Thermodynamic state conversion device, control method, conversion system and coupling system

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal state conversion device, a control method, a conversion system and a coupling system, and the device comprises a state conversion container unit which is internally provided with two conversion spaces with adjustable volumes and is used for accommodating and transferring a working fluid; the fluid control unit is used for controlling inflow and / or outflow of the working fluid of the corresponding conversion space; the energy exchange unit is coupled between the two conversion spaces and is used for performing energy exchange on the working fluid when the working fluid is transferred between the conversion spaces; and the system control unit is configured to cooperatively control the volume change of the state conversion container unit, the opening and closing of the fluid control unit and the energy exchange process of the energy exchange unit, so that the preset thermal state parameter change is realized when the working fluid is transferred between the conversion spaces. A continuous isovolumetric process is discretized into a plurality of controllable unit processes, and a direct thermal coupling technology is adopted, so that high-efficiency operation of approximate ideal Stirling cycle is realized under an open cycle frame.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermodynamic energy conversion technology, and particularly relates to a thermodynamic state conversion device, control method, conversion system and coupling system, which is based on open thermodynamic state conversion of discrete thermodynamic process control and direct thermal coupling. Background Technology

[0002] The Stirling cycle, as an ideal thermodynamic cycle, theoretically achieves an efficiency approaching that of the Carnot cycle within the same temperature range. The core characteristic of the Stirling cycle lies in its inclusion of two isothermal processes and two isochoric regenerative processes. The isochoric regenerative processes aim to utilize heat transfer within the system, reusing the heat released during cooling for heating, thereby significantly reducing the heat supplied by external heat sources and the heat dissipated by external cold sources. This is the theoretical basis for its high efficiency.

[0003] However, in practical applications, traditional Stirling engines employ a closed-loop structure, utilizing a single piston-cylinder mechanism and a regenerator to achieve the circulation process. This classic structure faces fundamental technical bottlenecks when attempting to scale up. First, in large-scale installations, the working fluid undergoes isochoric heat absorption and release within a massive regenerator, leading to a sharp increase in flow resistance and thermal inertia. This causes the actual process to deviate significantly from the ideal isochoric process, resulting in substantial pressure losses and heat transfer hysteresis, greatly impairing cycle efficiency. Second, the regenerator itself, as a regenerative heat exchanger, essentially stores heat temporarily in solid packing before releasing it. This inherently introduces incomplete heat transfer and temporal asynchrony, further introducing irreversible losses, making the actual efficiency far lower than the theoretical value.

[0004] Furthermore, the closed-loop structure tightly encloses the system, and its power density is closely related to the charge pressure of the working fluid. Under large-scale power output demands, the complexity and cost of the system's pressure-bearing structure become prohibitive, hindering its development towards megawatt-level and above scales. To overcome this limitation, the industry began exploring open-loop pathways. However, conventional open-loop systems lack an effective mechanism to achieve the precisely time-matched isochoric heating and isochoric heat release processes necessary for the Stirling cycle, thus failing to inherit its high efficiency advantage.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new thermodynamic system architecture and method that can break free from the structural constraints of the traditional closed Stirling cycle. In particular, it is necessary to solve the two core problems of how to achieve a controllable isochoric process in an open system and how to achieve the regenerative effect efficiently and with low loss, so as to pave a feasible path for the large-scale application of high-efficiency thermodynamic cycles. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a thermodynamic state conversion device, control method, conversion system and coupling system to solve the problems of how to realize a controllable isochoric process in an open system and how to achieve the regenerative effect efficiently and with low loss.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermodynamic state conversion device, comprising: A state transition container unit, which has an internal transition space for containing and transferring working fluid; A fluid control unit, connected to the state transition container unit, is used to control the inflow and / or outflow of working fluid into and / or out of the state transition container unit; An energy exchange unit, thermally coupled to the state transition container unit, is used to absorb energy from the working fluid or release energy to the working fluid when the working fluid is placed and transferred within the state transition container unit. The system control unit is configured to coordinately control the state changes of the state transition container unit in terms of the containment and transfer of the working fluid, the opening and closing of the fluid control unit, and the energy exchange process of the energy exchange unit, so that the working fluid achieves preset thermodynamic state parameter changes when it is contained and transferred in the state transition container unit.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a thermodynamic state transition control method, implemented in a thermodynamic state transition device as described above, comprising: Increase the volume of the first transition space in the state transition container unit, and draw in working fluid through the first check valve in the fluid control unit; The volume of the first conversion space is reduced, and the volume of the second conversion space in the state conversion container unit is increased, so that the working fluid is transferred from the first conversion space to the second conversion space; During the transfer process, the energy exchange unit is used to exchange energy with the working fluid; The volume of the second conversion space is reduced, and the working fluid that has completed the thermodynamic state conversion is discharged through the second check valve in the fluid control unit.

[0009] Thirdly, the present invention provides a thermodynamic state conversion system, comprising: At least two thermodynamic state conversion devices as described above are arranged in a non-synchronous parallel configuration. A centralized system control module or multiple system control units configured to communicate with each other; The centralized system control module or multiple system control units are configured to control each of the thermodynamic state conversion devices to operate in an alternating sequence. The working cycles of the multiple thermodynamic state conversion devices are arranged alternately on the time axis, so that the inflow, energy exchange and outflow stages of the working fluid of each thermodynamic state conversion device at least partially overlap, so that at least two of the thermodynamic state conversion systems as a whole present a continuous or quasi-continuous effect on the inflow and outflow of the working fluid.

[0010] Fourthly, the present invention provides a thermodynamic state transition coupling system, comprising: As described in the first aspect, a thermodynamic state conversion device, as a first conversion device for pressurizing and heating a working fluid, includes a first energy exchange unit. A thermodynamic state conversion device as described in the first aspect, as a second conversion device for depressurizing and cooling a working fluid, includes a second energy exchange unit. Wherein, the first energy exchange unit and the second energy exchange unit are thermally coupled, such that the heat absorption process of the working fluid in the first conversion device is at least partially realized by the heat source released by the cooling process of the working fluid in the second conversion device, and / or the cooling process of the working fluid in the second conversion device is at least partially realized by the cold source formed by the heat absorption process of the working fluid in the first conversion device.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention decomposes the theoretically continuous isochoric heating process into a series of sequentially executed, discrete isochoric heating unit processes, based on the concept of integration; similarly, it differentiates the continuous isochoric heat release process into a series of discrete isochoric heat release unit processes, based on the concept of differentiation; by discretizing the continuous isochoric process into multiple controllable unit processes and employing direct thermal coupling technology, it achieves efficient operation of an approximately ideal Stirling cycle within an open-loop framework. 2. Each discrete isochoric heating unit process is directly thermally coupled to a discrete isochoric heat release unit process that is synchronized in time through an energy exchange unit, so that the heat released by the isochoric heat release process can be used immediately and directly for the corresponding isochoric heating process, thus reconstructing the regenerative process of the Stirling cycle at the system level.

[0012] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the following drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermodynamic state conversion device in this embodiment 1 under time sequence.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a thermodynamic state transition coupling system in Embodiment 4. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0018] In the description of this invention, when a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, an intermediary device may or may not be present between the specific device and the first or second device. When a specific device is described as being connected to other devices, the specific device may be directly connected to the other devices without an intermediary device, or it may not be directly connected to the other devices but may have an intermediary device.

[0019] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0020] Example 1: refer to Figure 1 This embodiment 1 provides a thermodynamic state conversion device, comprising: The state transition container unit 10 has an internal transition space for containing and transferring working fluid. As a physical space, the volume of the transition space can be precisely adjusted to realize the containment and transfer of working fluid. The fluid control unit, connected to the state transition container unit 10, is used to control the inflow and / or outflow of the working fluid into the state transition container unit 10; the fluid control unit is mainly used to ensure the unidirectional flow of the working fluid, which is the basis for implementing open circulation; The energy exchange unit 30 is thermally coupled to the state transition container unit 10 and is used to absorb energy from or release energy to the working fluid when the working fluid is placed and transferred within the state transition container unit 10. The energy exchange unit 30 is equipped with a forced heat exchange mechanism in the placement space or transfer path of the working fluid, so that the working fluid completes energy exchange within the transition container unit. The system control unit is configured to coordinate the state changes of the state transition container unit 10 in terms of the containment and transfer of the working fluid, the opening and closing of the fluid control unit, and the energy exchange process of the energy exchange unit 30, so that the working fluid achieves preset thermodynamic state parameter changes when it is contained and transferred in the state transition container unit 10. Through coordinated control, the system control unit executes precise timing logic to control the volume change of the state transition container unit 10, the opening and closing of the valves of the fluid control unit, and the heat absorption and release process of the energy exchange unit 30.

[0021] It should be noted that, under the control of the fluid control unit, the working fluid can flow into the conversion space and exchange heat with the energy exchange unit 30 in the conversion space, and then flow out of the conversion space. The working fluid completes three controllable sub-processes of containment, transfer and energy exchange in the state conversion container unit 10, which constitutes a basic module of the thermodynamic open circulation system. In the open circulation system, the near isochoric thermodynamic process that could only be achieved in the past by the closed circulation is realized.

[0022] Preferably, when the working fluid exchanges heat with the energy exchange unit 30 in the conversion space, the space occupied by the working fluid remains unchanged. The working fluid is discharged from the conversion space only after the preset heat exchange process is completed. The preset heat exchange process is defined by preset changes in thermodynamic state parameters, such as the required temperature and pressure of the working fluid, the time required for heat exchange with the energy exchange unit 30, or, for example, the parameter relationship between the thermodynamic state parameters of the previous working fluid and the thermodynamic state parameters of the next working fluid when multiple thermodynamic state conversion devices exist. For example, the temperature of the next working fluid is 10°C higher than the temperature of the previous working fluid.

[0023] In one implementation, the state transition container unit 10 has only one transition space inside. The energy exchange unit 30 is thermally coupled to the single transition space. When working fluid needs to be input, the state transition container unit 10 is controlled to increase the volume of the transition space so that the entire transition space is filled with working fluid. Then, the energy exchange unit 30 is used to exchange heat with it. After the heat exchange process is completed, the state transition container unit 10 is controlled to decrease the volume of the transition space and discharge the working fluid, thus completing the thermodynamic state transition of a single process.

[0024] As another implementation, the state transition container unit 10 has two or more adjustable transition spaces inside, and the working fluid can be transferred between the two or more transition spaces; The fluid control unit is connected to two or more conversion spaces respectively; The energy exchange unit 30 is coupled between two or more conversion spaces.

[0025] In this embodiment, two or more conversion spaces are used to form the state conversion container unit 10. When the working fluid is inside the conversion space, no heat exchange occurs. Only when the working fluid is transferred from one conversion space to another does it exchange heat with the energy exchange unit 30.

[0026] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the volume change of the conversion space and the energy exchange of the working fluid are decoupled, and the energy exchange is limited to the brief window period during which the working fluid moves from one conversion space to another. The fundamental purpose of this is to ensure the controllability of the energy exchange process. When the working fluid is inside the conversion space, the piston used to adjust the volume change changes through its reciprocating motion to draw in or discharge the fluid. At this time, no heat exchange occurs, avoiding uncontrollable disturbances to the working fluid state caused by heat input or output, thereby ensuring the stability of the intake and discharge processes.

[0027] Preferably, during the transfer process, the system control unit precisely controls the piston movement of the two conversion spaces, so that the volume of working fluid flowing out of the first conversion space is equal to the volume of working fluid flowing into the second conversion space. This macroscopically achieves the goal of maintaining a fixed volume of working fluid during the transfer process, i.e., the heat exchange process, and maximizes the simulation of the key isochoric heat absorption and / or isochoric heat release processes in the Stirling cycle.

[0028] Optionally, the thermodynamic state parameters change to an increase in pressure and temperature, and the energy exchange unit 30 heats the working fluid.

[0029] Optionally, the thermodynamic state parameters change to a decrease in pressure and a decrease in temperature, and the energy exchange unit 30 cools the working fluid.

[0030] In some possible embodiments, the state transition container unit 10 includes a first transition space 11, an energy exchange cavity 13, and a second transition space 12; The first conversion space 11 is connected to the fluid to be converted and the energy exchange chamber 13 through a flow channel. The energy exchange chamber 13 is connected to the first conversion space 11 and the second conversion space 12 through a flow channel. The second conversion space 12 is connected to the energy exchange chamber 13 and the converted fluid through a flow channel. The energy exchange chamber 13 is coupled with the energy exchange unit 30 through non-material heat exchange; The system control unit is configured to independently control the volume of the first conversion space 11 and the second conversion space 12 to drive the working fluid to flow into the first conversion space 11, transfer from the first conversion space 11 through the energy exchange chamber 13 to the second conversion space 12, and flow out of the second conversion space 12.

[0031] The fluid to be converted flows into the first conversion space 11 through the flow channel. After flowing into a certain volume, the first conversion space 11 controls the working fluid in its cavity to enter the energy exchange chamber 13 through the flow channel. In the energy exchange chamber 13, it undergoes energy exchange. The converted fluid that has completed heat exchange is then input into the second conversion space 12 through the flow channel. Finally, the converted fluid is discharged from the second conversion space 12.

[0032] Preferably, the fluid control unit includes a first check thermostatic valve 21 and a second check thermostatic valve 22; The first check valve 21 is connected to the first conversion space 11 and is configured to control the unidirectional flow of external working fluid into the first conversion space 11; The second check valve 22 is connected to the second conversion space 12 and is configured to control the unidirectional outflow of the working fluid in the second conversion space 12; The first check valve 21 and the second check valve 22 are both controlled in coordination by the system control unit.

[0033] Preferably, a first hot-press piston 14 is provided in the first conversion space 11, and a second hot-press piston 15 is provided in the second conversion space 12; The system control unit controls the displacement of the first hot-pressing piston 14 and the second hot-pressing piston 15 within the conversion space through the drive mechanism.

[0034] It should be noted that by utilizing the three chambers—the first conversion space 11, the energy exchange chamber 13, and the second conversion space 12—precise transfer and energy exchange of the working fluid are achieved. Firstly, spatial isolation and sequential operation are achieved, distributing the three functions of intake, energy exchange, and discharge to three different chambers. A piston drives changes in the volume of the first and second conversion spaces 11 and 12, controlling the intake and discharge of the working fluid through these volume changes. When the working fluid moves between the two conversion spaces, it passes through the energy exchange chamber 13, a fixed heat exchange area responsible for energy exchange with the energy exchange unit 30. It can be seen that the specially designed energy exchange chamber 13 is responsible for energy exchange, making the energy exchange process more adjustable and controllable, and without involving any state interference with the first and second conversion spaces 11 and 12.

[0035] Preferably, the system control unit is configured to synchronize the volume changes of the first conversion space 11 and the second conversion space 12 when the working fluid is transferred via the energy exchange chamber 13, so as to achieve equal volume transfer.

[0036] When the first thermostatic piston 14 pushes the working fluid in the first conversion space 11 into the energy exchange chamber 13, the second thermostatic piston 15 simultaneously moves in an extended posture within the second conversion space 12 to accommodate the working fluid entering the second conversion space 12 from the energy exchange chamber 13. The volume changes of the first conversion space 11 and the second conversion space 12 are synchronized, ideally achieving isochoric transfer of fluid from one space to another. During this transfer process, the fluid flows through the energy exchange chamber 13 and undergoes sufficient heat transfer with the energy exchange unit 30.

[0037] Example 2: This embodiment 2 provides a thermodynamic state transition control method, implemented in a thermodynamic state transition device as described in the above embodiments, including: Increase the volume of the first transition space 11 in the state transition container unit 10, and draw in working fluid through the first check valve 21 in the fluid control unit; increase the volume of the first transition space 11 to draw in working fluid; The volume of the first conversion space 11 is reduced, and the volume of the second conversion space 12 in the state conversion container unit 10 is increased, so that the working fluid is transferred from the first conversion space 11 to the second conversion space 12; by changing the volume of the two spaces, the transfer of the working fluid is realized. During the transfer process, the energy exchange unit 30 is used to exchange energy with the working fluid; this energy exchange process can be to heat or cool the working fluid. The volume of the second conversion space 12 is reduced, and the working fluid that has completed the thermodynamic state conversion is discharged through the second check thermostatic valve 22 in the fluid control unit.

[0038] As one implementation method, during the transfer process, the volume change actions of the first conversion space 11 and the second conversion space 12 are performed simultaneously, so that the working fluid is transferred from the first conversion space 11 to the second conversion space 12 in equal quantities, thereby achieving equal volume transfer.

[0039] Example 3: This embodiment 3 provides a thermodynamic state transition system, including: At least two thermodynamic state conversion devices as described in Example 1 are arranged in a non-synchronous parallel manner; the working fluid flowing out of the previous thermodynamic state conversion device is used as the inflow working fluid of the next thermodynamic state conversion device. A centralized system control module or multiple system control units configured to communicate with each other; A centralized system control module or multiple system control units are configured to control each thermodynamic state conversion device to operate in an alternating sequence. The working cycles of the multiple thermodynamic state conversion devices are arranged alternately on the time axis, so that the inflow, energy exchange and outflow stages of the working fluid of each thermodynamic state conversion device have at least partial overlap, so that at least two thermodynamic state conversion systems as a whole present a continuous or quasi-continuous effect on the inflow and outflow of the working fluid.

[0040] Since the operation of a single device is intermittent, the inflow and outflow of the working fluid are pulsed, which cannot meet the requirements for continuous flow. Therefore, this embodiment adopts an integral approach, discretizing a continuous process into multiple sub-processes. Each thermodynamic state conversion device corresponds to one sub-process, and the working fluid passes through at least two thermodynamic state conversion devices from front to back. In each thermodynamic state conversion device, the corresponding heat exchange process is completed. Finally, at least two thermodynamic state conversion devices take turns to complete the set thermodynamic state conversion, so as to achieve continuous or quasi-continuous processing of the working fluid.

[0041] In one implementation, the time interval between the start of operation of two adjacent thermodynamic state conversion devices is equal to one complete working cycle divided by the total number of thermodynamic state conversion devices.

[0042] In order to achieve a theoretically perfect flow superposition and obtain the smoothest continuous flow at the outlet and inlet of the thermodynamic state conversion system, this embodiment divides a complete working cycle equally on the time axis. Each thermodynamic state conversion device works in tandem like gears, starting up and processing sequentially.

[0043] As one implementation method, a centralized system control module or multiple system control units are configured to monitor the operating status parameters of each thermodynamic state conversion device in real time. Based on the deviation between the operating state parameters and the preset state parameters, determine the timing sequence of one or more target thermodynamic state transition devices that need to be adjusted; The operating phase of the target thermodynamic state conversion device is dynamically adjusted to maintain the continuous or quasi-continuous inflow and outflow of the working fluid.

[0044] It should be noted that, in order to cope with the unavoidable disturbances and deviations during actual operation, the fixed phase difference strategy may drift due to mechanical wear of the device, load changes, or slight differences in fluid properties, leading to flow overlap failure or momentary flow interruption. Therefore, this implementation adopts closed-loop feedback control. By monitoring the operating status parameters of each thermodynamic state conversion device, the target thermodynamic state conversion device with deviation is identified. By controlling its timing, heat exchange degree, etc., the operating phase is adjusted, so that the entire integral thermodynamic state conversion system has a strong self-correction capability and can maintain the continuous flow effect expected in the design for a long time.

[0045] As one implementation method, multiple thermodynamic state conversion devices are arranged in sequence; The start time of the working fluid outflow phase of the previous thermodynamic state transition device overlaps with the end time of the working fluid transfer phase of the next thermodynamic state transition device on the time axis, creating a seamless "flow safety zone" in the time sequence. In other words, as the working fluid transfer phase of the next thermodynamic state transition device is about to end, the working fluid outflow phase of the previous thermodynamic state transition device is about to begin. This ensures that when the next thermodynamic state transition device needs working fluid inflow, the previous thermodynamic state transition device can provide it, avoiding potential instantaneous flow interruptions due to valve action delays or control timing errors, thus achieving truly uninterrupted quasi-continuous flow.

[0046] Example 4: refer to Figure 2 This embodiment 4 provides a thermodynamic state transition coupling system, including: A thermodynamic state conversion device that changes thermodynamic state parameters to increase pressure and temperature, as a first conversion device 100 for pressurizing and heating the working fluid, includes a first energy exchange unit 30; the first energy exchange unit 30 needs to absorb heat from the outside to pressurize and heat the working fluid in the first conversion device 100. A thermodynamic state conversion device that changes thermodynamic state parameters to a decrease in pressure and a decrease in temperature, serving as a second conversion device 200 for depressurizing and cooling the working fluid, includes a second energy exchange unit 30; the second energy exchange unit 30 needs to release heat to the outside so that the working fluid in the second conversion device 200 can achieve depressurization and cooling. The first energy exchange unit 30 and the second energy exchange unit 30 are thermally coupled, such that the heat absorption process of the working fluid in the first conversion device 100 is at least partially realized by the heat source released by the cooling process of the working fluid in the second conversion device 200, and / or the cooling process of the working fluid in the second conversion device 200 is at least partially realized by the cold source formed by the heat absorption process of the working fluid in the first conversion device 100.

[0047] Since the regenerator in the traditional Stirling cycle is inefficient, this embodiment directly thermally couples the first energy exchange unit 30 and the second energy exchange unit 30, so that the heat released by the cooling system can be directly used to heat the hot pressing system, thus achieving efficient internal energy recovery.

[0048] In one implementation, the first energy exchange unit 30 and the second energy exchange unit 30 constitute an integrated heat exchanger 300. The integrated heat exchanger 300 is provided with an internal flow channel for heat exchange but not mixing between the working fluid in the first conversion device 100 and the working fluid in the second conversion device 200. The integrated heat exchanger 300 is used to achieve thermal coupling between the first conversion device 100 and the second conversion device 200.

[0049] By coupling the first energy exchange unit 30 and the second energy exchange unit 30 with an integrated heat exchanger 300, the overall equipment space is further reduced and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

[0050] In one implementation, in order to achieve coordinated operation of the two conversion devices in terms of both timing and thermal capacity, the first conversion device 100 and the second conversion device 200 are configured to use the same working cycle in this implementation. Furthermore, the total volume of the first state transition container unit 10 in the first conversion device 100 and the total volume of the second state transition container unit 10 in the second conversion device 200 satisfy a set volume ratio relationship; The volume ratio is configured to be determined based on preset state parameters of the fluid to be pressurized and the fluid already pressurized flowing through the first conversion device 100, and the state parameters of the fluid to be cooled and the fluid already cooled flowing through the second conversion device 200, so that the thermal coupling maintains a preset stable state in the same working cycle.

[0051] This is the core of defining a thermodynamic state transition coupling system. To ensure that the two conversion devices achieve stable thermal equilibrium within the same cycle, the total volume ratio of the container units on both sides must be precisely designed based on the state parameters of the fluids flowing through them (such as flow rate, density, specific heat capacity, etc.). This ensures that within one working cycle, the heat released on one side is exactly matched with the heat required on the other side. This parameter-based systematic design method is crucial for ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the coupling system.

[0052] Preferably, the thermal coupling maintains a preset stable state where, during the same working cycle, the heat load required for pressurization and heating of the working fluid in the first conversion device 100 and the cold load required for depressurization and cooling of the working fluid in the second conversion device 200 tend to be balanced. In this mode, the core of the system design is to ensure that the total cooling capacity released by the working fluid on the cooling side (second conversion device 200) during isochoric depressurization and cooling is exactly equal to the total heat absorbed by the working fluid on the hot-pressing side (first conversion device 100) during isochoric pressurization and heating. When the heat load and cold load reach equilibrium, the integrated heat exchanger 300 connecting the two conversion devices becomes a near-perfect internal energy exchanger, and the heat released on the cooling side is fully utilized by the hot-pressing side.

[0053] Preferably, the thermal coupling maintains a preset stable state where, within the same working cycle, the mass flow rate of the working fluid in the first conversion device 100 is the same as that in the second conversion device 200. In this mode, the core of the system design is to ensure that, within the same working cycle, the mass of the working fluid flowing into the hot-pressing side is exactly the same as the mass of the working fluid flowing out of the cooling side. This means that after the working fluid flows through the entire coupling system, there is neither accumulation nor shortage; the identical mass flow rate ensures that the system exhibits a strictly "steady-state flow" in terms of material flow, making it suitable for applications requiring high continuity and stability in the working fluid delivery process.

[0054] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above embodiments have at least the following technical advantages: 1. This invention decomposes the theoretically continuous isochoric heating process into a series of sequentially executed, discrete isochoric heating unit processes, based on the concept of integration; similarly, it differentiates the continuous isochoric heat release process into a series of discrete isochoric heat release unit processes, based on the concept of differentiation; by discretizing the continuous isochoric process into multiple controllable unit processes and employing direct thermal coupling technology, it achieves efficient operation of an approximately ideal Stirling cycle within an open-loop framework. 2. Each discrete isochoric heating unit process is directly thermally coupled to a discrete isochoric heat release unit process that is synchronized in time through the energy exchange unit 30, so that the heat released by the isochoric heat release process can be used immediately and directly for the corresponding isochoric heating process, thus reconstructing the regenerative process of the Stirling cycle at the system level.

[0055] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermodynamic state conversion device, characterized in that, include: A state transition container unit, which has an internal transition space for containing and transferring working fluid; A fluid control unit, connected to the state transition container unit, is used to control the inflow and / or outflow of working fluid into and / or out of the state transition container unit; An energy exchange unit, thermally coupled to the state transition container unit, is used to absorb energy from the working fluid or release energy to the working fluid when the working fluid is placed and transferred within the state transition container unit. The system control unit is configured to coordinately control the state changes of the state transition container unit in terms of the containment and transfer of the working fluid, the opening and closing of the fluid control unit, and the energy exchange process of the energy exchange unit, so that the working fluid achieves preset thermodynamic state parameter changes when it is contained and transferred in the state transition container unit.

2. The thermodynamic state conversion device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The state transition container unit has two or more adjustable-volume transition spaces inside, and the working fluid can be transferred between the two or more transition spaces; The fluid control unit is connected to two or more of the conversion spaces; The energy exchange unit is coupled between two or more of the conversion spaces.

3. The thermodynamic state conversion device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thermodynamic state parameters change as pressure and temperature increase, and the energy exchange unit heats the working fluid.

4. The thermodynamic state conversion device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The changes in the thermodynamic state parameters are a decrease in pressure and a decrease in temperature, and the energy exchange unit cools the working fluid.

5. A thermodynamic state conversion device as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The state transition container unit includes a first transition space, an energy exchange cavity, and a second transition space; The first conversion space is connected to the fluid to be converted and the energy exchange chamber through a flow channel. The energy exchange chamber is connected to the first conversion space and the second conversion space through a flow channel. The second conversion space is connected to the energy exchange chamber and the converted fluid through a flow channel. The energy exchange cavity is coupled to the energy exchange unit via non-material exchange of heat. The system control unit is configured to independently control the volume of the first conversion space and the second conversion space to drive the working fluid to flow into the first conversion space, transfer from the first conversion space through the energy exchange chamber to the second conversion space, and flow out of the second conversion space.

6. The thermodynamic state conversion device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The fluid control unit includes a first check thermostatic valve and a second check thermostatic valve. The first check valve is connected to the first conversion space and is configured to control the unidirectional flow of external working fluid into the first conversion space; The second check valve is connected to the second conversion space and configured to control the unidirectional outflow of working fluid within the second conversion space.

7. The thermodynamic state conversion device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first conversion space is provided with a first hot-press piston, and the second conversion space is provided with a second hot-press piston; The system control unit controls the displacement of the first and second hot-pressing pistons within the conversion space via a drive mechanism.

8. The thermodynamic state conversion device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The system control unit is configured to synchronize the volume changes of the first conversion space and the second conversion space when the working fluid is transferred through the energy exchange chamber, thereby achieving equal-volume transfer.

9. A thermodynamic state transition control method, implemented in a thermodynamic state transition device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: Increase the volume of the first transition space in the state transition container unit, and draw in working fluid through the first check valve in the fluid control unit; The volume of the first conversion space is reduced, and the volume of the second conversion space in the state conversion container unit is increased, so that the working fluid is transferred from the first conversion space to the second conversion space; During the transfer process, the energy exchange unit is used to exchange energy with the working fluid; The volume of the second conversion space is reduced, and the working fluid that has completed the thermodynamic state conversion is discharged through the second check valve in the fluid control unit.

10. The thermodynamic state transition control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, During the transfer process, the volume change actions of the first conversion space and the second conversion space are performed simultaneously, so that the working fluid is transferred from the first conversion space to the second conversion space at the same volume.

11. A thermodynamic state transition system, characterized in that, include: At least two thermodynamic state conversion devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are arranged in a non-synchronous parallel configuration; A centralized system control module or multiple system control units configured to communicate with each other; The centralized system control module or multiple system control units are configured to control each of the thermodynamic state conversion devices to operate in an alternating sequence. The working cycles of the multiple thermodynamic state conversion devices are arranged alternately on the time axis, so that the inflow, energy exchange and outflow stages of the working fluid of each thermodynamic state conversion device at least partially overlap, so that at least two of the thermodynamic state conversion systems as a whole present a continuous or quasi-continuous effect on the inflow and outflow of the working fluid.

12. The thermodynamic state conversion system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The time interval between the start of operation of two adjacent thermodynamic state conversion devices is equal to one complete working cycle divided by the total number of thermodynamic state conversion devices.

13. The thermodynamic state conversion system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The centralized system control module or multiple system control units are configured to monitor the operating status parameters of each of the thermodynamic state conversion devices in real time. Based on the deviation between the operating state parameters and the preset state parameters, the timing of one or more target thermodynamic state transition devices that need to be adjusted is determined; The operating phase of the target thermodynamic state conversion device is dynamically adjusted to maintain the continuous or quasi-continuous inflow and outflow of the working fluid.

14. A thermodynamic state conversion system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, Arrange the multiple thermodynamic state conversion devices in order; The start time of the working fluid outflow stage of the previous thermodynamic state conversion device overlaps with the end time of the working fluid transfer stage of the next thermodynamic state conversion device on the time axis.

15. A thermodynamic state transition coupling system, characterized in that, include: The thermodynamic state conversion device as described in claim 3, as a first conversion device for pressurizing and heating the working fluid, includes a first energy exchange unit; The thermodynamic state conversion device as described in claim 4, as a second conversion device for depressurizing and cooling the working fluid, includes a second energy exchange unit; Wherein, the first energy exchange unit and the second energy exchange unit are thermally coupled, such that the heat absorption process of the working fluid in the first conversion device is at least partially realized by the heat source released by the cooling process of the working fluid in the second conversion device, and / or the cooling process of the working fluid in the second conversion device is at least partially realized by the cold source formed by the heat absorption process of the working fluid in the first conversion device.

16. The thermodynamic state transition coupling system as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The first energy exchange unit and the second energy exchange unit constitute an integrated heat exchanger. The integrated heat exchanger is provided with an internal flow channel for heat exchange between the working fluid in the first conversion device and the working fluid in the second conversion device, but without mixing. The integrated heat exchanger is used to achieve thermal coupling between the first conversion device and the second conversion device.

17. A thermodynamic state transition coupling system as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The first conversion device and the second conversion device are configured to use the same working cycle; The total volume of the first state transition container unit in the first conversion device and the total volume of the second state transition container unit in the second conversion device satisfy a set volume ratio relationship; The set volume ratio is configured to be determined based on preset state parameters of the fluid to be pressurized and the pressurized fluid flowing through the first conversion device, and the state parameters of the fluid to be cooled and the cooled fluid flowing through the second conversion device, so that the thermal coupling maintains a preset stable state in the same working cycle.

18. A thermodynamic state transition coupling system as described in claim 17, characterized in that, The thermal coupling maintains a preset stable state where, during the same working cycle, the heat load required for the working fluid in the first conversion device to increase pressure and temperature and the cold load required for the working fluid in the second conversion device to decrease pressure and temperature tend to be balanced.

19. A thermodynamic state transition coupling system as described in claim 17, characterized in that, The thermal coupling maintains a preset stable state where, during the same working cycle, the mass flow rate of the working fluid in the first conversion device is the same as that in the second conversion device.

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