Cold atom beam generating device capable of quickly replacing atom source

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cold atom beam preparation equipment, and discloses a cold atom beam generation device capable of rapidly replacing an atom source, and the device comprises a vacuum optical cavity which is a hollow cavity and is provided with at least one connection port; the atomic source module is arranged in the vacuum optical cavity and is detachably connected with the connecting port of the vacuum optical cavity; and the port function module is detachably and hermetically connected with the connecting port of the vacuum optical cavity. Through modular structures of the differential flange, the electrode flange, the rotating wheel base and the like, when the atom source is used up, a user does not need to depend on an original equipment factory for disassembly like a traditional scheme, but can operate by himself / herself, and only needs to disassemble and replace the atom source module at a port of the electrode flange, so that the maintenance mode that professionals need to intervene is changed, and the maintenance efficiency is improved. And the convenience of equipment maintenance is improved, the downtime of the system is reduced from several days or even several weeks required by a traditional scheme, and the service continuity and the operation efficiency of the equipment are also improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of cold atom beam preparation equipment, specifically a cold atom beam generator that can quickly replace atomic sources. Background Technology

[0002] The two-dimensional cold atom beam source cavity is a core special-purpose vacuum device for generating two-dimensional cold atom beams. It provides a vacuum environment in which atomic gas, magnetic field, and optical field interact to generate cold atom beams. Inside this cavity, hot atomic gas is compressed and cooled in a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the beam direction through the synergistic effect of a specific laser and magnetic field, ultimately forming the desired two-dimensional cold atom beam.

[0003] However, the existing technical solutions for this core component have inherent defects, which restrict its reliable application in high-end sensitive components and sensors.

[0004] Specifically, as a consumable, the alkali metal inside the atomic source will gradually be depleted with use. In traditional designs, the atomic source release device is usually directly fixed to the vacuum chamber or forms a non-removable sealed connection with the chamber. Once the atomic source is depleted, it is necessary to rely on the original manufacturer's technical support. The entire maintenance process involves system shutdown, vacuum destruction, chamber disassembly, professional replacement, and a lengthy process of re-vacuuming and calibration, which takes several days or even weeks. During this period, the system will be shut down for a long time, which restricts the service continuity of critical businesses and the overall operating efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need in the art for a cold atom beam generator that allows for rapid replacement of the atom source. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, the present invention provides a cold atom beam generator with a rapidly replaceable atomic source.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic sources, comprising:

[0008] A vacuum optical cavity is a hollow cavity and has at least one connection port;

[0009] An atomic source module is placed inside the vacuum optical cavity and is detachably connected to the connection port of the vacuum optical cavity.

[0010] It also includes a port function module, which is detachably and sealed to the connection port of the vacuum optical cavity.

[0011] In the above technical solution, preferably, the connection port includes an electrode flange, the atomic source module is detachably connected to the electrode flange and its atomic release end is located inside the vacuum optical cavity, and the port functional module is detachably and sealedly connected to the electrode flange.

[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, the atomic source module includes:

[0013] An atomic releaser, having at least one atom, having at least two ends with mounting feet at the ends;

[0014] The electrode flange is provided with at least one set of mating feet;

[0015] One of the atomic releasers is detachably connected to a set of mating feet within the electrode flange via mounting feet.

[0016] In the above technical solution, preferably, the electrode flange is provided with a rotating base, the docking foot is provided on the rotating base, and at least one set of conductive posts are provided through the rotating base. One mounting foot of the atom releaser is electrically connected to a set of conductive posts, and the end of the conductive post away from the mounting foot is connected to a conductive element.

[0017] The number of a set of said docking pins is at least two, the number of a set of said conductive posts is two, a set of said docking pins and a set of said conductive posts constitute a mounting position, and a plurality of said mounting positions are arrayed on the rotating wheel base;

[0018] The base of the rotating wheel is made of insulating material.

[0019] In the above technical solution, preferably, the conductive component includes an internal electrical connector and an external electrical connector, the external electrical connector is provided through and sealed on the electrode flange, and the internal electrical connector is detachably connected between the conductive post and the external electrical connector.

[0020] In the above technical solution, preferably, the internal electrical connector includes an electrode connector and a base connector that are detachably connected to the ends of two of the conductive pillars in a group, respectively;

[0021] The electrode flange is provided with a feedthrough hole, and the external electrical connector includes a feedthrough electrode;

[0022] A feedthrough electrode is sealed and fixed inside the feedthrough hole. The electrode connector is detachably connected to the feedthrough electrode, and the base connector is detachably connected to the electrode flange.

[0023] In the above technical solution, preferably, the outer side of the rotary wheel base is provided with guide grooves, the inner side of the electrode flange is provided with guide lugs, the guide lugs are adapted to the guide grooves, and the inner side of the electrode flange is also provided with a stop plate. The guide lugs and the stop plate are arranged sequentially along the direction in which the rotary wheel base moves into the electrode flange.

[0024] When the wheel base is connected to the electrode flange, the electrode connector in the internal electrical connection is connected to the feedthrough electrode, and the base connector is connected to the guide lug.

[0025] In the above technical solution, preferably, the atom release device includes a pipe, the two ends of the pipe are sealed to form mounting feet, the pipe contains atomic source material, and the pipe has a channel for the atom to escape;

[0026] The pipe shape is either U-shaped or V-shaped.

[0027] In the above technical solution, preferably, the cavity wall of the vacuum optical cavity is provided with multiple optical windows;

[0028] The optical window includes:

[0029] At least two pairs of first windows are arranged facing each other, and the cooling laser beams pass through the first windows and intersect in the vacuum optical cavity to form a two-dimensional optical adhesive.

[0030] At least one push light window, through which a push laser beam parallel to the direction of the cold atom beam passes.

[0031] In the above technical solution, preferably, the port function module is a differential flange;

[0032] The differential flange is detachably and sealingly connected to the connection port via a first cutting edge, and is detachably and sealingly connected to external equipment via a second cutting edge.

[0033] The differential flange has a through hole at its center for discharging the cold atom beam.

[0034] In the above technical solution, preferably, the number of connection ports is two and they are arranged facing each other on the vacuum optical cavity;

[0035] The port function module is a differential flange, one end of which is detachably and sealed to a connection port, and the other end of which is detachably and sealed to an external device. A through hole for discharging the cold atom beam is provided in the center of the flange.

[0036] The push light window is detachably and sealed to another connection port, and the atomic source module is disposed in the vacuum optical cavity and detachably and sealed to the connection port connected to the push light window.

[0037] In the above technical solution, preferably, the electrode flange is fixedly connected to the vacuum optical cavity.

[0038] In the above technical solution, preferably, the connection port further includes a connection flange that is fixedly connected to the vacuum optical cavity, and the electrode flange and the connection flange are detachably and sealedly connected.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] 1. This invention designs the connection port between the atomic source module and the vacuum optical cavity as a detachable connection, and utilizes modular structures such as differential flanges, electrode flanges, and rotary wheel bases. This allows users to operate the system themselves when the atomic source is depleted, without relying on the original equipment manufacturer for disassembly as in traditional solutions. Instead, users only need to disassemble and replace the atomic source module at the electrode flange port. This changes the maintenance mode that requires professional personnel, improves the convenience of equipment maintenance, and greatly shortens maintenance time from several days or even weeks in traditional solutions to several hours or less. This reduces system downtime and improves the service continuity and operating efficiency of the equipment.

[0041] 2. By treating the atomic source module as an independent, replaceable unit, and using guide grooves, guide lugs, and abutments, this invention ensures the alignment of complex electrical connections under simple operation, lowers the technical threshold for replacement operations, and provides multiple mounting positions inside the electrode flange, allowing for the simultaneous installation of multiple atomic releasers. This not only increases the atomic source loading capacity and extends the single continuous working time, but also allows for the selective activation or switching of different atomic sources, improving the flexibility and reliability of use.

[0042] 3. The electrical connection of the atomic source module of this invention adopts a modular design. The electrode connector and the feedthrough electrode, as well as the base connector and the electrode flange, are all quick-separation structures. This makes the separation and reconnection of electrical connections a standard and quick step in the overall replacement of the atomic source module. The operation is simple and avoids the complicated separate wiring work in the traditional solution, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the differential flange of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a top view of the differential flange of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the pipe, channel, and mounting feet of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the atomic release device and mounting feet of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a top view of the rotary base of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the mating feet, the rotating wheel base, and the conductive post of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode flange of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a top view of the electrode flange of the present invention.

[0052] In the diagram: 1. Vacuum optical cavity; 2. Connection port; 21. Electrode flange; 3. Atom source module; 31. Atom releaser; 311. Pipe; 312. Channel; 32. Mounting foot; 33. Butt foot; 34. Rotary wheel base; 341. Guide groove; 342. Guide lug; 343. Support plate; 35. Conductive post; 36. Conductive component; 361. Internal electrical connector; 362. External electrical connector; 4. Port function module; 41. Differential flange; 42. First cutting edge; 43. Second cutting edge; 44. Through hole; 5. Electrode connector; 6. Base connector; 7. Feedthrough hole; 8. Feedthrough electrode; 9. First window; 10. Push light window; 11. Blind hole; 12. Mounting hole; 13. Atom source material. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention provides a cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic sources, comprising:

[0055] The vacuum optical cavity 1 is a hollow cavity and is provided with at least one connection port 2;

[0056] Specifically, the walls of vacuum optical cavity 1 are provided with multiple optical windows;

[0057] The optical window includes:

[0058] At least two pairs of first windows 9 are arranged facing each other. Cooling laser beams pass through the first windows 9 and intersect in the vacuum optical cavity 1 to form a two-dimensional optical adhesive.

[0059] At least one push light window 10, through which a push laser beam parallel to the direction of the cold atom beam passes.

[0060] The vacuum optical cavity 1 is a special-purpose vacuum device for maintaining a high vacuum environment.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, the vacuum optical cavity 1 is mainly composed of five main walls, forming a cuboid-like configuration. This configuration can provide as many optical windows and light-transmitting areas as possible for laser incident, facilitating the input of multiple cooling beams and push beams. In this configuration, the open end is provided with a connection port 2 for integrating key modules such as the atomic source module 3.

[0062] Atom source module 3 is placed inside vacuum optical cavity 1 and is detachably connected to connection port 2 of vacuum optical cavity 1;

[0063] Specifically, atomic source module 3 provides a source of atomic vapor and is a replaceable consumable;

[0064] Specifically, the connection port 2 includes an electrode flange 21, the atom source module 3 is detachably connected to the electrode flange 21 and its atom release end is located inside the vacuum optical cavity 1, and the port function module 4 is detachably and sealed to the electrode flange 21.

[0065] Furthermore, the electrode flange 21 is fixedly connected to the vacuum optical cavity 1.

[0066] Specifically, the electrode flange 21 is not only a key component for maintaining the system's vacuum seal, but also the structural foundation for enabling the rapid replacement, positioning, and power supply of the atomic source module 3;

[0067] Electrode flange 21 is integrally molded and consists of two parts, with the following specific structural features:

[0068] The first part is a horizontal flange, which forms the main mounting surface of the electrode flange 21 and is used to achieve a detachable and sealed connection with the external module.

[0069] The second part is the extension channel, which extends integrally from the inner side of the horizontal flange into the vacuum optical cavity 1 into a cylindrical or specifically shaped channel structure. This extension channel extends into the vacuum optical cavity 1, forming a space for the installation, positioning and operation of the atomic source module 3, thus optimizing the spatial layout.

[0070] In practical use, when replacing the atomic source, the operator can directly disconnect the electrical connection and mechanical fixation between the atomic source module 3 and the electrode flange 21 through the opening on the electrode flange 21, so that the individual atomic source module 3 can be taken out and replaced. This improves the efficiency of atomic source replacement and reduces the technical threshold and time cost of maintenance.

[0071] It also includes a port function module 4, which is detachably and sealed to the connection port 2 of the vacuum optical cavity 1.

[0072] Furthermore, port function module 4 is a differential flange 41;

[0073] The differential flange 41 is detachably and sealingly connected to the connection port 2 through the first knife edge 42, and is mechanically fixed by the circumferentially distributed blind holes 11 and fasteners;

[0074] The differential flange 41 is detachably and sealingly connected to external equipment via the second knife edge 43, and is fixed to the outside via the mounting hole 12 and fasteners.

[0075] The differential flange 41 has a through hole 44 in the center for discharging the cold atom beam.

[0076] The height of the through hole 44 is determined by precise simulation using professional vacuum simulation software based on the required vacuum difference between the first cutting edge 42 and the second cutting edge 43, so as to maintain the optimal vacuum gradient while ensuring the atomic beam flux.

[0077] Specifically, the vacuum optical cavity 1 on both sides of the differential flange 41 and the vacuum environment of the external equipment are each individually evacuated to the required vacuum state by a vacuum pumping device.

[0078] The calculation of the height of the vacuum equipment and the through hole 44 is existing technology, so it has not been described in detail or shown in the attached diagram.

[0079] Specifically, atomic source module 3 includes:

[0080] At least one atom releaser 31, which has at least two ends and the ends are provided with mounting feet 32;

[0081] The electrode flange 21 is provided with at least one set of mating feet 33;

[0082] An atom releaser 31 is detachably connected to a set of mating feet 33 within an electrode flange 21 via mounting feet 32.

[0083] Specifically, the atom release device 31 includes a pipe 311, with both ends of the pipe 311 sealed to form mounting feet 32, the pipe 311 containing atomic source material 13, and the pipe 311 having a channel 312 for the atom to escape.

[0084] Pipe 311 is either U-shaped or V-shaped.

[0085] Preferably, the pipe 311 is a thin-walled metal type and serves as the outlet for atomic vapor, while the channel 312 is a small hole or slit type.

[0086] The atomic source material 13 inside the pipe 311 includes, but is not limited to, alkali metals, mixtures of alkali metal compounds and reducing agents, or alkali metal alloys.

[0087] Specifically, the electrode flange 21 is provided with a rotating base 34, the mating foot 33 is provided on the rotating base 34, and at least one set of conductive posts 35 are provided through the rotating base 34. The mounting foot 32 of an atom releaser 31 is electrically connected to a set of conductive posts 35, and the end of the conductive post 35 away from the mounting foot 32 is connected to a conductive element 36.

[0088] The mating foot 33 is U-shaped, providing guidance and accommodating space for the insertion of the mounting foot 32. The end of the mounting foot 32 of the atom releaser 31 is constructed as a flat plate structure, the shape of which is adapted to the inner cavity of the U-shaped structure. When the flat end of the mounting foot 32 is inserted into the U-shaped structure of the mating foot 33, the two are locked together by fasteners that pass laterally through the U-shaped structure and the flat end, thus forming a mechanical connection and ensuring that the atom releaser 31 will not loosen or fall off during operation.

[0089] The conductive post 35 runs longitudinally through the rotating wheel base 34, with one end located inside the U-shaped structure. The included angle of each group of two conductive posts 35 is the same as the included angle of the two mounting feet 32 ​​on the atom release device 31. When the flat end of the mounting foot 32 is inserted and fastened inside the U-shaped structure, the flat end is pressed against the end face of the conductive post 35, completing the mechanical locking while completing the electrical connection between the mounting foot 32 and the conductive post 35.

[0090] Furthermore, each set of atom releasers is an independent electrical circuit, and its current path is as follows:

[0091] Feedthrough electrode 8 → Electrode connector 5 → One conductive post 35 in a group → U-shaped / V-shaped thin-walled metal pipe 311 → Another conductive post 35 in the group → Base connector 6 → Electrode flange 21.

[0092] Each U-shaped / V-shaped thin-walled metal pipe 311 is connected to the base connector 6 and is connected to the electrode flange 21 through the base connector 6. This design makes the electrode flange 21 the common loop point of all independent loops.

[0093] Based on the above modular electrical connection, the rotor base 34 can be flexibly configured according to the actual size of the electrode flange 21. By equipping an appropriate number of atomic releasers 31 with multiple mounting positions distributed in an array, the limited space inside the electrode flange 21 is fully optimized and utilized, thereby maximizing the atomic source loading capacity, thus extending the single continuous working time of the equipment, and thus extending the single continuous working time and overall service life of the entire device.

[0094] During operation, by applying a working current between the two mounting feet 32, the current flows through the thin-walled metal pipe 311 and heats it up rapidly based on the Joule heating effect. The atomic source material 13 carried in the pipe 311 is heated to form the required atomic vapor and escapes from the release port 312. The atomic release rate and total amount can be controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the working current and the energizing time.

[0095] Furthermore, there are at least two sets of mating pins 33 and two sets of conductive posts 35. A set of mating pins 33 and a set of conductive posts 35 constitute a mounting position, and multiple mounting positions are arrayed on the rotating base 34.

[0096] This multi-mount design allows multiple atom releasers 31 to be installed simultaneously on a single rotor base 34. This increases the maximum capacity within the limited space of the electrode flange 21, extending the total effective operating time of the equipment without maintenance intervention and reducing system downtime.

[0097] Moreover, each mounting position and its connected atom releaser 31 can be electrically controlled via the corresponding conductive post 35. One or more atom sources can be selected and activated as needed, and the release rate and total amount of each source can be controlled. Even if a single atom releaser fails, it can be switched immediately to ensure uninterrupted operation of the equipment, making it more flexible to use.

[0098] Specifically, the wheel base 34 is made of insulating material.

[0099] The use of insulating materials provides electrical isolation between the various mounting positions and between the mounting positions and the electrode flange 21 body, thus avoiding the risk of short circuits.

[0100] Furthermore, the conductive component 36 includes an internal electrical connector 361 and an external electrical connector 362. The external electrical connector 362 is provided through and sealed on the electrode flange 21. The internal electrical connector 361 is detachably connected between the conductive post 35 and the external electrical connector 362.

[0101] Furthermore, the internal electrical connector 361 includes an electrode connector 5 and a base connector 6 that are detachably connected to the ends of two conductive posts 35 in a set, respectively.

[0102] The electrode flange 21 is provided with a feed hole 7, and the external electrical connector 362 includes a feed electrode 8;

[0103] The electrode flange 21 has multiple feed holes 7 in its circumferential array;

[0104] Feeding electrode 8 is sealed and fixed inside feed hole 7;

[0105] The feedthrough electrode 8 is sealed and fixed inside the feedthrough hole 7 using a standard and mature vacuum feedthrough process in the field. Specifically, the feedthrough electrode 8 is encapsulated in an insulating layer and a vacuum seal between the two is achieved by a high-temperature brazing process. A metal sleeve is fitted outside the insulating layer, and a vacuum seal is also formed between the metal sleeve and the wall of the feedthrough hole 7 of the electrode flange 21 by welding.

[0106] Electrode connector 5 is detachably connected to feedthrough electrode 8, and base connector 6 is detachably connected to electrode flange 21.

[0107] Based on the above electrical connection structure, the atom releaser 31 and the rotary base 34 together constitute an independently replaceable atom source module. When the atom source needs to be replaced, it is only necessary to disconnect the connection between the electrode connector 5 and the feed electrode 8, and the base connector 6 and the electrode flange 21. The entire rotary base 34, which includes all the atom releasers 31, can then be removed as a whole module. Subsequently, the pre-installed new module is inserted, and the electrode connector 5 and the base connector 6 are reconnected to restore the equipment operation. This modular design improves replacement efficiency and saves maintenance time.

[0108] Furthermore, the outer side of the rotary base 34 is provided with guide grooves 341, and the inner side of the electrode flange 21 is provided with guide lugs 342. The guide lugs 342 are adapted to the guide grooves 341. The inner side of the electrode flange 21 is also provided with abutment plate 343. The guide lugs 342 and abutment plate 343 are arranged sequentially along the direction in which the rotary base 34 moves into the electrode flange 21.

[0109] When the rotor base 34 is connected to the electrode flange 21, the electrode connector 5 in the internal electrical connector 361 is connected to the feed electrode 8, and the base connector 6 is connected to the guide lug 342.

[0110] Adjacent feed holes 7 and guide lugs 342 form a group, and the number of groups is the same as the number of atomic releasers 31;

[0111] The conductive pillars 35 and guide grooves 303 are distributed at intervals;

[0112] In the above scheme, when installing the rotary base 34, the operator only needs to push it along the guide groove 341 until it abuts against the back plate 343, and then rotate the rotary base 34 at a certain angle. Each of its electrode connectors 5 can be aligned with the corresponding feedthrough electrode 8, and each base connector 6 can also be aligned with the corresponding guide lug 342. The complex operation that requires multiple electrical contacts is achieved through a simple rotation and insertion action, which reduces the difficulty and requirements of operation.

[0113] Although not explicitly shown in the accompanying drawings, another specific implementation of connection port 2 is also provided in this application for further modularity and ease of maintenance:

[0114] Specifically, the connection port 2 also includes a connection flange that is fixedly connected to the vacuum optical cavity 1, and the electrode flange 21 is detachably and sealedly connected to the connection flange;

[0115] The connecting flange is integrally formed with the open end of the vacuum optical cavity 1 or fixedly connected by welding or other non-removable methods;

[0116] The electrode flange 21 serves as an intermediate interface, with an array of screw holes on both ends for connection. The side facing the connecting flange is the inner connecting surface, and the side facing the differential flange 41 is the outer connecting surface. Although the screw holes on these two connecting surfaces have parallel axes, they are located on different distribution circle diameters. That is, the inner screw hole is used to mate with the connecting flange, and the outer screw hole is used to mate with the differential flange 41. The two have different radial positions.

[0117] When performing a replacement operation, simply disconnect the connection between the electrode flange 21 and the connecting flange to remove the module consisting of the atomic source module 3 and the electrode flange 21, while the connecting flange remains fixed to the main cavity. This operational feature gives it an advantage in installation environments with limited space and difficult operation. At the same time, it also allows for the pre-assembly of sub-modules, which can further reduce system downtime and is suitable for application scenarios with limited maintenance windows and high requirements for continuous system operation.

[0118] This application also provides specific implementations of another connection port 2, differential flange 41, and push-light window 10:

[0119] Specifically, there are two connection ports 2, which are arranged facing each other on the vacuum optical cavity 1;

[0120] The port function module 4 is a differential flange 41, one end of which is detachably and sealed to a connection port 2, and the other end of which is detachably and sealed to an external device. A through hole 44 for exporting the cold atom beam is provided in the center of the flange.

[0121] Another connection port 2 is detachably and sealed to a push light window 10. The atomic source module 3 is located inside the vacuum optical cavity 1 and is detachably and sealed to the connection port 2 connected to the push light window 10.

[0122] Therefore, the modular configuration of the differential flange 41 does not necessarily have to be installed on the same connection port 2 as the atomic source module 3. It can be selectively installed on the same side as the atomic source module 3, or it can be set on the opposite side of the vacuum optical cavity 1, depending on the optical path design and maintenance requirements.

[0123] Working principle and usage process of this invention:

[0124] When the atom source is depleted, or when it is necessary to change the atom type or perform maintenance intervention, follow these steps:

[0125] Stop supplying power to the target atom releaser 31, disconnect the vacuum seal between the electrode flange 21 and the differential flange 41, and manually disconnect the connection between the separation electrode connector 5 and the feed electrode 8 and the conductive post 35, as well as the connection between the base connector 6 and the guide lug 342 and the conductive post 35, inside the electrode flange 21. Rotate the wheel base 34 at a certain angle, and use the cooperation of the guide groove 341 and the guide lug 342 to remove the entire wheel base 34 and all the atom releasers 31 installed on it from the electrode flange 21, thus completing the disassembly operation.

[0126] Then, align the spare atomic source module 31, pre-loaded with the new atomic source material 13, with the inside of the electrode flange 21, push it in along the guide direction until it contacts the backing plate 343, and then rotate it at a certain angle so that the conductive post 35 is opposite to the feed electrode 8 and the guide lug 342. Then, manually operate the connection between the electrode connector 5 and the feed electrode 8 and the conductive post 35, and the connection between the base connector 6 and the guide lug 342 and the conductive post 35 in sequence. Re-seal the differential flange 41 and the electrode flange 21 through the first knife edge 42, and seal the differential flange 41 with the external equipment through the second knife edge 43 to complete the installation operation.

[0127] By re-evacuating the vacuum optical cavity 1 and its connected modules to the required vacuum level, it can be restarted and put into normal operation.

[0128] Working current is introduced into the mounting feet 32 ​​of the U-shaped / V-shaped thin-walled metal pipe 311 by the feedthrough electrode 8, electrode connector 5, and conductive post 35 through an external power source. The current flows through the thin-walled metal pipe 311 and heats it through the Joule effect. The atomic source material 13 encapsulated in the pipe 311 is heated to generate atomic vapor, which is released into the vacuum optical cavity 1 through the channel 312 on the pipe.

[0129] Multiple pairs of cooled laser beams are incident from the first window 9, which is set facing each other on the side wall of the vacuum optical cavity 1, and intersect in the central region of the cavity to form a two-dimensional optical adhesive. When the hot atoms released from the atomic source diffuse into this region, they are effectively slowed down and cooled by the laser field and confined within the two-dimensional plane.

[0130] A push laser beam parallel to the preset cold atom beam direction is incident through the push optical window 10, smoothly pushing the cooled atoms out of the two-dimensional optical adhesive to form a collimated cold atom beam with directional motion. Driven by the vacuum pressure gradient, the beam passes through the through hole 44 in the center of the differential flange 41 and is led out to the vacuum area of ​​the external equipment for subsequent equipment to use.

[0131] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0132] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cold atom beam generator with a rapidly replaceable atomic source, characterized in that, include: The vacuum optical cavity (1) is a hollow cavity and is provided with at least one connection port (2); The atomic source module (3) is placed inside the vacuum optical cavity (1) and is detachably connected to the connection port (2) of the vacuum optical cavity (1); It also includes a port function module (4), which is detachably and sealed to the connection port (2) of the vacuum optical cavity (1).

2. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection port (2) includes an electrode flange (21). The atom source module (3) is detachably connected to the electrode flange (21) and its atom release end is located inside the vacuum optical cavity (1). The port function module (4) is detachably and sealed to the electrode flange (21).

3. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source of claim 2, wherein, The atomic source module (3) includes: At least one atom releaser (31) has at least two ends and the ends are provided with mounting feet (32); The electrode flange (21) is provided with at least one set of mating feet (33). One of the atomic releasers (31) is detachably connected to a set of mating feet (33) within the electrode flange (21) via mounting feet (32).

4. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source according to claim 3, characterized in that, The electrode flange (21) is provided with a rotating base (34), the docking foot (33) is provided on the rotating base (34), and at least one set of conductive posts (35) are provided through the rotating base (34). The mounting foot (32) of one of the atomic releasers (31) is electrically connected to a set of conductive posts (35), and the end of the conductive post (35) away from the mounting foot (32) is connected to a conductive element (36). The number of a set of said docking feet (33) is at least two, the number of a set of said conductive posts (35) is two, a set of said docking feet (33) and a set of said conductive posts (35) constitute a mounting position, and a plurality of said mounting positions are arrayed on the wheel base (34); The wheel base (34) is made of insulating material.

5. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source of claim 4, wherein, The conductive component (36) includes an internal electrical connector (361) and an external electrical connector (362). The external electrical connector (362) is provided through and sealed on the electrode flange (21). The internal electrical connector (361) is detachably connected between the conductive post (35) and the external electrical connector (362).

6. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source of claim 5, wherein, The internal electrical connector (361) includes an electrode connector (5) and a base connector (6) that are detachably connected to the ends of two of the conductive posts (35) in a set, respectively. The electrode flange (21) is provided with a feed hole (7), and the external electrical connector (362) includes a feed electrode (8). The feedthrough hole (7) is sealed and fixed with a feedthrough electrode (8). The electrode connector (5) is detachably connected to the feedthrough electrode (8). The base connector (6) is detachably connected to the electrode flange (21).

7. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source of claim 6, wherein, The outer side of the rotating base (34) is provided with guide grooves (341), and the inner side of the electrode flange (21) is provided with guide lugs (342). The guide lugs (342) are adapted to the guide grooves (341). The inner side of the electrode flange (21) is also provided with a stop plate (343). The guide lugs (342) and the stop plate (343) are arranged sequentially along the direction in which the rotating base (34) moves into the electrode flange (21). When the wheel base (34) is connected to the electrode flange (21), the electrode connector (5) in the internal electrical connector (361) is connected to the feed electrode (8), and the base connector (6) is connected to the guide lug (342).

8. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source according to claim 3, characterized in that, The atom release device (31) includes a pipe (311), the two ends of which are sealed to form mounting feet (32), the pipe (311) contains atomic source material (13), and the pipe (311) has a channel (312) for the atom to escape. The pipe (311) is either U-shaped or V-shaped.

9. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source of claim 1, wherein, The vacuum optical cavity (1) has multiple optical windows on its cavity wall; The optical window includes: At least two pairs of first windows (9) are arranged facing each other, and the cooling laser beams pass through the first windows (9) and intersect in the vacuum optical cavity (1) to form a two-dimensional optical adhesive. At least one push light window (10) is provided, through which a push laser beam parallel to the direction of the cold atom beam passes.

10. The cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source of claim 9, wherein, The port function module (4) is a differential flange (41); The differential flange (41) is detachably and sealingly connected to the connection port (2) via the first blade (42), and is detachably and sealingly connected to external equipment via the second blade (43); The differential flange (41) has a through hole (44) at its center for discharging the cold atom beam.

11. A cold atom beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic sources according to claim 9, characterized in that, The number of connection ports (2) is two and they are arranged facing each other on the vacuum optical cavity (1); The port function module (4) is a differential flange (41), one end of which is detachably and sealed to a connection port (2), and the other end of which is detachably and sealed to an external device, and a through hole (44) for exporting cold atom beam is provided in its center. The push light window (10) is detachably and sealed to another connection port (2), and the atomic source module (3) is disposed in the vacuum optical cavity (1) and detachably and sealed to the connection port (2) connected to the push light window (10).

12. A cold atom beam generator with a rapidly replaceable atomic source according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, The electrode flange (21) is fixedly connected to the vacuum optical cavity (1).

13. A cold atom beam generator with a rapidly replaceable atomic source according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, The connection port (2) also includes a connection flange that is fixedly connected to the vacuum optical cavity (1), and the electrode flange (21) is detachably and sealed to the connection flange.

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