Railway ballast distributing and shaping system and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit construction equipment, and provides a railway ballast distributing and shaping system and an operation method thereof.The railway ballast distributing and shaping system comprises a slope machine, a ballast distributing machine and a sweeping machine, the slope machine is composed of an excavating main machine and an inclined bucket, the bucket body can gather stone ballasts to a sleeper shoulder along with the movement of the slope machine on a line, and the ballast distributing machine is arranged on the slope machine; the ballast distributing machine is composed of an excavating main machine and a ballast distributing plough, the ballast distributing plough can distribute ballast at the position of a sleeper shoulder to the inner sides of the two steel rails or distribute the ballast at the inner sides of the two steel rails to the position of the sleeper shoulder, the ballast distributing plough can shape the ballast at the position of the sleeper end, and the ballast distributing plough can distribute the ballast at the position of the sleeper shoulder to the inner sides of the two steel rails or distribute the ballast at the position of the sleeper shoulder. The cleaning machine is composed of an excavating main machine and a cleaning accessory, and the cleaning operation of the sleeper surface is completed along with the advancing of the cleaning machine on the steel rail. Ballast distribution before tamping and sweeping and shaping operation after tamping are completed by using a medium-sized machine, loading and unloading are convenient, safe and reliable, the mechanization degree is high, and the ballast distribution and shaping efficiency before and after tamping is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit construction equipment technology, specifically to a railway ballast shaping system and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] Before tamping by the tamping machine, the ballast unloading car replenishes the track with ballast in advance. After the unloading car finishes unloading ballast on both sides of the track, there is a lot of ballast piled up on the slopes, but the track center and sleeper shoulders are still in a ballast-deficient state, which seriously affects the tamping efficiency and effect of the tamping machine. Therefore, before tamping by the tamping machine, the ballast on the slopes needs to be uniformly shaped, and the sleeper shoulders and track center need to be replenished with ballast. After tamping by the tamping machine, the ballast on the sleeper surface should be cleaned and the track should be shaped.

[0003] Large ballast shaping cars are mainly used for ballast preparation and shaping operations in the construction and maintenance of new railways and tracks. However, they suffer from problems such as low efficiency due to the mismatch between the operation mode and railway maintenance windows, and insufficient stock due to high purchase and maintenance costs. In operation and maintenance, railway engineering systems often use small track maintenance tools such as forks and rakes for ballast preparation and shaping, which results in low efficiency, poor work quality, and high personal safety risks for construction workers.

[0004] The cleaning and shaping of ballast after tamping by tamping machines is currently mainly done manually, which also suffers from problems such as low efficiency, poor work quality, and high personal safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a railway ballast shaping system and its operation method. It uses medium-sized machinery to complete the ballast preparation before tamping and the cleaning and shaping operations after tamping. It is convenient for track access, safe, reliable, and highly mechanized, and greatly improves the efficiency of ballast preparation and shaping before and after tamping.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A railway ballast shaping system includes a slope trimmer, a ballast trimmer, and a sweeper.

[0008] The slope stabilizing machine consists of an excavator and an inclined bucket. The inclined bucket includes a quick-change seat, a rotary drive, a bucket body, and a swing drive. Through the combined action of the excavator's working arm, the inclined bucket's rotary drive, and the swing drive, the bucket body can be placed against the slope and at a specified angle to the ballast surface. As the slope stabilizing machine moves along the line, the bucket body can gather the ballast to the ballast shoulder and also form a specified slope on the slope surface, thereby realizing the functions of ballast gathering and slope shaping.

[0009] The ballast distribution machine consists of an excavator and a ballast distribution plow. The ballast distribution plow includes a quick-change seat, a main slewing drive, a right-side plow slewing drive, a right-side plow, a main support, a left-side plow, and a left-side plow slewing drive. By controlling the slewing angle of the main slewing drive, the main support can be positioned above the rails and parallel to them. The left-side plow is always positioned inside the two rails, and the right-side plow is always positioned outside the two rails. When the angle between the right-side plow and the main support is less than 60° and the angle between the left-side plow and the main support is greater than 90°, the ballast distribution plow can distribute the ballast at the shoulder of the ballast bed to the inside of the two rails. When the angle between the left-side plow and the main support is less than 60° and the angle between the right-side plow and the main support is greater than 90°, the ballast distribution plow can distribute the ballast inside the two rails to the shoulder of the ballast bed. When the left-side plow is against the main support or at an angle greater than 120°, and the angle between the right-side plow and the main support is greater than 90°, the ballast distribution plow can shape the ballast at the end of the ballast bed.

[0010] The sweeper consists of an excavator and sweeping attachments. The sweeping attachments include a quick-change seat, a slewing drive, a lifting drive, a roller brush drive, a traveling support, and a roller brush. The sweeper is used to sweep the ballast on the sleepers into the sleeper box. By swinging the working arm of the excavator and rotating the slewing drive, the traveling support is accurately placed on the rail. By lifting the drive, the roller brush is kept at an appropriate distance from the sleeper surface. The roller brush drive drives the roller brush to rotate. As the sweeper moves on the rail, the sweeping operation on the sleeper surface is completed.

[0011] This invention also provides a method for shaping railway ballast, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) Pre-tamping operation process

[0013] Before tamping with a tamping machine, one slope tamping machine and one ballast distribution machine are used to distribute ballast on the railway line. The slope tamping machine is located in front of the ballast distribution machine. The operating speed of the slope tamping machine and the ballast distribution machine is 10km / h. Each slope tamping machine and the ballast distribution machine is equipped with one safety officer. During operation, the slope tamping machine and the ballast distribution machine adopt a small-section cyclic operation method. The operation mode of the ballast distribution machine is also different depending on the distribution of ballast on the line.

[0014] (1-1) The ballast on both sides of the line is relatively uniform

[0015] When the ballast on and along the track is relatively uniform, it is necessary to ensure that the ballast within a range of ±400mm on both sides of the rail is fully filled. The operation procedure is as follows:

[0016] SA11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point of section 1 and moves a small amount of ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the end of the sleeper, until the end of section 1.

[0017] SA12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and gathers a small amount of ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 1.

[0018] SA13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 along the working direction;

[0019] SA14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and, starting from the beginning of section 2, gathers a small amount of ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the end of the sleeper until the end of section 2.

[0020] SA15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and gathers a small amount of ballast on the other side of the slope to the end of the sleeper, until the beginning of section 2.

[0021] SA16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction;

[0022] SA17: Repeat steps SA14 to SA16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the operation;

[0023] SA18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support fall on one side rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 20° to 30° with the main support, and the left plow is at 155° to 170° with the main support. Starting from the beginning of section 1, distribute the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end of section 1.

[0024] SA19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the beginning of section 1.

[0025] SA20: The ballast machine travels empty from the start of section 1 to the end of section 1 along the working direction;

[0026] SA21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starting from the beginning of section 2, distributes the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end of section 2.

[0027] SA22: The ballast distribution machine turns around at the end of section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the beginning of section 2.

[0028] SA23: The ballast machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction;

[0029] SA24: The ballast mixer repeats steps SA21 to SA23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the work; at the same time, ensure that the ballast mixer can enter the N interval only after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the work, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast mixer enters the last interval for work.

[0030] SA25: During operation, the safety officers of the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe the operation of the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine in that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section at the beginning of the section, the safety officer moves from the middle of the section to the middle of the next section.

[0031] (1-2) There is more ballast on one side of the line and less ballast on the other side.

[0032] When there is more ballast on one side of the track and less on the other, the ballast plow first moves the ballast from the side with more ballast between the two rails, and then moves the ballast from between the two rails to the other side of the track, while ensuring that the ballast is fully distributed within a ±400mm range on both sides of the rails; the operation process is as follows:

[0033] SB11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point of section 1 and moves the ballast on the slope with more ballast along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end of section 1;

[0034] SB12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and moves the ballast on the other side of the slope towards the end of the sleeper until the beginning of section 1.

[0035] SB13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 along the working direction;

[0036] SB14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and, starting from the beginning of section 2, gathers the ballast on the slope with more ballast along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end of section 2.

[0037] SB15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and moves the ballast on the other side of the slope towards the end of the sleeper until the beginning of section 2.

[0038] SB16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction;

[0039] SB17: Repeat steps SB14 to SB16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, progressing sequentially until the end of the operation;

[0040] SB18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support fall onto the rail on the side with more ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 20° to 30° with the main support, and the left plow is at 120° to 140° with the main support. Starting from the starting point in section 1, distribute the ballast on the shoulder of the ballast on the side with more ballast to the inside of the track until the end of section 1.

[0041] SB19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1. The rollers of the main support 35 are placed on the rail on the side with less ballast. The opening and closing angle of the side plow is adjusted. The right plow is at an angle of 145° to 160° with the main support, and the left plow is at an angle of 45° to 55° with the main support. The ballast inside the track is distributed to the side with less ballast until the beginning of section 1.

[0042] SB20: The ballast mixer travels empty from the start of section 1 to the end of section 1 along the working direction;

[0043] SB21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2. The rollers of the main support fall onto the rail on the side with more ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow according to step SB18. Starting from the beginning of section 2, distribute the ballast on the shoulder of the ballast on the side with more ballast to the inside of the track until the end of section 2.

[0044] SB22: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 2. The rollers of the main support fall onto the rail on the side with less ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow according to step SB19 to distribute the ballast inside the track to the side with less ballast until the beginning of section 2.

[0045] SB23: The ballast machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction;

[0046] SB24: The ballast mixer repeats steps SB21 to SB23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the work; at the same time, ensure that the ballast mixer can only enter the N interval after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the work, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast mixer enters the last interval to work.

[0047] SB25: During operation, the safety officers of the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe their operation within that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section at the beginning of the section, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section.

[0048] (1-3) There is more ballast on both sides of the line and less ballast in the middle.

[0049] When there is more ballast on both sides of the track and less ballast in the middle, the ballast plow needs to be used to distribute the ballast on both sides of the track to the inside of the two rails, while ensuring that the ballast is fully distributed within a range of ±400mm on both sides of the rails; the operation process is as follows:

[0050] SC11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point of section 1 and moves the ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end of section 1;

[0051] SC12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and gathers the ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 1.

[0052] SC13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 along the working direction;

[0053] SC14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and, starting from the beginning of section 2, gathers the ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end of section 2;

[0054] SC15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and gathers the ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 2.

[0055] SC16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction;

[0056] SC17: Repeat steps SC14 to SC16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, progressing sequentially until the end of the operation;

[0057] SC18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support rest on one side rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 20° to 30° with the main support, and the left plow is at 160° to 170° with the main support. Starting from the beginning of section 1, distribute the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end of section 1.

[0058] SC19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the beginning of section 1;

[0059] SC20: The ballast machine travels empty from the start of section 1 to the end of section 1 along the working direction;

[0060] SC21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and the subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starting from the beginning of section 2, distributes the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end of section 2.

[0061] SC22: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the beginning of section 2;

[0062] SC23: The ballast machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction;

[0063] SC24: The ballast mixer repeats steps SC21 to SC23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the work; at the same time, ensure that the ballast mixer can only enter the N interval after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the work, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast mixer enters the last interval to work.

[0064] SC25: During operation, the safety officers of the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe their operation within that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section at the beginning of the section, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section.

[0065] (2) Post-tamping operation process

[0066] After the tamping machine tamps the track, a sweeper, a ballasting machine, and a slope cutter follow behind the tamping machine in sequence to reshape the railway line. The tamping speed of the tamping machine is about 5 km / h, and the sweeper follows behind the tamping machine at a speed of 5 km / h to carry out sweeping operations. The ballasting machine pushes the ballast at the end of the sleeper to 100 mm outside the two ends of the sleeper, and the slope cutter gathers the ballast below the track slope to within 500 mm outside the two ends of the sleeper, while adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.75. During the operation, the ballasting machine always maintains a distance of more than 200 m from the sweeper. The ballasting machine and the sweeper operate in a small-section cyclic operation method.

[0067] During operation, each sweeper, slope protector, and ballast mixer is assigned a safety officer. The slope protector and ballast mixer employ a small-area cyclical operation method. To ensure that the operating speed is basically matched with the tamping operation, the operating speed of the slope protector and ballast mixer is approximately 10 km / h. The post-tamping operation process is as follows:

[0068] SD11: The sweeper follows the tamping machine and maintains a safe distance, at the same speed as the tamping machine, to sweep the ballast on the ballast surface;

[0069] SD12: When the sweeper is more than 200m away from the starting point of the operation, the ballast mixer enters section 1. The rollers of the main support fall on one side of the rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 150° to 160° with the main support, and the left plow is close to the main support. Start from the starting point in section 1 and work along the tamping direction on one side of the track. Push the ballast at the end of the sleeper to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper until the end of section 1.

[0070] SD13: The ballast distribution machine turns around at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and pushes the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track, until the beginning of section 1.

[0071] SD14: The ballast mixer travels along the tamping direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 without load;

[0072] SD15: The ballast mixer enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starts from the starting point of section 2 to work on one side of the track along the tamping direction, pushing the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper, until the end of section 2.

[0073] SD16: The ballast machine turns around at the end of section 2 and pushes the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track, until the beginning of section 2.

[0074] SD17: The ballast mixer travels along the tamping direction from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 without load;

[0075] SD18: Repeat steps SD15 to SD17 for 200m intervals with the ballast mixing machine, proceeding sequentially until the end of the work; until the end of the work.

[0076] SD19: When the ballast machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the slope tamping machine starts from the starting point in section 1 and moves the ballast below the track slope upwards along the tamping direction to within 500mm of the outer side of both ends of the sleeper, while adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.75, until the end of section 1.

[0077] SD20: The slope cutter turns around at the end of section 1 and moves the ballast below the slope of the track to within 500mm outside both ends of the sleepers on the other side of the track. At the same time, the slope gradient is adjusted to 1:1.75 until the beginning of section 1.

[0078] SD21: The slope protection machine travels along the compaction direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 without any movement.

[0079] SD22: When the ballast mixer enters section 3 and subsequent sections, the slope tamper enters section 2 and starts from the beginning of section 2 along the tamping direction to tamp the ballast below the track slope on one side of the track to within 500mm outside both ends of the sleepers, while adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.75, until the end of section 2.

[0080] SD23: The slope cutter turns around at the end of section 2 and pulls the ballast below the slope of the track up to within 500mm of the outer side of both ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track. At the same time, the slope gradient is adjusted to 1:1.75 until the beginning of section 2.

[0081] SD24: The slope protection machine travels along the compaction direction from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 without load;

[0082] SD25: The slope protection machine repeats steps SD22 to SD24 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the operation; at the same time, it is ensured that the slope protection machine can only enter the N interval after the ballast machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the operation, after the sweeper and ballast machine have moved to a safe location, the slope protection machine enters the last interval for operation.

[0083] SD26: During operation, the sweeper safety officer follows the sweeper forward; the ballast mixing machine and slope protection machine safety officers stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe the operation of the ballast mixing machine and slope protection machine in that section. When the ballast mixing machine or slope protection machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section at the beginning of the section, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section.

[0084] This invention relates to a railway ballast shaping system and its operating method. Medium-sized machinery is used to complete ballast preparation before tamping and cleaning and shaping operations after tamping. Compared to large ballast shaping vehicles, the railway ballast shaping system offers flexible selection of track entry and exit points, is quick and convenient, and has low purchase and maintenance costs. Compared to manual ballast shaping, the railway ballast shaping system requires fewer personnel, has lower labor intensity, simpler construction organization, and higher construction quality and efficiency. The section operation method avoids the risk of collisions between multiple construction devices, which is beneficial for safety personnel to observe and protect. Attached Figure Description

[0085] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator host in this invention.

[0086] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined bucket in this invention.

[0087] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slope protection machine in this invention.

[0088] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ballast plow in this invention.

[0089] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ballast mixing machine in this invention.

[0090] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning attachment in this invention.

[0091] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the sweeper in this invention.

[0092] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ballast distribution in the cross-section of the track bed after ballast shaping in this invention.

[0093] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-tamping inter-area operation method in this invention.

[0094] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the compaction-interval operation method in this invention.

[0095] Wherein: 11-Working arm; 12-Connecting seat; 13-Guide wheel mechanism; 14-Crawler; 15-Driver's cab; 16-Power compartment; 21-Quick change seat; 22-Slewing drive; 23-Bucket body; 24-Swing drive; 25-Lower connecting seat; 31-Quick change seat; 32-Main slewing drive; 33-Right plow slewing drive; 34-Right plow; 35-Main support; 351-Rail guard; 36-Left plow; 37-Left plow slewing drive; 41-Quick change seat; 42-Slewing drive; 43-Lifting drive; 44-Outer cover; 45-Roller brush drive; 46-Traveling support; 47-Roller brush; 48-Fixed support. Detailed Implementation

[0096] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0097] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component.

[0098] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0099] This invention provides a railway ballast shaping system, including a slope trimmer, a ballast trimmer, and a sweeper.

[0100] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the slope protection machine consists of an excavator 1 and an inclined bucket 2. The inclined bucket 2 includes a quick-change seat, a rotary drive, a bucket body, a swing drive, and a lower connecting seat. The rotary drive 22 is fixed below the quick-change seat 21, and the lower connecting seat 25 is bolted to the bottom of the rotary drive 22. The bucket body 23 is hinged to the bottom of the lower connecting seat 25. The main body of the swing drive 24 is a hydraulic cylinder, with one end connected to the lower connecting seat 25 and the other end connected to the bucket body 23. The quick-change seat 21 is connected to the working arm 11 of the excavator 1, so that the excavator 1 and the inclined bucket 2 form a slope protection structure. The machine; the rotary drive 22 can drive the lower connecting seat 25, bucket body 23 and swing drive 24 below it to rotate and lock. The swing drive 24 drives the bucket body 23 to swing within a range of ±45° and lock. Through the joint action of the working arm 11 of the excavator, the rotary drive 22 and the swing drive 24 of the tilting bucket, the bucket body 24 can be close to the slope and at a specified angle to the ballast surface. As the slope machine moves on the line, the bucket body 24 can gather the ballast to the ballast shoulder and also make the slope surface form a specified slope, thereby realizing the functions of ballast gathering and slope shaping.

[0101] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the ballast mixing machine consists of an excavator 1 and a ballast mixing plow 3. The ballast mixing plow includes a quick-change seat 31, a main rotary drive 32, a right plow rotary drive 33, a right plow 34, a main support 35, a rail cover 351, a left plow 36, and a left plow rotary drive 37. The right plow 34 and the left plow 36 are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the main support 35. The right plow 34 can be locked at any angle of 0-180° with the main support 35 under the drive of the right plow rotary drive 33. The left plow 36 can be locked at any angle of 0-180° with the main support 35 under the drive of the left plow rotary drive 37. The main rotary drive 32 can rotate the entire machine at any angle and lock it. During operation, the rotation angle of the main rotary drive 32 is controlled. The main support 35 can be positioned above and parallel to the rails, with the left plow 36 always located inside the two rails and the right plow 34 always located outside the two rails. When the angle between the right plow 34 and the main support is less than 60° and the angle between the left plow 36 and the main support is greater than 90°, the ballast plow 3 can move the ballast at the sleeper shoulder to the inside of the two rails. When the angle between the left plow 36 and the main support is less than 60° and the angle between the right plow 34 and the main support is greater than 90°, the ballast plow 3 can move the ballast inside the two rails to the sleeper shoulder. When the left plow 36 is attached to the main support 35 or the angle between it and the main support 35 is greater than 120°, and the angle between the right plow 34 and the main support 35 is greater than 90°, the ballast plow 3 can shape the ballast at the sleeper end.

[0102] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the sweeper consists of an excavator 1 and a sweeping attachment 4. The sweeper is used to sweep ballast from the sleepers into the sleeper boxes. The sweeping attachment includes a quick-change seat 41, a rotary drive 42, a lifting drive 43, an outer cover 44, a roller brush drive 45, a traveling support 46, a roller brush 47, and a fixed support 48. The rotary drive 42 can drive the entire assembly to rotate. The rotary drive 42 is fixed below the quick-change seat 41, and the fixed support 48 is fixed below the rotary drive 42. The lifting drive 43 and the outer cover 44 are fixed below the fixed support 48. The roller brush drive 45 is fixed above both sides of the outer cover 44, and the roller brush 47 is fixed below the inner side of the outer cover 44. The traveling support 46 is fixed below the lifting drive 43. Drive 42 can drive lifting drive 43, outer cover 44, roller brush drive 45, traveling support 46, roller brush 47, and fixed support 48 to rotate at any angle. Lifting drive 43 can adjust the relative height of traveling support 46, outer cover 44, and roller brush 47. Roller brush drive 45 can drive roller brush 47 to rotate quickly. Roller brush drive 45 drives roller brush 47 to rotate at high speed to complete the sweeping operation. During operation, the working arm 11 of the excavator host 1 swings, and at the same time, the rotation drive 42 rotates to make the traveling support 46 accurately placed on the rail. Lifting drive 42 moves to keep an appropriate distance between roller brush 47 and the bolster surface. Roller brush drive 45 drives roller brush 47 to rotate. As the sweeper moves on the rail, the sweeping operation of the bolster surface is completed.

[0103] This embodiment also provides a railway ballast shaping operation method, which is described in detail below.

[0104] 1. The desired effect of the construction work

[0105] Before using a tamping machine to tamp the ballast, ensure that the ballast on both sides of the track is uniform and that the ballast within ±400mm on both sides of the rail is full.

[0106] After tamping with a tamping machine, the track should be cleaned and shaped to ensure that there is no ballast above the sleepers; a ballast shoulder with a height of about 150mm should be formed within 100 to 500mm on both sides of the sleepers, and the slope should be adjusted to 1:1.75.

[0107] 2. Pre-tamping work procedures, small-area operation method as follows: Figure 9 As shown

[0108] Before tamping with a tamping machine, one slope tamping machine and one ballast distribution machine are used to distribute ballast along the railway line. The slope tamping machine is positioned in front of the ballast distribution machine, and both machines operate at a speed of 10 km / h. Each machine is staffed with one safety officer. To ensure the safety of each module and facilitate the safety of the officers, the slope tamping machine and ballast distribution machine employ a small-section cyclical operation method. The operating mode of the ballast distribution machine varies depending on the distribution of ballast along the line.

[0109] 2.1. The ballast on both sides of the track is relatively uniform.

[0110] When the ballast on and along the track is relatively uniform, it is necessary to ensure that the ballast within a ±400mm radius on both sides of the rail is fully filled. The work procedure is as follows:

[0111] SA11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point (0m work point) in section 1 and moves a small amount of ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the end of the sleeper, until the end point (200m work point) of section 1 (Z1).

[0112] SA12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and gathers a small amount of ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 1 (Z2).

[0113] SA13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 (Z3) along the working direction;

[0114] SA14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and starts from the starting point of section 2 (200m work point) to gather a small amount of ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the end of the sleeper until the end point of section 2 (400m work point) (Z4).

[0115] SA15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and gathers a small amount of ballast on the other side of the slope to the end of the sleeper until the beginning of section 2 (Z5).

[0116] SA16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 (Z6) along the working direction;

[0117] SA17: Repeat steps SA14 to SA16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the operation;

[0118] SA18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support 35 fall on one side rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow 34 is at approximately 25° to the main support 35, and the left plow 36 is at approximately 165° to the main support 35. Starting from the starting point (0m work point) in section 1, distribute the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end point (200m work point) of section 1 (Z1).

[0119] SA19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the starting point of section 1 (Z2).

[0120] SA20: The ballast machine travels along the working direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 (Z3);

[0121] SA21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starting from the starting point of section 2 (200m working point), distribute the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end point of section 2 (400m working point) (Z4).

[0122] SA22: The ballast distribution machine turns around at the end of section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the starting point of section 2 (Z5).

[0123] SA23: The ballast machine travels along the working direction from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 (Z6);

[0124] SA24: The ballast machine repeats steps SA21 to SA23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the operation; at the same time, ensure that the ballast machine can only enter the N interval after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the operation, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast machine enters the last interval for operation.

[0125] SA25: During operation, the safety officers for the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe their operation within that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section from the beginning, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section.

[0126] 2.2. There is more ballast on one side of the track and less ballast on the other side.

[0127] When there is more ballast on one side of the track and less on the other, the ballast plow first moves the ballast from the side with more ballast between the two rails, and then moves the ballast from between the two rails to the other side of the track, ensuring that the ballast is fully distributed within a ±400mm range on both sides of the rails. The operation process is as follows:

[0128] SB11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point (0m work point) in section 1 and moves the ballast on the slope with more ballast along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end point (200m work point) of section 1 (Z1).

[0129] SB12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and pulls the ballast on the other side of the slope towards the end of the sleeper until the beginning of section 1 (Z2).

[0130] SB13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 (Z3) along the working direction;

[0131] SB14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and starts from the starting point of section 2 (200m work point) to gather the ballast on the slope with more ballast along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end point of section 2 (400m work point) (Z4).

[0132] SB15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and pulls the ballast on the other side of the slope towards the end of the sleeper until the beginning of section 2 (Z5).

[0133] SB16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 (Z6) along the working direction;

[0134] SB17: Repeat steps SB14 to SB16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, progressing sequentially until the end of the operation;

[0135] SB18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support 35 fall onto the rail on the side with more ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plows. The right plow 34 is at approximately 25° to the main support 35, and the left plow 36 is at approximately 130° to the main support 35. Starting from the starting point (0m work point) in section 1, distribute the ballast on the side with more ballast to the inside of the track until the end point (200m work point) of section 1 (Z1).

[0136] SB19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1. The rollers of the main support 35 fall onto the rail on the side with less ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plows. The right plow 34 is at approximately 155° to the main support 35, and the left plow 36 is at approximately 50° to the main support 35. Distribute the ballast inside the track to the side with less ballast until the starting point of section 1 (Z2).

[0137] SB20: The ballast mixer travels along the working direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 (Z3);

[0138] SB21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and the subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2. The rollers of the main support 35 fall onto the rail on the side with more ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow according to step SB18. Starting from the beginning of section 2, distribute the ballast on the shoulder of the ballast on the side with more ballast to the inside of the line until the end of section 2 (400m work point) (Z4).

[0139] SB22: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 2. The rollers of the main support 35 fall onto the rail on the side with less ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow according to step SB19 to distribute the ballast inside the track to the side with less ballast until the starting point of section 2 (Z5).

[0140] SB23: The ballast mixer travels along the working direction from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 (Z6);

[0141] SB24: The ballast mixer repeats steps SB21 to SB23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the work; at the same time, ensure that the ballast mixer can only enter the N interval after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the work, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast mixer enters the last interval to work.

[0142] SB25: During operation, the safety officers for the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe their operation within that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section from the beginning, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section.

[0143] 2.3. There is more ballast on both sides of the line and less ballast in the middle.

[0144] When there is more ballast on both sides and less ballast in the middle of the track, the ballast plow should be used to distribute the ballast on both sides of the track to the inside of the two rails, while ensuring that the ballast is fully distributed within a ±400mm range on both sides of the rails. The operation process is as follows:

[0145] SC11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point (0m work point) in section 1 and moves the ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end point (200m work point) (Z1) of section 1.

[0146] SC12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and gathers the ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 1 (Z2);

[0147] SC13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 (Z3) along the working direction;

[0148] SC14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and starts from the starting point of section 2 (200m work point) to gather the ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end point of section 2 (400m work point) (Z4).

[0149] SC15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and gathers the ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 2 (Z5);

[0150] SC16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 (Z6) along the working direction;

[0151] SC17: Repeat steps SC14 to SC16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, progressing sequentially until the end of the operation;

[0152] SC18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support 35 fall on one side rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow 34 is at approximately 25° to the main support 35, and the left plow 36 is at approximately 165° to the main support 35. Starting from the starting point (0m working point) in section 1, distribute the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end point (200m working point) of section 1 (Z1).

[0153] SC19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the starting point of section 1 (Z2).

[0154] SC20: The ballast mixer travels along the working direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 (Z3);

[0155] SC21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and the subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starting from the starting point of section 2 (200m working point), distribute the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end point of section 2 (400m working point) (Z4).

[0156] SC22: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the starting point of section 2 (Z5);

[0157] SC23: The ballast machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 (Z6) along the working direction;

[0158] SC24: The ballast mixer repeats steps SC21 to SC23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the work; at the same time, ensure that the ballast mixer can only enter the N interval after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the work, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast mixer enters the last interval to work.

[0159] SC25: During operation, the safety officers for the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe their operation within that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section from the beginning, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section.

[0160] 3. Post-tamping work procedures, such as the small-area operation method. Figure 10 As shown

[0161] After tamping by the tamping machine, a sweeper, a ballasting machine, and a slope trimmer follow in sequence to reshape the railway line. The tamping speed of the tamping machine is approximately 5 km / h. The sweeper follows behind the tamping machine at a speed of 5 km / h to perform sweeping operations. The ballasting machine pushes the ballast at the sleeper ends to within 100 mm of the outer edge of each sleeper. The slope trimmer gathers the ballast below the track slope upwards to within 500 mm of the outer edge of each sleeper, simultaneously adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.75. During the operation, the ballasting machine maintains a distance of more than 200 meters from the sweeper, and the ballasting machine and sweeper operate using a small-section cyclical operation method.

[0162] During operation, each sweeper, slope protector, and ballast mixer is assigned a safety officer. To ensure the safety of each module and facilitate the safety officers' work, the slope protector and ballast mixer employ a small-area cyclical operation method. To ensure that the operating speed is basically matched with the tamping operation, the operating speed of the slope protector and ballast mixer is approximately 10 km / h. The post-tamping operation process is as follows:

[0163] SD11: The sweeper follows the tamping machine at a safe distance, at the same speed as the tamping machine, and sweeps the ballast on the ballast surface.

[0164] SD12: When the sweeper is more than 200m away from the starting point of the operation, the ballast mixer enters section 1. The rollers of the main support 35 fall on one side of the rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow 34 is at about 155° with the main support 35, and the left plow 36 is close to the main support 35. Start from the starting point (0m operation point) in section 1 and work along the tamping direction on one side of the track. Push the ballast at the end of the sleeper to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper until the end point (200m operation point) of section 1 (Z1).

[0165] SD13: The ballast distribution machine turns around at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and pushes the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track, until the starting point of section 1 (Z2).

[0166] SD14: The ballast mixer travels along the tamping direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 (Z3);

[0167] SD15: The ballast mixer enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starts from the starting point of section 2 (200m work point) to work along the tamping direction on one side of the track, pushing the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper, until the end point of section 2 (400m work point) (Z4).

[0168] SD16: The ballast machine turns around at the end of section 2 and pushes the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track, until the starting point of section 2 (Z5);

[0169] SD17: The ballast mixer travels along the tamping direction from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 (Z6);

[0170] SD18: Repeat steps SD15 to SD17 for 200m intervals with the ballast mixing machine, proceeding sequentially until the end of the work; until the end of the work.

[0171] SD19: When the ballast machine enters section 2 and the subsequent sections, the slope tamper starts from the starting point (0m work point) in section 1 and moves the ballast below the track slope upwards along the tamping direction to within 500mm outside both ends of the sleepers, while adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.75, until the end point (200m work point) of section 1 (Z1).

[0172] SD20: The slope cutter turns around at the end of section 1 and pulls the ballast below the slope of the track up to within 500mm outside the two ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track. At the same time, the slope gradient is adjusted to 1:1.75 until the starting point of section 1 (Z2).

[0173] SD21: The slope protection machine travels along the compaction direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 (Z3);

[0174] SD22: When the ballast machine enters section 3 and the subsequent sections, the slope tamper enters section 2 and starts from the starting point of section 2 (200m work point) along the tamping direction to tamp the ballast below the track slope on one side of the track to within 500mm outside both ends of the sleepers, while adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.75, until the end point of section 2 (400m work point) (Z4).

[0175] SD23: The slope cutter turns around at the end of section 2 and pulls the ballast below the slope of the track up to within 500mm outside both ends of the sleepers on the other side of the track. At the same time, the slope gradient is adjusted to 1:1.75 until the starting point of section 2 (Z5).

[0176] SD24: The slope protection machine travels along the compaction direction from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 (Z6);

[0177] SD25: The slope protection machine repeats steps SD22 to SD24 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the operation; at the same time, it is ensured that the slope protection machine can only enter the N interval after the ballast machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the operation, after the sweeper and ballast machine have moved to a safe location, the slope protection machine enters the last interval for operation.

[0178] SD26: During operation, the sweeper safety officer follows the sweeper forward; the ballast mixing machine and slope protection machine safety officers stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe their operation within that section. When the ballast mixing machine or slope protection machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section from the beginning, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section.

[0179] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0180] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A railway ballast shaping system, characterized in that: This includes slope protection machines, ballast mixing machines, and sweeping machines; The slope stabilizing machine consists of an excavator and an inclined bucket. The inclined bucket includes a quick-change seat, a rotary drive, a bucket body, and a swing drive. Through the combined action of the working arm of the excavator and the rotary and swing drives of the inclined bucket, the bucket body can be placed against the slope and at a specified angle to the ballast surface. As the slope stabilizing machine moves along the line, the bucket body can gather the ballast to the ballast shoulder and can also form a specified slope on the slope surface, thereby realizing the functions of ballast gathering and slope shaping. The ballast distribution machine consists of an excavator and a ballast distribution plow. The ballast distribution plow includes a quick-change seat, a main slewing drive, a right-side plow slewing drive, a right-side plow, a main support, a left-side plow, and a left-side plow slewing drive. By controlling the slewing angle of the main slewing drive, the main support can be positioned above the rails and parallel to them. The left-side plow is always positioned inside the two rails, and the right-side plow is always positioned outside the two rails. When the angle between the right-side plow and the main support is less than 60° and the angle between the left-side plow and the main support is greater than 90°, the ballast distribution plow can distribute the ballast at the shoulder of the ballast to the inside of the two rails. When the angle between the left-side plow and the main support is less than 60° and the angle between the right-side plow and the main support is greater than 90°, the ballast distribution plow can distribute the ballast inside the two rails to the shoulder. When the left-side plow is close to the main support or at an angle greater than 120°, and the angle between the right-side plow and the main support is greater than 90°, the ballast distribution plow can shape the ballast at the end of the ballast. The sweeper consists of an excavator and sweeping attachments. The sweeping attachments include a quick-change seat, a slewing drive, a lifting drive, a roller brush drive, a traveling support, and a roller brush. The sweeper is used to sweep the ballast on the sleepers into the sleeper box. By swinging the working arm of the excavator and rotating the slewing drive, the traveling support is accurately placed on the rail. By lifting the drive, the roller brush is kept at an appropriate distance from the sleeper surface. The roller brush drive drives the roller brush to rotate. As the sweeper moves on the rail, the sweeping operation on the sleeper surface is completed.

2. The railway ballast shaping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tilting bucket includes a quick-change seat, a rotary drive, a bucket body, a swing drive, and a lower connecting seat. The rotary drive is fixed below the quick-change seat, the lower connecting seat is bolted below the rotary drive, and the bucket body is hinged below the lower connecting seat. The swing drive is a hydraulic cylinder, with one end connected to the lower connecting seat and the other end connected to the bucket body. The quick-change seat is connected to the working arm of the excavator, so that the excavator and the tilting bucket form a slope protection machine. The rotary drive can drive the lower connecting seat, the bucket body, and the swing drive below it to rotate and lock. The swing drive drives the bucket body to swing within a range of ±45° and lock.

3. The railway ballast shaping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ballast plow includes a quick-change seat, a main slewing drive, a right-side plow slewing drive, a right-side plow, a main support, a rail cover, a left-side plow, and a left-side plow slewing drive. The main support is connected to the right-side plow and the left-side plow on the left and right sides respectively. The right-side plow can be locked at any angle of 0-180° with the main support under the drive of the right-side plow slewing drive. The left-side plow can be locked at any angle of 0-180° with the main support under the drive of the left-side plow slewing drive. The main slewing drive can drive the entire plow to rotate at any angle and lock it.

4. The railway ballast shaping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning attachment includes a quick-change seat, a rotary drive, a lifting drive, an outer cover, a roller brush drive, a traveling support, a roller brush, and a fixed support. The rotary drive can drive the entire assembly to rotate. The rotary drive is fixed below the quick-change seat, and the fixed support is fixed below the rotary drive. The lifting drive and the outer cover are fixed below the fixed support. The roller brush drive is fixed above both sides of the outer cover, and the roller brush is fixed below the inner side of the outer cover. The traveling support is fixed below the lifting drive. The rotary drive can drive the lifting drive, outer cover, roller brush drive, traveling support, roller brush, and fixed support to rotate at any angle. The lifting drive can adjust the relative height of the traveling support, outer cover, and roller brush. The roller brush drive can drive the roller brush to rotate rapidly, thus completing the cleaning operation.

5. A method for shaping railway ballast, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) Pre-tamping operation process Before tamping with a tamping machine, one slope tamping machine and one ballast distribution machine are used to distribute ballast on the railway line. The slope tamping machine is located in front of the ballast distribution machine. The operating speed of the slope tamping machine and the ballast distribution machine is 10km / h. Each slope tamping machine and the ballast distribution machine is equipped with one safety officer. During operation, the slope tamping machine and the ballast distribution machine adopt a small-section cyclic operation method. The operation mode of the ballast distribution machine is also different depending on the distribution of ballast on the line. (1-1) The ballast on both sides of the line is relatively uniform When the ballast on and along the track is relatively uniform, it is necessary to ensure that the ballast within a range of ±400mm on both sides of the rail is fully filled. The operation procedure is as follows: SA11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point of section 1 and moves a small amount of ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the end of the sleeper, until the end of section 1. SA12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and gathers a small amount of ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 1. SA13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 along the working direction; SA14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and, starting from the beginning of section 2, gathers a small amount of ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the end of the sleeper until the end of section 2. SA15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and gathers a small amount of ballast on the other side of the slope to the end of the sleeper, until the beginning of section 2. SA16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction; SA17: Repeat steps SA14 to SA16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the operation; SA18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support fall on one side rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 20° to 30° with the main support, and the left plow is at 155° to 170° with the main support. Starting from the beginning of section 1, distribute the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end of section 1. SA19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the beginning of section 1. SA20: The ballast machine travels empty from the start of section 1 to the end of section 1 along the working direction; SA21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starting from the beginning of section 2, distributes the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end of section 2. SA22: The ballast distribution machine turns around at the end of section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the beginning of section 2. SA23: The ballast machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction; SA24: The ballast mixer repeats steps SA21 to SA23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the work; at the same time, ensure that the ballast mixer can enter the N interval only after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the work, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast mixer enters the last interval for work. SA25: During operation, the safety officers of the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe the operation of the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine in that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section at the beginning of the section, the safety officer moves from the middle of the section to the middle of the next section. (1-2) There is more ballast on one side of the line and less ballast on the other side. When there is more ballast on one side of the track and less on the other, the ballast plow first moves the ballast from the side with more ballast between the two rails, and then moves the ballast from between the two rails to the other side of the track, while ensuring that the ballast is fully distributed within a ±400mm range on both sides of the rails; the operation process is as follows: SB11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point of section 1 and moves the ballast on the slope with more ballast along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end of section 1; SB12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and moves the ballast on the other side of the slope towards the end of the sleeper until the beginning of section 1. SB13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 along the working direction; SB14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and, starting from the beginning of section 2, gathers the ballast on the slope with more ballast along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end of section 2. SB15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and moves the ballast on the other side of the slope towards the end of the sleeper until the beginning of section 2. SB16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction; SB17: Repeat steps SB14 to SB16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, progressing sequentially until the end of the operation; SB18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support fall onto the rail on the side with more ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 20° to 30° with the main support, and the left plow is at 120° to 140° with the main support. Starting from the starting point in section 1, distribute the ballast on the shoulder of the ballast on the side with more ballast to the inside of the track until the end of section 1. SB19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1. The rollers of the main support fall onto the rail on the side with less ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 145° to 160° with the main support, and the left plow is at 45° to 55° with the main support. Distribute the ballast inside the track to the side with less ballast until the beginning of section 1. SB20: The ballast mixer travels empty from the start of section 1 to the end of section 1 along the working direction; SB21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2. The rollers of the main support fall onto the rail on the side with more ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow according to step SB18. Starting from the beginning of section 2, distribute the ballast on the shoulder of the ballast on the side with more ballast to the inside of the track until the end of section 2. SB22: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 2. The rollers of the main support fall onto the rail on the side with less ballast. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow according to step SB19 to distribute the ballast inside the track to the side with less ballast until the beginning of section 2. SB23: The ballast machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction; SB24: The ballast mixer repeats steps SB21 to SB23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the work; at the same time, ensure that the ballast mixer can only enter the N interval after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the work, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast mixer enters the last interval to work. SB25: During operation, the safety officers of the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe their operation within that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section at the beginning of the section, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section. (1-3) There is more ballast on both sides of the line and less ballast in the middle. When there is more ballast on both sides of the track and less ballast in the middle, the ballast plow needs to be used to distribute the ballast on both sides of the track to the inside of the two rails, while ensuring that the ballast is fully distributed within a range of ±400mm on both sides of the rails; the operation process is as follows: SC11: The slope protection machine starts from the starting point of section 1 and moves the ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end of section 1; SC12: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 1 and gathers the ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 1. SC13: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 along the working direction; SC14: The slope protection machine enters section 2 and, starting from the beginning of section 2, gathers the ballast on one side of the slope along the working direction to the shoulder, until the end of section 2; SC15: The slope protection machine turns around at the end of section 2 and gathers the ballast on the other side of the slope to the shoulder, until the beginning of section 2. SC16: The slope protection machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction; SC17: Repeat steps SC14 to SC16 with the slope protection machine in 200m intervals, progressing sequentially until the end of the operation; SC18: When the slope protection machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 1. The rollers of the main support rest on one side rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 20° to 30° with the main support, and the left plow is at 160° to 170° with the main support. Starting from the beginning of section 1, distribute the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end of section 1. SC19: The ballast distribution machine rotates at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the beginning of section 1; SC20: The ballast machine travels empty from the start of section 1 to the end of section 1 along the working direction; SC21: When the slope protection machine enters section 3 and the subsequent sections, the ballast distribution machine enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starting from the beginning of section 2, distributes the ballast on the side shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the end of section 2. SC22: The ballast distribution machine turns around at the end of section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and distributes the ballast on the other side of the track shoulder to the rail within ±400mm of that side, until the beginning of section 2; SC23: The ballast machine travels empty from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 along the working direction; SC24: The ballast mixer repeats steps SC21 to SC23 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the work; at the same time, ensure that the ballast mixer can only enter the N interval after the slope protection machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the work, after the slope protection machine has moved to a safe location, the ballast mixer enters the last interval to work. SC25: During operation, the safety officers of the slope protection machine and the ballast mixing machine stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe their operation within that section. When the slope protection machine or the ballast mixing machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section at the beginning of the section, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section. (2) Post-tamping operation process After the tamping machine tamps the track, a sweeper, a ballasting machine, and a slope cutter follow behind the tamping machine in sequence to reshape the railway line. The tamping speed of the tamping machine is about 5 km / h, and the sweeper follows behind the tamping machine at a speed of 5 km / h to carry out sweeping operations. The ballasting machine pushes the ballast at the end of the sleeper to 100 mm outside the two ends of the sleeper, and the slope cutter gathers the ballast below the track slope to within 500 mm outside the two ends of the sleeper, while adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.

75. During the operation, the ballasting machine always maintains a distance of more than 200 m from the sweeper. The ballasting machine and the sweeper operate in a small-section cyclic operation method. During operation, each sweeper, slope protector, and ballast mixer is assigned a safety officer. The slope protector and ballast mixer employ a small-area cyclical operation method. To ensure that the operating speed is basically matched with the tamping operation, the operating speed of the slope protector and ballast mixer is approximately 10 km / h. The post-tamping operation process is as follows: SD11: The sweeper follows the tamping machine at a safe distance, at the same speed as the tamping machine, and sweeps the ballast on the ballast surface; SD12: When the sweeper is more than 200m away from the starting point of the operation, the ballast mixer enters section 1. The rollers of the main support fall on one side of the rail. Adjust the opening and closing angle of the side plow. The right plow is at 150° to 160° with the main support, and the left plow is close to the main support. Start from the starting point in section 1 and work along the tamping direction on one side of the track. Push the ballast at the end of the sleeper to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper until the end of section 1. SD13: The ballast distribution machine turns around at the end of section 1, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and pushes the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track, until the beginning of section 1. SD14: The ballast mixer travels along the tamping direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 without load; SD15: The ballast mixer enters section 2, keeping the side plow opening and closing angle unchanged, and starts from the starting point of section 2 to work on one side of the track along the tamping direction, pushing the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper, until the end of section 2. SD16: The ballast machine turns around at the end of section 2 and pushes the ballast at the sleeper end to 100mm outside the two ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track, until the beginning of section 2. SD17: The ballast mixer travels along the tamping direction from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 without load; SD18: Repeat steps SD15 to SD17 for 200m intervals with the ballast machine, proceeding sequentially until the end of the work; until the end of the work. SD19: When the ballast machine enters section 2 and subsequent sections, the slope tamping machine starts from the starting point in section 1 and moves the ballast below the track slope upwards along the tamping direction to within 500mm of the outer side of both ends of the sleeper, while adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.75, until the end of section 1. SD20: The slope cutter turns around at the end of section 1 and moves the ballast below the slope of the track to within 500mm outside both ends of the sleepers on the other side of the track. At the same time, the slope gradient is adjusted to 1:1.75 until the beginning of section 1. SD21: The slope protection machine travels along the compaction direction from the starting point of section 1 to the ending point of section 1 without any movement. SD22: When the ballast mixer enters section 3 and subsequent sections, the slope tamper enters section 2 and starts from the beginning of section 2 along the tamping direction to tamp the ballast below the track slope on one side of the track to within 500mm outside both ends of the sleepers, while adjusting the slope gradient to 1:1.75, until the end of section 2. SD23: The slope cutter turns around at the end of section 2 and pulls the ballast below the slope of the track up to within 500mm of the outer side of both ends of the sleeper on the other side of the track. At the same time, the slope gradient is adjusted to 1:1.75 until the beginning of section 2. SD24: The slope protection machine travels along the compaction direction from the starting point of section 2 to the ending point of section 2 without load; SD25: The slope protection machine repeats steps SD22 to SD24 in 200m intervals, advancing sequentially until the end of the operation; at the same time, it is ensured that the slope protection machine can only enter the N interval after the ballast machine has entered the N+1 interval and subsequent intervals; at the end of the operation, after the sweeper and ballast machine have moved to a safe location, the slope protection machine enters the last interval for operation. SD26: During operation, the sweeper safety officer follows the sweeper forward; the ballast mixing machine and slope protection machine safety officers stand in the middle of their respective sections to observe the operation of the ballast mixing machine and slope protection machine in that section. When the ballast mixing machine or slope protection machine is about to travel empty to the end of the section at the beginning of the section, the safety officer moves from the middle of that section to the middle of the next section.

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