Soft cylindrical surface laser treatment device for inner wall of biological pipeline and application of soft cylindrical surface laser treatment device

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological pipeline. The soft cylindrical laser treatment device comprises a laser, an optical fiber bundle coupler, a fixed sleeve, a transmission optical fiber bundle, a contraction sleeve, a cylindrical emitter, a transparent hose and a developing cap. The laser is used for independently or simultaneously generating laser with different treatment wavelengths; the optical fiber coupler is used for coupling laser into the transmission optical fiber bundle; the fixing sleeve is used for connecting the optical fiber bundle coupler and the transmission optical fiber bundle; the transmission optical fiber bundle can transmit laser from the optical fiber bundle coupler to the cylindrical surface emitter; the contraction sleeve is sleeved on the transmission optical fiber bundle and the cylindrical surface emitter; the cylindrical surface emitter is used for generating cylindrical surface laser; the transparent hose is sleeved outside the main body part of the cylindrical surface generator, and the inner diameter of the transparent hose is matched with that of the cylindrical surface emitter; and the developing cap is arranged at the foremost end of the cylindrical surface emitter in the transparent hose. The invention further provides application of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser therapy instrument technology, and is a flexible cylindrical laser therapy device and its application applicable to diseases of various ductal sites such as the inner wall of blood vessels and the inner wall of sinuses. Background Technology

[0002] Lasers are widely used in clinical treatments in ophthalmology, dermatology, surgery, and vascular medicine. For example, 1064nm infrared lasers can be used to treat wrinkles, promote collagen synthesis, and achieve tissue regeneration. 550nm visible light lasers can be used to treat superficial vascular diseases such as hemangiomas and port-wine stains. 380nm and 400nm ultraviolet lasers can be used to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro.

[0003] In clinical applications of vascular surgery, lasers are used to treat various conditions such as varicose veins, hemangiomas, and vascular occlusion. The shortcomings of existing laser vascular treatment devices are: (1) The transmission fiber inside the pipe has only one light-emitting point, resulting in a very small area treated each time, a long operation time to complete a segment of vascular treatment, high labor intensity, and poor treatment effect. (2) The blood inside the pipe contains opaque components such as hemoglobin, leading to significant absorption and loss, especially in vessels with a diameter ≥ Φ2mm, making it difficult for the laser to reach the inner wall of the vessel, resulting in an insignificant treatment effect. (3) The laser treatment end is inside the pipe and lacks a positioning display function, making the treatment process less precise. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner walls of biological channels, suitable for lesions in the inner walls of blood vessels and sinus tracts of different diameters. The device generates a 360° large-area laser through a cylindrical emitter, and the channel is filled with an expandable transparent tubing and saline solution to drain the existing fluid buildup. An X-ray detection cap provides positioning capabilities, meeting the high-efficiency and high-precision treatment requirements for the inner walls of biological channels. This addresses the limitations of existing laser treatment devices, such as small treatment areas and absorption loss due to existing fluid buildup within the channel.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological tube, the treatment device comprising: a laser, a fiber optic coupler, a fixing sleeve, a transmission fiber optic bundle, a shrink sleeve, a cylindrical emitter, a transparent flexible tube, and a contrast cap;

[0006] Along the laser optical path, a laser, a fiber optic coupler, a fixing sleeve, a transmission fiber optic bundle, a shrink sleeve, a cylindrical emitter, and a developing cap are arranged in sequence; the transparent flexible tube is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical emitter and the developing cap.

[0007] The laser includes fiber lasers, solid-state lasers, femtosecond lasers, picosecond lasers, nanosecond lasers, microsecond lasers, continuous lasers, etc.; the laser is powered by a pump source and can output high-energy laser light, used to generate lasers of different therapeutic wavelengths, including infrared lasers, visible lasers, and / or ultraviolet lasers, either individually or simultaneously; the laser output port is connected to the input end of the fiber optic coupler to ensure that laser energy enters the fiber optic coupler.

[0008] The fiber optic bundle coupler includes a spatial optical coupler and a fiber optic coupler. The spatial optical coupler achieves beam coupling through a lens system in free space, while the fiber optic coupler achieves beam transmission through direct coupling between optical fibers. The fiber optic bundle coupler couples the laser emitted from the laser into the transmission fiber bundle, ensuring efficient laser energy transmission. The outer side of the output end of the fiber optic bundle coupler is wrapped in the input end of the fixed sleeve to ensure stable transmission of the output laser.

[0009] The fixing sleeve is made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials, and has a length and inner and outer diameter that match the size and shape of the fiber optic coupler and the transmission fiber optic bundle. It is used to fix, connect and protect the light-emitting end of the fiber optic coupler and the light-inlet end of the transmission fiber optic bundle.

[0010] The transmission fiber bundle can transmit laser light from the fiber bundle coupler to the cylindrical emitter. The transmission fiber bundle includes one or more single-mode fibers, multi-mode fibers, etc. The core and cladding materials of each fiber in the transmission fiber bundle have high light transmittance and low loss characteristics. The fiber is wrapped in a protective sleeve to ensure that it is not damaged when bent and stretched. The other end of the transmission fiber bundle is sleeved inside the shrink sleeve and fixedly connected to the cylindrical emitter.

[0011] The shrink sleeve is made of a heat-shrinkable polymer material, which can shrink when heated to provide a tight seal and connection; the inner diameter of the shrink sleeve is matched to the transmission fiber bundle and cylindrical transmitter.

[0012] The main structure of the cylindrical emitter includes shapes such as cylinders and cones, and through optical design, it can achieve multiple total internal reflections and / or refractions of the laser beam. The material selection for the cylindrical emitter needs to have high light transmittance and durability, including quartz glass, flint glass, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and polyaniline (PANI). The light inlet of the cylindrical emitter is sleeved inside the shrink sleeve and connected to the transmission fiber bundle. The main body of the cylindrical emitter is covered with a transparent flexible tube.

[0013] The transparent flexible tube is fitted over the main body of the cylindrical generator. Its initial inner diameter matches the cylindrical emitter. After liquid injection, it expands, increasing its outer diameter. The initial outer diameter is approximately equal to the maximum diameter of the cylindrical emitter. It is connected and fixed using tolerance fitting, heat shrinking, or adhesive methods. The inner diameter is ≤ outer diameter - 0.1 mm, meaning the wall thickness is ≥ 0.1 mm. The transparent flexible tube is made of a biocompatible polymer material, such as PMMA, and possesses a certain degree of elasticity and transparency. Both the front and rear ends of the transparent flexible tube are closed structures, allowing the injection of physiological saline through pre-reserved liquid inlets, providing a transparent transmission medium for laser transmission.

[0014] The saline solution is sterile and has a refractive index similar to that of biological tissue, ensuring effective transmission of the laser beam within the pipe.

[0015] The developing cap is installed in the transparent flexible tube at the end away from the cylindrical emitter from the shrink sleeve. The outer diameter of the developing cap is less than the maximum diameter of the cylindrical emitter to avoid obstructing the transmission of the cylindrical laser, and is approximately 1 / 4 of the maximum diameter of the cylindrical emitter. The inner diameter should be ≤ outer diameter - 0.1 mm, i.e., the wall thickness ≥ 0.1 mm. The developing cap has a double-layer cap-shaped structure with a smooth outer surface and no sharp protrusions. The interior is hollow and filled with a developing agent. The developing cap is filled with developing agents including barium sulfate, meglumine diatrizoate, and sodium diatrizoate.

[0016] In the laser therapy apparatus of the present invention, firstly, the laser outputs the laser pulse required for treatment, which enters the fiber optic coupler and is spatially transformed into a laser of a predetermined diameter. Secondly, the laser of the predetermined diameter is coupled into a transmission fiber bundle of the same diameter. High-efficiency laser coupling input is achieved through a fixed sleeve, and high-efficiency laser coupling output is achieved through a contracting sleeve. Next, the laser beam is incident on a cylindrical emitter, where it undergoes total internal reflection and / or refraction during transmission, and a cylindrical laser is output. Then, the cylindrical emitter and a contrast cap are installed inside a transparent tubing, and physiological saline is filled into the tubing to expand it and displace any existing fluid (e.g., opaque blood in blood vessels), allowing the cylindrical laser to directly irradiate the inner wall of the tubing. Finally, by observing the position of the contrast cap in an X-ray imaging image, the laser therapy apparatus is gradually moved to provide sequential treatment capabilities at one or more locations on the inner wall of the tubing.

[0017] The present invention also provides the above-mentioned treatment device, or the application of the cylindrical irradiation laser generation method implemented by the above-mentioned treatment device in cylindrical irradiation laser generation, irradiation, positioning, etc.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: by designing a cylindrical emitter with a specific shape and angle, it can provide 360° large-area laser treatment capability; by designing a transparent soft tube and filling it with physiological saline, it can provide the ability to drain the original fluid in the tubes of different diameters, thereby improving the efficiency of laser treatment; by designing a contrast cap, it can provide the ability to precisely locate the treatment position on the inner wall of the tube, thereby improving the observability and precision of laser treatment in the tube. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection of an implementation example of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological conduit proposed in this invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a demonstration diagram of the effect of an implementation case of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological pipeline proposed in this invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the transmission fiber bundle in an implementation example of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological pipeline proposed in this invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of parallel light at the fiber optic output port of an implementation example of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological conduit proposed in this invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a structural analysis diagram of a cylindrical generator, which is an implementation example of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological conduit proposed in this invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a demonstration diagram of the effect of a second implementation case of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological pipeline proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 7 These are structural demonstration diagrams of the imaging caps in two implementation examples of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological conduit proposed in this invention.

[0027] In the diagram, 1-laser, 2-fiber optic bundle coupler, 3-fixed sleeve, 4-transmission fiber bundle, 5-shrink sleeve, 6-cylindrical emitter, 7-transparent tubing, 8-physiological saline solution, 9-cylindrical laser, 10-contrast cap. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Except for the contents specifically mentioned below, the processes, conditions, and experimental methods for implementing the present invention are all common knowledge and general knowledge in the art, and the present invention does not have any particular limitations.

[0029] It should be noted that the term "comprising" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product or device.

[0030] The present invention provides a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological tube, the treatment device comprising: a laser 1, an optical fiber bundle coupler 2, a fixing sleeve 3, a transmission optical fiber bundle 4, a shrink sleeve 5, a cylindrical emitter 6, a transparent flexible tube 7, and a contrast cap 10.

[0031] In the laser therapy device of the present invention, firstly, the laser 1 outputs the laser pulse required for treatment, which enters the fiber optic coupler 2 and is spatially transformed into a laser of a predetermined diameter. Secondly, the laser of the predetermined diameter is coupled into a transmission fiber bundle 4 of the same diameter. High-efficiency laser coupling input is achieved through a fixed sleeve 3, and high-efficiency laser coupling output is achieved through a contraction sleeve 5. Next, the laser is incident on a cylindrical emitter 6, where it undergoes total internal reflection and / or refraction during transmission, and a cylindrical laser is output. Then, the cylindrical emitter 6 and the contrast cap 10 are installed inside a transparent tubing 7, and physiological saline 8 is filled into the transparent tubing 7 to expand it and displace the original accumulated fluid in the biological channel, allowing the cylindrical laser to directly irradiate the inner wall of the biological channel. Finally, by observing the position of the contrast cap 10 through X-ray detection, the laser therapy device is gradually moved to provide sequential treatment capabilities at multiple locations on the inner wall of the channel.

[0032] The features of this invention are as follows: 1) By designing a cylindrical emitter 6 with a suitable shape and angle, it can provide 360° large-area laser treatment capability. 2) By designing a transparent flexible tube 7 and filling it with physiological saline 8, and expanding the transparent flexible tube 7 to different sizes, it can provide the ability to drain the original accumulated fluid in biological channels of different diameters, thereby improving the efficiency of laser treatment. 3) By designing a contrast cap 10, it can provide the ability to precisely locate the treatment position on the inner wall of the channel, thereby improving the precision and observability of laser treatment within the channel.

[0033] This invention provides a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological tube, the laser treatment device comprising: a laser 1, an optical fiber coupler 2, a fixing sleeve 3, a transmission optical fiber bundle 4, a shrink sleeve 5, a cylindrical emitter 6, a transparent flexible tube 7, and a contrast cap 10.

[0034] The laser 1 is used to generate lasers of different therapeutic wavelengths, such as infrared lasers, visible lasers, and / or ultraviolet lasers.

[0035] The fiber bundle coupler 2 is used to couple the laser and allow it to enter the transmission fiber bundle 4;

[0036] The fixing sleeve 3 is used to fix the fiber optic bundle coupler 2 and the transmission fiber optic bundle 4.

[0037] The transmission fiber bundle 4 is used to transmit a large-aperture laser within the pipe, enabling it to reach the input end face of the cylindrical reflector 6.

[0038] The shrink sleeve 5 is used to fix the transmission fiber bundle 4 and the cylindrical transmitter 6;

[0039] The cylindrical emitter 6 is used to generate a cylindrical laser 9;

[0040] The transparent tubing 7 is used to wrap the cylindrical emitter 6 and is filled with physiological saline 8. The physiological saline 8 increases the diameter of the transparent tubing 7 and displaces the original liquid inside the biological tube.

[0041] The saline solution 8 is used to fill the transparent tubing 7 and provide a transparent transmission medium for the cylindrical laser 9;

[0042] The cylindrical laser 9 is used to provide 360° large-area laser treatment capability;

[0043] The imaging cap 10 is used to provide X-ray detection imaging capability and improve the positioning accuracy of the treatment inside the biological tube.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection of an implementation example of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological conduit proposed in this invention.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a demonstration diagram of the effect of an implementation case of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological pipeline proposed in this invention.

[0046] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the transmission fiber bundle 4 in an embodiment of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological pipeline proposed in this invention. The cross-sectional diagram shows multiple optical fibers distributed in the bundle. In a specific embodiment of an optical fiber bundle with a diameter of 2mm, this arrangement allows for the arrangement of as many optical fibers as possible within a diameter of 2mm.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of parallel light at the fiber optic output port of an implementation example of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological conduit proposed in this invention.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a structural analysis diagram of the cylindrical generator 6, an implementation example of a flexible cylindrical laser therapy device for the inner wall of a biological pipeline proposed in this invention. By designing the corresponding structural parameters, the length of the cylindrical laser obtained after the laser passes through the cylindrical emitter 6 can be analyzed and obtained.

[0049] Specifically, the apex angle of the cylindrical emitter 6 is 'a', the diameter of the laser beam incident on the cylindrical emitter 6 is 'D', and the radius is 'r'. The incident angle and reflection angle of the laser beam at the first point of contact with the edge of the medium in the cylindrical emitter 6 are both 'i' and 'i'; the incident angle and refraction angle at the second point of contact with the edge of the medium are both 'y' and 'z'. An interior angle of the triangle used for auxiliary analysis is 'x'. The horizontal length of the laser beam at the first point of contact with the edge of the medium in the cylindrical emitter 6 is 'L1'; the horizontal length from that point to the centerline of the cylindrical emitter 6 is 'L2'; the horizontal length from that point to the second point of contact with the edge of the medium is 'L3'; the horizontal length from that point to the cylindrical emitter 6 is 'L4', and the total length of the cylindrical emitter 6 is L1 + L2 + L3 + L4.

[0050] In the design process of the above-mentioned cylindrical generator 6, the calculation formulas for the relationship between various parameters are as follows:

[0051] i = 90° - a / 2

[0052] x = 180° - a / 2 - 2i

[0053] y = 180° - ax - 90° = 90° - ax

[0054] z = asin(n1 × sin(y) / n2)

[0055] L1=(D / 2-r) / tan(a / 2),r=0~D / 2

[0056] L2=r / tan(a / 2+x)=r / tan(180°-2i)=-r / tan(2i)

[0057] L3 is calculated as follows:

[0058] (L2+L3)tan(a / 2)+(L2+L3)tan(a / 2+x)=2r

[0059] (L2+L3)=2r / [tan(a / 2)+tan(a / 2+x)]

[0060] L3=2r / [tan(a / 2)+tan(a / 2+x)]-L2

[0061] =2r / [tan(a / 2)+tan(a / 2+x)]+r / tan(2i)

[0062] ==2r / [tan(a / 2)-tan(2i)]+r / tan(2i)

[0063] L4 = L - L1 - L2 - L3

[0064] The calculated L4 is the length of the cylindrical laser generated by the soft cylindrical laser treatment device of the present invention.

[0065] In practical applications, the length of the cylindrical laser can be maximized by designing the various dimensions of the cylindrical generator 6.

[0066] Figure 6 This is a demonstration diagram of the effect of a second implementation case of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological pipeline proposed in this invention.

[0067] Figure 7 These are structural demonstration diagrams of the imaging caps in two implementation examples of a flexible cylindrical laser treatment device for the inner wall of a biological conduit proposed in this invention.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] Embodiment 1 of the present invention is described below, and its structure and effects are illustrated as follows. Figure 2 As shown.

[0070] In the laser therapy device of this embodiment, the laser 1 is designed as a solid-state laser with an output energy of 1mJ to 10mJ (continuously adjustable), a pulse width of 10ns, a center wavelength of 1064nm, a beam diameter of Φ10mm, and a repetition frequency of 10Hz.

[0071] The fiber bundle coupler 2 is designed as a dual-lens confocal structure. The first lens has a diameter of Φ20mm and a focal length of 30mm. The second lens has a diameter of Φ5mm and a focal length of 6mm. The distance between the two lenses is 36mm. This transforms the laser diameter from Φ10mm to Φ2mm, with an area of ​​S1 = 3.14 × 2mm. 2 ÷4=3.14mm 2 .

[0072] The fixing sleeve 3 is made of stainless steel and is used to connect and fix the fiber optic bundle coupler 2 and the transmission fiber optic bundle 4. It has an outer diameter of Φ3mm and an inner diameter of Φ2mm.

[0073] The transmission fiber bundle 4 has a diameter of Φ2mm. It contains 39 multimode fibers, each with a core diameter of Φ0.1mm and a cladding diameter of Φ0.25mm. The gaps are filled with a biocompatible polymer material. The total core area is S² = 3.14 × 0.1mm². 2 ÷4×39=0.306mm 2 Since the area of ​​the laser before coupling is S1 and the effective area of ​​the coupling fiber is S2, the coupling efficiency of the laser from the laser source to the fiber bundle is S2÷S1≈10%.

[0074] The shrink sleeve 5 is used to connect and secure the transmission fiber bundle 4 and the cylindrical transmitter 6. It is made of a biocompatible polymer, has an outer diameter of Φ3.5mm, and an inner diameter of Φ2.5mm. The shrink sleeve's diameter decreases upon heating, providing a sealing function.

[0075] For the structural analysis of cylindrical emitter 6, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 This is an innovative design of the present invention. It is cone-shaped with a diameter of Φ2mm, a length of L=38.19mm, and a vertex angle of α=3°. The laser beam is incident from the bottom surface of the cone. Upon first reaching the cone surface, the incident angle of the laser inside the cylindrical emitter 6 is i=88.5°, resulting in total internal reflection with a reflection angle of i=88.5°. Upon the second reaching of the cone surface, the incident angle of the laser inside the cylindrical emitter 6 is y=85.5°. When the cylindrical emitter 6 is made of flint glass, its refractive index is 1.8; when the material is lens resin, its refractive index is 1.76. These two are close. In this embodiment, the refractive index n1=1.8 is used. The refractive index of physiological saline is n2=1.33. Through analysis and calculation, the refraction angle of the laser during its second reflection inside the cylindrical emitter 6 is z=47.4°.

[0076] Further analysis and calculations reveal that the transmission distance of the laser when it is incident perpendicularly from the conical base of the cylindrical emitter 6 is L1 = 1.91 mm, and the transmission distance along the length direction when the laser undergoes total internal reflection within the cylindrical emitter 6 is L2 + L3 = 25.46 mm. The treatment length after the laser exits the cylindrical emitter 6 can be calculated as L4 = L - L1 - L2 - L3 = 10.82 mm. Considering the obstruction from the contrast cap, the effective laser treatment length provided by the cylindrical emitter 6 is approximately 10 mm.

[0077] The transparent flexible tube 7, an innovative design of this invention, is used to enclose the cylindrical emitter 6 and the saline solution 8, draining the original liquid from the inner wall of the biological conduit. It is made of a polymer; in this embodiment, PMMA is chosen, which has biocompatibility and a certain degree of elasticity. Its outer diameter is Φ2.5mm, inner diameter is Φ2mm, and thickness is designed to be 0.25mm. Due to its flexible structure, its outer diameter can expand to a maximum of Φ8mm after being filled with saline solution.

[0078] Physiological saline 8 is used to fill the transparent tubing 7, providing a transparent transmission medium for the cylindrical laser 9.

[0079] Based on the above structural design, the cylindrical laser 9 can provide 360° large-area laser treatment capabilities within the biological conduit.

[0080] The contrast cap 10, an innovative design of this invention, has an outer diameter of Φ0.5mm and an inner diameter of Φ0.2mm, and is filled with a contrast agent, such as barium sulfate. When the laser treatment device enters the biological conduit, the contrast cap 10 can provide contrast under X-ray detection conditions, determining the specific position of the treatment head (i.e., cylindrical emitter) of the laser treatment device under X-ray, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of treatment on the inner wall of the conduit.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] Example 2 of the present invention is described below.

[0083] In the laser therapy device of this embodiment, laser 1 is designed as a fiber laser with an output energy of 1mJ to 30mJ (continuously adjustable), a pulse width of 10ns, a center wavelength of 1064nm, and a repetition frequency of 10Hz.

[0084] The fiber optic bundle coupler 2 is designed as a single-lens collimation structure. The lens has a diameter of Φ5mm and a focal length of 6mm. The point-divergent laser emitted from the fiber is collimated by the lens to a diameter of Φ2mm, with an area of ​​S1 = 3.14 × 2mm. 2 ÷4=3.14mm 2 .

[0085] The fixing sleeve 3 is made of stainless steel and is used to connect and fix the fiber optic bundle coupler 2 and the transmission fiber optic bundle 4. It has an outer diameter of Φ3mm and an inner diameter of Φ2mm.

[0086] The transmission fiber bundle 4 has a diameter of Φ2mm. It contains 39 multimode fibers, each with a core diameter of Φ0.1mm and a cladding diameter of Φ0.25mm. The gaps are filled with a biocompatible polymer material. The total core area is S² = 3.14 × 0.1mm². 2 ÷4×39=0.306mm 2Since the area of ​​the laser before coupling is S1 and the effective area of ​​the coupling fiber is S2, the coupling efficiency of the laser from the laser source to the fiber bundle is S2÷S1≈10%.

[0087] The shrink sleeve 5 is used to connect and secure the transmission fiber bundle 4 and the cylindrical transmitter 6. It is made of a biocompatible polymer, has an outer diameter of Φ3.5mm, and an inner diameter of Φ2.5mm. The shrink sleeve's diameter decreases upon heating, providing a sealing function.

[0088] For the structural analysis of cylindrical emitter 6, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 This is an innovative design of the present invention. It is cone-shaped with a diameter of Φ2mm, a length of L=76.4mm, and a vertex angle of α=1.5°. The laser beam is incident from the bottom surface of the cone. Upon first reaching the cone surface, the incident angle of the laser inside the cylindrical emitter 6 is i=89.25°, resulting in total internal reflection with a reflection angle of i=89.25°. Upon the second reaching of the cone surface, the incident angle of the laser inside the cylindrical emitter 6 is y=87.75°. When the cylindrical emitter 6 is made of flint glass, its refractive index is 1.8; when the material is lens resin, its refractive index is 1.76. These two are close. In this embodiment, the refractive index n1=1.8 is used. The refractive index of physiological saline is n2=1.33. Through analysis and calculation, the refraction angle of the laser during its second reflection inside the cylindrical emitter 6 is z=47.6°.

[0089] Further analysis and calculations reveal that the transmission distance of the laser when it is incident perpendicularly from the conical base of the cylindrical emitter 6 is L1 = 3.82 mm, and the transmission distance along the length direction when the laser undergoes total internal reflection within the cylindrical emitter 6 is L2 + L3 = 50.96 mm. The treatment length after the laser exits the cylindrical emitter 6 can be calculated as L4 = L - L1 - L2 - L3 = 21.61 mm. Considering the obstruction from the contrast cap, the effective laser treatment length provided by the cylindrical emitter 6 is approximately 21 mm.

[0090] The transparent flexible tube 7, an innovative design of this invention, is used to enclose the cylindrical emitter 6 and the saline solution 8, draining the original liquid from the inner wall of the tube. It is made of a polymer; in this embodiment, PMMA is chosen, which is biocompatible and has a certain degree of elasticity. Its outer diameter is Φ2.5mm, inner diameter is Φ2mm, and thickness is designed to be 0.25mm. Due to its flexible structure, its outer diameter can expand to a maximum of Φ8mm after being filled with saline solution.

[0091] Physiological saline 8 is used to fill the transparent tubing 7, providing a transparent transmission medium for the cylindrical laser 9.

[0092] Based on the above structural design, the cylindrical laser 9 can provide 360° large-area laser treatment capabilities within the biological conduit.

[0093] The contrast cap 10, an innovative design of this invention, has an outer diameter of Φ0.5mm and an inner diameter of Φ0.2mm, and is filled with a contrast agent, such as barium sulfate. When the laser treatment device enters the biological conduit, the contrast cap 10 can provide contrast under X-ray detection conditions, improving the positioning accuracy of treatment on the inner wall of the conduit.

[0094] The difference between Example 1 and Example 2 is as follows: (1) The laser in Example 1 is a solid-state laser, while the laser in Example 2 is a fiber laser, requiring fiber bundle couplers with different structures. (2) The apex angle of the cylindrical laser generator 6 in Example 1 is 3°, and the effective treatment length is approximately 10 mm. The apex angle of the cylindrical laser generator 6 in Example 1 is 1.5°, and the effective treatment length is approximately 20 mm.

[0095] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time.

[0096] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "upper," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0097] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0098] This application discloses many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or reference letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, this application provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0099] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any variations and advantages that can be conceived by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention are included in this invention and are protected by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A flexible cylindrical laser therapy device for the inner wall of biological channels, characterized in that, The treatment device includes: a laser (1), a fiber optic bundle coupler (2), a fixing sleeve (3), a transmission fiber optic bundle (4), a shrink sleeve (5), a cylindrical emitter (6), a transparent flexible tube (7), and a contrast cap (10). The laser (1) is used to generate lasers of different therapeutic wavelengths, either alone or simultaneously, including infrared lasers, visible lasers and / or ultraviolet lasers; The fiber coupler (2) couples the laser emitted by the laser (1) into the transmission fiber bundle (4); The fixing sleeve (3) is used to fix, connect and protect one end of the fiber optic bundle coupler (2) and the transmission fiber optic bundle (4); The transmission fiber bundle (4) is capable of transmitting laser light from the fiber bundle coupler (2) to the cylindrical emitter (6); The shrink sleeve (5) is fitted onto the other end of the transmission fiber bundle (4) and the input end of the cylindrical transmitter (6); The cylindrical emitter (6) is used to achieve one or more total internal reflections and / or refractions of the laser in the optical path; The transparent flexible tube (7) is sleeved on the outside of the main body of the cylindrical generator (6), and its inner diameter matches that of the cylindrical emitter (6); The developing cap (10) is installed at the foremost end of the cylindrical emitter (6) in the transparent tube (7).

2. The treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser (1) includes fiber laser, solid-state laser, femtosecond laser, picosecond laser, nanosecond laser, microsecond laser, and continuous laser; it is powered by a pump source and outputs lasers of different wavelengths individually or simultaneously; the output port of the laser (1) is connected to the input end of the fiber bundle coupler (2) so that the laser enters the fiber bundle coupler (2).

3. The treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic bundle coupler (2) includes a spatial optical coupler and a fiber optic coupler; the outer side of the output end of the fiber optic bundle coupler (2) is wrapped in the input end of the fixed sleeve (3); and / or, The fixing sleeve (3) is made of corrosion-resistant material and has a length and inner and outer diameter that match the size and shape of the fiber optic coupler (2) and the transmission fiber optic bundle (4). It is used to fix, connect and protect the light-emitting end of the fiber optic coupler (2) and the light-inlet end of the transmission fiber optic bundle (4).

4. The treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission fiber bundle (4) includes one or more single-mode optical fibers and multimode optical fibers; the other end of the transmission fiber bundle (4) is sleeved inside the shrink sleeve (5) and fixedly connected to the cylindrical transmitter (6).

5. The treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shrink sleeve (5) has heat-shrink properties and can shrink after heating to provide a seal and connection; the inner diameter of the shrink sleeve is matched with the transmission fiber bundle and cylindrical transmitter.

6. The treatment device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The main structure of the cylindrical emitter (6) includes a cylinder and a cone; the cylindrical emitter (6) can achieve multiple total internal reflections and / or refractions of the laser beam; the materials of the cylindrical emitter (6) include quartz glass, flint glass, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, and polyaniline; the light inlet of the cylindrical emitter (6) is sleeved inside the shrink sleeve (5) and connected to the transmission fiber bundle (4); the main body of the cylindrical emitter (6) is covered with a transparent flexible tube (7).

7. The treatment device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent tubing (7) is fitted over the main body of the cylindrical emitter (6), with closed structures at both ends, and a liquid inlet provided for injecting saline solution (8); the inner diameter of the transparent tubing (7) initially matches that of the cylindrical emitter (6), and by injecting saline solution into the transparent tubing (7), the transparent tubing expands, increasing its outer diameter; the saline solution (8) provides a transparent transmission medium for laser transmission; and / or, The inner diameter of the transparent flexible tube (7) is less than or equal to the outer diameter minus 0.1 mm, i.e., the wall thickness is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.

8. The treatment device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The developing cap (10) is installed at the foremost end of the cylindrical emitter (6) in the transparent tube (7). The outer surface of the developing cap (10) is smooth without sharp protrusions, and the interior is a hollow structure filled with a developing agent. The developing agent includes barium sulfate, meglumine diatrizoate, sodium diatrizoate; and / or, The outer diameter of the developing cap (10) is less than the maximum diameter of the cylindrical emitter (6), which is 1 / 4 of the maximum diameter of the cylindrical emitter (6); the inner diameter is less than or equal to the outer diameter minus 0.1 mm, i.e., the wall thickness is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.

9. A method for generating laser light by irradiating a cylindrical surface, characterized in that, The generation method includes the following steps: the laser (1) outputs an initial laser pulse, which enters the fiber bundle coupler (2) and is spatially transformed into a laser of a predetermined diameter; the laser of the predetermined diameter is coupled into a transmission fiber bundle (4) of the same diameter, and laser coupling input is achieved through a fixed sleeve (3), and laser coupling output is achieved through a contraction sleeve (5); the output laser is incident on a cylindrical emitter (6), and during transmission in the cylindrical emitter (6), total internal reflection and / or refraction occur sequentially, and cylindrical laser is output.

10. The treatment device as described in any one of claims 1-8, or the cylindrical irradiation laser generation method as described in claim 9, in the generation, irradiation, and positioning of cylindrical irradiation lasers.

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