outer edge of the front shield 2. In this invention, the central angle corresponding to the front shield plate 3 is 180°. The front shield plate 3 covers the upper semicircle of the front shield 2 to protect the top area. The rear part of the front shield plate 3 partially overlaps with the front part of the supporting shield front plate 6. The supporting shield front plate 6 is located inside the front shield plate 3. The supporting shield front plate 6 is a plate with an arc-shaped cross-section set along the outer edge of the supporting shield 8. The central angle corresponding to the supporting shield front plate 6 is 180°. The rear part of the supporting shield front plate 6 is connected to the front part of the supporting shield 8.

[0062] The upper semicircular area of ​​the front shield 2 and the supporting shield 8 is equipped with a front shield plate 3 and a supporting shield plate 6. The front shield plate 3 and the supporting shield plate 6 are arranged vertically and can fully overlap during tunneling and advancing, providing support and protection in shallow strata. At the same time, considering that the front shield plate 3 is the outermost shield and requires greater strength, the front part of the front shield plate 3 covers the top of the front shield 2, making the front shield plate 3 less prone to deformation and the connection with the front shield 2 more stable.

[0063] The rear part of the front shield 2 is connected to the front part of the front shield mudguard 22. The front shield mudguard 22 is located at the bottom of the front shield 2. The front shield mudguard 22 is a protective plate with an arc-shaped cross-section set along the outer edge of the front shield 2. The central angle corresponding to the front shield mudguard 22 is 119°. The rear part of the front shield mudguard 22 partially overlaps with the front part of the supporting shield mudguard 21. The supporting shield mudguard 21 is located inside the front shield mudguard 22. The supporting shield mudguard 21 is a protective plate with an arc-shaped cross-section set along the outer edge of the supporting shield 8. The central angle corresponding to the supporting shield mudguard 21 is 119°. The rear part of the supporting shield mudguard 21 is connected to the front part of the supporting shield 8.

[0064] Mudguards are installed at approximately 120° around the bottom of the front shield 2 and the support shield 8. During the excavation of the tunnel, mudguards can effectively prevent soil and debris from entering the shield from the top and side walls, thus preventing soil and debris accumulation inside the shield and affecting the tunneling process.

[0065] A rear guard plate 10 is provided behind the supporting shield 8. The front part of the rear guard plate 10 is connected to the top of the supporting shield 8. The rear guard plate 10 is a guard plate with an arc-shaped cross-section along the outer edge of the supporting shield 8, and the central angle of the corresponding arc is 120°. The rear guard plate 10 is located directly above the overlap of the main conveyor belt 11 and the rear matching conveyor belt 19, and the rear part of the rear guard plate 10 is close to the arch frame installer 12. The rear guard plate 10 and the arch frame installer 12 are arranged in a close proximity and can overlap and cooperate with the arch frame installer 12 to provide timely support and closure. The rear guard plate 10 is installed in the upper 120° range of the tail of the supporting shield, which can quickly connect with the arch frame installer 12 while also providing support and protection.

[0066] Two front shield stabilizers 4 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear end face of the front shield 2. The two front shield stabilizers 4 are located near the top of the front shield 2 and serve to reduce vibration and fix the front shield. The front shield stabilizer 4 includes a stabilizer cylinder 41, a stabilizer shoe plate 42, and a stabilizer guide block 43. The stabilizer shoe plate 42 is a rectangular structure. The outer side of the stabilizer shoe plate 42 is used to contact the rock wall to provide support for the front shield 2. The inner side of the stabilizer shoe plate 42 is connected to one end of the stabilizer cylinder 41, and the other end of the stabilizer cylinder 41 is connected to the front shield 2. The stabilizer guide blocks 43 are fixedly arranged on both sides of the stabilizer shoe plate 42. The side of the stabilizer guide block 43 away from the stabilizer shoe plate 42 slides in the radial direction of the front shield 2 with a guide support 44. The guide support 44 is fixedly arranged at the rear of the front shield 2. Structurally, the shoe plate 42 adopts a rectangular structure. The rectangular shoe plate 42 can be limited by its four sides, making it less prone to rotation during tightening. In terms of installation, the front shield stabilizer 4 is installed at the rear of the front shield 2, avoiding interference with the main drive inside the front shield 2. Simultaneously, the front shield stabilizer 4 is fixed to the rear section of the front shield via a flange. Its stabilizer shoe plate 42 can extend radially along the TBM to provide support for the TBM main unit, reducing vibration and fixing the front shield. This installation position and method also make maintenance of the front shield stabilizer 4 simple and convenient. By adding a stabilizer guide block mechanism, the front shield stabilizer's strength is increased, preventing jamming, and additional stroke is provided to adapt to different tunnel diameters in the initial section, widening section, and full-face excavation section.

[0067] In this invention, openings are provided on both the left and right sides of the front shield plate 3 to facilitate the installation and extension / retraction of the front shield stabilizer 4.

[0068] The top of the tension shield 8 is symmetrically equipped with tension shield stabilizers 7 on both sides, and the tension shield stabilizers 7 are located near the front of the tension shield 8. The two tension shield stabilizers 7 provide auxiliary support for the tension shield 8. During the initiation and tunneling process, the front shield stabilizer 4 and the tension shield stabilizers 7 work together to provide auxiliary support to prevent the TBM main unit from rolling or deflecting its own attitude.

[0069] The G1 trailer 18 is fixedly equipped with a sliding frame 137, a translation guide post 138, and a translation cylinder 139. The translation cylinder 139 is used to drive the sliding frame 137 to slide along the translation guide post 138. The sliding frame 137 is equipped with an arch frame installer 12 and an anchor drilling rig 13. The sliding frame 137 and the translation guide post 138 are slidably engaged. The translation guide post 138 is arranged in the front-back direction.

[0070] The G1 trailer 18 is also equipped with an electrical control system 135 and a water vapor system 136. The electrical control system 135 is used to control the movement of the translation cylinder 139, the cylinder in the arch frame installer 12, and the moving parts in the anchor drilling rig 13, thereby controlling the sliding frame 137 and the movement of the arch frame installer 12 and the anchor drilling rig 13. The water vapor system 136 is used to generate water vapor when the anchor drilling rig 13 performs drilling operations to cool, lubricate, and flush the anchor drilling rig 13. The arch frame installer 12 and the anchor drilling rig 13 are integrated and arranged on the first trailer, namely the G1 trailer 18. Its arrangement is simple, compact and occupies little space, making it particularly suitable for tunneling equipment that needs to start with a small turning radius. At the same time, the shotcrete equipment 14 and the advanced drilling rig 15 are arranged on the second trailer, namely the advanced drilling rig bridge 17, which is immediately following the G1 trailer 18. The equipment that undertakes the core functions of tunnel support and geological exploration is arranged compactly and works in coordination, which can ensure construction safety and efficiency.

[0071] The arch frame installer 12 includes a base 120, a middle telescopic arm 124, a left telescopic arm 121, and a right telescopic arm 127. The bottom of the base 120 is fixedly connected to the sliding frame 137, the top of the base 120 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the middle telescopic arm 124, the top end of the middle telescopic arm 124 is hinged to the top end of the middle telescopic arm cylinder 125, and the bottom end of the middle telescopic arm cylinder 125 is hinged to the bottom end of the middle telescopic arm 124.

[0072] One side of the base 120 is hinged to the bottom end of the left telescopic arm 121. The left telescopic arm 121 can swing in a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame 137. The middle part of the left telescopic arm 121 is hinged to the top end of the left swing cylinder 123. The bottom end of the left swing cylinder 123 is hinged to the sliding frame 137. The top end of the left telescopic arm 121 is hinged to the top end of the left telescopic arm cylinder 122. The bottom end of the left telescopic arm cylinder 122 is hinged to the bottom end of the left telescopic arm 121.

[0073] The other side of the base 120 is hinged to the bottom end of the right telescopic arm 127. The right telescopic arm 127 can swing in a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame 137. The middle part of the right telescopic arm 127 is hinged to the top end of the right swing cylinder 129. The bottom end of the right swing cylinder 129 is hinged to the sliding frame 137. The top end of the right telescopic arm 127 is hinged to the top end of the right telescopic arm cylinder 128. The bottom end of the right telescopic arm cylinder 128 is hinged to the bottom end of the right telescopic arm 127. The arch frame installer 12 consists of three parts: left, middle, and right. Each part is responsible for the installation of the steel arch frame on the left, top, and right sides of the tunnel, respectively. It can realize functions such as swinging, translation, and telescopic, reducing the labor intensity of workers and improving work efficiency.

[0074] The anchor drilling rig 13 includes a hydraulic rock drill 131, a propulsion beam 132, a clamp 133, and a compensating cylinder 134. The hydraulic rock drill 131 is slidably mounted on the propulsion beam 132. The clamp 133 is provided on the top of the propulsion beam 132. The top of the propulsion beam 132 is connected to the top of the compensating cylinder 134. The bottom of the compensating cylinder 134 is connected to the sliding frame 137 through a rotary device. Specifically, the hydraulic rock drill 131 has impact and rotation functions, and is used for hydraulically driven rock breaking to complete drilling; the propulsion beam 132 is equipped with a drive unit to provide feed force to the hydraulic rock drill 131, and also plays a guiding role, providing stable guidance and support for the drill rod; the clamp 133 is mainly used when disassembling the drill rod, and plays an auxiliary support role during drilling. The clamp 133 is used to stabilize the drill rod during drilling and plays an auxiliary role in disassembly and assembly when changing the drill rod; the compensation cylinder 134 can keep the front end of the track always pressed against the rock wall through compensating movement when the position of the drill arm changes and the guide rail tip disengages from the rock wall. The compensation cylinder 134 is mainly used to adjust the distance of the drill arm.

[0075] The radial anchor drill 13 and the arch frame installer 12 share a sliding frame 137 and move forward and backward together. Except for the forward and backward translation, the other movements of the radial anchor drill 13 and the arch frame installer 12 are independently controlled, which can realize drilling operations within a 120° range at the top of the tunnel. In addition, the radial anchor drill 13 is equipped with a top hammer type hydraulic rock drill 131, which has a fast drilling speed and high efficiency.

[0076] The shotcrete mixing equipment 14 includes a shotcrete mixing frame 141, a rack 142, a shotcrete manipulator 143, a traveling frame 144, and a traveling drive unit 145. The shotcrete mixing frame 141 is fixedly mounted on the advanced drilling rig bridge 17. A rack 142 is provided on the top of the shotcrete mixing frame 141 along the front-back direction. The rack 142 meshes with a traveling gear 146. The traveling gear 146 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the traveling drive unit 145. The traveling drive unit 145 is used to drive the traveling gear 146 to rotate. The traveling drive unit 145 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the traveling frame 144. The shotcrete manipulator is mounted on the traveling frame 144.

[0077] The shotcrete equipment 14 also includes a shotcrete trolley, a delivery pump, a quick-setting agent pump, an air compressor, and an air storage tank, enabling intelligent proportioning and automated shotcrete operations to quickly cope with construction in adverse geological formations. Similarly, the advanced drilling rig 15, mounted on the advanced drilling rig bridge 17, can perform geological drilling and pipe roof support operations ahead of the tunnel. The advanced drilling rig 15 can operate within a 180° range above the tunnel roof, ensuring safe excavation.

[0078] The bottom of the advanced drilling bridge 17 and the G1 trailer 18 are each provided with two pairs of inclined wheels 24 and two pairs of slippers 16. Each pair of inclined wheels 24 or slippers 16 is symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the advanced drilling bridge 17 or the G1 trailer 18. The slippers 16 are located on the inner side of the inclined wheels 24. When the open-type TBM performs the excavation of the original tunnel with an arch-shaped cross-section, the bottom surface of the slippers 16 cooperates with the inner surface of the excavation trench formed by the cutterhead of the TBM at the bottom of the arch-shaped original tunnel.

[0079] Two pairs of inclined wheels 24 are installed at the bottom of the G1 trailer and the advanced drilling rig bridge, and two pairs of slippers 16 are installed on the inner side of the two pairs of inclined wheels 24. When an open-type TBM is performing an enlargement operation on an existing tunnel with an arched cross-section, there may be a triangular area on each side of the existing tunnel with an arched cross-section that does not coincide with the excavation cross-section of the cutterhead. Figure 16 As shown, due to the existence of these two triangular areas, the inclined wheel 24 cannot contact the tunnel wall, thus affecting the movement of the G1 trailer 18 and the advanced drilling rig bridge 17. At this time, the sliding shoe 16 cooperates with the excavation groove formed by the TBM cutterhead at the bottom of the arch-shaped original tunnel. The sliding shoe 16 temporarily replaces the inclined wheel 24 to provide support, and the G1 trailer 18 and the advanced drilling rig bridge 17 can move and slide through the sliding shoe. After the excavation section is completed and the full-face excavation begins, the tunnel boring machine directly excavates a circular cross-section without the original tunnel. At this time, the inclined wheel 24 can touch the circular tunnel wall formed by the tunnel boring machine and play a supporting role in movement.

[0080] The slipper 16 includes a slipper bracket 162, a pin 163, and a slipper plate 164. The slipper plate 164 is a boat-shaped structure that extends obliquely upward at both ends. The bottom surface of the slipper plate 164 is an arc surface that matches the circular excavation surface formed by the cutterhead of the TBM during excavation. The top of the slipper plate 164 is rotatably engaged with the bottom of the slipper bracket 162 via the pin 163. The top of the slipper bracket 162 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge 17 or the G1 trailer 18 via a connecting plate 161.

[0081] The pin 163 is set perpendicular to the forward direction of the advanced drilling bridge 17 or the G1 trailer 18. During the forward movement of the advanced drilling bridge 17 or the G1 trailer 18, the pin 163 can enable the shoe plate 161 to swing slightly in the forward direction of the advanced drilling bridge 17 or the G1 trailer 18 to adapt to the uneven excavation surface.

[0082] An open-type TBM launching method, the launching method being based on the aforementioned open-type TBM, wherein the supporting equipment of the open-type TBM further includes a hydraulic pump station and a hydraulic control system, the hydraulic pump station and hydraulic control system being arranged on a trailer connected to the rear of the advanced drilling rig bridge 17, the launching method comprising:

[0083] Lay out stepping frames, such as Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the open-type TBM host is hoisted onto the stepper frame and the assembly of the TBM host is completed;

[0084] Obtain a temporary hydraulic station and control valve group for controlling the propulsion device, and connect the propulsion device to the temporary hydraulic station and control valve group to control the attitude of the front shield 2 through the temporary hydraulic station and control valve group;

[0085] The TBM main unit is pushed forward along the stepping frame, and the rear supporting equipment is moved forward onto the stepping frame in sequence. During the process of pushing the TBM main unit forward along the stepping frame, a temporary hydraulic station and control valve group are used to control the action of eight hydraulic cylinders in the propulsion device to control the front shield 2 to lift up and turn, thereby avoiding the front shield 2 from rubbing against the stepping frame.

[0086] After the first trailer in the rear support equipment, namely G1 trailer 18, is moved forward onto the stepping frame, the propulsion device is separated from the external hydraulic station and control valve group. Then, the TBM main unit is connected to all the rear support equipment to complete the open TBM assembly. The front shield 2 continues to be controlled for raising and steering through the hydraulic pump station and control system in the rear support equipment.

[0087] In this invention, the hydraulic pump station and control system of the rear-mounted equipment are respectively installed on trailer G5 (the fifth trailer in the rear-mounted equipment) and trailer G7 (the seventh trailer in the rear-mounted equipment). Before moving the rear-mounted equipment onto the stepping frame, all the rear-mounted equipment is connected and assembled. After the first trailer G1 18 of the rear-mounted equipment is moved onto the stepping frame, the entire rear-mounted equipment is assembled and debugged with the TBM main unit, thus completing the assembly of the open-type TBM. After the assembly of the open-type TBM is completed, the TBM can realize the tunneling function and control the movement and attitude of its front shield 2 through the power system in the rear-mounted equipment. After the open-type TBM assembly is completed, the TBM starts normally. The TBM main unit continues to advance along the stepping frame, and the hydraulic pump station and control system on the G5 trailer and G7 trailer continue to maintain the attitude of the front shield 2. At the same time, the follow-up trailers in the rear supporting equipment (advanced drilling bridge 17 and the trailer located behind advanced drilling bridge 17) are successively mounted on the stepping frame and follow the TBM main unit.

[0088] The principle of this invention is explained as follows:

[0089] In some special cases, such as widening an existing city gate-shaped tunnel, where the tunnel has already been excavated to a certain length using mining methods, the resulting tunnel has three different cross-sections, each with varying degrees of over-excavation and under-excavation. This poses significant challenges to equipment movement and launch. Figure 12As shown, for a tunnel that has been excavated for 800m, after its completion, it consists of three parts with different shapes: the approach tunnel, the launching tunnel, and the ramping tunnel. The cross-sections of these three tunnel parts are as follows: Figures 13-15 As shown, the cross-sections and under-excavation conditions vary, leading to numerous difficulties when using open-face TBMs for enlargement operations. Firstly, the three different cross-section shapes place extremely high demands on the adaptability of the TBM equipment. Secondly, the TBM needs to be able to adapt to the surrounding rock environment of the project area. If the surrounding rock is unstable, hard, and shallow, the support requirements for the TBM equipment become even more stringent. Furthermore, due to the limitations of the excavation site, the TBM equipment faces a small-radius step-by-step start before entering the tunnel, which significantly impacts the muck removal by the conveyor belt and the step-by-step movement of the trailer. Therefore, this invention improves the TBM's main unit, stabilization system, auxiliary equipment, and starting method, enabling the TBM to meet the requirements of step-by-step movement, enlargement, and small-radius starting, while also adapting to excavation in Class II and III surrounding rock with higher hardness, and possessing complete shotcrete and anchor support functions.

[0090] Example 1:

[0091] An open-type TBM, the open-type TBM including a TBM main unit and supporting equipment;

[0092] The TBM main unit includes a cutterhead 1, a front shield 2, a support shield 8, and a propulsion device. The cutterhead 1 is located at the front of the front shield 2. The rear of the front shield 2 is connected to the front of the support shield 8 via two sets of vertically symmetrically arranged propulsion devices and two sets of horizontally symmetrically arranged propulsion devices. The four sets of propulsion devices are connected in series along the circumference of the front shield 2. Each set of propulsion devices includes two propulsion cylinders 5. The two propulsion cylinders 5 in the same set are arranged in a V-shape with their front ends close to each other and their rear ends far apart. The side of the support shield 8 is provided with support shoes 9 for supporting the rock wall. The supporting equipment includes a G1 trailer 18 and an advanced drilling bridge 17. The front of the advanced drilling bridge 17 is connected to the rear of the G1 trailer 18. The G1 trailer 18 is connected to the bottom of the support shield 8 via a towing cylinder 20. The G1 trailer 18 is equipped with, from front to back, a rear-mounted belt conveyor 19, an arch frame installer 12, and an anchor drill rig 13. The front end of the rear-mounted belt conveyor 19 overlaps with the rear end of the main unit belt conveyor 11 installed inside the TBM main unit. The advanced drilling rig bridge 17 is equipped with, from front to back, a spray mixing device 14 and an advanced drilling rig 15. A front shield guard plate 3 is provided at the rear of the front shield 2. The front part of the front shield guard plate 3 covers the top of the front shield 2. The front shield guard plate 3 is a guard plate with an arc-shaped cross-section along the outer edge of the front shield 2, and the central angle corresponding to the front shield guard plate 3 is 180°. The rear part of the front shield guard plate 3 connects with the support... The front part of the front shield guard plate 6 overlaps with the front shield guard plate 3. The front shield guard plate 6 is located inside the front shield guard plate 3. The front shield guard plate 6 is a guard plate with an arc-shaped cross-section set along the outer edge of the front shield 8. The central angle corresponding to the front shield guard plate 6 is the same as the central angle corresponding to the front shield guard plate 3. The rear part of the front shield guard plate 6 is connected to the front part of the front shield 8. The rear part of the front shield 2 is connected to the front part of the front shield mudguard 22. The front shield mudguard 22 is set at the bottom of the front shield 2. The front shield mudguard 22 is a guard plate with an arc-shaped cross-section set along the outer edge of the front shield 2. The central angle corresponding to the front shield mudguard 22 is 119°±17°. The rear part of the front shield mudguard 22 overlaps with the front part of the front shield mudguard 21. In partial overlap, the supporting shield mudguard 21 is located inside the front shield mudguard 22. The supporting shield mudguard 21 is a protective plate with an arc-shaped cross-section set along the outer edge of the supporting shield 8. The central angle corresponding to the supporting shield mudguard 21 is the same as the central angle corresponding to the front shield mudguard 22. The rear part of the supporting shield mudguard 21 is connected to the front part of the supporting shield 8. A supporting shield rear guard plate 10 is set behind the supporting shield 8. The front part of the supporting shield rear guard plate 10 is connected to the top of the supporting shield 8. The supporting shield rear guard plate 10 is a protective plate with an arc-shaped cross-section set along the outer edge of the supporting shield 8. The central angle corresponding to the supporting shield rear guard plate 10 is 120°. The rear part of the supporting shield rear guard plate 10 is set near the arch frame installer 12.Two front shield stabilizers 4 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear end face of the front shield 2. The two front shield stabilizers 4 are positioned near the top of the front shield 2. Each front shield stabilizer 4 includes a stabilizer cylinder 41, a stabilizer shoe plate 42, and a stabilizer guide block 43. The stabilizer shoe plate 42 is a rectangular structure. The outer side of the stabilizer shoe plate 42 is used to contact the rock wall to provide support for the front shield 2. The inner side of the stabilizer shoe plate 42 is connected to one end of the stabilizer cylinder 41, and the other end of the stabilizer cylinder 41 is connected to the front shield 2. Stabilizer guide blocks 43 are fixedly arranged on both sides of the stabilizer shoe plate 42. The side of the stabilizer guide block 43 away from the stabilizer shoe plate 42 slides in a radial direction with a guide support 44. The guide support 44 is fixedly located at the rear of the front shield 2. Tightening shield stabilizers 7 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the tension shield 8, and the tension shield stabilizers 7 are positioned near the front of the tension shield 8.

[0093] An open-type TBM launching method, the launching method being based on the aforementioned open-type TBM, wherein the supporting equipment of the open-type TBM further includes a hydraulic pump station and a hydraulic control system, the hydraulic pump station and hydraulic control system being arranged on a trailer connected to the rear of the advanced drilling rig bridge 17, the launching method comprising:

[0094] Lay out the stepping frame, hoist the open TBM host onto the stepping frame and complete the assembly of the TBM host;

[0095] Obtain a temporary hydraulic station and control valve group for controlling the propulsion device, and temporarily connect the propulsion cylinder 5 to the temporary hydraulic station and control valve group;

[0096] The TBM main unit is pushed forward along the stepping frame, and the rear supporting equipment is moved forward onto the stepping frame in sequence. During the process of the TBM main unit moving forward along the stepping frame, the external hydraulic station and control valve group are used to control the propulsion cylinder 5 to control the front shield 2 to lift and turn, so as to avoid the front shield 2 from rubbing against the stepping frame.

[0097] After the first trailer in the rear supporting equipment, namely G1 trailer 18, is moved forward onto the stepping frame, the propulsion cylinder 5 is separated from the external hydraulic station and control valve group. Then, the TBM main unit is connected to all the rear supporting equipment to complete the assembly of the open TBM. The front shield 2 continues to be controlled for raising and steering through the hydraulic pump station and control system in the rear supporting equipment.

[0098] Example 2:

[0099] Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0100] The G1 trailer 18 is fixedly equipped with a sliding frame 137, a translation guide post 138, and a translation cylinder 139. The translation cylinder 139 drives the sliding frame 137 to slide along the translation guide post 138. An arch frame installer 12 and an anchor drilling rig 13 are sequentially arranged on the sliding frame 137 from front to back. The sliding frame 137 and the translation guide post 138 are slidably engaged. The translation guide post 138 is arranged in a front-to-back direction. The G1 trailer 18 is also equipped with an electrical control system 135 and a water-gas system 136. The electrical control system 135 controls the sliding of the sliding frame 137 and the movement of the arch frame installer 12 and the anchor drilling rig 13. The water-gas system 136 is used to control the movement of the anchor drilling rig 13 during drilling operations. The drill bit is cooled, lubricated, and flushed. The arch frame installer 12 includes a base 120, a middle telescopic arm 124, a left telescopic arm 121, and a right telescopic arm 127. The bottom of the base 120 is fixed to the sliding frame 137, and the top of the base 120 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the middle telescopic arm 124. Buffer pads 126 are provided on both the left and right sides of the middle telescopic arm 124. The top of the middle telescopic arm 124 is hinged to the top of the middle telescopic arm cylinder 125, and the bottom end of the middle telescopic arm cylinder 125 is hinged to the bottom end of the middle telescopic arm 124. One side of the base 120 is hinged to the bottom end of the left telescopic arm 121. The left telescopic arm 121 can slide on a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame 137. The left telescopic arm 121 is hinged at its middle to the top of the left telescopic cylinder 123, the bottom of the left telescopic cylinder 123 is hinged to the sliding frame 137, the top of the left telescopic arm 121 is hinged to the top of the left telescopic arm cylinder 122, and the bottom of the left telescopic arm cylinder 122 is hinged to the bottom of the left telescopic arm 121. The other side of the base 120 is hinged to the bottom of the right telescopic arm 127. The right telescopic arm 127 can swing in a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame 137. The middle of the right telescopic arm 127 is hinged to the top of the right telescopic cylinder 129, the bottom of the right telescopic cylinder 129 is hinged to the sliding frame 137, and the top of the right telescopic arm 127 is hinged to the top of the right telescopic arm cylinder 128. The bottom end of the right telescopic boom cylinder 128 is hinged to the bottom end of the right telescopic boom 127; the spraying equipment 14 includes a spraying frame 141, a rack 142, a shotcrete robot 143, a traveling frame 144, and a traveling drive unit 145. The spraying frame 141 is fixedly mounted on the advanced drilling rig bridge 17. A rack 142 is provided on the top of the spraying frame 141 along the front-back direction. The rack 142 meshes with a traveling gear 146. The traveling gear 146 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the traveling drive unit 145. The traveling drive unit 145 is used to drive the traveling gear 146 to rotate. The traveling drive unit 145 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the traveling frame 144. The shotcrete robot 143 is mounted on the traveling frame 144.

[0101] Example 3:

[0102] Example 3 is basically the same as Example 2, except that:

[0103] The bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge 17 and the G1 trailer 18 are each equipped with two pairs of inclined wheels 24 and two pairs of sliding shoes 16. Each pair of inclined wheels 24 or sliding shoes 16 is symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge 17 or the G1 trailer 18. The sliding shoes 16 are located on the inner side of the inclined wheels 24. When the open-type TBM performs the widening operation of the existing tunnel with an arch-shaped cross-section, the bottom surface of the sliding shoes 16 matches the inner surface of the widening groove formed by the TBM cutterhead widening the bottom of the arch-shaped existing tunnel. The slipper 16 includes a slipper bracket 162, a pin 163, and a slipper plate 164. The slipper plate 164 is a boat-shaped structure that extends obliquely upward at both ends. The bottom surface of the slipper plate 164 is an arc surface that matches the circular excavation surface formed by the cutterhead of the TBM during excavation. The top of the slipper plate 164 is rotatably engaged with the bottom of the slipper bracket 162 via the pin 163. The top of the slipper bracket 162 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge 17 or the G1 trailer 18 via a connecting plate 161.

[0104] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art based on the content disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. An open-type TBM, characterized in that: The open-type TBM includes the TBM main unit and supporting equipment. The TBM main unit includes a cutter head (1), a front shield (2), a support shield (8), and a propulsion device. The cutter head (1) is located at the front of the front shield (2). The rear of the front shield (2) is connected to the front of the support shield (8) through two sets of propulsion devices arranged vertically and vertically and two sets of propulsion devices arranged horizontally and vertically. The four sets of propulsion devices are connected in series along the circumference of the front shield (2). Each set of propulsion devices includes two propulsion cylinders (5). The two propulsion cylinders (5) in the same set are arranged in a V-shape with their front ends close to each other and their rear ends far apart. The side of the support shield (8) is provided with support boots (9) for supporting the rock wall. The rear supporting equipment includes a G1 trailer (18) and an advanced drilling bridge (17). The front of the advanced drilling bridge (17) is connected to the rear of the G1 trailer (18). The G1 trailer (18) is connected to the bottom of the support shield (8) through a towing cylinder (20). The G1 trailer (18) is equipped with a rear supporting belt conveyor (19), an arch frame installer (12), and an anchor drilling rig (13) in sequence from front to back. The front end of the rear supporting belt conveyor (19) overlaps with the rear end of the main machine belt conveyor (11) installed inside the TBM main machine. The advanced drilling bridge (17) is equipped with a spray mixing device (14) and an advanced drilling rig (15) in sequence from front to back. Two front shield stabilizers (4) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear end face of the front shield (2). The two front shield stabilizers (4) are arranged close to the top of the front shield (2). The front shield stabilizer (4) includes a stabilizer cylinder (41), a stabilizer shoe plate (42), and a stabilizer guide block (43). The stabilizer shoe plate (42) is fixedly provided with stabilizer guide blocks (43) on both sides. The side of the stabilizer guide block (43) away from the stabilizer shoe plate (42) slides with the guide support (44) in the radial direction of the front shield (2). The stabilizer guide block is used to provide additional lifting stroke for the front shield stabilizer to adapt to different tunnel cross sections of different shapes, such as the step tunnel, the starting tunnel, and the widening section. The bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge (17) and the G1 trailer (18) are each equipped with two pairs of inclined wheels (24) and two pairs of slippers (16). The slippers (16) are located on the inner side of the inclined wheels (24). When the open TBM performs the excavation of the original tunnel with an arch-shaped cross section, the bottom surface of the slippers (16) cooperates with the inner surface of the excavation groove formed by the cutterhead of the TBM at the bottom of the arch-shaped original tunnel. The slippers temporarily replace the inclined wheels under the excavation conditions, playing the role of support and movement. The slipper (16) includes a slipper bracket (162), a pin (163), and a slipper plate (164). The slipper plate (164) is a boat-shaped structure that extends obliquely upward at both ends. The bottom surface of the slipper plate (164) is an arc surface that matches the circular excavation surface formed by the cutterhead of the TBM performing the excavation operation. The top of the slipper plate (164) is rotatably engaged with the bottom of the slipper bracket (162) through the pin (163). The top of the slipper bracket (162) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge (17) or the G1 trailer (18) through a connecting plate (161).

2. An open-type TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front shield (2) is provided with a front shield plate (3) at the rear. The front part of the front shield plate (3) covers the top of the front shield (2). The front shield plate (3) is a plate with an arc-shaped cross section provided along the outer edge of the front shield (2). The central angle corresponding to the front shield plate (3) is 180°. The rear part of the front shield plate (3) partially overlaps with the front part of the supporting shield front plate (6). The supporting shield front plate (6) is located inside the front shield plate (3). The supporting shield front plate (6) is a plate with an arc-shaped cross section provided along the outer edge of the supporting shield (8). The central angle corresponding to the supporting shield front plate (6) is the same as the central angle corresponding to the front shield plate (3). The rear part of the supporting shield front plate (6) is connected to the front part of the supporting shield (8). The rear part of the front shield (2) is connected to the front part of the front shield mudguard (22). The front shield mudguard (22) is located at the bottom of the front shield (2). The front shield mudguard (22) is a protective plate with an arc-shaped cross section set along the outer edge of the front shield (2). The central angle corresponding to the front shield mudguard (22) is 119°±17°. The rear part of the front shield mudguard (22) partially overlaps with the front part of the supporting shield mudguard (21). The supporting shield mudguard (21) is located inside the front shield mudguard (22). The supporting shield mudguard (21) is a protective plate with an arc-shaped cross section set along the outer edge of the supporting shield (8). The central angle corresponding to the supporting shield mudguard (21) is the same as the central angle corresponding to the front shield mudguard (22). The rear part of the supporting shield mudguard (21) is connected to the front part of the supporting shield (8).

3. An open-type TBM according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rear guard plate (10) is provided behind the support shield (8). The front part of the rear guard plate (10) is connected to the top of the support shield (8). The rear guard plate (10) is a guard plate with an arc-shaped cross section provided along the outer edge of the support shield (8). The central angle corresponding to the rear guard plate (10) is 120°. The rear part of the rear guard plate (10) is located near the arch frame installer (12).

4. An open-type TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilizer boot plate (42) is a rectangular boot plate. The outer side of the stabilizer boot plate (42) is used to contact the rock wall to provide support for the front shield (2). The inner side of the stabilizer boot plate (42) is connected to one end of the stabilizer cylinder (41). The other end of the stabilizer cylinder (41) is connected to the front shield (2). The guide support (44) is fixedly installed at the rear of the front shield (2). The top two sides of the support shield (8) are symmetrically provided with support shield stabilizers (7), and the support shield stabilizers (7) are located near the front of the support shield (8).

5. An open-type TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The G1 trailer (18) is fixedly equipped with a sliding frame (137), a translation guide column (138), and a translation cylinder (139). The translation cylinder (139) is used to drive the sliding frame (137) to slide along the translation guide column (138). The sliding frame (137) is equipped with an arch frame installer (12) and an anchor drill (13) in sequence from front to back. The sliding frame (137) and the translation guide column (138) are slidably engaged. The translation guide column (138) is arranged in the front-back direction. The G1 trailer (18) is also equipped with an electrical control system (135) and a water vapor system (136). The electrical control system (135) is used to control the sliding of the sliding frame (137) and the movement of the arch frame installer (12) and the anchor drilling rig (13). The water vapor system (136) is used to cool, lubricate and flush the drill bit of the anchor drilling rig (13) when it is performing drilling operations.

6. An open-type TBM according to claim 5, characterized in that: The arch frame installer (12) includes a base (120), a middle telescopic arm (124), a left telescopic arm (121), and a right telescopic arm (127). The bottom of the base (120) is fixed on the sliding frame (137), and the top of the base (120) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the middle telescopic arm (124). Buffer pads (126) are provided on both the left and right sides of the middle telescopic arm (124). The top of the middle telescopic arm (124) is hinged to the top of the middle telescopic arm cylinder (125), and the bottom of the middle telescopic arm cylinder (125) is hinged to the bottom of the middle telescopic arm (124). One side of the base (120) is hinged to the bottom end of the left telescopic arm (121). The left telescopic arm (121) can swing on a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame (137). The middle part of the left telescopic arm (121) is hinged to the top end of the left swing cylinder (123). The bottom end of the left swing cylinder (123) is hinged to the sliding frame (137). The top end of the left telescopic arm (121) is hinged to the top end of the left telescopic arm cylinder (122). The bottom end of the left telescopic arm cylinder (122) is hinged to the bottom end of the left telescopic arm (121). The other side of the base (120) is hinged to the bottom end of the right telescopic arm (127). The right telescopic arm (127) can swing on a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding frame (137). The middle part of the right telescopic arm (127) is hinged to the top end of the right swing cylinder (129). The bottom end of the right swing cylinder (129) is hinged to the sliding frame (137). The top end of the right telescopic arm (127) is hinged to the top end of the right telescopic arm cylinder (128). The bottom end of the right telescopic arm cylinder (128) is hinged to the bottom end of the right telescopic arm (127).

7. An open-type TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying equipment (14) includes a spraying frame (141), a rack (142), a spraying robot (143), a traveling frame (144), and a traveling drive unit (145). The spraying frame (141) is fixedly mounted on the advanced drilling rig bridge (17). A rack (142) is provided on the top of the spraying frame (141) along the front-back direction. The rack (142) meshes with a traveling gear (146). The traveling gear (146) is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the traveling drive unit (145). The traveling drive unit (145) is used to drive the traveling gear (146) to rotate. The traveling drive unit (145) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the traveling frame (144). The spraying robot (143) is mounted on the traveling frame (144).

8. An open-type TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each pair of the inclined wheels (24) or slip shoes (16) are symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the advanced drilling rig bridge (17) or G1 trailer (18).

9. An open-type TBM initiation method, characterized in that, The launching method is based on an open-face TBM as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the supporting equipment of the open-face TBM further includes a hydraulic pump station and a hydraulic control system, wherein the hydraulic pump station and the hydraulic control system are arranged on a trailer connected to the rear of the advanced drilling bridge (17), and the launching method includes: Lay out the stepping frame, hoist the open TBM host onto the stepping frame and complete the assembly of the TBM host; Obtain a temporary hydraulic station and control valve group for controlling the propulsion device, and temporarily connect the propulsion cylinder (5) to the temporary hydraulic station and control valve group; The TBM main unit is pushed forward along the stepping frame, and the rear supporting equipment is moved forward onto the stepping frame in sequence. During the process of the TBM main unit moving forward along the stepping frame, the external hydraulic station and control valve group are used to control the propulsion cylinder (5) to control the front shield (2) to raise and turn, so as to avoid the front shield (2) from rubbing against the stepping frame. After the first trailer in the rear equipment, namely the G1 trailer (18), is moved forward onto the stepping frame, the propulsion cylinder (5) is separated from the external hydraulic station and control valve group. Then, the TBM host is connected to all the rear equipment to complete the open TBM assembly. The front shield (2) continues to be controlled to raise and turn through the hydraulic pump station and control system in the rear equipment.

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