Prefabricated concrete dry type assembled high-strength steel bolt connecting and fastening system and process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dry-type connecting and fastening systems of prefabricated assembly components of railway engineering, subway engineering, industrial and civil constructional engineering and urban rail transit, and discloses a prefabricated concrete dry-type assembly high-strength steel bolt connecting and fastening system and process, and the prefabricated concrete dry-type assembly high-strength steel bolt connecting and fastening system comprises a high-strength alloy steel bolt arranged in an embedded steel pipe sleeve; the annular rubber sealing washer is arranged at the top of the upper concrete prefabricated part; the anti-falling threading cap is arranged at the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt; the steel mounting hole sealing cover is mounted at the top end of the anti-falling threading cap; the steel mounting hole sealing cover bayonet ring is arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the steel mounting hole sealing cover; and the polyurethane foaming sealing filler is filled between the steel mounting hole sealing cover and the steel mounting hole sealing cover bayonet ring. The pre-embedded threading sleeve is pre-embedded in the pouring stage of the concrete prefabricated part, and convenience is provided for later maintenance and disassembly of the prefabricated part through the two-time torque screwing function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of dry connection and fastening systems for prefabricated assembled components in railway engineering, subway engineering, industrial and civil building engineering, and urban rail transit. Specifically, it relates to a high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system and process for dry assembly of prefabricated concrete. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the construction technology for elevated urban rail transit stations in my country predominantly relies on cast-in-place concrete construction, with only a small number of projects employing partial prefabrication. The prefabricated components used are mostly steel-concrete composite structures or steel-concrete composite joints, primarily utilizing steel structure connection technology, failing to achieve fully prefabricated construction of reinforced concrete prefabricated structures. In prefabricated structural engineering, the typical prefabrication process used in underground rail transit projects is the shield tunneling method. The shield tunnel sections are mostly constructed by circumferentially and longitudinally extruding and splicing precast concrete shield segments, with the splicing points connected using special bolts. To ensure assembly accuracy at the joints, rubber patches are typically placed on the component assembly surfaces to facilitate locking the connection after pre-stressing. Furthermore, grouting is applied to the outside of the segments, forming a void filler that simultaneously bonds and protects the two components. This type of connection system, used for connecting underground segments, often employs bent steel bolts, limiting the applicable scenarios for bolted connections. Furthermore, the components need to take into account the space required for installing handholes, which weakens the components to some extent.

[0003] Currently, this type of bolt connection system is only used in the single scenario of subway shield tunnel section structure in rail transit. The segments to which the bolt connection system is applicable are also very small because the mechanical model of the shield circular structure is a multi-hinged arch with internal force balance. The structure has very little requirement for the shear resistance of the bolts and the frictional influence of the internal pressure between the segments. It cannot provide the pre-compression force between the surface of the component connectors. Therefore, this type of bolt system is mostly limited to shield tunneling projects.

[0004] With the increasing number of ground-level and elevated rail transit projects, research on fully prefabricated assembly structures for elevated rail transit stations, as well as the development of supporting technologies for connection systems between concrete components, remains insufficient and lagging. The prefabricated components of elevated rail transit structures are large in size, and their assembly and connection systems differ from the dry connection systems used in civil engineering. Currently, there are many gaps in dry connection systems for prefabricated components in elevated rail transit station structures, especially in the assembly of precast concrete components. Domestic technology is still insufficient, primarily due to the lagging development of dry connection system technology for large-volume prefabricated components in rail transit.

[0005] Currently, almost all components of the dry-assembly structures used in elevated rail transit stations both domestically and internationally are assembled systems manufactured from steel (wood) structures. Steel structural components are mostly connected using high-strength friction bolt systems, while non-load-bearing structures use ordinary bolts for steel installation. For steel prefabricated structures, there is extensive experience and successful construction techniques using high-strength bolt systems or bolted-welded connection systems. The dry-connection technology using bolted systems between steel structural components is relatively mature. However, the unit price of steel materials and their application in large-scale projects are higher than those of concrete structures. Furthermore, the durability maintenance costs of steel structures, such as fire prevention, rust prevention, and corrosion protection, are higher than those of concrete. Therefore, further research into the "dry connection" technology for precast concrete structural components is crucial for the development of prefabricated concrete elevated station structures and a key technological link in reducing project costs and subsequent maintenance costs.

[0006] The shortcomings of existing technical solutions:

[0007] The existing elevated concrete structures using prefabricated systems mainly include the following: 1) prefabricated segmental prefabricated structures; 2) post-cast (overlapping) prefabricated structures; 3) prefabricated structure overlap.

[0008] In these prefabricated structural systems, wet-joint connection techniques are commonly used between components, such as grouting sleeve technology, pre-reinforced steel post-casting technology, and composite post-casting technology. The purpose of these wet-joint connection pouring node control techniques is to ensure that the connection nodes of the prefabricated assembled structure achieve the same load-bearing capacity as cast-in-place structures after assembly.

[0009] Common wet joint methods include: precast composite casting, grouting sleeve steel bar connection, steel bar splicing integral casting, corrugated pipe post-grouting, and secondary concrete pouring (partial).

[0010] The common problems with existing precast assembly structure connection processes are as follows: 1) Existing wet-joint precast component connection nodes cannot be effectively disassembled, removed, or replaced for repair; 2) The use of wet-joint connection nodes increases the assembly process steps, requiring on-site concrete pouring, which has a certain impact on the environment and construction period; 3) The use of post-cast or grouting systems increases the issues of node connection curing and quality control; 4) With wet-joint connection technology, the structure and connection node system form a rigid connection system, resulting in a single form of structural stress and seismic energy dissipation, lacking the flexibility of multiple energy dissipation design schemes; 5) The use of wet-joint connection technology is not conducive to the long-term development goals of building structural engineering towards industrialization, high efficiency, and intelligence.

[0011] Common problems with existing dry-assembly connection and assembly technologies:

[0012] 1) In precast concrete assembly systems, dry-assembly connection technology often relies on additional steel structural connectors at the joint nodes. This includes using internal steel web bolts for assembly, or external steel bolts or welding connections. These joint technologies complicate the fabrication of precast components, making bolted and welded connections more complex and slightly increasing the construction period. Furthermore, changes in material at the joint can cause abrupt changes in joint stiffness, which is detrimental to overall structural stress control and may increase project costs. 2) The exposed steel joint components require rust, corrosion, and fire prevention measures, adding to maintenance and construction costs and negatively impacting structural durability. 3) If the steel connection joint is encased in concrete, it adds a post-concrete pouring step, creating problems similar to those associated with wet-joining methods. 4) Rapid connection construction and quality depend on the efficiency of manual assembly or welding techniques, which is not conducive to achieving rapid component connection and force transmission. 5) The dry bolt connection assembly used in the shield tunnel sections of rail transit uses bent bolts, which causes certain construction inconveniences in terms of pre-drilling holes for shield segments and pre-drilling holes for applying torque to the bolts. Furthermore, this type of connection relies on the tunnel's circumferential confining pressure and the pre-tightening force of the tunnel's longitudinal segments to achieve the benefits of bolt connection. It is not entirely applicable to connections using above-ground assembled structures.

[0013] Problems with existing prefabricated construction technologies and techniques:

[0014] 1) In prefabricated structures, the use of composite and modular prefabricated structural technologies involves secondary construction, resulting in long on-site construction cycles, significant construction impacts, and substantial influence on construction quality and progress due to external conditions and labor force requirements. 2) Prefabricated structural technologies and components have not achieved full structural prefabrication; most projects involve the prefabrication and assembly of partial components, leading to low overall construction progress and efficiency. While some projects have adopted prefabricated structures, secondary pouring and composite construction still exist, indicating that prefabricated technology is not yet fully developed. 3) Connection technologies for prefabricated structural components often rely on secondary pouring joints, and the development of rapid connection systems is insufficient. Innovation in the size and lightweighting of prefabricated structural components is inadequate, resulting in excessive component weight and construction difficulties.

[0015] No effective solutions have yet been proposed to address the problems in the relevant technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0016] To address the problems in related technologies, this invention proposes a high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system and process for precast concrete dry assembly, in order to overcome the aforementioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0017] Therefore, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0018] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly is provided, comprising:

[0019] Upper precast concrete components and lower precast concrete components;

[0020] The polymer rubber sealing ring is installed at the connection hole of the upper and lower precast concrete components to ensure a tight fit at the joint of the connecting bolt holes of the components.

[0021] Pre-embedded steel pipe sleeves are symmetrically arranged inside the upper and lower precast concrete components to accommodate and fix bolts, thereby achieving the connection between the upper and lower components;

[0022] High-strength alloy steel bolts are installed inside the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve. They consist of a lower coarse thread anchoring section and a non-threaded steel section and are used for connection and anchoring between the upper precast concrete components and the lower precast concrete components.

[0023] An annular rubber sealing gasket is placed on top of the upper precast concrete component to protect the main load-bearing component of the entire connection from water, moisture and air.

[0024] The anti-loosening thread cap is installed on the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt to protect the top of the threaded rod from rust and corrosion.

[0025] The steel mounting hole sealing cap is installed on the top of the anti-loosening thread cap. It consists of a sealing cap shell, mounting thread, and sealing cap hand tightening mechanism, and is used for sealing.

[0026] A steel mounting hole cover locking ring is set on the outer circumference of the steel mounting hole cover. It consists of a cover tongue and groove locking ring and a threaded inner ring, and is used for the twisting and locking of the steel mounting hole cover.

[0027] Polyurethane foam sealant is used to fill the space between the steel mounting hole cap and the steel mounting hole cap retaining ring for sealing and isolation.

[0028] Furthermore, the interior of the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve is equipped with polyurethane grout to protect the inside of the sleeve from air, making it waterproof, moisture-proof, and rust-proof.

[0029] Furthermore, the high-strength alloy steel bolts are fitted with reinforcing spiral hoops on the outside to strengthen the concrete load-bearing capacity of the component.

[0030] The top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt is provided with a bolt compression washer and a bolt leveling washer in sequence to distribute local stress and reduce stress concentration failure.

[0031] The bolt leveling pad is equipped with a high-strength leveling and fastening nut on top, which is used to apply torque to the high-strength bolts that have been initially tightened after installation, so as to achieve fine adjustment and supplement the preload.

[0032] The top of the high-strength flattening fastening nut is equipped with an anti-loosening fastening nut to ensure that the torque applied to the high-strength flattening fastening nut does not loosen and to maintain the fastening force.

[0033] Furthermore, a pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve is provided at the bottom of the lower precast concrete component. The pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve consists of a sleeve hole tongue and groove, a high-strength steel sleeve base plate, and a high-strength steel sleeve thread, which is used to fix the connector and anchor the upper and lower precast components tightly.

[0034] Furthermore, the nut top structure consists of an annular rubber sealing washer, an anti-loosening thread cap, a steel mounting hole sealing cap, a steel mounting hole sealing cap retainer ring, and polyurethane foam sealing filler.

[0035] Furthermore, the stress displacement patch sensor is arranged on the non-threaded surface of the high-strength alloy steel bolt and is connected to the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve through the threaded connection of the high-strength alloy steel bolt, so as to transfer the bolt force to the component cross section.

[0036] Optionally, the aforementioned high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly also includes:

[0037] Reinforcing spiral hoops are fitted on the outside of the high-strength alloy steel bolts to strengthen the concrete load-bearing capacity of the component.

[0038] The pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve is equipped with polyurethane grout to protect the inside of the sleeve from air, making it waterproof, moisture-proof and rust-proof.

[0039] The top nut tightening section that mates with the unthreaded steel section.

[0040] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening process for precast concrete dry assembly is also provided, comprising:

[0041] S1. Embed the stress displacement patch sensor in the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve and lead out the wiring, and install the polymer rubber sealing ring at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component to seal the joint and stop water.

[0042] S2. Insert the high-strength alloy steel bolts into the upper and lower precast concrete components, and tighten them to the preset height based on the annular rubber sealing gasket and the steel mounting hole cover ring.

[0043] S3. Using bolt leveling washers, high-strength leveling nuts, anti-loosening nuts, and anti-loosening thread caps, apply additional torque to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolts for secondary leveling and final tightening, in order to seal and cover the hand hole area after completion.

[0044] Furthermore, the stress displacement patch sensor is pre-embedded in the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve and the wiring is led out. A polymer rubber sealing ring is installed at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component to seal the joint and prevent water seepage.

[0045] S11. Based on the reserved space of the lower precast concrete components, a fixed-length stress displacement patch sensor is pasted and embedded into the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve.

[0046] S12. Lead the stress displacement patch sensor lead wire upward along the inner wall of the sleeve to complete the pre-embedding of the stress displacement patch sensor.

[0047] S13. Based on the position corresponding to the pre-embedded sleeve at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component, install a polymer rubber sealing ring to achieve sealing and water-stopping of the component joints;

[0048] S14. Based on the pre-embedded stress displacement patch sensor, the strain of the steel sleeve can be monitored in real time after the high-strength steel bolt system is constructed, and the stress and strain state of the high-strength alloy steel bolt and the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve can be fed back through data correlation.

[0049] S15. Based on the preset bolt stress-strain safety threshold and the measured detection value, the stress and deformation characteristics of the dry connection node of the precast concrete structure are reflected to provide detection and early warning values.

[0050] Furthermore, high-strength alloy steel bolts are inserted into the upper and lower precast concrete components, and tightened to a preset height using an annular rubber sealing washer and a steel mounting hole cap ring.

[0051] S21. Insert the high-strength alloy steel bolts into the embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeves of the upper and lower precast concrete components and tighten them to the preset fastening force.

[0052] S22. Based on the high-strength alloy steel bolts, annular rubber sealing gaskets, and steel mounting hole cover buckles, tighten them together to the preset height to complete the initial tightening.

[0053] Furthermore, by using bolt leveling washers, high-strength leveling nuts, anti-loosening nuts, and anti-loosening thread caps, additional torque is applied to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolts for secondary leveling and final tightening. This is followed by sealing and capping of the hand-hole area, including:

[0054] S31. Using bolt leveling washers and high-strength leveling nuts, additional torque is applied to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolts by tightening the nuts to perform secondary leveling and tightening.

[0055] S32. Install anti-loosening fastening nuts and anti-loosening thread caps to secure the high-strength alloy steel bolts to ensure the bolt heads are sealed.

[0056] S33. Seal and cover the handhole to ensure the integrity and sealing of the component connection.

[0057] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0058] (1) This invention employs a high-strength steel bolt system for rapid connection, which improves the efficiency of assembly and connection of precast concrete components compared to the traditional wet connection method. Under the same construction conditions, the traditional method usually requires 3-6 hours to complete the connection, while the connection system of this invention allows for the installation of a single high-strength steel bolt in just 5 minutes, thereby improving the connection efficiency. At the same time, the dry-connection high-strength steel bolt system requires only one worker to complete the installation during construction, compared to the wet connection method which requires multiple workers, thus reducing labor input and construction risks.

[0059] (2) The connection structure of the present invention avoids secondary concrete pouring, eliminating the need for concrete pouring, curing, and strength aging processes, thereby improving construction efficiency. The dry connection can be flexibly configured from single bolt connection to high-strength steel bolt group connection according to the force transmission design requirements of the component, meeting the force requirements of rigid connection, hinged connection, and semi-rigid connection nodes of the component. Unlike previous dry connection technologies, and based on the connection system meeting the force system of hinged connections, it can achieve a wider range of applications.

[0060] (3) The pre-embedded threaded sleeve of the present invention is pre-embedded during the pouring stage of precast concrete components. It has a simple structure, is easy to install, and is inexpensive. This design enables rapid connection during hoisting and installation. Through the double torque tightening function, it ensures the tight installation, compression, and leveling of the components, providing a reliable connection effect. This also realizes the disassembly and maintainability of the dry connection system, providing convenience for the later maintenance and disassembly of precast components.

[0061] (4) The high-strength alloy steel screw, coating, grouting and sealing materials used in this invention are all low-cost materials commonly used in the market, with good durability and easy processing and quality control, and have promotional value. The design of the straight screw system and the top-view operating manhole improves construction efficiency and installation accuracy. This system can not only optimize the lightweighting of the overall structure, but also realize the modular division of prefabricated components, making the prefabricated components smaller, which is convenient for manufacturing, transportation, hoisting and fine-tuning construction, and adapts to the development of prefabricated buildings towards small and lightweight structural components.

[0062] (5) This invention can significantly reduce engineering construction costs, improve construction efficiency, reduce the impact on the surrounding environment, ensure construction quality, and continuously perform the functions of the operating line. Attached Figure Description

[0063] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0064] Figure 1 This is an assembly drawing of a high-strength rigid connecting bolt according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 2 This is an assembly drawing of the high-strength rigid connecting bolt structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the polymer rubber sealing gasket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pre-embedded screw steel sleeve and the annular rubber sealing gasket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-strength alloy steel screw with threaded ends according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reinforced spiral stirrup according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 7 This is a partial structural diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the steel mounting hole sealing cover according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the steel mounting hole cover retainer ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 10 This is an example rendering of the appearance of the prefabricated lower component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 11 This is an example rendering of the appearance of the prefabricated upper component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of high-strength steel bolts according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 13 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the construction steps according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 14 This is the second schematic diagram of the construction steps according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] Figure 15 This is the third schematic diagram of the construction steps according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] Figure 16 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the construction steps according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening process for precast concrete dry assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] In the picture:

[0082] 1. Upper precast concrete component; 2. Lower precast concrete component; 3. Polymer rubber sealing ring; 4. Embedded steel pipe sleeve; 5. High-strength alloy steel bolt; 501. Lower coarse thread anchoring section; 502. Unthreaded steel section; 503. Top nut tightening section; 6. Reinforcing spiral stirrup; 7. Polyurethane grouting inside the sleeve; 8. Annular rubber sealing washer; 9. Bolt compression washer; 10. Bolt leveling washer; 11. High-strength leveling fastening nut; 12. Anti-loosening fastening nut; 13. Anti-loosening threaded section. 14. Pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve; 1401. Sleeve hole tongue and groove; 1402. High-strength steel sleeve base plate; 1403. High-strength steel sleeve threaded; 15. Steel mounting hole sealing cap; 1501. Sealing cap shell; 1502. Mounting threaded; 1503. Sealing cap hand-tightening; 16. Steel mounting hole sealing cap retaining ring; 1601. Sealing cap tongue and groove retaining ring; 1602. Sealing threaded inside the cap retaining ring; 17. Polyurethane foam sealing filler; 18. Stress displacement patch sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0083] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. These drawings are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these drawings, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system and process for precast concrete dry assembly are provided.

[0085] Example 1

[0086] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, such as... Figure 1As shown, a high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0087] Upper precast concrete component 1 and lower precast concrete component 2;

[0088] Specifically, the upper precast concrete component 1 and the lower precast concrete component 2 are respectively the upper precast concrete component to be assembled and connected and the lower precast concrete component that has been put into place and is to be assembled and connected.

[0089] The polymer rubber sealing ring 3 is set at the connection hole of the upper precast concrete component 1 and the lower precast concrete component 2 to tightly fit the connection bolt hole of the component.

[0090] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the polymer rubber sealing ring 3 is located at the reserved connection holes of the two precast concrete components to be assembled and connected. It tightly seals the bolt holes of the components, providing a waterproof and moisture-proof seal and improving the durability of the connecting bolt sleeves and reinforcing bolt assemblies.

[0091] The pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve 4 is symmetrically arranged inside the upper precast concrete component 1 and the lower precast concrete component 2 to accommodate and fix the bolts so as to realize the connection between the upper and lower components;

[0092] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the embedded steel pipe sleeve 4 has two structures: a steel internally threaded embedded sleeve and a steel circular embedded sleeve. The difference lies in the threading structure of the inner wall of the steel pipe and the configuration of the spiral reinforcing hoops added to the outside of the embedded pipe according to the stress requirements of the component. The configuration of the spiral reinforcing hoops is mainly determined by the cross-sectional dimensions of the component, the tightening torque of the connecting bolt assembly, and the actual stress on the component, and is designed based on the pre-set actual conditions.

[0093] High-strength alloy steel bolts 5 are installed inside the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve 4. They consist of a lower coarse thread anchoring section 501 and a non-threaded steel section 502, and are used for connection and anchoring between the upper precast concrete component 1 and the lower precast concrete component 2.

[0094] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the high-strength alloy steel bolts (5) have a diameter of not less than 25mm and are coated with a weather-resistant epoxy coating. This provides corrosion and rust protection, enhancing durability. For connections in secondary structures, this construction can be replaced with a petroleum jelly coating, lubricating oil coating, etc.

[0095] An annular rubber sealing gasket 8 is installed on the top of the upper precast concrete component 1 to protect the main load-bearing component of the entire connection relationship from water, moisture and air.

[0096] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the sealing and waterproofing structure for the top mounting holes of the high-strength steel bolt system reserved in the upper assembly component uses annular rubber sealing gaskets. This component has the advantages of being easy to replace periodically, low in cost, and simple to install. It serves to protect the main load-bearing components of the entire connection system from water and moisture, and provides a seal.

[0097] The anti-loosening thread cap 13 is installed on the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 to protect the top of the threaded rod from rust and corrosion.

[0098] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, the anti-loosening thread cap 13 is used to protect the top of the threaded screw from rust and corrosion, so as to facilitate the replacement of the nut later and improve the usability of the threaded screw head.

[0099] A steel mounting hole sealing cap 15 is installed on the top of the anti-loosening thread cap 13. It consists of a sealing cap shell 1501, a mounting thread 1502, and a sealing cap hand-tightening 1503, and is used for sealing.

[0100] Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, the top steel mounting hole sealing cap 15 of the entire installation system is used. This component is tightened by interlocking with the pre-embedded threads of the prefabricated component to achieve a sealing function. In later maintenance and replacement operations, the double-groove wrench on the top of this component can be rotated to open it, allowing for the maintenance or replacement of the internal components of the screw system.

[0101] A steel mounting hole cover locking ring 16 is set on the outer circumference of the steel mounting hole cover 15. It consists of a cover tongue and groove locking ring 1601 and a threaded ring 1602 inside the cover locking ring, and is used for the twisting and locking of the steel mounting hole cover 15.

[0102] Specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, the steel mounting hole sealing ring 16 is a pre-embedded structure for the twist-locking of the steel mounting hole sealing cover 15.

[0103] Polyurethane foam sealant 17 is filled between the steel mounting hole cap 15 and the steel mounting hole cap retaining ring 16 for sealing and isolation.

[0104] Specifically, the sealing filler 17, which is a polyurethane foam sealant, is reserved in the construction function manhole cavity at the connection system installation cover. It is used to form a sealing and isolation function, which can provide waterproofing, rust prevention, and corrosion prevention, improve the durability of the components, and facilitate future replacement and maintenance.

[0105] The top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 is provided with a bolt compression washer 9 and a bolt leveling washer 10 in sequence to distribute local stress and reduce stress concentration failure.

[0106] Specifically, such as Figure 7As shown, the extruded leveling steel pad is used within the threading range of the high-strength steel bolt. It adopts a double-layer pad structure. The bolt extrusion pad 9 is easy to install and level, while the bolt leveling pad 10 plays a role in distributing local stress and reducing stress concentration damage, and facilitates later replacement and maintenance.

[0107] The bolt leveling pad 10 is provided with a high-strength leveling fastening nut 11 on the top, which is used to apply torque to the high-strength bolt that has been installed and tightened for the first time, so as to achieve fine adjustment and supplement the preload.

[0108] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, the high-strength flattening fastening nut 11 is used to apply a secondary torque to the top of the initially tightened high-strength bolt, serving to fine-tune and supplement the preload. It is easy to maintain and replace.

[0109] The top of the high-strength flattening fastening nut 11 is provided with an anti-loosening fastening nut 12, which is used to ensure that the torque applied by the high-strength flattening fastening nut 11 does not loosen and to maintain the fastening force.

[0110] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, the anti-loosening fastening nut 12 is used to ensure that the torque applied by the high-strength flat fastening nut 11 does not loosen and to maintain the fastening force.

[0111] In this optional embodiment, a pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve 14 is provided at the bottom of the lower precast concrete component 2. The pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve 14 is composed of a sleeve hole tongue and groove 1401, a high-strength steel sleeve base plate 1402, and a high-strength steel sleeve thread 1403, which is used to fix the connector and anchor the upper and lower precast components tightly.

[0112] Specifically, the high-strength steel bar bolt connection system is embedded in the lower precast component, consisting of three parts: a sleeve hole tongue and groove joint 1401, a high-strength steel sleeve base plate 1402, and a high-strength steel sleeve threaded joint 1403. The sleeve hole tongue and groove joint 1401 is the steel ring gasket opening of the sleeve hole tongue and groove joint (flange) pre-embedded inside the precast component; the high-strength steel sleeve base plate 1402 is the sealing base plate at the bottom of the sleeve pre-embedded inside the precast component; and the high-strength steel sleeve threaded joint 1403 is the threaded sleeve body inside the high-strength steel sleeve. These three structures form the tensioning structure between the high-strength steel bolt and the lower precast component, used to fix the connector and anchor the upper and lower precast components tightly.

[0113] In this optional embodiment, the annular rubber sealing washer 8, the anti-loosening thread cap 13, the steel mounting hole sealing cap 15, the steel mounting hole sealing cap retainer 16, and the polyurethane foam sealing filler 17 constitute the nut top structure.

[0114] Specifically, the nut top structure consists of an annular rubber sealing washer 8, an anti-loosening thread cap 13, a steel mounting hole sealing cap 15, a steel mounting hole sealing cap retainer 16, and polyurethane foam sealing filler 17. This system can flatten and cover the hand holes of the installation bolts to achieve a smooth surface on the component, without affecting later use, and is characterized by being sealable, removable, and durable.

[0115] In this optional embodiment, the stress displacement patch sensor 18 is arranged on the non-threaded surface of the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 and is connected to the threaded part of the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve 4 through the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5, so as to transfer the bolt force to the component cross section.

[0116] Specifically, stress displacement patch sensors 18 are arranged on the non-threaded surface of the high-strength screw. They are used for long-term monitoring of stress changes in the connection system of important structures, providing data reference for maintenance and replacement. The patches can be wired or wireless, both suitable for installation. The connection systems described in this invention all require pre-embedded bolt sleeves within the precast concrete components. The differences lie in the connection location, the stress, and the setting of the threaded sleeves. By threading the high-strength steel bolts to the pre-embedded sleeves, the bolt force is transferred to the cross-section of the component, thus avoiding the traditional method where the bolt only applies compressive stress to the structural system through tension at the nut end. This reduces localized high stress at the nut tensioning end and minimizes localized pressure damage to the concrete at the end.

[0117] Specifically, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, this invention relates to a high-strength connecting bolt system for precast concrete structural components. The high-strength bolts can be tightened using a specific torque wrench. The bolts have threaded ends for initial installation and final torque leveling and locking. Both the bolts and the threaded sleeves are equipped with sealing and weather-resistant devices to ensure the system's waterproof, rust-proof, dustproof, and temperature-resistant durability. The installation nut tightening end has a specially designed manhole that provides a smooth surface for exposed concrete structures and interior finishes, preventing bolt head exposure. This protects the high-strength bolt ends from corrosion, rust, and weathering, while also facilitating construction and future maintenance. The system features rapid installation and disassembly for easy maintenance, replacement, and repair.

[0118] Example 2

[0119] like Figure 2 As shown, this is a structural schematic diagram of a high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment of the high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly is based on Embodiment 1:

[0120] It also includes a reinforcing spiral stirrup 6 fitted on the outside of the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 to strengthen the concrete load-bearing capacity of the component;

[0121] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the reinforcing spiral stirrups, designed based on the actual conditions of the precast components and pre-set data, are located around the high-strength bolt embedded pipes of the upper components to be connected, serving to strengthen the concrete load-bearing capacity of the components.

[0122] A polyurethane grouting 7 is installed inside the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve 4 to protect the sleeve from air, waterproofing, moisture-proofing and rust prevention.

[0123] Specifically, the polyurethane grout 7 injected into the inside of the high-strength bolt sleeve protects the sleeve from air, providing waterproofing, moisture-proofing, and rust prevention, thus improving the durability of the connection system. This grout can be applied before or after the high-strength bolt is inserted and tightened, followed by bolt tightening to ensure a tight seal.

[0124] The top nut tightening section 503, which mates with the unthreaded steel section 502, is used to fix the unthreaded steel section 502.

[0125] like Figures 12-17 As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening process for precast concrete dry assembly is also provided, comprising:

[0126] Step S1: Embed the stress displacement patch sensor 18 into the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve 14 and lead out the wiring, and install the polymer rubber sealing ring 3 at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component 1 to seal the joint and stop water.

[0127] In this optional embodiment, the stress displacement patch sensor 18 is pre-embedded in the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve 14 and led out with wiring. The polymer rubber sealing ring 3 installed at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component 1 is used to seal the joint and stop water leakage.

[0128] S11. Based on the reserved space of the lower precast concrete component 2, a fixed-length stress displacement patch sensor 18 is pasted and embedded into the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve 14.

[0129] S12. Lead the stress displacement patch sensor 18 upward along the inner wall of the sleeve to complete the pre-embedding of the stress displacement patch sensor 18.

[0130] S13. Based on the position corresponding to the pre-embedded sleeve at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component 1, install a polymer rubber sealing ring 3 to achieve sealing and water-stopping of the component joints.

[0131] S14. Based on the pre-embedded stress displacement patch sensor 18, the strain of the steel sleeve can be monitored in real time after the construction of the high-strength steel bolt system is completed, and the stress and strain state of the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 and the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve 14 can be fed back through data correlation.

[0132] S15. Based on the preset bolt stress-strain safety threshold and the measured detection value, the stress and deformation characteristics of the dry connection node of the precast concrete structure are reflected to provide detection and early warning values.

[0133] Specifically, before the precast components to be assembled are connected and installed, a pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve 14 is made in the lower component, and a stress displacement sensor 18 is installed. This is a steel sleeve strain gauge, constructed by pasting and embedding a fixed-length strain gauge into the inner wall of the sleeve. After the high-strength steel bolt system is completed, the strain of the steel sleeve can be measured through the strain gauge. Data correlation can then be used to provide feedback on the stress and strain between the bolt and the sleeve at that point. During the usage phase, by setting the expected bolt stress and strain safety threshold and the measured values, the stress and deformation characteristics of the dry connection nodes of the precast concrete structure can be reflected at any time, and early warning values ​​can be provided. This facilitates operation and maintenance management during the operational phase, improves the safety of component connections, and provides data for later maintenance, disassembly, and repair. The stress displacement sensor 18 is installed in the pre-embedded sleeve on one side of the end to be tightened of the connected component. The sensor lead wire is led upwards along the inner wall of the sleeve to the terminal, thus completing the pre-embedding of the sensor. Install polymer rubber sealing rings 3 at the joints of the components to ensure proper sealing and waterproofing between the components.

[0134] Step S2: Insert the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 into the upper precast concrete component 1 and the lower precast concrete component 2, and tighten the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 to the preset height based on the annular rubber sealing gasket 8 and the steel mounting hole cover buckle ring 16.

[0135] In this optional embodiment, inserting the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 into the upper precast concrete component 1 and the lower precast concrete component 2, and tightening the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 to a preset height based on the annular rubber sealing washer 8 and the steel mounting hole cover retainer ring 16 includes:

[0136] S21. Insert the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 into the embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve 14 of the upper precast concrete component 1 and the lower precast concrete component 2, and tighten it to the preset fastening force.

[0137] S22. Based on the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5, the annular rubber sealing washer 8 and the steel mounting hole cover retainer ring 16, tighten them together to the preset height to complete the initial tightening.

[0138] Specifically, the prefabricated components to be assembled are hoisted and installed in place, high-strength alloy steel bolts 5 are inserted and tightened to create a tight fit between the two components. A sealing device consisting of an annular rubber sealing washer 8 on the top of the reinforcing bar bolt and a steel mounting hole cap ring 16 is installed. The high-strength alloy steel bolts 5 are then tightened to the preset height.

[0139] Step S3: Using the bolt leveling shim 10, high-strength leveling fastening nut 11, anti-loosening fastening nut 12 and anti-loosening thread cap 13, apply additional torque to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 for secondary leveling and final tightening, so as to seal and cover the hand hole after completion.

[0140] In this optional embodiment, using the bolt leveling washer 10, high-strength leveling fastening nut 11, anti-loosening fastening nut 12, and anti-loosening thread cap 13, additional torque is applied to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 for secondary leveling and final tightening. After completion, the sealing and capping treatment of the hand hole includes:

[0141] S31. Using the bolt leveling shim 10 and the high-strength leveling fastening nut 11, additional torque is applied to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 by tightening the nut to perform secondary leveling and fastening.

[0142] S32. Install the anti-loosening fastening nut 12 and the anti-loosening thread cap 13 to fix the high-strength alloy steel bolt 5 to ensure the bolt head is sealed.

[0143] S33. Seal and cover the handhole to ensure the integrity and sealing of the component connection.

[0144] Specifically, after the two prefabricated components are initially secured with high-strength alloy steel bolts 5, bolt leveling washers 10, high-strength leveling nuts 11, anti-loosening nuts 12, and anti-loosening thread caps 13 are installed. This step involves applying additional torque to the top of the high-strength steel bolts for secondary leveling and tightening. The handholes are then sealed and covered.

[0145] Specifically, the dry connection technology system of this invention can solve the construction technology problems caused by existing similar engineering component connection technologies, such as environmental impact, excessively long construction period, and increased costs. Simultaneously, the novel dry connection technology and construction process enable rapid installation and connection of component joints in precast concrete assembly structures. Through a special connecting bolt technology and construction process, component connections can be completed quickly, shortening the assembly construction period, reducing the impact of the assembly process on the surrounding environment, further optimizing the construction cost of precast component joint assembly and fabrication, and at the same time, enabling the precast structure to have a detachable function, facilitating the realization of structural system innovation, optimization, replacement, maintenance, and upgrading.

[0146] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "setting," "connection," "fixing," "screw connection," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Unless otherwise explicitly limited, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0147] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly, characterized in that, include: Upper precast concrete component (1) and lower precast concrete component (2); A polymer rubber sealing ring (3) is provided at the connection hole of the upper precast concrete component (1) and the lower precast concrete component (2) to tightly fit the connection bolt hole of the component; Pre-embedded steel pipe sleeves (4) are symmetrically arranged inside the upper precast concrete component (1) and the lower precast concrete component (2) to accommodate and fix bolts so as to realize the connection between the upper and lower components; High-strength alloy steel bolts (5) are installed inside the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve (4), consisting of a lower coarse thread anchoring section (501) and a non-threaded steel section (502), and are used for connection and anchoring between the upper precast concrete component (1) and the lower precast concrete component (2). An annular rubber sealing gasket (8) is placed on the top of the upper precast concrete component (1) to protect the main load-bearing component of the entire connection relationship from water, moisture and air. The anti-loosening thread cap (13) is set on the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) to protect the top of the threaded rod from rust and corrosion; A steel mounting hole sealing cap (15) is installed on the top of the anti-loosening thread cap (13). It consists of a sealing cap shell (1501), a mounting thread (1502), and a sealing cap hand-tightening (1503) and is used for sealing. A steel mounting hole sealing ring (16) is provided on the outer circumference of the steel mounting hole sealing cover (15). It consists of a sealing ring tongue and groove (1601) and a threaded ring (1602) inside the sealing ring. It is used for the twisting and locking of the steel mounting hole sealing cover (15). A polyurethane foam sealing filler (17) is filled between the steel mounting hole cap (15) and the steel mounting hole cap retainer ring (16) for sealing and isolation.

2. The high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) is provided with a bolt compression washer (9) and a bolt leveling washer (10) in sequence to distribute local stress and reduce stress concentration damage; The bolt leveling pad (10) is provided with a high-strength leveling fastening nut (11) on the top, which is used to apply torque to the high-strength bolt that has been installed and tightened for the first time, so as to achieve fine adjustment and supplement the preload. The top of the high-strength flattening fastening nut (11) is provided with an anti-loosening fastening nut (12) to ensure that the torque applied by the high-strength flattening fastening nut (11) does not loosen and to maintain the fastening force.

3. The high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the lower precast concrete component (2) is provided with a pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve (14), and the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve (14) is composed of a sleeve hole tongue and groove (1401), a high-strength steel sleeve bottom plate (1402) and a high-strength steel sleeve thread (1403), which is used to fix the connecting parts and anchor the upper and lower precast components tightly.

4. The high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular rubber sealing gasket (8), the anti-loosening thread cap (13), the steel mounting hole sealing cap (15), the steel mounting hole sealing cap snap ring (16), and the polyurethane foam sealing filler (17) constitute the nut top structure.

5. A high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, stress The displacement patch sensor (18) is arranged on the non-threaded surface of the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) and is connected to the threaded part of the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve (4) through the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) for transmitting the bolt force to the component section.

6. The high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A reinforcing spiral stirrup (6) is fitted on the outside of the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) to strengthen the concrete load-bearing capacity of the component; A polyurethane grout (7) is installed inside the pre-embedded steel pipe sleeve (4) to protect the sleeve from air, making it waterproof, moisture-proof and rust-proof. Top nut tightening section (503) that mates with unthreaded steel section (502).

7. A high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening process for precast concrete dry assembly, realizing the preparation of the high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening system for precast concrete dry assembly as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: S1. The stress displacement patch sensor (18) is pre-embedded in the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve (14) and wires are led out. The polymer rubber sealing ring (3) installed at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component (1) is used to seal the joint and stop water. S2. Insert the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) into the upper precast concrete component (1) and the lower precast concrete component (2), and tighten the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) to the preset height based on the annular rubber sealing gasket (8) and the steel mounting hole cover buckle ring (16); S3. Using the bolt leveling pad (10), the high-strength leveling fastening nut (11), the anti-loosening fastening nut (12), and the anti-loosening thread cap (13), apply additional torque to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) for secondary leveling and final tightening, so as to seal and cover the hand hole after completion.

8. The high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening process for precast concrete dry assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of pre-embedding the stress displacement patch sensor (18) in the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve (14) and leading out the wiring, and installing the polymer rubber sealing ring (3) at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component (1) to seal the joint and stop water leakage includes: S11. Based on the reserved space of the lower precast concrete component (2), the stress displacement patch sensor (18) of a fixed length is pasted and embedded into the inner wall of the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve (14). S12. Lead the stress displacement patch sensor (18) lead out the terminal along the inner wall of the sleeve to complete the pre-embedding of the stress displacement patch sensor (18); S13. Based on the position corresponding to the pre-embedded sleeve at the bottom of the upper precast concrete component (1), install the polymer rubber sealing ring (3) to achieve sealing and water-stopping of the component joint; S14. According to the pre-embedded stress displacement patch sensor (18), the strain of the steel sleeve can be monitored in real time after the high-strength steel bolt system is constructed, and the stress and strain state of the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) and the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve (14) can be fed back through data correlation. S15. Based on the preset bolt stress-strain safety threshold and the measured detection value, the stress and deformation characteristics of the dry connection node of the precast concrete structure are reflected to provide detection and early warning values.

9. The high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening process for precast concrete dry assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of inserting the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) into the upper precast concrete component (1) and the lower precast concrete component (2), and tightening the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) to a preset height based on the annular rubber sealing gasket (8) and the steel mounting hole cover buckle ring (16) includes: S21. Insert the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) into the pre-embedded high-strength steel threaded sleeve (14) of the upper precast concrete component (1) and the lower precast concrete component (2), and tighten it to the preset fastening force. S22. Based on the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5), the annular rubber sealing gasket (8), and the steel mounting hole cover buckle ring (16), tighten them together to the preset height to complete the initial tightening.

10. The high-strength steel bolt connection and fastening process for precast concrete dry assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of applying additional torque to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) using the bolt leveling washer (10), the high-strength leveling fastening nut (11), the anti-loosening fastening nut (12), and the anti-loosening thread cap (13) for secondary leveling and final tightening, and then sealing and covering the hand hole, includes: S31. Using the bolt leveling pad (10) and the high-strength leveling fastening nut (11), apply additional torque to the top of the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) by tightening the nut to perform secondary leveling and fastening; S32. Install the anti-loosening fastening nut (12) and the anti-loosening thread cap (13) to fix the high-strength alloy steel bolt (5) to ensure that the bolt head is sealed; S33. Seal and cover the handhole to ensure the integrity and sealing of the component connection.

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