Communication interaction system of lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for distribution network terminal

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of communication interaction of a backup power supply of a distribution network terminal, and discloses a communication interaction system of a backup power supply of a lithium iron phosphate battery for the distribution network terminal. Adjusting the power supply voltage of the main power supply to realize that the particle activity index is stably located in a set activity interval; predicting the power-off and power-on probability and frequency in the observation duration, estimating the initialization electric energy of single-time power-off and power-on of the distribution network terminal, and judging whether the backup power supply supports independent power supply for the distribution network terminal or not; the stability of the batteries is judged in combination with particle activity indexes, and the participation state and distribution current of each battery are output; and according to parameters output by the steady state judgment and participation evaluation module, a plurality of batteries for supplying power to the distribution network terminal are screened in combination with particle activity indexes and historical start-stop times, and activation micro-current is set for maintaining the particle activity of the batteries which do not participate in power supply, regulating and controlling the particle activity of a backup power supply and guaranteeing stable power supply of the distribution network terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication and interaction technology for backup power supplies in distribution network terminals, specifically to a communication and interaction system for backup power supplies using lithium iron phosphate batteries in distribution network terminals. Background Technology

[0002] As an information acquisition and communication node in the power system, the distribution network terminal is responsible for real-time monitoring of the power grid's operating status, collecting load data, transmitting power and fault information, and performing remote control and configuration operations. It needs to be online stably for extended periods to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network, while also supporting event logging and parameter initialization, providing fundamental support for smart grid management.

[0003] Existing backup power management technologies for distribution network terminals have significant shortcomings. First, traditional systems typically rely on direct mains power supply or fixed-power start-stop, lacking targeted control for frequent power outages and restorations. During the initial power-on setup phase, distribution network terminals only require low power to complete parameter configuration, but existing solutions using the mains power can easily lead to power overload, waste, or triggering protection mechanisms. Second, traditional backup power supplies are prone to excessive start-stop cycles during charging and discharging, resulting in uneven battery distribution and accelerated cell aging over long-term operation, reducing battery life. Third, existing technologies largely rely on single indicators such as voltage, current, or SOC / SOH for battery scheduling, lacking real-time assessment of the electrochemical particle activity state, and failing to ensure that lithium-ion migration activity in the electrodes remains within a stable range. This not only affects discharge stability but also accelerates active material decay and polarization, thus shortening cell life. Furthermore, traditional systems lack dynamic management of the start-stop frequency and health status of multiple battery strings, failing to select the most suitable battery combination based on the actual power requirements of the distribution network terminal, and neglecting micro-discharge sustainment strategies. This can lead to activity decay or response lag in unused batteries that remain stationary for extended periods.

[0004] This solution proposes a communication and interaction system for lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supplies used in distribution network terminals, addressing the problems mentioned in the background section. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a communication and interaction system for a lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for a distribution network terminal, which helps to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution: a communication and interaction system for a lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for a distribution network terminal, comprising: The battery particle power supply adjustment module is used to coordinate the main power supply and backup power supply to supply power to the distribution network terminal. Based on the electrical parameters of the backup power battery, the particle activity index is estimated, and the main power supply voltage is adjusted to ensure that the particle activity index is stably within the set activity range. The power outage prediction and judgment module is used to collect the operating stress index of the distribution network terminal, predict the probability and number of power outages within the observation period, estimate the initial energy of a single power outage of the distribution network terminal, and determine whether the backup power supply can support independent power supply for the distribution network terminal. The steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module is used to collect battery voltage fluctuations, combine them with particle activity indicators to judge battery stability, and output the participation status and current distribution of each battery. The particle activity rotation scheduling module is used to select multiple batteries that supply power to the distribution network terminal based on the output parameters of the steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module, combined with particle activity indicators and historical start-stop counts, and to set an activation microcurrent to maintain the particle activity of batteries that are not participating in power supply.

[0007] Optionally, the battery particle power supply regulation module is used to coordinate the main power supply and backup power supply to supply power to the distribution network terminal, and to estimate the particle activity index based on the electrical parameters of the backup power battery, including: Multiple lithium iron phosphate batteries are connected in series to form a single battery pack, and multiple battery packs with the same structure are connected in parallel to form a backup power supply, with the battery packs supplying power independently or collaboratively. Each battery pack is sequentially traversed to coordinate with the main power supply to provide power to the distribution network terminal; The electrical parameters include the voltage of the battery pack. and current ; A sinusoidal AC voltage is injected into the battery pack, the AC current is measured, and the ratio of the AC voltage to the AC current is calculated. The result is recorded as the impedance. ; Calculate the rate of change of voltage and current and ,Will Normalize and update to the normalized values; Estimating the particle activity index of the battery pack ,in, This is the power conversion factor, used to calculate ideal power. The actual power converted into The ohmic loss factor is used to calculate the heat loss generated by the current. This is the mismatch loss factor, used to calculate the energy loss caused by impedance mismatch; Estimating particle migration rate , This is the proportionality coefficient. This is a nonlinear adjustment coefficient that controls the sensitivity of particle activity indicators to migration rate. This is an exponential nonlinear mapping, meaning that the higher the particle activity index, the higher the particle migration rate. The particle activity index characterizes the lithium-ion migration activity state in the backup power battery. When the particle activity index is within the set activity range, the battery discharges stably.

[0008] Optionally, adjusting the main power supply voltage to stabilize the particle activity index within a set activity range includes: Set the observation duration; The total number of times the distribution network terminals were powered on and off within the observation period prior to the current moment is calculated, and the ratio of the total number of times the terminals were powered on to the observation period is recorded as the historical power on / off probability. ; Calculate the attenuation rate of the main power supply voltage. , These are the weighting coefficients. This represents the ideal particle activity index, with the value being the midpoint of the activity range. ; Calculate the voltage required for the main power supply and backup power supply to work together. ; ,in, Main power supply voltage; Obtain the rated voltage of the distribution network terminal. Update the reduction ratio ,in, The proportionality coefficient is used to limit the adjustment range of the weakening ratio; Calculate the upper limit of the battery pack current , The proportionality coefficient is used to calculate the upper limit of the current, which is used to control the discharge rate of the battery and prevent the battery from being over-consumed or damaged during power supply. The current of the battery pack is limited to be lower than the upper current limit, and when the particle activity index of the battery pack is in the active range, the battery pack is controlled to disconnect the power supply to the distribution network terminal.

[0009] Optionally, the power outage prediction and judgment module is used to collect the operating stress indicators of the distribution network terminal and predict the probability and number of power outages within the observation period, including: The predicted power-on / off probability of distribution network terminals within the observation period after the current moment is as follows: The operating stress indicators include the load change rate. and the number of tasks to be processed ; Measure the current ambient temperature of the distribution network terminal and calculate the difference between it and the standard operating temperature. ; Will Normalize and update to normalized indicators; Calculate the correction factor , These are the weighting coefficients; Calculate the probability of power failure at the current moment. ; The power outage and on-time events of the distribution network terminals within the observation period are assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. The parameters are then calculated. , For observation duration; Calculation occurs The probability of a power outage event is: The probability of at least one power outage event occurring is: As a predicted probability of power outage at the distribution network terminal; Take the expectation of the Poisson distribution as the predicted number of power outages and reconnections. .

[0010] Optionally, estimating the initial energy of a single power outage at the distribution network terminal includes: Estimate the initial current of a single power outage and connection of the distribution network terminal. ,in, For the set coefficient, As the load stability factor, As the thermal stability factor, The reference initial current for the ideal initialization state of the distribution network terminal; The initial current is the current necessary to compensate for the stability degradation caused by increased load and temperature, and the initial current is lower than the current during normal operation of the distribution terminal. Measuring the impedance of the distribution network terminal Calculate the initial voltage .

[0011] Optionally, determining whether the backup power supply supports independent power supply for the distribution network terminal includes: Set a threshold for the number of power outages and reconnections. ; like In this case, the backup power supply is preferred for powering the distribution network terminal; For historical events involving more than one consecutive power outage and restoration, the duration of power restoration after each power outage is statistically analyzed. The average of the energizing time is denoted as ; Calculate the electrical energy required to restore power after a single power outage. ; Obtain the maximum electrical energy of a single battery pack ,calculate , The proportionality coefficient represents the proportion of the battery pack's remaining energy to its maximum energy after passing through the battery particle power supply adjustment module. Obtain the number of backup power battery packs ; like and The backup power supply provides independent power when the distribution network terminal experiences continuous power outages and reconnections.

[0012] Optionally, the steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module is used to collect battery voltage fluctuations, combine them with particle activity indicators to judge battery stability, and output the participation state and current distribution of each battery, including: For any battery pack: Iterate through each cell in the battery pack and obtain the voltage fluctuation of each cell. and particle activity index ; Will Normalize and update to the normalized value; Obtain the active region , These are the lower and upper limits of the particle activity index, respectively. Set voltage fluctuation threshold Hysteresis to prevent frequent switching ; when and The battery is marked as being in a normal discharge state, and the current is allocated accordingly. ; when or hour: The battery's participation state is marked as micro-discharge sustaining, with a distribution current of... ; when or If the battery's participation status is marked as suspended, the allocated current is 0.

[0013] Optionally, the particle activity rotation scheduling module is used to select multiple batteries that supply power to the distribution network terminal based on the output parameters of the steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module, combined with particle activity indicators and historical start-stop counts, and to set an activation microcurrent to maintain the particle activity of batteries that are not participating in power supply, including: For any battery pack, obtain the voltage of the battery pack. ; Setting electrical parameter deviation ; filter The battery pack, and the lowest distributed current in the battery pack is denoted as . ; Define a binary function ; If the battery pack supplies power during the power outage and connection process of the distribution network terminal, then ,otherwise, ; Calculate the objective function Calculate the set of all battery packs that meet the conditions; For multiple battery packs in any set; Obtain the particle activity index for each battery pack, and calculate the average result as follows: ; Count the historical start-stop counts for each battery pack, and sum the results as follows: ; Will and Normalize and update to the normalized value; Calculate the health of each set , Using weighted coefficients, the battery packs with the highest health scores are selected as the power supply source for the current power outage and restoration process of the distribution network terminal; For battery packs that are not involved in power supply and whose current distribution is Set the activation microcurrent ; , This is the micro-amplification scaling factor; when The microcurrent is activated to activate the electrochemical reaction, which is used to maintain the activity of particles in the battery pack. when The activation microcurrent tends to 0, and the battery remains static.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The communication and interaction system for the lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply in this distribution network terminal measures and normalizes the voltage, current, and impedance of the backup power battery pack. It then calculates the particle activity index A using the power conversion coefficient, ohmic loss coefficient, and impedance mismatch coefficient, achieving a quantitative assessment of the lithium-ion migration activity state within the battery pack. This accurately reflects the actual operating state of the battery under different loads and temperatures, preventing activity degradation caused by over-discharge or prolonged idleness, and scientifically estimating the particle migration rate, providing a basis for subsequent battery power supply scheduling. This particle activity-based control method overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies that rely solely on terminal voltage or remaining capacity to determine health status, enabling the battery pack to operate stably within its active range and extending cell lifespan. In scenarios with frequent start-stop operations in the distribution network terminal, this module ensures the safety and continuity of backup power supply while reducing battery losses, achieving refined management of coordinated power supply between the main and backup power supplies, and improving system power supply efficiency and reliability.

[0015] 2. The communication system of the lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply in this distribution network terminal applies a weak discharge current to maintain the activity of lithium-ion particles inside the lithium iron phosphate battery within a preset stable range. Thus, when the distribution network terminal experiences frequent power outages and restorations, the battery particles are already in an active equilibrium state, enabling rapid response to low-power initialization and multiple start-stop power supply demands, avoiding voltage fluctuations or insufficient power supply caused by decreased particle activity. Simultaneously, the weak discharge does not lead to excessive battery consumption or overheating, extending battery life. This strategy, by maintaining particle activity, achieves adaptive optimization of the backup power supply for frequent start-stop scenarios, significantly improving the battery's response speed, power supply stability, and overall health during continuous power outages and restorations. Compared to traditional power supply methods that rely solely on voltage or capacity, this approach is more intelligent, safe, and efficient.

[0016] 3. The communication and interaction system of the lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for the distribution network terminal can predict possible start-up and shutdown events of the distribution network terminal in advance, scientifically plan the timing of backup power supply participation, and avoid excessive battery discharge or main power overload caused by frequent power outages. By quantifying the probability of power outages and estimating the number of power outages, the system achieves forward-looking and scientific power supply scheduling, effectively improving system stability and safety, and reducing maintenance costs. The system calculates the initial current and initial voltage of a single power outage of the distribution network terminal using load stability factors and thermal stability factors, enabling accurate estimation of the electrical energy required for short-term power supply. This ensures that the backup power supply provides only the necessary electrical energy, avoiding excessive discharge and battery damage, while balancing particle activity maintenance and system power supply continuity. It provides accurate basis for backup power supply scheduling, ensuring reliable power supply even during frequent start-ups and shutdowns and low-power initialization phases, thus improving battery life. It achieves intelligent and quantitative power allocation, making backup power supply management more refined and efficient.

[0017] 4. The communication and interaction system for the lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply in this distribution network terminal determines whether the backup power supply can provide independent power by calculating the power outage and restoration threshold, the energy required to restore power after a single power outage, and the remaining energy of the battery pack. Its advantage lies in intelligently selecting the backup power supply to participate in continuous power outage and restoration scenarios, reducing frequent switching of the main power supply and minimizing battery life loss. By quantifying the remaining energy and historical start-stop counts, it achieves scientific battery pack rotation and optimizes power supply reliability. This module significantly improves battery safety and system operating efficiency while ensuring the stability of the distribution network terminal's power supply, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional single power supply or experience-based judgment modes, especially in continuous start-stop scenarios.

[0018] 5. The communication and interaction system of the lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply in this distribution network terminal scientifically determines the battery participation status (normal discharge, micro-discharge maintenance, and suspended participation) by collecting voltage fluctuation σ and particle activity index A, combined with the activity range, hysteresis, and voltage fluctuation threshold, and rationally allocates current. Its advantages include preventing lifespan loss caused by frequent start-stop cycles, ensuring that the cells operate within a suitable activity range, selecting battery packs with the highest voltage matching and battery health (weighted by average particle activity and historical start-stop count) to participate in power supply, and applying micro-discharge maintenance current to batteries not participating, thus achieving rotation scheduling and activity management. Its advantages include reducing the number of start-stop cycles per battery string, balancing battery activity, extending lifespan, and ensuring priority power supply to highly active batteries, thereby improving power supply reliability. Micro-discharge maintenance of non-participating battery activity can prevent the degradation of idle batteries and achieve overall electrochemical state balance in the system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system modules of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1, refer to Figure 1 A communication and interaction system for a lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for a distribution network terminal, comprising: Distribution network terminals collect grid parameters, load status, and communication information online for extended periods, requiring periodic system parameter updates, cache clearing, or software firmware upgrades. This can be automatic (system self-checks, restarts, or task refreshes) or manually triggered (maintenance or remote operation). Essentially, it involves resetting the terminal's operating state through power outages and restorations, returning the data acquisition, communication, and control modules to their standard initialization state.

[0022] The continuous power outages and restorations are not accidental, but rather the result of multiple factors, including automatic terminal protection, communication updates, maintenance operations, or power grid anomalies.

[0023] During the initialization phase, the terminal primarily performs parameter reading, configuration, and system self-tests, without engaging in high-power data acquisition or communication transmission. Therefore, the required power is low, resulting in a significantly lower initialization current than during normal operation. This low current facilitates safe startup and prevents damage to the power supply or battery during frequent start-stop cycles. The main power supply, typically AC mains or a high-capacity power source, offers high power output but has a slow response time, making it unsuitable for handling frequent low-power start-stop cycles. Forcing the use of the main power supply could lead to power overload, causing large instantaneous fluctuations in voltage and current, and affecting the stability of the terminal's initialization.

[0024] Backup power (batteries) can provide a stable current with low power and fast response to match the initialization requirements of the terminal. Dynamically rotating battery strings avoids excessive start-stop of individual batteries, extends battery life, and the micro-discharge sustaining current can also maintain the activity of cell particles, keeping the battery in a healthy state during frequent start-stop operations.

[0025] The internal structure of a lithium iron phosphate battery includes: positive electrode material: powdered LiFePO4 is mixed with conductive carbon (such as carbon black) to form a slurry, which is then coated onto an aluminum foil current collector.

[0026] Negative electrode material: Graphite is mixed with binder and coated onto copper foil current collector.

[0027] Electrolyte: An organic solution containing lithium salts (such as LiPF6), responsible for transporting Li⁺ between the positive and negative electrodes; Summary of the discharge process: Li⁺ is released from the positive electrode LiFePO4, passes through the electrolyte and the separator, and is embedded in the negative electrode graphite. Electrons flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode through the external circuit, forming a current to supply the load.

[0028] Particle stability is essentially a measure of the lithium-ion migration activity and particle structure integrity within a battery. This solution monitors particle activity in real time: The lithium-ion migration activity of each battery is assessed using particle activity index A, enabling timely detection of cells with decreased activity or uneven migration. This ensures that each cell discharges within a defined activity range, avoiding over-discharge or excessive localized stress, thereby reducing the risk of particle pulverization. Battery packs not involved in discharge are activated by microcurrents to promote particle migration, maintain electrochemical activity, and reduce activity degradation caused by long-term quiescent storage. The optimal battery pack is selected for power supply based on particle activity and historical start-stop cycles, avoiding excessive start-stop cycles in a single cell string and achieving load balancing.

[0029] Decreased activity or uneven migration can lead to uneven internal resistance and unstable output in the battery cell, affecting the power supply reliability of the distribution network terminal with frequent start-stop. Maintaining particle migration activity can ensure that the low power demand during each power-on initialization phase is met stably and safely, while also extending battery life. The battery particle power supply regulation module is used to coordinate the main power supply and backup power supply to power the distribution network terminal. It estimates particle activity indicators based on the electrical parameters of the backup power battery, including: The existing technology involves connecting multiple lithium iron phosphate batteries in series to form a single battery pack, and connecting multiple battery packs with the same structure in parallel to form a backup power supply, with the battery packs supplying power independently or collaboratively. Each battery pack is sequentially traversed to coordinate with the main power supply to provide power to the distribution network terminal; The electrical parameters include the voltage of the battery pack. and current The purpose of calculating the activity index of battery pack particles rather than the index of individual cells is to match the actual power supply requirements and control logic, ensure safety, simplify calculations, and effectively reflect the overall health status of the pack.

[0030] A sinusoidal AC voltage is injected into the battery pack, the AC current is measured, and the ratio of the AC voltage to the AC current is calculated. The result is recorded as the impedance. ; Calculate the rate of change of voltage and current and ,Will Normalize and update to the normalized values; Estimating the particle activity index of the battery pack ,in, This is the power conversion factor, used to calculate ideal power. The actual power converted into The ohmic loss factor is used to calculate the heat loss generated by the current. This is the mismatch loss factor, used to calculate the energy loss caused by impedance mismatch; Estimating particle migration rate , This is the proportionality coefficient. This is a nonlinear adjustment coefficient that controls the sensitivity of particle activity indicators to migration rate. This is an exponential nonlinear mapping, meaning that the higher the particle activity index, the higher the particle migration rate. The particle activity index characterizes the lithium-ion migration activity state in the backup power battery. When the particle activity index is within the set activity range, the battery discharges stably.

[0031] Adjusting the main power supply voltage to stabilize the particle activity index within a set activity range includes: When the battery is fully charged, lithium ion distribution may tend to be static or locally saturated; excessively high activity can lead to local over-discharge or temperature rise, shortening battery life; excessively low activity slows particle migration, reduces battery response, and decreases power supply stability. If the main power supply is operating at full power, the backup power supply will not discharge, and particles will remain static in a high-energy state for a long time, potentially resulting in low activity. By reducing the main power supply voltage / current, the backup power supply can participate in partial power supply: the backup power supply slightly discharges, allowing lithium ions to migrate between electrode particles, giving the particles "movement." This lightweight and controllable discharge can maintain particle activity within the preset activity range, avoiding excessively high or low activity. The core is to use a small, controllable current to induce lithium ion migration, achieving electrochemical state optimization, rather than simply supplying or not supplying power.

[0032] Set the observation duration; The total number of times the distribution network terminals were powered on and off within the observation period prior to the current moment is calculated, and the ratio of the total number of times the terminals were powered on to the observation period is recorded as the historical power on / off probability. ; Calculate the attenuation rate of the main power supply voltage. , These are the weighting coefficients. This represents the ideal particle activity index, with the value being the midpoint of the activity range. ; Calculate the voltage required for the main power supply and backup power supply to work together. ; ,in, Main power supply voltage; Obtain the rated voltage of the distribution network terminal. Update the reduction ratio ,in, The proportionality coefficient is used to limit the adjustment range of the weakening ratio; Calculate the upper limit of the battery pack current , The proportional coefficient is used to calculate the upper limit of the current. The upper limit of the current is used to control the discharge rate of the battery and prevent the battery from being over-consumed or damaged during power supply. Setting the upper limit of the battery pack current is to maintain particle activity within a reasonable range while ensuring safety and stable power supply, thereby extending battery life.

[0033] The core function is not about power supply, but rather about controlling the battery pack to disconnect from the distribution network terminal when the current of the battery pack is below the upper limit and the particle activity index of the battery pack is in the active range.

[0034] The power outage prediction and judgment module is used to collect operational stress indicators of distribution network terminals and predict the probability and frequency of power outages within the observation period, including: The predicted power-on / off probability of distribution network terminals within the observation period after the current moment is as follows: The operating stress indicators include the load change rate. and the number of tasks to be processed ; Measure the current ambient temperature of the distribution network terminal and calculate the difference between it and the standard operating temperature. ; Will Normalize and update to normalized indicators; Calculate the correction factor , These are the weighting coefficients; Calculate the probability of power failure at the current moment. ; The power outage and on-time events of the distribution network terminals within the observation period are assumed to follow a Poisson distribution according to existing technology. The parameters are then calculated. , For observation duration; Calculation occurs The probability of a power outage event is: The probability of at least one power outage event occurring is: As a predicted probability of power outage at the distribution network terminal; Take the expectation of the Poisson distribution as the predicted number of power outages and reconnections. .

[0035] And estimate the initial energy of a single power outage and restoration of the distribution network terminal, including: Estimate the initial current of a single power outage and connection of the distribution network terminal. ,in, For the set coefficient, As the load stability factor, As the thermal stability factor, The reference initial current for the ideal initialization state of the distribution network terminal; The initial current is the current necessary to compensate for the stability degradation caused by increased load and temperature, and the initial current is lower than the current during normal operation of the distribution terminal. Measuring the impedance of the distribution network terminal Calculate the initial voltage .

[0036] Determining whether the backup power supply supports independent power supply for the distribution network terminal includes: Set a threshold for the number of power outages and reconnections. ; like In this case, the backup power supply is preferred to power the distribution network terminal. When the number of power-on times is predicted to exceed the threshold during the future observation period, the backup power supply can be used first to accurately meet the low power initialization requirements, avoid the loss caused by frequent start-stop of the main power supply, and maintain the activity of battery particles and extend their life.

[0037] For historical events involving more than one consecutive power outage and restoration, the duration of power restoration after each power outage is statistically analyzed. The average of the energizing time is denoted as ; Calculate the electrical energy required to restore power after a single power outage. ; Obtain the maximum electrical energy of a single battery pack ,calculate , The proportionality coefficient represents the proportion of the battery pack's remaining energy to its maximum energy after passing through the battery particle power supply adjustment module. Obtain the number of backup power battery packs ; like and The backup power supply provides independent power when the distribution network terminal experiences continuous power outages and reconnections.

[0038] The steady-state assessment and participation evaluation module is used to collect battery voltage fluctuations, combine them with particle activity indicators to determine battery stability, and output the participation state and current distribution of each battery, including: For any battery pack: Iterate through each cell in the battery pack and obtain the voltage fluctuation of each cell. and particle activity index Here, the particle activity index of each battery group is the same, but the voltage fluctuations in series are different; Will Normalize and update to the normalized value; Obtain the active region , These are the lower and upper limits of the particle activity index, respectively. Set voltage fluctuation threshold Hysteresis to prevent frequent switching ; when and The battery is marked as being in a normal discharge state, and the current is allocated accordingly. ; when or hour: The battery's participation state is marked as micro-discharge sustaining, with a distribution current of... ; when or If the battery's participation status is marked as suspended, the allocated current is 0.

[0039] Initially, all battery pack particle activity indicators are initialized within the active range. However, particle activity is dynamic, characterizing the lithium-ion migration capability within the cell. In actual operation, the cell undergoes the following processes: discharging → lithium-ion migration consumes energy, potentially reducing activity; charging → activity may recover, but the recovery magnitude and speed are limited by temperature, load, and cycle count; load fluctuations → high current or pulsed loads can momentarily affect the particle migration rate. Therefore, even if initialized within the active range, after a period of operation, the particle activity may naturally deviate from the actual value.

[0040] The influence of temperature and environmental factors: The activity of battery cells is significantly affected by temperature: excessively low or high ambient temperatures, and load heating, can restrict lithium-ion migration, thereby reducing particle activity. Non-ideal factors and system disturbances: Battery packs have internal non-uniformity: changes in external load, fluctuations in main power supply voltage, and uneven power distribution among parallel battery packs can all cause the activity of some battery cells to be higher or lower than normal. Even if initialized at an intermediate value, it cannot be guaranteed that the activity will remain within the ideal range during actual operation.

[0041] The particle activity rotation scheduling module is used to select multiple batteries to supply power to the distribution network terminal based on the output parameters of the steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module, combined with particle activity indicators and historical start-stop counts, and to set an activation microcurrent to maintain the particle activity of batteries not participating in power supply, including: Frequent start-stop cycles prevent lithium-ion migration activity from fully recovering, causing battery capacity to gradually decline. They also cause local temperature fluctuations and increased internal resistance, accelerating electrode aging. Furthermore, frequent cycling and uneven discharge between cells further reduce battery life and accelerate overall battery performance degradation.

[0042] For any battery pack, obtain the voltage of the battery pack. ; Setting electrical parameter deviation ; filter The battery pack, and the lowest distributed current in the battery pack is denoted as . ; Define a binary function ; If the battery pack supplies power during the power outage and connection process of the distribution network terminal, then ,otherwise, ; Calculate the objective function Calculate the set of all battery packs that meet the conditions; For multiple battery packs in any set; Obtain the particle activity index for each battery pack, and calculate the average result as follows: ; Count the historical start-stop counts for each battery pack, and sum the results as follows: ; Will and Normalize and update to the normalized value; Calculate the health of each set , Using weighted coefficients, the battery packs with the highest health scores are selected as the power supply source for the current power outage and restoration process of the distribution network terminal; For battery packs that are not involved in power supply and whose current distribution is Set the activation microcurrent ; , This is the micro-amplification scaling factor; when The microcurrent is activated to activate the electrochemical reaction, which is used to maintain the activity of particles in the battery pack. when The activation microcurrent tends to 0, and the battery remains static.

[0043] The activation microcurrent provides slight lithium-ion migration, keeping the particles in the cell in an activated state and preventing activity degradation or uneven migration caused by prolonged quiescence. During battery pack rotation or when not selected for main discharge, the micro-discharge keeps the battery in a rapidly responsive state, ensuring the stability of subsequent power supply.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication and interaction system for a lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for a distribution network terminal, characterized in that, include: The battery particle power supply adjustment module is used to coordinate the main power supply and backup power supply to supply power to the distribution network terminal. Based on the electrical parameters of the backup power battery, the particle activity index is estimated, and the main power supply voltage is adjusted to ensure that the particle activity index is stably within the set activity range. The power outage prediction and judgment module is used to collect the operating stress index of the distribution network terminal, predict the probability and number of power outages within the observation period, estimate the initial energy of a single power outage of the distribution network terminal, and determine whether the backup power supply can support independent power supply for the distribution network terminal. The steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module is used to collect battery voltage fluctuations, combine them with particle activity indicators to judge battery stability, and output the participation status and current distribution of each battery. The particle activity rotation scheduling module is used to select multiple batteries that supply power to the distribution network terminal based on the output parameters of the steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module, combined with particle activity indicators and historical start-stop counts, and to set an activation microcurrent to maintain the particle activity of batteries that are not participating in power supply.

2. The communication and interaction system for the backup power supply of lithium iron phosphate batteries for distribution network terminals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery particle power supply regulation module is used to coordinate the main power supply and backup power supply to supply power to the distribution network terminal, and to estimate the particle activity index based on the electrical parameters of the backup power battery, including: Multiple lithium iron phosphate batteries are connected in series to form a single battery pack, and multiple battery packs with the same structure are connected in parallel to form a backup power supply, with the battery packs supplying power independently or collaboratively. Each battery pack is sequentially traversed to coordinate with the main power supply to provide power to the distribution network terminal; The electrical parameters include the voltage of the battery pack. and current ; A sinusoidal AC voltage is injected into the battery pack, the AC current is measured, and the ratio of the AC voltage to the AC current is calculated. The result is recorded as the impedance. ; Calculate the rate of change of voltage and current and ,Will Normalize and update to the normalized values; Estimating the particle activity index of the battery pack ,in, This is the power conversion factor, used to calculate ideal power. The actual power converted into The ohmic loss factor is used to calculate the heat loss generated by the current. This is the mismatch loss factor, used to calculate the energy loss caused by impedance mismatch; Estimating particle migration rate , This is the proportionality coefficient. This is a nonlinear adjustment coefficient that controls the sensitivity of particle activity indicators to migration rate. This is an exponential nonlinear mapping, meaning that the higher the particle activity index, the higher the particle migration rate. The particle activity index characterizes the lithium-ion migration activity state in the backup power battery. When the particle activity index is within the set activity range, the battery discharges stably.

3. The communication and interaction system for the lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for the distribution network terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment of the main power supply voltage to stabilize the particle activity index within the set activity range includes: Set the observation duration; The total number of times the distribution network terminals were powered on and off within the observation period prior to the current moment is calculated, and the ratio of the total number of times the terminals were powered on to the observation period is recorded as the historical power on / off probability. ; Calculate the attenuation rate of the main power supply voltage. , These are the weighting coefficients. This represents the ideal particle activity index, with the value being the midpoint of the activity range. ; Calculate the voltage required for the main power supply and backup power supply to work together. ; ,in, Main power supply voltage; Obtain the rated voltage of the distribution network terminal. Update the reduction ratio ,in, The proportionality coefficient is used to limit the adjustment range of the weakening ratio; Calculate the upper limit of the battery pack current , The proportionality coefficient is used to calculate the upper limit of the current, which is used to control the discharge rate of the battery and prevent the battery from being over-consumed or damaged during power supply. The current of the battery pack is limited to be lower than the upper current limit, and when the particle activity index of the battery pack is in the active range, the battery pack is controlled to disconnect the power supply to the distribution network terminal.

4. The communication and interaction system for the lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for the distribution network terminal according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power outage prediction and judgment module is used to collect the operating stress indicators of the distribution network terminal and predict the probability and number of power outages within the observation period, including: The predicted power-on / off probability of distribution network terminals within the observation period after the current moment is as follows: The operating stress indicators include the load change rate. and the number of tasks to be processed ; Measure the current ambient temperature of the distribution network terminal and calculate the difference between it and the standard operating temperature. ; Will Normalize and update to normalized indicators; Calculate the correction factor , These are the weighting coefficients; Calculate the probability of power failure at the current moment. ; The power outage and on-time events of the distribution network terminals within the observation period are assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. The parameters are then calculated. , For observation duration; Calculation occurs The probability of a power outage event is: The probability of at least one power outage event occurring is: As a predicted probability of power outage at the distribution network terminal; Take the expectation of the Poisson distribution as the predicted number of power outages and reconnections. .

5. The communication and interaction system for the backup power supply of lithium iron phosphate batteries for distribution network terminals according to claim 4, characterized in that, The estimation of the initial electrical energy of a single power outage and restoration of the distribution network terminal includes: Estimate the initial current of a single power outage and connection of the distribution network terminal. ,in, For the set coefficient, As the load stability factor, As the thermal stability factor, The reference initial current for the ideal initialization state of the distribution network terminal; The initial current is the current necessary to compensate for the stability degradation caused by increased load and temperature, and the initial current is lower than the current during normal operation of the distribution terminal. Measuring the impedance of the distribution network terminal Calculate the initial voltage .

6. The communication and interaction system for the backup power supply of lithium iron phosphate batteries for distribution network terminals according to claim 5, characterized in that, The determination of whether the backup power supply supports independent power supply for the distribution network terminal includes: Set a threshold for the number of power outages and reconnections. ; like In this case, the backup power supply is preferred for powering the distribution network terminal; For historical events involving more than one consecutive power outage and restoration, the duration of power restoration after each power outage is statistically analyzed. The average of the energizing time is denoted as ; Calculate the electrical energy required to restore power after a single power outage. ; Obtain the maximum electrical energy of a single battery pack ,calculate , The proportionality coefficient represents the proportion of the battery pack's remaining energy to its maximum energy after passing through the battery particle power supply adjustment module. Obtain the number of backup power battery packs ; like and The backup power supply provides independent power when the distribution network terminal experiences continuous power outages and reconnections.

7. The communication and interaction system for a lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for a distribution network terminal according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module is used to collect battery voltage fluctuations, combine them with particle activity indicators to judge battery stability, and output the participation state and current distribution of each battery, including: For any battery pack: Iterate through each cell in the battery pack and obtain the voltage fluctuation of each cell. and particle activity index ; Will Normalize and update to the normalized value; Obtain the active region , These are the lower and upper limits of the particle activity index, respectively. Set voltage fluctuation threshold Hysteresis to prevent frequent switching ; when and The battery is marked as being in a normal discharge state, and the current is allocated accordingly. ; when or hour: The battery's participation state is marked as micro-discharge sustaining, with a distribution current of... ; when or If the battery's participation status is marked as suspended, the allocated current is 0.

8. The communication and interaction system for a lithium iron phosphate battery backup power supply for a distribution network terminal according to claim 7, characterized in that, The particle activity rotation scheduling module is used to select multiple batteries that supply power to the distribution network terminal based on the output parameters of the steady-state judgment and participation evaluation module, combined with particle activity indicators and historical start-stop counts, and to set an activation microcurrent to maintain the particle activity of batteries that are not participating in power supply, including: For any battery pack, obtain the voltage of the battery pack. ; Setting electrical parameter deviation ; filter The battery pack, and the lowest distributed current in the battery pack is denoted as . ; Define a binary function ; If the battery pack supplies power during the power outage and connection process of the distribution network terminal, then ,otherwise, ; Calculate the objective function Calculate the set of all battery packs that meet the conditions; For multiple battery packs in any set; Obtain the particle activity index for each battery pack, and calculate the average result as follows: ; Count the historical start-stop counts for each battery pack, and sum the results as follows: ; Will and Normalize and update to the normalized value; Calculate the health of each set , Using weighted coefficients, the battery packs with the highest health scores are selected as the power supply source for the current power outage and restoration process of the distribution network terminal; For battery packs that are not involved in power supply and whose current distribution is Set the activation microcurrent ; , This is the micro-amplification scaling factor; when The microcurrent is activated to activate the electrochemical reaction, which is used to maintain the activity of particles in the battery pack. when The activation microcurrent tends to 0, and the battery remains static.

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