Horizontal layering collaborative filling efficient and safe mining method for steeply inclined thick and large ore body
By employing horizontal medium-deep hole drilling equipment and paste backfilling in steeply inclined thick ore bodies, the problems of low production capacity, low efficiency, and poor safety in the mining of steeply inclined thick ore bodies have been solved, achieving efficient and safe layered mining and backfilling, and improving production scale and safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511869580.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies have problems such as low production capacity, low efficiency, and high safety hazards in the mining of steeply inclined thick ore bodies. In particular, when shallow hole blasting is used in the layered mining from bottom to top, the frequent alternation of operations leads to low production capacity and poor safety.
Horizontal medium-deep hole drilling equipment is used to construct horizontal medium-deep holes perpendicular to the ore body strike in layered horizontal connecting roadways. Combined with paste backfilling, the exposed area of the stope is controlled to achieve layered mining and backfilling, avoiding the safety issues of two-step stope mining, and improving production efficiency through alternating blasting and backfilling processes.
It significantly improved the production capacity and efficiency of the mining area, reduced labor intensity, enhanced adaptability to changes in ore and rock, reduced ore loss and dilution, and improved the safety of mining.
Smart Images
Figure CN121593801A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a highly efficient and safe mining method for horizontally layered and collaboratively filled steeply inclined thick ore bodies, which is particularly suitable for the highly efficient and safe mining of steeply inclined thick ore bodies by horizontally layered and collaboratively filled, and belongs to the field of underground mining technology. Background Technology
[0002] The upward horizontal layered backfilling mining method is widely used in the mining of steeply dipping and irregular ore bodies due to its adaptability to changes in ore and rock and its high flexibility. It has a high ore recovery rate and low dilution and loss rate during ore body mining. However, when used for mining steeply dipping and thick ore bodies, there are two main problems: (1) In order to control the exposed area of the ore body on the roof of the stope, the thick ore body needs to be divided into a first-step stope and mined in two steps. First, the first step is mined, and then the second step is mined after the first step is completed. During the second step mining, the safety conditions of the second step mining are greatly deteriorated due to the complex factors such as blasting vibration damage and backfilling water bleeding in the first step stope, resulting in poor mining safety. (2) In the mining area, shallow-hole blasting is used to extract ore in layers from bottom to top. Shallow-hole drilling equipment is used to construct blast holes in the longwall face. Each blast advances 3-4 meters, resulting in a small amount of ore extracted per blast. The processes of drilling, blasting, charging, ventilation, support, and ore extraction are frequently alternated, leading to long mining operation time, low production capacity, low production efficiency, and increased safety hazards. Therefore, how to utilize the high selectivity of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method while using deep-hole mining technology for large-scale blasting to achieve safe, efficient, and low-loss mining of steeply inclined, thick ore bodies has become an urgent problem to be solved.
[0003] With the continuous improvement of drilling efficiency of medium-deep hole drilling rigs, the use of medium-deep hole drilling rigs and medium-deep hole blasting technology can form horizontal layered roadways and cutting grooves perpendicular to the ore body at the ore-rock interface. During layered mining, horizontal medium-deep holes are used to laterally blast the ore according to a certain mining and backfilling step distance. At the same time, paste backfilling is used to control the exposed area of the stope. This not only increases the free face of deep hole blasting, improves the blasting efficiency and production scale of the stope, and reduces the labor intensity of workers, but also allows for adaptation to changes in ore and rock through segmented mining, reduces ore loss and dilution, avoids large areas of goaf through segmented backfilling, and reduces temporary support engineering and support costs. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the technical problems of existing horizontal layered mining techniques for steeply inclined, thick ore bodies, such as low production capacity, low efficiency, and significant safety hazards, this invention provides a highly efficient and safe method for horizontal layered collaborative backfilling mining of steeply inclined, thick ore bodies. This method has advantages such as high mining blasting efficiency, large production scale, low labor intensity, strong adaptability to changes in ore and rock, low ore loss and dilution, and timely backfilling.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is a method for efficient and safe mining of steeply inclined, thick ore bodies through horizontal layered collaborative backfilling, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The stopes are arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a length of 60-100m and a width equal to the thickness of the ore body. No pillars are left between adjacent stopes. The stopes are numbered from one end to the other along the strike of the ore body. The stopes are not divided into first and second steps; they are mined in stages. All stopes in the entire middle section are mined synchronously from bottom to top, layer by layer. The stopes are divided into left and right mining areas along the strike, with a certain backfilling step distance. L The blasting and filling are carried out alternately. The odd-numbered stopes are 3 mining and filling steps ahead of the even-numbered stopes. That is, when the odd-numbered stopes are mining the ore body at the (n+3)th mining and filling step of this layer, the even-numbered stopes are mining the ore body at the nth mining and filling step of this layer. Step 2: Construction of the mining preparation project. Construction of the mining preparation ramp and sub-level roadways in the footwall of the ore body. From the sub-level transport roadway, excavate the layered connecting roadway in the center of the stope to the boundary of the layered ore body footwall. Within the footwall boundary vein, excavate the layered horizontal connecting roadways along the ore body strike to both sides to the stope boundary. At both ends of the layered horizontal connecting roadways, excavate horizontal cutting roadways perpendicular to the ore body strike. Excavate and fill the return air shaft and ore pass in the footwall surrounding rock, connecting them to the sub-level roadways. Step 3: During the mining of each layer in the stope, the first backfilling step of the left stope is mined first. After the ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the left stope is completed, backfilling begins. At the same time, blasting and ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the right stope are carried out simultaneously. After the ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the right stope is completed, backfilling begins. At this time, the backfill body of the first backfilling step of the left stope is cured, and blasting and ore extraction of the second backfilling step are carried out simultaneously... This alternating cycle continues until the entire layered mining is completed. During the mining of the stope, Horizontal medium-deep hole drilling equipment is used to construct horizontal medium-deep holes perpendicular to the ore body strike in the layered horizontal connecting roadway. Each horizontal medium-deep hole is constructed for one mining and backfilling step distance. The ore is blasted out using the horizontal cutting roadway as the free face and compensation space. A loader is used to shovel the blasted ore into the ore pass. Then the goaf is backfilled. When backfilling the goaf, a backfilling retaining wall is first erected along the entire length of the goaf perpendicular to the ore body strike. The backfilling retaining wall is erected 3-4m away from the working face to reserve compensation space for the next mining and backfilling step distance. Then the mining area is backfilled and connected to the roof. Step 4: After the backfilling of this layer is completed, move to the next layer for mining. Press the top of the connecting roadway of this layer to the elevation of the next layer. Repeat steps 2 and 3... and so on until the entire mining area is mined out.
[0006] Preferably, the height of the middle section of the mining area is 50-60m, the height of the sub-sections is 10-15m, and the height of the layers is 3-5m.
[0007] Preferably, the reserved compensation space is 3-4m wide.
[0008] Furthermore, the single-time backfilling step distance L The value is determined comprehensively based on factors such as the engineering geological conditions of the ore and rock, the stress of the original rock, the support technology and parameters of the mining area.
[0009] Preferably, the diameter of the horizontal medium-deep borehole is 65~76mm, the borehole row spacing is 1.2~2m, and the hole spacing is 1.4~2.2m.
[0010] Furthermore, during the backfilling of the stope, the main backfilling pipeline enters the reserved compensation space through the backfilling return air shaft and the layered horizontal connecting roadway. Then, multiple backfilling branch pipes are set through tees and enter the empty area through the reserved holes in the backfilling retaining wall to ensure that the backfilling of the stope is connected to the roof.
[0011] Preferably, when the stope is filled in layers, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the top 0.5-1m of filling material is greater than or equal to 1.5-2MPa, and the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the filling material below the top 0.5-1m is 0.5-1MPa.
[0012] Beneficial effects Compared with existing technologies and methods, the efficient and safe mining method for horizontal layered co-filling of steeply inclined thick ore bodies provided by the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The use of horizontal medium-deep hole mining significantly increases the production capacity and efficiency of the mining area compared with the shallow hole mining of the existing upward horizontal layered filling method, which can effectively ensure the realization of mine production capacity; (2) Unlike the traditional method of dividing thick ore bodies into one or two steps of mining and mining in two steps using the upward layered filling method, the mining method provided by the present invention does not divide the mining area into one or two steps in the middle section. All mining areas in the middle section are raised and layered in one go, which can effectively avoid the mining problem of two-step mining area and greatly improve the mining safety. Attached Figure Description
[0013] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0014] Figure 1 This is a front view of the mining method of the present invention; Figure 2 The mining method of the present invention follows Figure 1 Sectional view along line AA; Figure 3 The mining method of the present invention follows Figure 1 Sectional view along the BB line; In the diagram: 1—Mining ramp; 2—Sectional horizontal roadway; 3—Layered connecting roadway; 4—Layered horizontal connecting roadway; 5—Backfilled return air shaft; 6—Ore pass; 7—Collapsed ore; 8—Backfill body; 9—Reserved compensation space; 10—Horizontal medium-deep hole. Detailed Implementation
[0015] The technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0016] This invention provides a highly efficient and safe mining method for steeply dipping, thick ore bodies using horizontal layered collaborative backfilling, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The stopes are arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a length of 60-100m and a width equal to the thickness of the ore body. No pillars are left between adjacent stopes. The stopes are numbered from one end to the other along the strike of the ore body. The stopes are not divided into first and second steps; they are mined in stages. All stopes in the entire middle section are mined synchronously from bottom to top, layer by layer. The stopes are divided into left and right mining areas along the strike, with a certain backfilling step distance. L The blasting and filling are carried out alternately. The odd-numbered stopes are 3 mining and filling steps ahead of the even-numbered stopes. That is, when the odd-numbered stopes are mining the ore body at the (n+3)th mining and filling step of this layer, the even-numbered stopes are mining the ore body at the nth mining and filling step of this layer. Step 2: Construction of the mining preparation project. Construction of the mining preparation ramp 1 and the segmented horizontal roadway 2 in the footwall of the ore body. At the center of the stope, excavating the layered connecting roadway 3 from the segmented transport roadway to the boundary of the layered ore body footwall. Within the footwall boundary vein, excavating the layered horizontal connecting roadway 4 along the ore body strike to both sides to the stope boundary. At both ends of the layered horizontal connecting roadway 4, excavating horizontal cutting roadways perpendicular to the ore body strike. Excavating and filling the return air shaft 5 and ore pass 6 in the footwall surrounding rock and connecting them to the segmented horizontal roadway 2. Step 3: During the mining of each layer in the stope, the first backfilling step of the left stope is mined first. After the ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the left stope is completed, backfilling begins. At the same time, the blasting and ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the right stope are carried out simultaneously. After the ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the right stope is completed, backfilling begins. At this time, the backfill body 8 of the first backfilling step of the left stope is cured, and the blasting and ore extraction of the second backfilling step of the left stope are carried out simultaneously... This alternating cycle continues until the entire layered mining is completed. During the mining of the stope, the following is adopted: The horizontal medium-deep hole drilling equipment constructs horizontal medium-deep holes 10 perpendicular to the ore body strike in the layered horizontal connecting roadway 4. Each horizontal medium-deep hole is constructed for one mining and backfilling step distance. The ore is blasted out using the horizontal cutting roadway as the free face and compensation space. The blasted ore 7 is shoveled and loaded into the ore pass 6 by a loader. Then the mining area is backfilled. When backfilling the mining area, a backfilling retaining wall is first erected along the entire length of the ore body strike perpendicular to the goaf. The position of the backfilling retaining wall is a certain distance away from the working face to reserve compensation space 9 for the next mining and backfilling step distance. Then the mining area is backfilled and connected to the roof. Step 4: After the backfilling of this layer is completed, move to the next layer for mining. Top the connecting roadway 3 of this layer to the elevation of the next layer. Repeat steps 2 and 3... and so on until the entire mining area is mined out.
[0017] Example 1: Taking a certain metal mine as an example, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the ore body has an average thickness of 40m, an average dip angle of 78°, and a strike length of 1200m. Using the method of this invention, efficient and safe mining of steeply dipping, thick ore bodies can be achieved through horizontal layered collaborative backfilling.
[0018] Step 1: The middle section of the stope is 60m high, the subsections are 15m high, and the layers are 5m high. The stopes are arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a length of 100m and a width equal to the thickness of the ore body. No pillars are left between adjacent stopes. The stopes are numbered from one end to the other along the strike of the ore body. The stopes are not divided into first and second step stopes for step mining. All stopes in the entire middle section are mined synchronously from bottom to top, layer by layer. The stopes are divided into left and right mining areas along the strike. The blasting and filling are carried out alternately with a 10m backfilling step distance. The odd-numbered stopes are 3 backfilling steps ahead of the even-numbered stopes. That is, when the odd-numbered stopes are mining the ore body at the (n+3)th backfilling step distance of this layer, the even-numbered stopes are mining the ore body at the nth backfilling step distance of this layer. Step 2: Construction of the mining preparation project. Construction of the mining preparation ramp 1 and the segmented horizontal roadway 2 in the footwall of the ore body. At the center of the stope, excavating the layered connecting roadway 3 from the segmented transport roadway to the boundary of the layered ore body footwall. Within the footwall boundary vein, excavating the layered horizontal connecting roadway 4 along the ore body strike to both sides to the stope boundary. At both ends of the layered horizontal connecting roadway 4, excavating horizontal cutting roadways perpendicular to the ore body strike. Excavating and filling the return air shaft 5 and ore pass 6 in the footwall surrounding rock and connecting them to the segmented horizontal roadway 2. Step 3: During the mining of each layer in the stope, the first backfilling step of the left stope is mined first. After the ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the left stope is completed, backfilling begins. At the same time, the blasting and ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the right stope are carried out simultaneously. After the ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the right stope is completed, backfilling begins. At this time, the backfill body 8 of the first backfilling step of the left stope is cured, and the blasting and ore extraction of the second backfilling step of the left stope are carried out simultaneously... This alternating cycle continues until the entire layered mining is completed. During the mining of the stope, horizontal medium-deep hole drilling equipment is used to drill vertically in the horizontal connecting roadway 4 of the layered stope. Horizontal medium-deep boreholes 10 are constructed along the ore body strike. The borehole diameter is 65-76mm, the borehole spacing is 1.2-2m, and the hole spacing is 1.4-2.2m. Each horizontal medium-deep borehole 10 represents one mining and backfilling step. Ore is blasted down using the horizontal cutting roadway as the free face and compensation space. A loader is used to shovel the blasted ore 7 into the ore pass 6. Then, the mining area is backfilled. During backfilling, a backfill retaining wall is first erected along the entire length of the goaf perpendicular to the ore body strike. The backfill retaining wall is positioned 3-4m from the working face, reserving compensation space 9 for the next mining and backfilling step. The mining area is then backfilled and connected to the roof. During backfilling, the main backfilling pipeline enters the reserved compensation space 9 via the backfilling return air shaft 5 and the layered horizontal connecting roadway 4. Multiple backfilling branch pipes are then installed through tees and enter the goaf via pre-reserved holes in the backfill retaining wall to ensure the backfilling of the mining area is connected to the roof. When the stope is filled in layers, the uniaxial compressive strength of the top 0.5-1m of filling material is greater than or equal to 1.5-2MPa after 28 days, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the filling material below the top 0.5-1m is 0.5-1MPa after 28 days.
[0019] Step 4: After the backfilling of this layer is completed, move to the next layer for mining. Top the connecting roadway 3 of this layer to the elevation of the next layer. Repeat steps 2 and 3... and so on until the entire mining area is mined out.
[0020] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A highly efficient and safe mining method for steeply dipping, thick ore bodies using horizontal layered collaborative backfilling, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: The stopes are arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a length of 60-100m and a width equal to the thickness of the ore body. No pillars are left between adjacent stopes. The stopes are numbered from one end to the other along the strike of the ore body. The stopes are not divided into first and second steps; they are mined in stages. All stopes in the entire middle section are mined synchronously from bottom to top, layer by layer. The stopes are divided into left and right mining areas along the strike, with a certain backfilling step distance. L The blasting and filling are carried out alternately. The odd-numbered stopes are 3 mining and filling steps ahead of the even-numbered stopes. That is, when the odd-numbered stopes are mining the (n+3)th mining and filling step of this layer, the even-numbered stopes are mining the nth mining and filling step of this layer. Step 2: Construction of the mining preparation project. Construction of the mining preparation ramp and sub-level roadways in the footwall of the ore body. From the sub-level transport roadway, excavate the layered connecting roadway in the center of the stope to the boundary of the layered ore body footwall. Within the footwall boundary vein, excavate the layered horizontal connecting roadways along the ore body strike to both sides to the stope boundary. At both ends of the layered horizontal connecting roadways, excavate horizontal cutting roadways perpendicular to the ore body strike. Excavate and fill the return air shaft and ore pass in the footwall surrounding rock, connecting them to the sub-level roadways. Step 3: During the mining of each layer in the stope, the first backfilling step of the left stope is mined first. After the ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the left stope is completed, backfilling begins. At the same time, blasting and ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the right stope are carried out simultaneously. After the ore extraction of the first backfilling step of the right stope is completed, backfilling begins. At this time, the backfill body of the first backfilling step of the left stope is cured, and blasting and ore extraction of the second backfilling step of the left stope are carried out simultaneously... This alternating cycle continues until the entire layered mining is completed. During mining, Horizontal medium-deep hole drilling equipment is used to construct horizontal medium-deep holes perpendicular to the ore body strike in the layered horizontal connecting roadway. Each horizontal medium-deep hole is constructed for one mining and backfilling step distance. The ore is blasted out using the horizontal cutting roadway as the free face and compensation space. A loader is used to shovel the blasted ore into the ore pass. Then the goaf is backfilled. When backfilling the goaf, a backfilling retaining wall is first erected along the entire length of the goaf perpendicular to the ore body strike. The position of the backfilling retaining wall is a certain distance from the working face to reserve compensation space for the next mining and backfilling step distance. Then the mining area is backfilled and connected to the roof. Step 4: After the backfilling of this layer is completed, move to the next layer for mining. Press the top of the connecting roadway of this layer to the elevation of the next layer. Repeat steps 2 and 3... and so on until the entire mining area is mined out.
2. The efficient and safe mining method for horizontal layered co-filling of steeply dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the middle section of the mining area is 50-60m, the height of the sub-sections is 12-15m, and the height of the layers is 3-5m.
3. The efficient and safe mining method for horizontal layered co-filling of steeply dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reserved compensation space is 3-4m wide.
4. The efficient and safe mining method for horizontal layered co-filling of steeply dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backfilling step distance L The value is determined comprehensively based on factors such as the engineering geological conditions of the ore and rock, the stress of the original rock, the support technology and parameters of the mining area.
5. The efficient and safe mining method for horizontal layered co-filling of steeply dipping, thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the horizontal medium-deep borehole is 65~76mm, the row spacing of the boreholes is 1.2~2m, and the hole spacing is 1.4~2.2m.
6. The efficient and safe mining method for horizontal layered co-filling of steeply dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the backfilling of the stope, the main backfilling pipeline enters the reserved compensation space through the backfilling return air shaft and the layered horizontal connecting roadway. Then, multiple backfilling branch pipes are set through tees and enter the empty area through the reserved holes in the backfilling retaining wall to ensure that the backfilling of the stope is connected to the roof.
7. The efficient and safe mining method for horizontal layered co-filling of steeply dipping thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the stope is filled in layers, the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the filling material at the top 0.5-1m of the layer is greater than or equal to 1.5-2MPa, and the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the filling material below the top 0.5-1m of the layer is 0.5-1MPa.