On-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of on-load tap-changers, and discloses an on-load tap-changer with an energy storage compensation mechanism, and the on-load tap-changer comprises a switching mechanism which is used for changing the switching angle of a switching shaft under the action of external force; and the energy storage compensation mechanism is used for impacting the switching mechanism so as to compensate the deviation value between the switching angle of the switching shaft and the target angle. According to the invention, the deviation value between the switching angle of the switching shaft and the target angle can be compensated in time, and the energy storage compensation mechanism can instantly and quickly respond to impact the switching mechanism, so that the instantaneity of compensation is ensured, and the on-load tap-changer can continuously and effectively operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of on-load tap changer technology, and more specifically, to an on-load tap changer with an energy storage compensation mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] An on-load tap changer is a voltage regulating device used in power transformers. It can regulate the output voltage under load conditions without interrupting the load current. The basic principle of an on-load tap changer is to ensure the continuity of current during switching and prevent short circuits between taps. At the moment of switching, the two taps are connected simultaneously, and the circulating current is limited by the transition impedance to ensure the continuity of the load current.

[0003] In a typical on-load tap changer, when the switching mechanism is energized, the energy storage mechanism releases energy to drive the switching mechanism. Before switching, the selection mechanism moves to the next contact to be connected when it is de-energized. When the switching angle of the switching shaft is less than the normal operating angle, the energy of the on-load tap changer's energy storage mechanism is not fully released, and the switching and selection mechanisms do not operate completely, resulting in operational deviations that may cause the switch to lose power.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an on-load tap changer with an energy storage compensation mechanism to at least partially solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The summary section introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. The summary section of this invention is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0006] To at least partially solve the above problems, the present invention provides an on-load tap changer with an energy storage compensation mechanism, comprising: A switching mechanism is used to change the switching angle of the switching shaft under the action of external force. The energy storage compensation mechanism is used to impact the switching mechanism to compensate for the deviation between the switching angle and the target angle of the switching shaft.

[0007] Preferably, the switching mechanism includes: A bushing is located on the outside of the switching shaft and is detachably connected to the switching shaft. At least two impact blocks are provided on the outside of the bushing, and the two impact blocks are arranged at 180 degrees radially on the bushing.

[0008] Preferably, the impact surfaces of the two impact blocks arranged radially at 180 degrees on the bushing are located on the same side.

[0009] Preferably, the number of energy storage compensation mechanisms corresponds to the number of impact blocks; the energy storage compensation mechanism includes: Mounting plate, used to connect to the surface to be mounted; An electromagnet is disposed inside a fixed cylinder, which is mounted on a mounting plate. The push rod is slidably set inside the fixed cylinder. One end of the push rod is equipped with a permanent magnet, and this end is connected to the electromagnet through an elastic element. The other end of the push rod is used to impact the impact surface of the impact block.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes: The monitoring module is used to monitor the switching angle of the switching axis; The compensation module is used to determine the compensation strategy based on the deviation between the switching angle of the switching axis and the target angle. The execution module is used to send control commands to the energy storage compensation agency according to the compensation strategy.

[0011] Preferably, the compensation module includes: The fault determination unit is used to determine whether the switching angle of the switching axis deviates from the target angle; The strategy formulation unit is used to calculate the deviation value when there is a deviation between the switching angle and the target angle, and to determine the control parameters of the electromagnet based on the deviation value. The direction determination unit is used to determine the energy storage compensation mechanism that needs to be activated based on the preset rotation direction of the switching shaft. The control parameters and the energy storage compensation mechanism that needs to be activated are the determined compensation strategies.

[0012] Preferably, in the strategy formulation unit, determining the control parameters of the electromagnet based on the deviation value includes: A compensation database is pre-established, which stores control parameters corresponding to different deviation values.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes: an optimization module for updating and optimizing the control parameters in the compensation database; which includes: The recording unit is used to record the deviation between the switching angle and the target angle, the control parameters of the electromagnet, and the remaining deviation between the switching angle and the target angle after compensation each time a compensation event occurs. The evaluation unit is used to evaluate the compensation effect based on the remaining deviation between the compensated switching angle and the target angle. The data update unit generates suggested control parameters corresponding to the deviation value based on the compensation effect, obtains new control parameters based on the suggested control parameters, and updates the control parameters corresponding to the deviation value in the compensation database using the new control parameters.

[0014] Preferably, the elastic element is a compression spring, and a pressure sensor is provided between the push rod and the permanent magnet. The pressure sensor is used to detect the force exerted by the elastic element on the push rod. By controlling the electromagnet and adjusting the attraction force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet based on the detection results of the pressure sensor, the force exerted by the elastic element on the push rod can be compensated.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes: The aging compensation module is used to obtain the aging factor of the switching mechanism based on the number of operations, and then compensate the control parameters of the electromagnet based on the aging factor, and use the compensated control parameters to control the electromagnet. The number of operations refers to the number of times the switching mechanism is impacted.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism described in this invention can promptly compensate for the deviation between the switching angle and the target angle of the switching shaft. The energy storage compensation mechanism can respond instantly and quickly to impact the switching mechanism, ensuring the immediacy of compensation and enabling the on-load tap changer to operate continuously and effectively.

[0017] The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism described in this invention, other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be partly apparent from the following description, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the switching mechanism in the on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism described in this invention. Figure 3 This is a side view of the switching mechanism and the energy storage compensation mechanism in the on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism described in this invention. Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the switching mechanism and the energy storage compensation mechanism in the on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism described in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the energy storage compensation mechanism in the on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism described in this invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the energy storage compensation mechanism in the on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0020] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0021] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides an on-load tap changer with an energy storage compensation mechanism, comprising: The switching mechanism is used to change the switching angle of the switching shaft 1 under the action of external force; The energy storage compensation mechanism is used to impact the switching mechanism to compensate for the deviation between the switching angle and the target angle of the switching shaft 1.

[0022] When the switching angle of switching shaft 1 is less than the normal operating angle, that is, when there is a deviation between the switching angle and the target angle, the energy storage compensation mechanism impacts the switching mechanism, and the switching mechanism drives the switching shaft 1 to rotate, thereby rotating the switching shaft 1 by a certain angle so that the switching angle meets the target angle, in order to compensate for the operating deviation between the switching mechanism and the selection mechanism, and maintain the continuous and effective operation of the on-load tap changer. After the compensation is completed, the energy storage compensation mechanism retracts, and the on-load tap changer continues to operate.

[0023] Through the above design, the deviation between the switching angle and the target angle of the switching shaft can be compensated in a timely manner. The energy storage compensation mechanism can respond instantly and quickly to impact the switching mechanism, ensuring the immediacy of compensation and enabling the on-load tap changer to operate continuously and effectively.

[0024] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the switching mechanism includes: Bushing 2 is located on the outside of switching shaft 1 and is detachably connected to switching shaft 1; At least two impact blocks 3 are provided on the outside of the bushing 2, and the two impact blocks 3 are arranged at 180 degrees in the radial direction of the bushing 2.

[0025] The bushing 2 is clearance-fitted with the switching shaft 1. Before being fixed to the switching shaft 1, the bushing 2 can rotate at any angle. The switching shaft 1 is provided with a positioning hole, and the bushing 2 is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the positioning pin hole. After adjusting the position of the impact block 3, the screw is screwed into the threaded hole and then inserted into the positioning hole to position and lock the bushing 2 and the switching shaft 1, realizing the adjustable phase installation of the switching shaft 1 and the bushing 2, which is convenient for operators to operate and adjust at any time according to the actual situation.

[0026] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the impact surfaces of the two impact blocks 3 arranged radially at 180 degrees on the bushing 2 are located on the same side.

[0027] When there are two impact blocks 3, the two impact blocks 3 are arranged at 180 degrees, and the impact surface of the impact block 3 receives the impact of the energy storage compensation mechanism.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the number of energy storage compensation mechanisms corresponds to the number of impact blocks 3; like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the energy storage compensation mechanism includes: Mounting plate 4 is used to connect to the surface to be installed. An electromagnet 5 is installed inside a fixed cylinder 6, which is mounted on a mounting plate 4. The push rod 7 is slidably set inside the fixed cylinder 6. One end of the push rod 7 is provided with a permanent magnet 8, and this end is connected to the electromagnet 5 through an elastic element 9. The other end of the push rod 7 is used to impact the impact surface of the impact block 3.

[0029] Each impact block 3 is equipped with a corresponding energy storage compensation mechanism. When a fault occurs in the clockwise rotation of the switching shaft, the energy storage compensation mechanism below is activated to compensate. Figure 3 (as shown below) When a fault occurs when rotating counterclockwise after switching, the upper energy storage compensation mechanism is activated to compensate. The two energy storage compensation mechanisms are arranged on the same side, which can save the internal installation space of the on-load tap changer. Mounting plate 4 is used to install the energy storage compensation mechanism inside the on-load tap changer. Fixed cylinder 6 is fixed on mounting plate 4. Electromagnet 5 is set inside fixed cylinder 6. When electromagnet 5 is energized, it can generate adsorption and repulsion forces on permanent magnet 8. When the elastic element 9 is a tension spring, the electromagnet 5 generates a repulsive force on the permanent magnet 8 after being energized, which can instantly push the push rod 7 out so that it impacts the impact block 3. When the electromagnet 5 is de-energized, the elastic restoring force of the elastic element 9 can pull the push rod 7 and the permanent magnet 8 back, and the push rod 7 will retract into the fixed cylinder 6. When the elastic element 9 is a compression spring, the electromagnet 5 generates an attractive force on the permanent magnet 8 after being energized, keeping the push rod 7 inside the fixed cylinder 6. The elastic element 9 is compressed and stores energy. When the electromagnet 5 is de-energized or when the electromagnet 5 generates a repulsive force on the permanent magnet 8, the push rod 7 will be pushed out instantaneously by the elastic restoring force of the elastic element 9 (or by the resultant force of the elastic restoring force and the repulsive force), impacting the impact block 3. Then, when the electromagnet 5 generates an attractive force on the permanent magnet 8 again, the push rod 7 will retract into the fixed cylinder 6.

[0030] In one embodiment, it also includes: The monitoring module is used to monitor the switching angle of switching axis 1; The compensation module is used to determine the compensation strategy based on the deviation between the switching angle of switching axis 1 and the target angle. The execution module is used to send control commands to the energy storage compensation agency according to the compensation strategy.

[0031] The monitoring module can be an absolute encoder, which can directly output the absolute angle value of the switching shaft 1 relative to the zero position; or a high-precision potentiometer, which can convert the rotation angle into a resistance or voltage signal; the monitoring module can provide real-time feedback on the actual angular position of the switching shaft 1. The compensation module can determine the compensation strategy based on the deviation value and the rotation direction of the switching shaft 1. The compensation strategy includes the selection of the energy storage compensation mechanism and the selection of the control parameters of the corresponding electromagnet 5. Then, the execution module sends control commands to make the corresponding energy storage compensation mechanism act.

[0032] Furthermore, the compensation module includes: The fault determination unit is used to determine whether the switching angle of the switching axis 1 deviates from the target angle; The strategy formulation unit is used to calculate the deviation value when there is a deviation between the switching angle and the target angle, and to determine the control parameters of the electromagnet 5 based on the deviation value; wherein, the control parameters include the energizing time and / or the energizing current; The direction determination unit is used to determine the energy storage compensation mechanism that needs to be activated based on the preset rotation direction of the switching shaft 1. The control parameters and the energy storage compensation mechanism that needs to be activated are the determined compensation strategies.

[0033] For example, if the actual switching angle of switching shaft 1 is a 60-degree clockwise rotation, while the target angle is a 90-degree clockwise rotation, then the switching angle of switching shaft 1 is less than the target angle, with a deviation of 30 degrees. Therefore, the strategy formulation unit needs to determine the control parameters of electromagnet 5 based on this deviation, and the direction determination unit needs to determine the energy storage compensation mechanism to be activated based on the preset rotation direction of switching shaft 1. Figure 3If the direction is clockwise as shown, the energy storage compensation mechanism below needs to be activated.

[0034] In one embodiment, the strategy formulation unit determines the control parameters of the electromagnet 5 based on the deviation value, including: A compensation database is pre-established, which stores control parameters corresponding to different deviation values.

[0035] The compensation database can be an empirical data table that stores the optimal energizing time and current of electromagnet 5 required for different deviation values ​​under different target angles. The compensation database can be established and optimized through multiple previous experiments and a large amount of test data. It can also be optimized based on historical compensation records. By using the deviation values ​​of the switching angle and the target angle, the optimal energizing time and current of electromagnet 5 required for the corresponding target angle deviation value can be found in the compensation database. Then, the electromagnet 5 can be controlled using the found control parameters to achieve rotational compensation of the switching shaft 1.

[0036] In one embodiment, it further includes: an optimization module, used to update and optimize the control parameters in the compensation database; which includes: The recording unit is used to record the deviation between the switching angle and the target angle, the control parameters of the electromagnet 5, and the remaining deviation between the switching angle and the target angle after compensation each time a compensation event occurs. The evaluation unit is used to evaluate the compensation effect based on the remaining deviation between the compensated switching angle and the target angle. The data update unit generates suggested control parameters corresponding to the deviation value based on the compensation effect, obtains new control parameters based on the suggested control parameters, and updates the control parameters corresponding to the deviation value in the compensation database using the new control parameters.

[0037] This embodiment adds optimizations based on the aforementioned embodiment. When a compensation event occurs (a deviation between the switching angle and the target angle), the energy storage compensation mechanism is controlled in real time using the methods described in the aforementioned embodiment to compensate for the deviation in the switching angle. At the same time, the recording unit in this embodiment records the data of the compensation process, the evaluation unit obtains the compensation effect, and the data update unit updates the control parameters in the compensation database based on the compensation effect, thereby optimizing the control parameters in the compensation database.

[0038] Specifically, the evaluation unit can pre-establish a three-level evaluation system. For example, when the absolute value of the residual deviation is less than or equal to 0.1 degrees, it is evaluated as the first level; when the absolute value of the residual deviation is greater than 0.1 degrees and less than or equal to 0.3 degrees, it is evaluated as the second level; and when the absolute value of the residual deviation is greater than 0.3 degrees or when a second compensation occurs (the switching shaft 1 did not rotate to the correct position after the first compensation, thus a second compensation was performed), it is evaluated as the third level. The weight of the first level is 1, the weight of the second level is 0.7, and the weight of the third level is 0.3. The data update unit generates suggested control parameters corresponding to the deviation value based on the compensation effect. Specifically, if the compensation effect assessment is at level one, the suggested control parameters are the same as those in the compensation database and do not need to be updated; if the compensation effect assessment is at level two or three, the suggested control parameters... The calculation formula is: ,in The control parameters used for electromagnet 5 in this compensation event are as follows. This is the learning rate coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.02 to 0.05. The remaining deviation is then used to calculate new control parameters based on the level of compensation effectiveness. The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, The historical cumulative weights corresponding to all compensation effects for the current deviation value. This refers to the weight corresponding to the compensation effect. For example, if the current deviation value is 10 degrees, the recording unit records the weights of all compensation effects corresponding to the deviation value of 10 degrees. For example, if 5 times are recorded, and the weight of each of the 5 compensation effects is 1, then its historical cumulative weight is 5. Assuming that the level of the compensation effect for this deviation value is the second level, then the weight corresponding to this compensation effect is 0.7. The new control parameters can be calculated using the above formula. The new control parameters are used to replace the control parameters corresponding to this deviation value in the compensation database, thereby realizing real-time updates to the data in the compensation database to ensure the compensation effect.

[0039] The control parameter involved in the formula is a certain control parameter related to the control of electromagnet 5, such as energizing time or energizing current. If multiple control parameters are required, the different control parameters are substituted into the formula for calculation.

[0040] like Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the elastic element 9 is a compression spring, and a pressure sensor 10 is provided between the push rod 7 and the permanent magnet 8. The pressure sensor 10 is used to detect the force exerted by the elastic element 9 on the push rod 7. By controlling the electromagnet 5 and based on the detection results of the pressure sensor 10, the attraction force formed by the electromagnet 5 on the permanent magnet 8 is changed, thereby compensating for the force formed by the elastic element 9 on the push rod 7.

[0041] The pressure sensor 10 can monitor the force exerted by the elastic element 9 on the push rod 7 in real time. If the elastic element 9 weakens after a period of use, the compression length of the elastic element 9 can be increased by increasing the attraction force of the electromagnet 5 on the permanent magnet 8 to form a compensation effect, thereby ensuring that the push rod 7 can effectively impact the impact block 3 and compensate in one go.

[0042] In one embodiment, it also includes: The aging compensation module is used to obtain the aging factor of the switching mechanism based on the number of operations, and then compensate the control parameters of electromagnet 5 based on the aging factor, and use the compensated control parameters to control electromagnet 5. The number of operations refers to the number of times the switching mechanism is impacted.

[0043] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, in order to further improve the compensation effect, this invention considers that the mechanical wear of on-load tap changers used for a long time will affect the compensation effect. Therefore, an aging compensation module is used to compensate the determined control parameters again to ensure the compensation effect. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ,in, To control the aging compensation amount of the parameters. It is an aging factor; ,in The number of operations is calculated; the aging compensation amount of the obtained control parameters is calculated, the control parameters selected from the compensation database are compensated, and the electromagnet 5 is controlled again based on the compensated control parameters.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0045] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An on-load tap changer with an energy storage compensation mechanism, characterized in that, include: The switching mechanism is used to change the switching angle of the switching shaft (1) under the action of external force; The energy storage compensation mechanism is used to impact the switching mechanism to compensate for the deviation between the switching angle and the target angle of the switching shaft (1).

2. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching mechanism includes: The bushing (2) is located on the outside of the switching shaft (1) and is detachably connected to the switching shaft (1); At least two impact blocks (3) are provided on the outside of the bushing (2), and the two impact blocks (3) are arranged at 180 degrees in the radial direction of the bushing (2).

3. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The impact surfaces of the two impact blocks (3) arranged radially at 180 degrees on the bushing (2) are located on the same side.

4. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of energy storage compensation mechanisms corresponds to the number of impact blocks (3); the energy storage compensation mechanism includes: Mounting plate (4) is used to connect to the surface to be installed; An electromagnet (5) is installed inside a fixed cylinder (6), which is mounted on a mounting plate (4); The push rod (7) is slidably set inside the fixed cylinder (6). One end of the push rod (7) is provided with a permanent magnet (8), and this end is connected to the electromagnet (5) through an elastic element (9). The other end of the push rod (7) is used to impact the impact surface of the impact block (3).

5. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The monitoring module is used to monitor the switching angle of the switching axis (1); The compensation module is used to determine the compensation strategy based on the deviation between the switching angle of the switching axis (1) and the target angle. The execution module is used to send control commands to the energy storage compensation agency according to the compensation strategy.

6. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The compensation module includes: The fault determination unit is used to determine whether the switching angle of the switching axis (1) deviates from the target angle; The strategy formulation unit is used to calculate the deviation value when there is a deviation between the switching angle and the target angle, and to determine the control parameters of the electromagnet (5) based on the deviation value. The direction determination unit is used to determine the energy storage compensation mechanism to be activated based on the preset rotation direction of the switching shaft (1). The control parameters and the energy storage compensation mechanism that needs to be activated are the determined compensation strategies.

7. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the strategy formulation unit, the control parameters of the electromagnet (5) are determined based on the deviation value, including: A compensation database is pre-established, which stores control parameters corresponding to different deviation values.

8. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: The optimization module is used to update and optimize the control parameters in the compensation database; It includes: The recording unit is used to record the deviation between the switching angle and the target angle, the control parameters of the electromagnet (5), and the remaining deviation between the compensated switching angle and the target angle each time a compensation event occurs. The evaluation unit is used to evaluate the compensation effect based on the remaining deviation between the compensated switching angle and the target angle. The data update unit generates suggested control parameters corresponding to the deviation value based on the compensation effect, obtains new control parameters based on the suggested control parameters, and updates the control parameters corresponding to the deviation value in the compensation database using the new control parameters.

9. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic element (9) is a compression spring, and a pressure sensor (10) is provided between the push rod (7) and the permanent magnet (8). The pressure sensor (10) is used to detect the force exerted by the elastic element (9) on the push rod (7). By controlling the electromagnet (5), the adsorption force formed by the electromagnet (5) on the permanent magnet (8) is changed according to the detection result of the pressure sensor (10), thereby compensating for the force formed by the elastic element (9) on the push rod (7).

10. The on-load tap changer with energy storage compensation mechanism according to claim 5 or 9, characterized in that, Also includes: The aging compensation module is used to obtain the aging factor of the switching mechanism based on the number of operations, and then compensate the control parameters of the electromagnet (5) based on the aging factor, and use the compensated control parameters to control the electromagnet (5). The number of operations refers to the number of times the switching mechanism is impacted.

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