Divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slope and construction method of divergent anchor pipe

Abstract

The invention relates to a divergent anchor pipe suitable for a permafrost slope. The divergent anchor pipe comprises an anchor pipe body which penetrates through a slip plane and is anchored in the slope through an anchorage device. A plurality of anchoring units are arranged at the tail end of the anchor pipe penetrating through the sliding surface; a driving rotating rod penetrates through the center of the anchor pipe, and a sun gear is rigidly connected to the driving rotating rod; the anchoring unit is composed of four sets of planetary gears connected to the limiting sliding rod through sliding supporting arms, a universal anchor head rigidly connected with the centers of the planetary gears, a guide pipe and a nut welded to the inner wall of the anchor pipe through a nut fixing rod. The four groups of planetary gears are meshed with the sun gear in the circumferential direction; the universal anchor head penetrates through the nut, and one end is located in the guide pipe. The limiting sliding rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the anchor pipe. Meanwhile, the invention further discloses a construction method of the anchor pipe. Self-anchoring is carried out through a mechanical structure, the influence of hydration heat on permafrost in the cement mortar curing process is avoided, the construction method is simple, practicability is high, and stable anchoring performance is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of permafrost anchoring engineering technology, and in particular to a divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In road and engineering construction in permafrost regions, slope instability is a common geological hazard, and anchoring technology is currently the mainstream treatment method for unstable slopes. Traditional slope anchoring often uses a "drilling-grouting" process, which involves drilling holes in the slope, inserting anchor rods or pipes, and then pressurizing cement mortar into the holes. After the grout solidifies, the anchoring resistance is provided by the bond and friction between the grout and the soil around the hole. This method is mature in non-permafrost regions with normal temperatures, but its construction technology and anchoring mechanism face severe challenges in cold environments.

[0003] Grouting anchoring technology has two major drawbacks when applied in permafrost regions: First, the cement mortar generates a large amount of heat of hydration during the curing process, which is a significant thermal disturbance for permafrost, which is extremely sensitive to temperature. This can easily cause the permafrost around the anchor hole to melt, forming a water film or mud layer at the interface between the anchor and the soil, leading to a significant decrease in anchoring force or even failure. Second, permafrost regions are rich in underground ice and have high soil moisture content. Traditional anchors cannot effectively utilize this characteristic and are instead heavily affected by meltwater. In addition, grouting operations are greatly limited by ambient temperature and have a long curing period.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a divergent anchoring structure that does not require grouting to avoid thermal disturbance and can adaptively reinforce the soil by utilizing moisture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a divergent anchor pipe that is simple to construct and highly practical for permafrost slopes.

[0006] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method for the divergent anchor pipe applicable to permafrost slopes.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides a divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes, comprising an anchor pipe passing through a slip surface and anchored within the slope by an anchor, characterized in that: the end of the anchor pipe after passing through the slip surface is provided with several anchoring units; a drive rod passes through the center of the anchor pipe, and a sun gear is rigidly connected to the drive rod; the anchoring unit consists of four sets of planetary gears connected to a limiting slide rod via a sliding support arm, a universal anchor head rigidly connected to the center of the planetary gears, a guide tube, and a nut welded to the inner wall of the anchor pipe via a nut fixing rod; the four sets of planetary gears mesh with the sun gear in a circumferential direction; the universal anchor head passes through the nut, and one end is located inside the guide tube; the limiting slide rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the anchor pipe.

[0008] The anchor pipe is made of multiple sections of ordinary steel pipe of the same specification, and its end that passes through the sliding surface is provided with holes corresponding to the position and number of the guide pipe.

[0009] The drive rod is made of steel bars, with one end protruding from the slope and the other end passing through the center of the anchor pipe and rigidly connected to the sun gear. The cross-section of the end protruding from the slope is square, and the cross-section of the end connected to the sun gear is circular.

[0010] The sun gear is a gear I with a central circular hole I, and its length is 30~50cm.

[0011] The planetary gear is a gear II with a central circular hole II. The central circular hole II is stepped, with the inner wall of the larger diameter hole being smooth and the inner wall of the smaller diameter hole being threaded with thread I. The planetary gear is rigidly connected to the universal anchor head through thread I.

[0012] The longitudinal section of the sliding arm is L-shaped. One side is connected to the limiting slide rod through a circular hole III, and the other side is embedded in the smooth circular hole in the inner wall of the planetary gear center through its own bearing.

[0013] The universal anchor head includes a drive section and an anchoring section connected together; the drive section is made of steel bar with thread II, which matches the thread I provided at the center of the planetary gear; one end of the drive section is rigidly connected through the thread I at the center of the planetary gear, and the other end passes through the thread IV at the center of the nut and is rigidly connected to the anchoring section; the anchoring section is made of soft water-absorbing and expanding material, has thread III along its entire length, is placed inside the guide tube, and has a pointed end after passing through the guide tube.

[0014] The guide tube is an arc-shaped tube with a diameter slightly larger than that of the universal anchor head. One end of the guide tube coincides with the central axis of the planetary gear, and the other end is fixedly connected to the anchor tube.

[0015] The limiting slide bar is a smooth Π-shaped structure made of steel bars, which is welded to the inner wall of the anchor pipe by vertical rods at both ends.

[0016] The thread Ⅳ at the center of the nut matches the thread Ⅱ of the drive section of the universal anchor head, and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the anchor tube by the nut fixing rod.

[0017] The above-described method for constructing a divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes includes the following steps: ① Investigate and analyze the geological conditions of the location of the anchoring project, assess the applicability of the divergent anchor pipe in this project, analyze and determine the location of the potential slip surface of the slope, and design the length and diameter of the anchor pipe and the drive rotating rod, as well as the number, location and size of the anchoring unit according to the engineering design requirements; ②According to the engineering design, assemble the components of the anchoring unit and connect them to the design section of the anchor pipe by welding; drill holes for connecting the guide pipe at the design position of the anchor pipe; one end of the guide pipe coincides with the central axis of the planetary gear, and the other end passes through the hole and is fixedly connected to the anchor pipe to ensure that the planetary gear is located on the side close to the slope, so that the universal anchor head is in a retracted state. ③ Drill holes at the designed location on the slope. After drilling is completed, insert the anchor pipe and the anchoring unit assembled in step ② into the drill hole. ④ The sun gear is fixedly connected to the designed position of the drive rod; insert the end of the drive rod with the sun gear into the anchor tube until the sun gear and the planetary gear correspond one-to-one and mesh with each other; ⑤ Use a tool to twist the drive rod to rotate, drive the sun gear to rotate synchronously, and then drive the planetary gear to rotate. The planetary gear drives the universal anchor head to expand outward, forming a divergent trumpet-shaped structure around the anchor tube. ⑥ After the anchoring section of the universal anchor head absorbs water and expands, the anchor pipe is anchored inside the slope using the anchorage to complete the construction.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention utilizes a tool to twist a drive rod, which drives the sun gear to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the planetary gear to rotate. The planetary gear drives the universal anchor head to expand outward, forming a divergent trumpet-shaped structure around the anchor pipe, thus achieving anchoring of the anchor pipe to the surrounding soil.

[0019] 2. In this invention, the anchoring section of the universal anchor head is made of a soft, water-absorbing, and expanding material. During service, it can absorb moisture from the soil and expand on its own, further improving the anchoring performance of the entire structure.

[0020] 3. The universal anchor head in this invention, which is rigidly connected to the planetary gear by threads, has a pointed tip and threads, which can be easily drilled into the soil around the borehole.

[0021] 4. Unlike traditional anchoring projects that use cement mortar as an anchoring agent, this invention utilizes a mechanical structure for self-anchoring, thereby avoiding the impact of hydration heat on permafrost during the cement mortar curing process.

[0022] 5. The construction method of this invention is simple and highly practical. It not only follows the construction principle of "protecting permafrost" in permafrost areas, but also has stable anchoring performance. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section at point A in this invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the BB cross-section in this invention.

[0027] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A breakdown diagram of the main components.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the sliding arm and the limiting slide rod in this invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-sliding surface, 2-anchor pipe, 3-anchor, 4-anchoring unit, 5-drive rotating rod, 6-sun gear, 7-planetary gear, 8-sliding support arm, 9-universal anchor head, 91-drive section, 92-anchoring section, 10-guide tube, 11-limiting slide bar, 12-nut, 13-nut fixing rod. Detailed Implementation

[0030] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes includes an anchor pipe 2 that passes through a slip surface 1 and is anchored in the slope by an anchor 3. Several anchoring units 4 are provided at the end of the anchor pipe 2 after it passes through the slip surface 1; a drive rod 5 passes through the center of the anchor pipe 2, and a sun gear 6 is rigidly connected to the drive rod 5.

[0031] The anchoring unit 4 consists of four sets of planetary gears 7 connected to the limiting slide rod 11 via the sliding support arm 8, a universal anchor head 9 rigidly connected to the center of the planetary gears 7, a guide tube 10, and a nut 12 welded to the inner wall of the anchor tube 2 via the nut fixing rod 13; the four sets of planetary gears 7 mesh with the sun gear 6 in a circumferential direction; the universal anchor head 9 passes through the nut 12, and one end is located inside the guide tube 10; the limiting slide rod 11 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the anchor tube 2.

[0032] Among them, the anchor pipe 2 is made of multiple ordinary steel pipes of the same specifications, and its end that passes through the sliding surface 1 is provided with holes corresponding to the position and number of guide pipes 10.

[0033] The drive rod 5 is made of steel bars, with one end protruding from the slope and the other end passing through the center of the anchor pipe 2 and rigidly connected to the sun gear 6. The cross-section of the end protruding from the slope is square, and the cross-section of the end connected to the sun gear 6 is circular.

[0034] Sun gear 6 is gear I with a central circular hole I, and its length is 30~50cm.

[0035] The planetary gear 7 is a gear II with a central circular hole II. The central circular hole II is stepped. The inner wall of the larger diameter hole is smooth, and the inner wall of the smaller diameter hole is provided with thread I. The planetary gear 7 is rigidly connected to the universal anchor head 9 through thread I.

[0036] The longitudinal section of the sliding arm 8 is L-shaped. One side is connected to the limiting slide rod 11 through the set circular hole Ⅲ, and the other side is embedded in the smooth circular hole in the center of the planetary gear 7 through its own bearing.

[0037] The universal anchor head 9 includes a drive section 91 and an anchoring section 92 connected together. The drive section 91 is made of steel bar with thread II, which matches the thread I provided at the center of the planetary gear 7. One end of the drive section 91 is rigidly connected through the thread I at the center of the planetary gear 7, and the other end passes through the thread IV at the center of the nut 12 and is rigidly connected to the anchoring section 92. The anchoring section 92 is made of soft water-absorbing and expanding material, has thread III along its length, is placed inside the guide tube 10, and has a pointed end after passing through the guide tube 10.

[0038] The guide tube 10 is an arc-shaped tube with a diameter slightly larger than that of the universal anchor head 9. One end of the tube coincides with the central axis of the planetary gear 7, and the other end is fixedly connected to the anchor tube 2.

[0039] The limiting slide bar 11 is a smooth Π-shaped structure made of steel bars, which is welded to the inner wall of the anchor pipe 2 by vertical bars at both ends.

[0040] The thread Ⅳ at the center of nut 12 matches the thread Ⅱ of drive section 91 of universal anchor head 9, and it is fixedly connected to the inner wall of anchor pipe 2 by nut fixing rod 13.

[0041]

Working Principle

[0042] A construction method for divergent anchor pipes suitable for permafrost slopes includes the following steps: ① Investigate and analyze the geological conditions of the location of the anchoring project, assess the applicability of the divergent anchor pipe in this project, analyze and determine the location of the potential slip surface 1 of the slope, and design the length and diameter of the anchor pipe 2 and the drive rotating rod 5, as well as the number, location and size of the anchoring unit 4 according to the engineering design requirements; ②According to the engineering design, assemble the components of the anchoring unit 4 and connect them to the designed section of the anchor pipe 2 by welding; drill holes for the guide pipe 10 to be connected at the designed position of the anchor pipe 2; one end of the guide pipe 10 coincides with the central axis of the planetary gear 7, and the other end passes through the hole and is fixedly connected to the anchor pipe 2 to ensure that the planetary gear 7 is located on the side close to the slope, so that the universal anchor head 9 is in a retracted state. ③ Drill holes at the designed location on the slope. After drilling is completed, insert the anchor pipe 2 and anchoring unit 4 assembled in step ② into the hole. ④ The sun gear 6 is fixedly connected to the design position of the drive rod 5; insert the end of the drive rod 5 with the sun gear 6 into the anchor tube 2 until the sun gear 6 and the planet gear 7 correspond one-to-one and mesh with each other; ⑤ Use tools to twist the drive rod 5 to rotate, drive the sun gear 6 to rotate synchronously, and then drive the planet gear 7 to rotate. Through the planet gear 7, drive the universal anchor head 9 to expand outward, forming a divergent trumpet-shaped structure around the anchor tube 2. ⑥ After the anchoring section 92 of the universal anchor head 9 absorbs water and expands, the anchor pipe 2 is anchored inside the slope using the anchor 3 to complete the construction.

Claims

1. A divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes, comprising an anchor pipe (2) that passes through a slip surface (1) and is anchored within the slope by an anchor (3), characterized in that: The anchor pipe (2) has several anchoring units (4) at its end after passing through the sliding surface (1); a drive rod (5) passes through the center of the anchor pipe (2), and a sun gear (6) is rigidly connected to the drive rod (5); the anchoring unit (4) consists of four sets of planetary gears (7) connected to the limiting slide rod (11) by a sliding arm (8), a universal anchor head (9) rigidly connected to the center of the planetary gears (7), a guide tube (10), and a nut (12) welded to the inner wall of the anchor pipe (2) by a nut fixing rod (13); the four sets of planetary gears (7) mesh with the sun gear (6) in a circumferential direction; the universal anchor head (9) passes through the nut (12), and one end is located inside the guide tube (10); the limiting slide rod (11) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the anchor pipe (2).

2. The divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor pipe (2) is made of multiple ordinary steel pipes of the same specifications, and its end that passes through the sliding surface (1) is provided with holes corresponding to the position and number of the guide pipe (10).

3. The divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drive rod (5) is made of steel bars, with one end protruding from the slope and the other end passing through the center of the anchor pipe (2) and rigidly connected to the sun gear (6). The cross-section of the end protruding from the slope is square, and the cross-section of the end connected to the sun gear (6) is circular.

4. A divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The sun gear (6) is a gear I with a central circular hole I, and its length is 30~50cm.

5. A divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The planetary gear (7) is a gear II with a central circular hole II. The central circular hole II is stepped. The inner wall of the larger diameter circular hole is smooth, and the inner wall of the smaller diameter circular hole is provided with thread I. The planetary gear (7) is rigidly connected to the universal anchor head (9) through thread I.

6. A divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the sliding arm (8) is L-shaped. One side is connected to the limiting slide rod (11) through the set circular hole III, and the other side is embedded in the smooth circular hole in the inner wall of the planetary gear (7) through its own bearing.

7. A divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The universal anchor head (9) includes a drive section (91) and an anchoring section (92) connected together; the drive section (91) is made of a steel bar with thread II, which matches the thread I provided in the center of the planetary gear (7); one end of the drive section (91) is rigidly connected through the thread I in the center of the planetary gear (7), and the other end passes through the thread IV in the center of the nut (12) and is rigidly connected to the anchoring section (92); the anchoring section (92) is made of a soft water-absorbing and expanding material, has a thread III along its length, is placed in the guide tube (10), and has a pointed end after passing through the guide tube (10).

8. A divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide tube (10) is an arc-shaped tube with a diameter slightly larger than that of the universal anchor head (9). One end of the tube coincides with the central axis of the planetary gear (7), and the other end is fixedly connected to the anchor tube (2).

9. A divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting slide bar (11) is a smooth Π-shaped structure made of steel bars, which is welded to the inner wall of the anchor pipe (2) by vertical bars at both ends.

10. A divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thread Ⅳ at the center of the nut (12) matches the thread Ⅱ of the drive section (91) of the universal anchor head (9), and it is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the anchor tube (2) by the nut fixing rod (13).

11. A construction method for a divergent anchor pipe suitable for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, comprising the following steps: ① Investigate and analyze the geological conditions of the location of the anchoring project, assess the applicability of the divergent anchor pipe in this project, analyze and determine the location of the potential slip surface (1) of the slope, and design the length and diameter of the anchor pipe (2) and the drive rotating rod (5) and the number, location and size of the anchoring unit (4) according to the engineering design requirements; ②According to the engineering design, assemble the components of the anchoring unit (4) and connect them to the designed section of the anchor pipe (2) by welding; drill holes for the guide pipe (10) to be connected at the designed position of the anchor pipe (2); one end of the guide pipe (10) coincides with the central axis of the planetary gear (7), and the other end passes through the hole and is fixedly connected to the anchor pipe (2) to ensure that the planetary gear (7) is located on the side close to the slope, so that the universal anchor head (9) is in a retracted state; ③ Drill holes at the designed location on the slope. After drilling is completed, insert the anchor pipe (2) and the anchoring unit (4) assembled in step ② into the hole. ④ The sun gear (6) is fixedly connected to the design position of the drive rod (5); the end of the drive rod (5) with the sun gear (6) is inserted into the anchor tube (2) until the sun gear (6) and the planetary gear (7) correspond one-to-one and mesh with each other; ⑤ Use a tool to twist the drive rod (5) to rotate, drive the sun gear (6) to rotate synchronously, and then drive the planetary gear (7) to rotate. Through the planetary gear (7), drive the universal anchor head (9) to expand outward, forming a divergent trumpet-shaped structure around the anchor tube (2); ⑥ After the anchoring section (92) of the universal anchor head (9) absorbs water and expands, the anchor pipe (2) is anchored inside the slope using the anchor (3) to complete the construction.

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