Method for planting astragalus membranaceus and microbial agent

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of astragalus membranaceus planting, and discloses a method for planting astragalus membranaceus and a microbial agent. The method for planting astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps: (1) soil improvement: applying a microbial agent and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; wherein the microbial agent comprises the following viable bacteria: bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus circulans, bacillus mucilaginosus and the like, and the microbial agent comprises the following viable bacteria: bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus circulans, bacillus mucilaginosus and the like, and the microbial agent comprises the following viable bacteria: bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus circulans, bacillus mucilaginosus and the like. (2) seed screening; (3) sowing; (4) field management. According to the astragalus membranaceus planting method, under the cooperation of all the steps, the yield and quality of astragalus membranaceus can be effectively improved, and the content of astragalus polysaccharide and astragalus membranaceus total flavonoids in astragalus membranaceus is obviously increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Astragalus membranaceus cultivation technology, specifically to a method for cultivating Astragalus membranaceus and a microbial agent. Background Technology

[0002] Astragalus is a traditional Chinese tonic herb, now classified as a Class III protected plant in my country. It possesses various medicinal properties, including tonifying qi and strengthening the exterior, promoting diuresis and detoxification, invigorating qi and supporting healthy qi, and nourishing the complexion. In recent years, over a hundred kinds of traditional Chinese medicine preparations have been made from astragalus, with an annual demand exceeding ten thousand tons. With increasing public awareness of health and the significant role of traditional Chinese medicine in disease prevention and treatment, the cultivation industry of medicinal herbs, including astragalus, has ushered in a rare development opportunity. At the same time, traditional cultivation techniques are facing severe challenges.

[0003] In existing traditional planting techniques, to meet the increasing yield demands each year, farmers have applied excessive amounts of chemical fertilizers to the soil. While existing chemical fertilizers, containing components such as sodium nitrate, superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate, can quickly provide nutrients to plants and ensure stable crop yields, long-term application of chemical fertilizers can damage soil aggregate structure, causing soil compaction. Furthermore, the relatively simple composition of chemical fertilizers can lead to nutrient imbalances in the soil over time, resulting in nutritional deficiencies and a decline in crop quality. In addition, blind and unscientific planting methods are also widespread, leading to soil acidification, compaction, and nutrient imbalances. Consequently, problems with Astragalus cultivation gradually emerge, such as declining quality, frequent pest and disease outbreaks, and continuous cropping obstacles, ultimately leading to food safety issues and economic losses.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to explore a green, environmentally friendly, and sustainable organic farming method that can both guarantee the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus and reduce the damage to the soil, water, and other environmental factors caused by farming activities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and to provide a method for planting Astragalus membranaceus and a microbial agent. This method, combined with the application of the microbial agent, can effectively improve the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus and also overcome the problem of declining soil quality.

[0006] The inventors of this invention have discovered that microbial agents containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, and Bacillus mucilaginosus can inhibit soil-borne diseases and decompose fertilizer and pesticide residues. These agents, when combined with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria such as Acinetobacter brisouii, potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Stenotrophomonas sp.), nitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces hygrospinosus), are particularly suitable for improving soils previously used for Astragalus membranaceus cultivation, promoting Astragalus membranaceus growth, increasing Astragalus membranaceus yield, and preventing Astragalus membranaceus black spot disease.

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for cultivating Astragalus membranaceus, wherein the method includes:

[0008] (1) Soil improvement: application of microbial agents and NPK compound fertilizer; wherein, the microbial agents include the following live bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter vinelandii), nitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobactersp.), potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces hygrospinosus); wherein, the Bacillus subtilis includes Bacillus natto;

[0009] (2) Seed screening;

[0010] (3) Sowing;

[0011] (4) Field management.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent comprises the following live bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter vinelandii), nitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobacters p.), potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces hygrospinosus); wherein the Bacillus subtilis includes Bacillus natto.

[0013] The Astragalus planting method provided by this invention, through the coordinated steps, can effectively improve the yield and quality of Astragalus, significantly increase the content of Astragalus polysaccharides and total Astragalus flavonoids, accelerate the germination speed and increase the germination rate, and avoid problems such as soil pH imbalance, soil compaction, and frequent pests and diseases caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers and continuous planting.

[0014] The various fertilizers in the method for planting Astragalus provided by this invention can provide sufficient nutrients for crops to ensure the needs of plant growth and development; in particular, microbial agents have balanced nutrients, which can promote the absorption of nutrients by plants, regulate the pH value of the soil, improve the soil aggregate structure, and reduce and prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests, such as black spot disease.

[0015] The planting method provided by this invention avoids the use of chemicals, reduces pesticide residues, ensures the safety of medicinal materials, and achieves green, environmentally friendly, and sustainable planting. The improved method of this invention can gradually reduce cultivation obstacles year after year, enabling high-yield and high-quality continuous planting of Astragalus membranaceus. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0017] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for cultivating Astragalus membranaceus, wherein the method includes:

[0018] (1) Soil improvement: application of microbial agents and NPK compound fertilizer; wherein, the microbial agents include the following live bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter vinelandii), nitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobactersp.), potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces hygrospinosus); wherein, the Bacillus subtilis includes Bacillus natto;

[0019] (2) Seed screening;

[0020] (3) Sowing;

[0021] (4) Field management.

[0022] The inventors have discovered that the above-mentioned method of planting Astragalus membranaceus by applying microbial agents can effectively improve problems such as soil pH imbalance, soil compaction, frequent pests and diseases, decreased content of effective components in Astragalus membranaceus, and reduced yield caused by unreasonable and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and continuous planting. It is beneficial to improve the soil in Astragalus membranaceus planting areas and increase the yield of Astragalus membranaceus and the content of effective components in Astragalus membranaceus.

[0023] In step (4), preferably, the field management includes fertilization, and the fertilizer used for fertilization is preferably a microbial agent. The agent can be a microbial agent commonly used in the art. In order to further improve the yield and effective ingredient content of Astragalus membranaceus, it is more preferably the same microbial agent as in step (1), and even more preferably the microbial agent of the present invention that does not contain other substrates.

[0024] In this invention, step (1) further includes deep swirling of the soil during application, wherein the depth of the deep swirling soil is more than 50 cm, preferably 50-100 cm.

[0025] In this invention, the microbial agent can be in liquid or dry powder form.

[0026] In this invention, preferably, in step (1), the dry weight content of each bacterium in the dry basis of the microbial agent is: 10-30% Bacillus subtilis, 10-30% Bacillus licheniformis, 5-20% Bacillus circulans, 3-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-20% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-10% nitrifying bacteria, 5-30% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 5-30% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-10% actinomycetes.

[0027] In this invention, more preferably, in step (1), the dry weight content of each bacterium in the dry basis of the microbial agent is: 10-28% Bacillus subtilis, 10-25% Bacillus licheniformis, 8-18% Bacillus circulans, 8-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-10% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5% nitrifying bacteria, 8-20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 8-20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria and 1-8% actinomycetes.

[0028] More preferably, in step (1), the dry weight content of each bacterium in the dry basis of the microbial agent is: 10-20% Bacillus subtilis, 10-15% Bacillus licheniformis, 11-18% Bacillus circulans, 8-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-10% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5% nitrifying bacteria, 8-20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 8-20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-8% actinomycetes.

[0029] In this invention, preferably, the dry weight of the Bacillus natto cells accounts for 10-35% of the dry weight of the Bacillus subtilis cells, more preferably 10-25%, and even more preferably 10-20%.

[0030] More preferably, in step (1), the dry weight content of each bacterium in the microbial agent is as follows: 10-28% Bacillus subtilis, 13-25% Bacillus licheniformis, 8-18% Bacillus circulans, 8%-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-10% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5% nitrifying bacteria, 8-20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 8-20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-8% actinomycetes, and the Bacillus natto accounts for 10-25% of the dry weight of the Bacillus subtilis cells.

[0031] More preferably, in step (1), the dry weight content of each bacterium in the dry basis of the microbial agent is: 10-20% Bacillus subtilis, 10-15% Bacillus licheniformis, 11-18% Bacillus circulans, 8-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-10% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5% nitrifying bacteria, 8-20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 8-20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-8% actinomycetes, and the Bacillus natto accounts for 10-20% of the dry weight of the Bacillus subtilis cells.

[0032] Preferably, the strain of Bacillus subtilis is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 60364; and optionally, the Bacillus natto strain is purchased from Yantai Hongyuan Bio-fertilizer Co., Ltd.

[0033] Preferably, the strain number of the Bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC 1.8805.

[0034] Preferably, the strain of Bacillus circulans is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 03133.

[0035] Preferably, the strain number of the gelatinous Bacillus is CICC 23575.

[0036] Preferably, the strain number of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is CGMCC 1.7741.

[0037] Preferably, the nitrifying bacteria strain is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 02116.

[0038] Preferably, the strain of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 60234.

[0039] Preferably, the strain number of the potassium-solubilizing bacteria is CGMCC 1.9046.

[0040] Preferably, the actinomycete strain is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 40015.

[0041] Preferably, the strain of Bacillus natto is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 10614.

[0042] Using the aforementioned strains and specific amounts of microbial agents can further enhance the soil improvement effect. Furthermore, the inventors of this invention have discovered that applying the above-mentioned microbial agents during the Astragalus membranaceus growing season until harvest can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and further increase the yield of Astragalus membranaceus and the content of its effective components, including Astragalus polysaccharides and total Astragalus flavonoids.

[0043] In this invention, in order to further improve the soil improvement effect on Astragalus membranaceus planting sites and increase soil nutrients, preferably, the microbial agent also includes a substrate, and the substrate is more preferably fermentation material and trace element material.

[0044] Preferably, the weight ratio of the fermentation material to the trace element material is (5-20):1, more preferably (10-20):1, and even more preferably (10-15):1.

[0045] Preferably, the weight ratio of the fermentation material to the microbial agent is (2-8):1, more preferably (2.5-4):1, and even more preferably (3-4):1.

[0046] Preferably, the fermentation materials include animal manure, plant straw, mushroom sticks, and soybean meal.

[0047] In this invention, the animal excrement is the excrement conventionally used in the art, such as sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, and chicken manure, preferably chicken manure and sheep manure. The weight ratio of the chicken manure and sheep manure is preferably 1:(0.2-5), for example, it can be 1:0.2, 1:0.5, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:4.5, 1:5, and any range and any value within the range of the above values, more preferably 1:(0.2-3).

[0048] In this invention, the plant straw can be plant straw commonly used in the art, such as corn straw, sorghum straw, etc.

[0049] In this invention, more preferably, the weight ratio of the animal manure, plant straw, mushroom sticks and soybean meal is (2-10):(1-6):(0.2-2):1, and even more preferably (4-10):(2-6):(0.8-2):1.

[0050] More preferably, the trace element material is selected from at least one of volcanic powder, shell powder and seaweed powder, more preferably volcanic powder, shell powder and seaweed powder, and even more preferably, the weight ratio of volcanic powder, shell powder and seaweed powder is 1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5).

[0051] In this invention, preferably, in step (1), 1-1.5 tons of the microbial agent are applied per acre of soil.

[0052] In this invention, preferably, in step (1), 20-40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu of soil.

[0053] In this invention, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer can be a compound fertilizer containing chemical elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that is commonly used in the art. The nitrogen content can account for 10-20% of the dry basis of the compound fertilizer, the phosphorus content can account for 1-10% of the dry basis of the compound fertilizer, and the potassium content can account for 1-10% of the dry basis of the compound fertilizer.

[0054] In this invention, preferably, in step (1), sowing is carried out 1-3 days after applying various fertilizers.

[0055] In this invention, seed screening can be carried out according to conventional methods in the art. Preferably, in step (2), seed screening includes screening seeds with a root black spot rate of less than 1% and / or a root rot rate of less than 0.5%. In this invention, root black spots refer to dark brown, tiger-skin-like spots appearing on the roots, and root rot refers to root decay that affects the crop's water and nutrient absorption.

[0056] Preferably, the seeds used in the seed screening are those of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bunge) PKHsiao.

[0057] In this invention, in order to improve the seed germination rate and prevent pests and diseases, preferably, step (3) includes soaking and mixing the seeds before sowing.

[0058] In this invention, the seed soaking and / or seed dressing are carried out in a soaking solution, the composition of which is as follows: 20-30% Bacillus subtilis, 20-30% Bacillus licheniformis, 20-30% Bacillus circulans, and 20-30% Bacillus mucilaginosa. This soaking solution, composed of the above-mentioned microorganisms, is particularly suitable for soaking and dressing Astragalus membranaceus seeds, and is more beneficial for preventing pests and diseases during Astragalus membranaceus cultivation.

[0059] In this invention, preferably, 0.2-0.8 liters of soaking solution are used per kilogram of Astragalus seeds. The soaking is sufficient to completely wet the seed coat.

[0060] Preferably, in step (3), sowing further includes: sowing at a soil temperature of 5-20℃, more preferably 5-10℃; and / or, the row spacing for sowing is 30-40cm and the seed amount is 1-1.5kg / mu.

[0061] In step (4), preferably, the amount of microbial agent applied per mu of soil is 10-30 liters / time; the number of times the microbial agent is applied is preferably 1-3 times per month until the Astragalus membranaceus is harvested.

[0062] The method for cultivating Astragalus membranaceus provided by this invention overcomes the problems of soil pH imbalance, soil compaction, frequent pests and diseases, decreased content of effective components of Astragalus membranaceus, and reduced yield caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and continuous planting in the original planting area by adjusting the conditions of each step and the composition and amount of fertilizer used, thereby improving the yield per mu.

[0063] A second aspect of the present invention provides a microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent comprises the following live bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter vinelandii), nitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobacters p.), potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces hygrospinosus); wherein the Bacillus subtilis includes Bacillus natto.

[0064] The microbial agent described in the second aspect of the present invention has the same composition and content of each component as the microbial agent described in the method of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0065] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a microbial inoculant, the method comprising fermenting the fermentation material and then mixing it with the trace element material and the microbial inoculant, wherein the microbial inoculant is the microbial inoculant used in the method for planting Astragalus membranaceus described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0066] The composition and content of microorganisms in the fermentation materials, trace element materials, and microbial agents are consistent with the first aspect of this invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0067] In this invention, the fermentation can be carried out in the presence of fermentation bacteria. The fermentation method and conditions can be conventional means in the art. For example, the fermentation method can be membrane fermentation, which refers to a composting method that uses a functional membrane as a covering layer. This membrane has one-way permeability, allowing internal water vapor to pass through while preventing external water vapor from entering. Furthermore, large molecules of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide cannot permeate to the outside, thus providing excellent environmental protection and odor-proofing effects.

[0068] During fermentation, the moisture content of the fermentation system containing fermentation bacteria and fermentation materials can be controlled at 45-55% by weight; the fermentation temperature can be 40-60℃; and turning can be performed during fermentation. The fermentation bacteria can also be those commonly used in the field.

[0069] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, 1-5 kg ​​of fermentation microorganisms are added to every 2000 kg of the material on a dry basis.

[0070] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art, and the reagents used are conventional reagents that are commercially available.

[0071] In this invention, one mu (a Chinese unit of area) is 667 square meters.

[0072] The detection method for Astragalus polysaccharides is determined by the phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid colorimetric method, and the result is the total flavonoid content of Astragalus in dry Astragalus.

[0073] The method for detecting total flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus was: ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the result was the content of total flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus on a dry basis.

[0074] The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer was purchased from Huaqiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Each kilogram of the compound fertilizer contains ≥25% by weight of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, 5% by weight of phosphorus pentoxide, 5% by weight of potassium oxide, and 15% by weight of nitrogen.

[0075] In the organic cultivation method of Astragalus membranaceus, the composition of the soaking solution for soaking and mixing seeds is as follows (per kilogram): Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, and Bacillus mucilaginosus, with the weight content of each bacterial species being consistent.

[0076] The planting area for each embodiment and comparative example is 0.5 mu.

[0077] Examples of microbial inoculant preparations Z1-Z5

[0078] This preparation example illustrates the preparation of microbial inoculants.

[0079] (1) Unless otherwise specified, the types of microorganisms in the microbial inoculant are as follows:

[0080] Bacillus subtilis, strain from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the number ACCC 60364.

[0081] Bacillus licheniformis, CGMCC 1.8805, was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0082] Bacillus circulans, strain from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the number ACCC 03133.

[0083] Bacillus mucilaginosus, CICC 23575, was purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center.

[0084] Azotobacter vinelandii (brown azotobacter), CGMCC 1.7741, was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0085] Nitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina), strain obtained from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and numbered ACCC 02116.

[0086] Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobacter sp.), strain obtained from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and numbered ACCC 60234.

[0087] Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, strain number CGMCC 1.9046, was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0088] The strain of Bacillus natto was obtained from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and was numbered ACCC10614.

[0089] The strain of *Streptomyces hygrospinosus* was obtained from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 40015.

[0090] (2) Unless otherwise specified, the types of live microorganisms and the dry weight of cells (unit: grams) in each kilogram of microbial agent dry base are as shown in the table below.

[0091] Preparation method: The seed liquid of each strain is inoculated into its respective culture medium and cultured at a suitable temperature. When the growth reaches the logarithmic phase, the culture media are mixed to obtain the microbial agent.

[0092] Table Z1

[0093]

[0094] Example Z5 of microbial inoculant preparation

[0095] The formula of microbial agent preparation example Z1 was followed, except that the strain of Bacillus subtilis was replaced with strain BNCC 190341 (Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis), which was purchased from the Beijing Beina Biotechnology Culture Preservation Bank in China.

[0096] Example Z6 of microbial inoculant preparation

[0097] The formula for preparing microbial inoculants was the same as in Example Z1, except that the strain of Bacillus licheniformis was replaced with strain CGMCC NO.27002, which was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0098] Comparative Preparation Example Z1 of Microbial Inoculants

[0099] The method is the same as that used in the preparation of microbial agents, except that no Bacillus circulatoryus is added.

[0100] Microbial inoculant comparison ratio Z2

[0101] The method is the same as that used in the preparation of microbial agents, except that gelatinous Bacillus is not added.

[0102] Microbial inoculant comparison ratio Z3

[0103] The method of preparing microbial inoculants is the same as in Example Z1, except that Bacillus subtilis is replaced with Bacillus flexus, strain number CCTCC AB 206923.

[0104] Comparative Preparation Example Z4 of Microbial Inoculants

[0105] The method of preparing microbial inoculants is the same as in Example Z1, except that Bacillus licheniformis is replaced with Bacillus funiculus, strain number ACCC 03244.

[0106] Comparative Preparation Example Z5 of Microbial Inoculants

[0107] The method of preparing microbial inoculants is the same as in Example Z1, except that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is replaced with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain number CGMCC 1.15674.

[0108] Examples of microbial inoculant preparations Y1-Y5

[0109] This preparation example illustrates the preparation of microbial agents containing a substrate.

[0110] Preparation method:

[0111] (1) Chicken manure, sheep manure, corn stalks, mushroom sticks and soybean meal are used as materials. They are poured into a mixing and stirring equipment and stirred for 40 minutes at a speed of 200 rpm and a temperature of 25℃ to make the components evenly mixed. Then, fermentation bacteria are added for fermentation. 1-2 kg of fermentation bacteria are added to 2000 kg of dry material. The effective live bacteria count in the fermentation bacteria is ≥20 billion / g. The moisture content of the material containing fermentation bacteria is controlled at 55±5% by weight. All indicators of the soybean meal used meet GB / T 19541-2004.

[0112] (2) Cover all materials in S1 with a membrane for fermentation: the temperature and duration of each temperature zone during the fermentation process are 50±5℃; when the temperature inside the pile rises to 45℃, turn it over once, and turn it over three times to complete the fermentation.

[0113] (3) The fermented material is subjected to high-temperature sterilization to obtain fermented material;

[0114] (4) Mix the trace element materials and microbial agents with the above fermentation materials to obtain the microbial agent material.

[0115] Table Y1

[0116]

[0117] Example of microbial inoculant preparation Y6-10

[0118] The preparation method and the amount of each material are the same as in Microbial Agent Preparation Example Y1, except that the microbial agent used is the agent obtained in Microbial Agent Preparation Examples Z2-Z6.

[0119] Comparative preparation examples of microbial inoculants Y1-Y5

[0120] The preparation method and the amount of each material were the same as in Microbial Agent Preparation Example Y1, except that the microbial agent used was the same as that obtained in Microbial Agent Comparative Preparation Examples Z1-Z5.

[0121] Preparation Example

[0122] This example is used to illustrate the screening of Astragalus membranaceus seeds.

[0123] Thirty samples of Astragalus membranaceus seeds from different sources were collected. The appearance, size, shape and other characteristics of the seeds were observed and analyzed. Further planting experiments were conducted to select high-quality Astragalus membranaceus seeds with good growth, 0% black spot rate on roots and 0% root rot rate for planting.

[0124] Example 1

[0125] This example illustrates the organic cultivation method of Astragalus membranaceus.

[0126] S1. Soil Improvement: Soil is the foundation for crop growth. Till the planting area to a depth of 70cm to break up the plow pan, then till twice, level and harrow finely. Simultaneously apply the microbial inoculant prepared in Example Y1 and NPK compound fertilizer as base fertilizer.

[0127] The application rate of microbial inoculant is 1.3 tons per mu, and the application rate of NPK compound fertilizer is 30 kg per mu. Sow the seeds 2 days after application.

[0128] S2. Seed selection: Following the method in the preparation example, select seeds with excellent varieties and strong resistance. Soak the seeds in the soaking solution for 1.2 hours and mix them with the solution. Use 0.5 liters of soaking solution per kilogram of seeds.

[0129] S3. Sowing: Prepare for sowing by using mechanical furrowing and manual drip irrigation tape laying. Sow when the local temperature is 5-10℃, with a row spacing of 30cm and a seed rate of 1.5kg / mu. Sow the seeds evenly in the furrows, cover with soil, cover with 2.5cm of soil, lightly compact, and water thoroughly to maintain soil moisture.

[0130] S4. Field management: irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest and disease control.

[0131] During the entire growth period, it is important to apply fertilizer rationally, using microbial inoculants. The dosage of microbial inoculants is 10 liters per acre, diluted 500 times before application, once a month per acre for 6 consecutive months. During the seedling stage after sowing, manual weeding is crucial to prevent weeds from competing with Astragalus membranaceus for nutrients and water. Weeding should be done as promptly as possible, avoiding the use of chemical herbicides. Insect-attracting lamps should be installed, and regular field inspections should be conducted. If pests or diseases are found, measures should be taken promptly, avoiding the use of chemical insecticides. The microbial inoculant used is the one obtained in Microbial Inoculant Preparation Example Z1.

[0132] The following table compares the planting methods with the original methods:

[0133] Original planting method:

[0134] As a comparison, the specific method is the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0135] S1: Replace the microbial inoculant with potassium humate fertilizer; the composition and content of each kilogram of this fertilizer on a dry basis are humic acid ≥65%, humic acid ≥50%, and potassium oxide ≥12%.

[0136] S4: Apply S-rich potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, which is commonly used in this field, during field management. The weight content of N, P2O5 and K2O each accounts for 15% of the total weight of the fertilizer, and the total nutrients are ≥45% by weight, which meets the requirements of "Compound Fertilizer" (GB / T 15063-2020). The application rate is 20 kg per mu, and top dressing is applied once every two months.

[0137] Table S1

[0138]

[0139] Example 2

[0140] This example illustrates the organic cultivation method of Astragalus membranaceus.

[0141] S1. Land preparation: Based on the physical and chemical properties test data of the planted land, the land is prepared by deep rotary tillage to a depth of 75 cm to break up the plow pan, followed by two rotary tillages, and then leveling and harrowing.

[0142] Simultaneously apply base fertilizer, including microbial inoculant prepared in Example Y2 (1.2 tons per mu) and NPK compound fertilizer (35 kg per mu). Sow one day after application.

[0143] S2. Seed selection: Following the method in the preparation example, select seeds with excellent varieties and strong resistance. Soak the seeds in the soaking solution for 1.2 hours and mix them with the solution. Use 0.5 liters of soaking solution per kilogram of seeds.

[0144] S3. Sowing: Prepare for sowing by using mechanical furrowing and manual drip irrigation tape laying. Sow when the local temperature is 5-10℃, with a row spacing of 35 cm and a seed rate of 1.3 kg per mu. Sow the seeds evenly in the furrows, cover with 2.5 cm of soil, lightly compact, and water thoroughly to maintain soil moisture.

[0145] S4. Field management: irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest and disease control.

[0146] During the entire growth period, it is important to apply fertilizer rationally, using microbial inoculants. The dosage of microbial inoculants is 15 liters per acre, diluted 500 times before application. Fertilize twice a month per acre until harvest. During the seedling stage after sowing, pay attention to manual weeding to prevent weeds from competing with Astragalus for nutrients and water. Weeding should be done as promptly as possible, avoiding the use of chemical herbicides. Install insect-attracting lamps and conduct regular field inspections, avoiding the use of chemical insecticides. The microbial inoculant used is the one obtained in Microbial Inoculant Preparation Example Z1.

[0147] Original planting method:

[0148] As a comparison, the specific method is the same as in Example 2, except that:

[0149] S1: Replace the microbial inoculant with potassium humate fertilizer; the composition and content of each kilogram of this fertilizer on a dry basis are humic acid ≥65%, humic acid ≥50%, and potassium oxide ≥12%.

[0150] S4: Apply S-rich potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, which is commonly used in this field, during field management. The weight content of N, P2O5 and K2O each accounts for 15% of the total weight of the fertilizer, and the total nutrients are ≥45% by weight, which meets the requirements of "Compound Fertilizer" (GB / T 15063-2020). The application rate is 20 kg per mu, and top dressing is applied once every two months.

[0151] The following table compares the planting methods with the original methods:

[0152] Table S2

[0153]

[0154] Example 3

[0155] S1. Land Preparation: Based on the physical and chemical properties of the land, perform deep tillage to a depth of 80 cm to break up the plow pan, then till twice, level and harrow finely. Simultaneously apply base fertilizer: 1.5 tons of the microbial inoculant prepared in Example Y3 per mu, and 30 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per mu. Sow on the same day after application.

[0156] S2. Seed selection: Following the method in the preparation example, select seeds with excellent varieties and strong resistance. Soak the seeds in the soaking solution for 1.2 hours and mix them with the solution. Use 0.5 liters of soaking solution per kilogram of seeds.

[0157] S3. Sowing: Prepare for sowing by using mechanical furrowing and manual drip irrigation tape laying. Sow when the local temperature is 5-10℃, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a seed rate of 1 kg per mu. Sow the seeds evenly in the furrows, cover with 2.5 cm of soil, lightly compact, and water thoroughly to maintain soil moisture.

[0158] S4. Field management: irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest and disease control.

[0159] During the entire growth period, it is important to apply fertilizer rationally. The fertilizer used is the microbial inoculant prepared in Example Z1. The dosage of the microbial inoculant is 20 liters per acre, diluted 500 times before application. Fertilize 3 times per acre per month until harvest. During the seedling stage after sowing, pay attention to manual weeding to avoid competition for nutrients and water between weeds and astragalus. Weeding should be done as promptly as possible, and chemical herbicides should be avoided. Install insect-attracting lamps and conduct regular field inspections, avoiding the use of chemical insecticides.

[0160] Original planting method:

[0161] As a comparison, the specific method is the same as in Example 3, except that:

[0162] S1: Replace the microbial inoculant with potassium humate fertilizer; the composition and content of each kilogram of this fertilizer on a dry basis are humic acid ≥65%, humic acid ≥50%, and potassium oxide ≥12%.

[0163] S4: Apply S-rich potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, which is commonly used in this field, during field management. The weight content of N, P2O5 and K2O each accounts for 15% of the total weight of the fertilizer, and the total nutrients are ≥45% by weight, which meets the requirements of "Compound Fertilizer" (GB / T 15063-2020). The application rate is 20 kg per mu, and top dressing is applied once every two months.

[0164] The following table compares the planting methods with the original methods:

[0165] Table S3

[0166]

[0167]

[0168] Examples 4-10

[0169] The method was the same as in Example 1, except that the microbial agents used for land improvement were those obtained from microbial agent preparation examples Y4-Y10, and the corresponding microbial agents Z1-Z6 from microbial agent preparation examples Y4-Y10 were used for field management. The results are shown in Table S4.

[0170] Comparative Examples 1-5

[0171] The method of Example 1 was followed, except that the applied microbial agent was the microbial agent prepared in Comparative Examples Y1-Y5, and the corresponding microbial agent Z from the microbial agent preparation examples was applied during field management. The results are shown in Table S4.

[0172] Original planting method:

[0173] As a comparison, the specific method is the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0174] S1: Replace the microbial inoculant with potassium humate fertilizer; the composition and content of each kilogram of this fertilizer on a dry basis are humic acid ≥65%, humic acid ≥50%, and potassium oxide ≥12%.

[0175] S4: Apply S-rich potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, which is commonly used in this field, during field management. The weight content of N, P2O5 and K2O each accounts for 15% of the total weight of the fertilizer, and the total nutrients are ≥45% by weight, which meets the requirements of "Compound Fertilizer" (GB / T 15063-2020). The application rate is 20 kg per mu, and top dressing is applied once every two months.

[0176] Table S4

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] Compared with the original planting site and the original planting method, the yield of Astragalus membranaceus planted in the above embodiments is increased. Among them, the yield of Astragalus membranaceus is higher in Embodiments 1-5, and the content of effective components of Astragalus membranaceus is higher in Embodiments 1-3.

[0180] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Astragalus membranaceus, characterized in that, The method includes: (1) Soil improvement: application of microbial agents and NPK compound fertilizer; wherein, the microbial agents include the following live bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter vinelandii), nitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobactersp.), potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces hygrospinosus); wherein, the Bacillus subtilis includes Bacillus natto; (2) Seed screening; (3) Sowing; (4) Field management.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In step (1), the dry weight content of each bacterium in the dry basis of the microbial agent is as follows: 10-30% Bacillus subtilis, 10-30% Bacillus licheniformis, 5-20% Bacillus circulans, 3-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-20% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-10% nitrifying bacteria, 5-30% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 5-30% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-10% actinomycetes; Preferably, in step (1), the dry weight content of each bacterium in the dry basis of the microbial agent is: 10-20% Bacillus subtilis, 10-25% Bacillus licheniformis, 8-18% Bacillus circulans, 8-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-10% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5% nitrifying bacteria, 8-20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 8-20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-8% actinomycetes; More preferably, in step (1), the dry weight content of each bacterium in the dry basis of the microbial agent is: 10-20% Bacillus subtilis, 10-15% Bacillus licheniformis, 11-18% Bacillus circulans, 8-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-10% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5% nitrifying bacteria, 8-20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 8-20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria and 1-8% actinomycetes; Preferably, the dry weight of the Bacillus natto cells accounts for 10-35% of the dry weight of the Bacillus subtilis cells, more preferably 10-25%, and even more preferably 10-20%.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The strain of Bacillus subtilis is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 60364; Preferably, the strain number of the Bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC 1.8805; Preferably, the strain of Bacillus circulans is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 03133; Preferably, the strain of Bacillus gelatinosa is from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered CICC 23575; Preferably, the strain of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is numbered CGMCC 1.7741; Preferably, the strain of nitrifying bacteria is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC02116; Preferably, the strain of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC60234; Preferably, the strain of the potassium-solubilizing bacteria is numbered CGMCC 1.9046; Preferably, the actinomycete strain is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC40015; Preferably, the strain of Bacillus natto is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 10614.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The microbial inoculant also includes fermentation materials and trace element materials; Preferably, the weight ratio of the fermentation material to the trace element material is (5-20):1, more preferably (10-20):1, and even more preferably (10-15):1; Preferably, the weight ratio of the fermentation material to the microbial agent is (2-8):1, more preferably (2.5-4):1, and even more preferably (3-4):1; Preferably, the fermentation materials include animal manure, plant straw, mushroom sticks, and soybean meal; More preferably, the weight ratio of the animal manure, plant straw, mushroom sticks and soybean meal is (2-10):(1-6):(0.2-2):1, and even more preferably (4-10):(2-6):(0.8-2):1; Preferably, the trace element material is selected from at least one of volcanic powder, shell powder, and seaweed powder. Preferably, in step (1), 1-1.5 tons of the microbial agent are applied per acre of soil; Preferably, in step (1), 20-40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu of soil.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, In step (2), seed screening includes screening seeds with a root black spot rate of less than 1% and / or a root rot rate of less than 0.5%. Preferably, step (3) further includes soaking and mixing the seeds before sowing; Preferably, in step (3), sowing further includes: sowing at a soil temperature of 5-20℃; and / or, the row spacing for sowing is 30-40cm and the seed amount is 1-1.5kg / mu.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, In step (4), the field management includes fertilization; Preferably, the fertilizer used for fertilization is a microbial inoculant; More preferably, the microbial agent is the same as the microbial agent in step (1); More preferably, in step (4), the amount of the microbial agent applied per acre of soil is 10-30 liters per application; More preferably, in step (4), the microbial agent is applied 1-3 times per month per acre of soil until the Astragalus membranaceus is harvested.

7. A microbial inoculant, characterized in that, The microbial agent includes the following live bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter vinelandii), nitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas mendocina), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobacters p.), potassium-solubilizing bacteria (Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces hygrospinosus); wherein, the Bacillus subtilis includes Bacillus natto.

8. The microbial agent according to claim 7, wherein, The dry weight content of each bacterium in the microbial agent is as follows: 10-30% Bacillus subtilis, 10-30% Bacillus licheniformis, 5-20% Bacillus circulans, 3-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-20% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-10% nitrifying bacteria, 5-30% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 5-30% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-10% actinomycetes; Preferably, the dry weight content of each bacterium in the microbial agent is as follows: 10-28% Bacillus subtilis, 10-25% Bacillus licheniformis, 8-18% Bacillus circulans, 8-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-10% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5% nitrifying bacteria, 8-20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 8-20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-8% actinomycetes; More preferably, the dry weight content of each bacterium in the microbial agent is as follows: 10-20% Bacillus subtilis, 10-15% Bacillus licheniformis, 11-18% Bacillus circulans, 8-20% Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-10% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-5% nitrifying bacteria, 8-20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 8-20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 1-8% actinomycetes; Preferably, the dry weight of the Bacillus natto cells accounts for 10-35% of the dry weight of the Bacillus subtilis cells, more preferably 10-25%, and even more preferably 10-20%.

9. The microbial agent according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, The strain of Bacillus subtilis is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 60364; Preferably, the strain number of the Bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC 1.8805; Preferably, the strain of Bacillus circulans is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 03133; Preferably, the strain number of the gelatinous Bacillus is CICC 23575; Preferably, the strain of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is numbered CGMCC 1.7741; Preferably, the strain of nitrifying bacteria is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC02116; Preferably, the strain of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC60234; Preferably, the strain of the potassium-solubilizing bacteria is numbered CGMCC 1.9046; Preferably, the actinomycete strain is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC40015; Preferably, the strain of Bacillus natto is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center and is numbered ACCC 10614.

10. The microbial agent according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, The microbial inoculant also includes fermentation materials and trace element materials; Preferably, the weight ratio of the fermentation material to the trace element material is (5-20):1, more preferably (10-20):1, and even more preferably (10-15):1; Preferably, the weight ratio of the fermentation material to the microbial agent is (2-8):1, more preferably (2.5-4):1, and even more preferably (3-4):1; Preferably, the fermentation materials include animal manure, plant straw, mushroom sticks, and soybean meal; More preferably, the weight ratio of the animal manure, plant straw, mushroom sticks and soybean meal is (2-10):(1-6):(0.2-2):1, and even more preferably (4-10):(2-6):(0.8-2):1; Preferably, the trace element material is selected from at least one of volcanic powder, shell powder, and seaweed powder.

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