A method and system for multi-level dynamic monitoring of slope deformation and instability

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-level dynamic monitoring method and system for slope deformation and instability, relating to the field of slope monitoring technology. It includes defining the degree of continuity of the medium under the slope according to the geological information of the medium, marking the degree of continuity at corresponding locations under the slope, and dividing the slope into different regional types. This standardizes the slope geological conditions and provides a reliable foundation for the subsequent construction of regional models. Setting target scales for different regional types at different locations under the slope improves the adaptability of different regional models and balances timeliness and computational accuracy. Analyzing the acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each part of the slope, a FLAC-PFC model is established to monitor slope deformation and instability. Targeted acoustic emission characteristic rules are set, establishing a slope model that takes into account both geological description and acoustic emission characteristics, improving the reliability and adaptability of slope deformation and instability monitoring, and ensuring the stability of slope deformation monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope monitoring technology, and in particular to a multi-level dynamic monitoring method and system for slope deformation and instability. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in infrastructure construction in mountainous and hilly areas, slope stability issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional monitoring methods rely on manual measurement, which has limitations such as long cycles, low accuracy, and incomplete data acquisition, making it difficult to meet the real-time and high-precision requirements of modern engineering. Modern monitoring technologies are gradually evolving towards automation and intelligence. The application of technologies such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), fiber optic sensing, and UAV aerial surveying has enabled slope monitoring to enter a stage of multi-source data fusion and high-precision real-time monitoring. By constructing an integrated "air-space-ground" monitoring system, dynamic tracking of multiple parameters and scales such as slope deformation, displacement, and stress can be achieved, providing a scientific basis for early warning and forecasting, engineering design optimization, and disaster emergency response, significantly improving slope engineering safety and reducing the risk of geological disasters.

[0003] In existing technologies, slope monitoring is often carried out solely through acoustic emission signals, without taking into account the differences in acoustic emission signal responses in different slope areas. This results in poor adaptability and accuracy of slope deformation and instability monitoring, and fails to guarantee slope monitoring stability.

[0004] Therefore, improving the adaptability and accuracy of slope deformation and instability monitoring is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem of poor adaptability and accuracy in slope deformation and instability monitoring in existing technologies due to the failure to consider the differences in acoustic emission signal responses in different slope areas. Therefore, this invention proposes a multi-level dynamic monitoring method for slope deformation and instability, comprising:

[0006] Obtain the geological information of the medium under the slope engineering, define the degree of continuity of the medium under the slope according to the geological information of the medium, mark the degree of continuity of the medium at the corresponding location under the slope, and divide the area types of different locations under the slope.

[0007] Set target scales for different regions at different locations on the slope, and build partial regional models of each region type of slope using the target scales;

[0008] Acoustic emission signals were collected from previous slope engineering projects before and after multiple deformations. Acoustic emission features were extracted and matched with certain areas of the slope. The acoustic emission feature rules corresponding to each area of ​​the slope were analyzed.

[0009] A FLAC-PFC model was established by combining the regional models of all slopes and acoustic emission characteristic rules to monitor slope deformation and instability.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the degree of media continuity under the slope is defined according to the geological information of the media, including...

[0011] The geological information of the medium includes the topographic structure information, medium information and geographical location information of the slope, and the continuity parameters are extracted from the topographic structure information and medium information;

[0012] The size of the first grid is determined based on the topographic structure information and the medium information. The first grid and the geographical location information are used to perform initial gridding of all areas of the slope. The medium type and geographical location in each first grid are marked. The first grid is divided into homogeneous grids and heterogeneous grids. Homogeneous grids are first grids with only one medium, and heterogeneous grids are first grids with two or more media.

[0013] For homogeneous grids, adjacent homogeneous grids of the same medium type are merged, and the mean value of the continuity parameter under the merged homogeneous grid is calculated. The medium continuity degree of the homogeneous grid is determined by combining the mean values ​​of all continuity parameters.

[0014] For heterogeneous meshes, the heterogeneous meshes are further meshed according to the boundaries of different media to obtain multiple second meshes. Homogeneous meshes that are adjacent in position and of the same media type are merged. The mean value of the continuity parameter under the merged second mesh is calculated, and the degree of media continuity under each medium and the difference of continuity parameter between different media are calculated.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the degree of continuity of the medium is marked at corresponding locations below the slope, and different area types are defined at different locations below the slope, including...

[0016] Region types include continuous regions, discontinuous regions, and transitional regions;

[0017] The continuity of the medium is marked on the first and second grids corresponding to the slope. The continuous, discontinuous, and transitional regions on the first and second grids are determined according to the medium type, the interval of the difference in continuity parameters between different media, and the interval of the continuity of the medium.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, target scales are set for different regional types at different locations on the slope. A partial regional model of each regional type of slope is established using these target scales, including...

[0019] The slope partial model corresponding to the continuous region is the FLAC model, the slope partial model corresponding to the discontinuous region is the PFC model, and the slope partial model corresponding to the transition region is the FLAC-PFC transition coupling model.

[0020] For continuous regions, identify the medium type and deformation mode within the region, and determine the target scale of the continuous region based on the medium type, deformation mode, and degree of medium continuity.

[0021] For discontinuous regions, the block-scale distribution range, stress concentration factor, and failure mode under the region are identified, and the target scale of the discontinuous region is determined based on the block-scale distribution range, stress concentration factor, and failure mode.

[0022] For the transition region, the deformation gradient, stress transmission path length and multi-field coupling effect under the region are identified, and the initial target scale is determined based on the deformation gradient, stress transmission path length and multi-field coupling effect. The target scale interval is formed by statistically analyzing the target scales of the regions on both sides of the transition region.

[0023] If the initial target scale is within the target scale range, then the initial target scale will be used as the target scale for the transition region.

[0024] Otherwise, the target scale of the transition region is determined based on the distance between the initial target scale and the target scale interval;

[0025] The FLAC model, PFC model, and FLAC-PFC transition coupling model are established using the target scales of the continuous region, discontinuous region, and transition region, respectively.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, acoustic emission features are extracted and matched with portions of the slope, including...

[0027] The acoustic emission signal is denoised by filtering and wavelet thresholding to retain the effective acoustic emission signal. The time domain features, frequency domain features, and time-frequency domain features in the effective acoustic emission signal are extracted. The detection position is determined by triangulation or time difference positioning. The detection position error is corrected by combining the slope partial area model. The time domain features, frequency domain features, and time-frequency domain features in the acoustic emission signal are matched with the slope partial area. The matched area is recorded as the standard slope partial area, and the unmatched area is recorded as the non-standard slope partial area.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each slope portion are analyzed, including...

[0029] Multiple stages of slope deformation process are defined. For a standard slope of the same type, the time domain characteristics, frequency domain characteristics and time-frequency domain characteristics are divided into stages to establish standard acoustic emission characteristic rules for each stage under each region type. The standard acoustic emission characteristic rules consist of multiple acoustic emission characteristics and their corresponding intervals.

[0030] The geological changes in multiple stages of the deformation process of a non-standard slope are simulated using a partial slope model.

[0031] The model of a partial slope area is used to output the differences and adjustment directions of standard and non-standard partial slope areas of the same type and stage.

[0032] The degree of difference is generated by comprehensively analyzing the differences. The standard acoustic emission characteristic rules are adjusted according to the degree of difference and the adjustment direction to obtain the non-standard acoustic emission characteristic rules for the non-standard slope areas, thereby obtaining the acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each slope area.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, a FLAC-PFC model is established by combining models of all partial slope regions and acoustic emission characteristic rules to monitor slope deformation and instability, including...

[0034] The acoustic emission feature rules are embedded into the slope partial area model of the corresponding region, and all slope partial area models are integrated and coupled. In this way, the FLAC model, PFC model and FLAC-PFC transition coupling model are integrated into the FLAC-PFC model describing the overall deformation of the slope engineering.

[0035] The FLAC-PFC model was used to monitor slope deformation and instability.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the FLAC-PFC model is used to monitor slope deformation and instability, including...

[0037] Define multiple deformation events on the FLAC-PFC model and monitor the deformation events in real time;

[0038] If no deformation event occurs, the changes on the FLAC-PFC model are statistically analyzed to predict the deformation event.

[0039] Correspondingly, a multi-level dynamic monitoring system for slope deformation and instability includes,

[0040] The segmentation module is used to obtain the geological information of the medium under the slope engineering, define the degree of continuity of the medium under the slope according to the geological information of the medium, mark the degree of continuity of the medium at the corresponding position under the slope, and divide the area types of different positions under the slope.

[0041] The settings module is used to set the target scale for different area types at different locations on the slope, and to build a partial area model of the slope for each area type using the target scale;

[0042] The analysis module is used to collect acoustic emission signals before and after multiple deformations in previous slope engineering projects, extract acoustic emission features, match the acoustic emission features with some areas of the slope, and analyze the acoustic emission feature rules corresponding to each area of ​​the slope.

[0043] The monitoring module is used to establish a FLAC-PFC model by combining the models of all slope regions and acoustic emission characteristic rules to monitor slope deformation and instability.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0045] 1. The degree of continuity of the medium under the slope is defined according to the geological information of the medium, and the degree of continuity of the medium is marked at the corresponding location under the slope. Different regional types are also divided under the slope, which standardizes the geological conditions of the slope, provides a reliable basis for the construction of the subsequent regional model, and ensures the reliability of slope monitoring.

[0046] 2. Setting target scales for different regions and types of slopes at different locations provides a highly adaptable model scale confirmation method for different regions and types of slopes, improves the adaptability of models for different regions, balances timeliness and calculation accuracy, and ensures the accuracy of regional model description.

[0047] 3. The acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each slope region were analyzed, and the FLAC-PFC model was established to monitor slope deformation and instability. The special characteristics of different regions were taken into account, and the acoustic emission characteristic rules were set in a targeted manner. A slope model that can take into account both geological description and acoustic emission characteristics was established, which improved the reliability and adaptability of slope deformation and instability monitoring and ensured the stability of slope deformation monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a multi-level dynamic monitoring method for slope deformation and instability proposed in this invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-level dynamic monitoring system for slope deformation and instability proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0051] Reference Figure 1A multi-level dynamic monitoring method for slope deformation and instability includes the following steps:

[0052] Step S101: Obtain the geological information of the medium under the slope engineering, define the degree of continuity of the medium under the slope according to the geological information of the medium, mark the degree of continuity of the medium at the corresponding location under the slope, and divide the area types of different locations under the slope.

[0053] In this embodiment, geological exploration is used to obtain slope topographic structure information (such as slope height, slope angle, fault distribution, etc.), medium information (such as lithology, joint density, wave velocity test, etc.) and geographical location information (GPS coordinates).

[0054] Slope media typically consist of rock, soil, water, engineering media, and potential structural surfaces (such as faults, joints, and fissures), and can be specifically classified into the following four categories:

[0055] intact rock medium

[0056] Types: Sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, shale, and limestone; metamorphic rocks or igneous rocks such as granite and gneiss.

[0057] Characteristics: Dense structure, high mechanical strength, deformation is mainly elastic or plastic, and good continuity.

[0058] Broken rock medium

[0059] Types: weathered rock, tectonic fracture zone, fault-affected zone, etc.

[0060] Characteristics: It contains a large number of cracks, joints or faults, resulting in a significant reduction in mechanical strength. Deformation is mainly characterized by fragmentation flow with poor continuity.

[0061] Soil medium

[0062] Types: clay, sand, gravelly soil, etc.

[0063] Characteristics: The intergranular bonding force is relatively weak, the mechanical properties are significantly affected by the water content, the deformation is mainly shear sliding, and the continuity is between that of intact rock and broken rock.

[0064] The degree of continuity of a medium is a quantitative indicator that describes the integrity of the internal structure of a medium. It reflects the continuous spatial distribution characteristics of the medium and is an indicator for judging the degree of continuity of a medium.

[0065] In some embodiments of this application, the degree of media continuity under the slope is defined according to the geological information of the media, including...

[0066] The geological information of the medium includes the topographic structure information, medium information and geographical location information of the slope, and the continuity parameters are extracted from the topographic structure information and medium information;

[0067] The size of the first grid is determined based on the topographic structure information and the medium information. The first grid and the geographical location information are used to perform initial gridding of all areas of the slope. The medium type and geographical location in each first grid are marked. The first grid is divided into homogeneous grids and heterogeneous grids. Homogeneous grids are first grids with only one medium, and heterogeneous grids are first grids with two or more media.

[0068] For homogeneous grids, adjacent homogeneous grids of the same medium type are merged, and the mean value of the continuity parameter under the merged homogeneous grid is calculated. The medium continuity degree of the homogeneous grid is determined by combining the mean values ​​of all continuity parameters.

[0069] For heterogeneous meshes, the heterogeneous meshes are further meshed according to the boundaries of different media to obtain multiple second meshes. Homogeneous meshes that are adjacent in position and of the same media type are merged. The mean value of the continuity parameter under the merged second mesh is calculated, and the degree of media continuity under each medium and the difference of continuity parameter between different media are calculated.

[0070] In this embodiment, continuity parameters are extracted, including topographic structural parameters such as slope variability (calculated via DEM), fault density (fault length per unit area), and joint strike rose diagram. Medium parameters include rock mass integrity index Kv (wave velocity ratio), joint density Dj (fracture spacing statistics), RQD (core length percentage), and porosity e (soil mass).

[0071] To ensure accurate region division, two gridding processes are performed. The first grid is for coarse division, and the second grid is for separating different media under the first grid.

[0072] The size of the first grid is determined (by combining terrain structure information and medium information):

[0073] Terrain structure constraints: Based on the contour line spacing (e.g., 5m) and slope change rate (e.g., densifying the grid in areas >30°), the first grid size is set to 10-20m (to ensure coverage of major terrain features).

[0074] Medium information constraints: Based on lithological variation boundaries (such as sandstone-shale interfaces) and joint density zoning (such as mesh refinement in dense joint areas), the mesh size is negatively correlated with the degree of medium variation (the greater the variation, the smaller the mesh).

[0075] Geographic location calibration: Combine GPS coordinates with grid indexing systems (such as UTM coordinate system) to ensure grid spatial positioning accuracy <1m.

[0076] The mean of the continuity parameter is the average value of the continuity parameters across multiple grids. Normalization and weighted averaging of the mean of the continuity parameter yield the degree of media continuity. The difference in continuity parameters between different media is the difference in the same continuity parameter between different media (one or several representative continuity parameters are selected to calculate the difference).

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the degree of continuity of the medium is marked at corresponding locations below the slope, and different area types are defined at different locations below the slope, including...

[0078] Region types include continuous regions, discontinuous regions, and transitional regions;

[0079] The continuity of the medium is marked on the first and second grids corresponding to the slope. The continuous, discontinuous, and transitional regions on the first and second grids are determined according to the medium type, the interval of the difference in continuity parameters between different media, and the interval of the continuity of the medium.

[0080] In this embodiment, the type of region is determined by combining both the difference in continuity parameters and the degree of continuity of the medium, which is more accurate.

[0081] Continuous region, high continuity (continuity degree of medium K1>0.75), slight differences (continuity parameter difference ΔK2<0.2), complete internal structure of a single medium, and small difference in continuity with adjacent mediums (such as a complete sandstone region).

[0082] Discontinuous regions with low continuity (K1<0.35), significant differences (ΔK2>0.4), severe internal fracturing of a single medium, and large differences in continuity with adjacent media (such as the boundary between fault fracture zones and surrounding rock masses).

[0083] The transitional zone exhibits moderate continuity (0.35≤K1≤0.75) and moderate dissimilarity (0.2≤ΔK2≤0.4). The continuity within a single medium is moderate, and the continuity dissimilarity with adjacent mediums is moderate (e.g., the boundary between weathered rock and fresh rock).

[0084] Continuous area (intact sandstone zone): The upper part of the slope is composed of thick sandstone layers, without faults or densely jointed zones. Discontinuous area (fault fracture zone): A fault develops in the middle of the slope, with a fracture width of 5m, filled with fault gouge, at the boundary with the sandstone on both sides. Transitional area (boundary between weathered and fresh rock): The lower part of the slope is composed of strongly weathered sandstone, at the boundary with the upper fresh sandstone.

[0085] Step S102: Set the target scale for different area types at different locations on the slope, and establish a partial area model of the slope for each area type using the target scale.

[0086] In some embodiments of this application, target scales are set for different regional types at different locations on the slope. A partial regional model of each regional type of slope is established using these target scales, including...

[0087] The slope partial model corresponding to the continuous region is the FLAC model, the slope partial model corresponding to the discontinuous region is the PFC model, and the slope partial model corresponding to the transition region is the FLAC-PFC transition coupling model.

[0088] For continuous regions, identify the medium type and deformation mode within the region, and determine the target scale of the continuous region based on the medium type, deformation mode, and degree of medium continuity.

[0089] For discontinuous regions, the block-scale distribution range, stress concentration factor, and failure mode under the region are identified, and the target scale of the discontinuous region is determined based on the block-scale distribution range, stress concentration factor, and failure mode.

[0090] For the transition region, the deformation gradient, stress transmission path length and multi-field coupling effect under the region are identified, and the initial target scale is determined based on the deformation gradient, stress transmission path length and multi-field coupling effect. The target scale interval is formed by statistically analyzing the target scales of the regions on both sides of the transition region.

[0091] If the initial target scale is within the target scale range, then the initial target scale will be used as the target scale for the transition region.

[0092] Otherwise, the target scale of the transition region is determined based on the distance between the initial target scale and the target scale interval;

[0093] The FLAC model, PFC model, and FLAC-PFC transition coupling model are established using the target scales of the continuous region, discontinuous region, and transition region, respectively.

[0094] In this embodiment, the slope region model corresponding to the continuous region is the FLAC model. The FLAC model excels at simulating large deformations in continuous media. The target scale needs to balance computational efficiency and accuracy; excessively large grids may miss local fractures, while excessively small grids increase computational costs. Mediums with high continuity (such as intact sandstone) can use larger grids to utilize their deformation continuity characteristics; media with low continuity (such as weathered shale) require smaller grids to capture the expansion of plastic zones. The PFC model is suitable for simulating the block movement of discontinuous media. The target scale needs to match the block scale; excessively large grids lead to distortion of the block effect, while excessively small grids increase computational load. Regions with high stress concentration coefficients (such as fault fracture zones) require finer grids to accurately capture stress distribution and failure modes. Transitional regions need to connect the continuous and discontinuous models, using the FLAC-PFC transition coupling model. The target scale needs to be coordinated with the regions on both sides—excessively large scales lead to distortion of stress transfer at the coupling interface, while excessively small scales increase the computational complexity of coupling. The initial scale is determined based on the deformation gradient and transmission path. The adjusted scale ensures matching with the grids of the regions on both sides, guaranteeing data transfer accuracy and overall model stability.

[0095] For continuous regions, the medium type (e.g., sandstone, shale) is determined through geological exploration, and the deformation mode (elastic / plastic) is determined by laboratory tests (e.g., triaxial compression). Based on the degree of medium continuity (e.g., K1 value) and the deformation mode, empirical formulas are used to calculate the target scale. A FLAC model is established, with quadrilateral / hexahedral meshes divided according to the target scale. A Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model is set, and parameters such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and cohesion are input. Boundary conditions (e.g., displacement constraints, stress loading) are applied, the geostress field is initialized, and the solver is run to obtain the deformation field and stress field distribution.

[0096] For discontinuous regions, the block size distribution range (e.g., 0.5-2m) is obtained through on-site joint surveys (e.g., scanning line method), and the stress concentration factor is determined in conjunction with the failure mode (shear / tension). Based on the block size distribution and stress concentration factor, the target size is adopted as L = γ(Dmax + Dmin) / 2 (γ is an adjustment factor, Dmax and Dmin are the upper and lower limits of the block size). The adjustment factor is determined by the stress concentration factor. A PFC model is established to generate Clump blocks or particle assemblies, and a parallel bond model is set up, defining the normal / tangential stiffness and bond strength. Initial stress (e.g., self-weight stress) is applied, and the discrete element solver is run to simulate the block sliding and fracture process, outputting displacement and contact force data.

[0097] In the transition region, considering deformation gradient, stress transmission path length, and multi-field coupling effects, a coupling coefficient is determined based on the multi-field coupling effect. The initial target scale is determined by multiplying the deformation gradient, stress transmission path length, and coupling coefficient. If the initial target scale is within the target scale range, the target scale of the transition region is reasonable and can accurately transition between the two sides. Otherwise, a correction factor is determined based on the distance between the initial target scale and the target scale range (distance to the nearest endpoint of the range) through a preset mapping relationship. This correction factor is used to correct the median value of the target scale range (without exceeding the range), thus outputting the target scale. Zero-thickness interface elements are set in the transition region, and normal / tangential coupling stiffness (e.g., kn = 10⁹ Pa / m) is defined to achieve dynamic exchange of displacement / force boundary conditions between the FLAC and PFC models. The coupled solver is run to synchronize the deformation field of the continuous region with the motion of the discontinuous block, outputting the stress and displacement continuity indices of the coupled interface.

[0098] It is understandable that the target scale mentioned above is the model resolution scale, which is used to better simulate and describe the geological changes in the region.

[0099] Step S103: Collect acoustic emission signals before and after multiple deformations of the slope in previous engineering projects, extract acoustic emission features, match the acoustic emission features with the slope regions, and analyze the acoustic emission feature rules corresponding to each slope region.

[0100] In this embodiment, acoustic emission signals of the slope before and after deformation are collected (if the sample is small, the sample can be expanded by supplementing the AE signals of similar slopes) in order to analyze the different AE signal patterns in different areas before and after deformation, which helps the subsequent monitoring and identification of the model.

[0101] Data acquisition system setup:

[0102] Sensor selection and placement: Use high-sensitivity piezoelectric emission sensors (such as PAC R15 type, frequency range 100-400kHz), and arrange them in a grid pattern in key areas of the slope (such as the top, middle and bottom of the slope) with a spacing of 5-10m to ensure coverage of potential deformation areas.

[0103] Signal acquisition parameters: Sampling frequency is set to 1MHz (to satisfy the Nyquist sampling theorem), gain is automatically adjusted (to avoid signal saturation), and trigger threshold is set to 40dB (to effectively capture micro-fracture signals).

[0104] Data storage format: The raw signal is stored in binary format, and timestamps, sensor locations, and environmental parameters (temperature and humidity) are recorded synchronously.

[0105] In some embodiments of this application, acoustic emission features are extracted and matched with portions of the slope, including...

[0106] The acoustic emission signal is denoised by filtering and wavelet thresholding to retain the effective acoustic emission signal. The time domain features, frequency domain features, and time-frequency domain features in the effective acoustic emission signal are extracted. The detection position is determined by triangulation or time difference positioning. The detection position error is corrected by combining the slope partial area model. The time domain features, frequency domain features, and time-frequency domain features in the acoustic emission signal are matched with the slope partial area. The matched area is recorded as the standard slope partial area, and the unmatched area is recorded as the non-standard slope partial area.

[0107] In this embodiment, the AE signal (acoustic emission signal) is matched with the specific location area of ​​the corresponding slope to provide a basis for the subsequent analysis of AE feature rules.

[0108] Signal denoising processing:

[0109] Filtering and noise reduction: A Butterworth bandpass filter (30-300kHz) is used to filter out low-frequency noise (mechanical vibration) and high-frequency noise (electromagnetic interference).

[0110] Wavelet thresholding denoising: The Symlet8 wavelet basis is used for 4-level decomposition. Soft thresholding is applied to the high-frequency detail coefficients (threshold λ, σ is the noise standard deviation, and N is the signal length). After reconstruction, the effective acoustic emission signal is retained (signal-to-noise ratio improvement >15dB).

[0111] Because the sample signal does not cover all areas of the slope, it is necessary to distinguish between them. The area that has been matched is recorded as the standard slope area (corresponding to the sample), and the area that has not been matched is recorded as the non-standard slope area (where no sample exists).

[0112] In some embodiments of this application, the acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each slope portion are analyzed, including...

[0113] Multiple stages of slope deformation process are defined. For a standard slope of the same type, the time domain characteristics, frequency domain characteristics and time-frequency domain characteristics are divided into stages to establish standard acoustic emission characteristic rules for each stage under each region type. The standard acoustic emission characteristic rules consist of multiple acoustic emission characteristics and their corresponding intervals.

[0114] The geological changes in multiple stages of the deformation process of a non-standard slope are simulated using a partial slope model.

[0115] The model of a partial slope area is used to output the differences and adjustment directions of standard and non-standard partial slope areas of the same type and stage.

[0116] The degree of difference is generated by comprehensively analyzing the differences. The standard acoustic emission characteristic rules are adjusted according to the degree of difference and the adjustment direction to obtain the non-standard acoustic emission characteristic rules for the non-standard slope areas, thereby obtaining the acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each slope area.

[0117] In this embodiment, since the standard acoustic emission characteristic rules are summarized from some regions, there may be deviations in other regions. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the standard acoustic emission rules for the same type of region according to the differences in the region in order to obtain the standard acoustic emission characteristic rules.

[0118] Stage division: Based on the slope deformation mechanism, several typical stages are defined—undeformed (no cracking), initial deformation (micro-crack initiation), accelerated deformation (crack propagation), critical instability (shear plane penetration), and overall instability (sliding / collapse).

[0119] Standard rule extraction: For standard slope sections in continuous / discontinuous / transitional areas (such as intact sandstone areas), statistical analysis of time-domain (amplitude, duration), frequency-domain (dominant frequency, frequency band energy), and time-frequency-domain (wavelet packet energy) characteristics is performed at each stage to determine the characteristic intervals. For example:

[0120] Initial deformation stage of continuous region: amplitude 0.1-0.5V, main frequency 100-150kHz, wavelet packet node (3,0) energy ratio >60%.

[0121] Accelerated deformation stage in discontinuous region: amplitude 0.5-2.0V, dominant frequency 50-100kHz, energy ratio of node (3,7) >40%.

[0122] Numerical model simulation: The FLAC / PFC model is used to simulate the deformation process of non-standard areas (such as densely jointed areas) at various stages, and outputs geological (joint density, groundwater content), mechanical (stress level, deformation rate), environmental (rainfall intensity) parameters and deformation compatibility indexes (displacement field variation coefficient, strain gradient modulus).

[0123] The discrepancy content refers to the Euclidean distance between non-standard slope areas and standard slope areas of the same type, including geological, mechanical, and environmental content. The geological, mechanical, and environmental content is quantified. Each of the geological content (joint density, joint opening, groundwater content, etc.), mechanical content (stress level, deformation rate, etc.) and environmental content (rainfall intensity, humidity, etc.) includes multiple sub-items. The discrepancy content also includes regional deformation coordination content (measuring the uniformity of regional deformation through the spatial distribution dispersion of displacement or strain fields (e.g., coefficient of variation, gradient modulus)). The degree of discrepancy is defined based on these discrepancy contents.

[0124] ;

[0125] in, For the first The degree of difference in some areas of non-standard slopes , , These are the conversion coefficients for geological content, mechanical content, and environmental content, respectively. , , These are the specific sub-items and quantities for geological, mechanical, and environmental content, respectively. , , The first Item Geological Content, No. The content of the mechanics section and the first The weights corresponding to each item in the environmental content , , The first Item Geological Content, No. The content of the mechanics section and the first The parameters (differences) corresponding to each item in the environment. For the first Parameters related to regional deformation coordination in certain areas of non-standard slopes. For the first A constant for a portion of a non-standard slope. This represents the correction made by the regional deformation coordination content to the sum of the differences in other content. A constant is used to balance the magnitude of the correction function, ensuring that... It remains within a reasonable range.

[0126] It is understandable that the standard acoustic emission characteristic rules are adjusted according to the degree of difference and the direction of adjustment. Different degrees of difference correspond to different adjustment coefficients, which are adjusted by multiplying the adjustment coefficients by the endpoints of the parameter intervals in the rules.

[0127] Step S104: Combine all slope partial area models and acoustic emission characteristic rules to establish a FLAC-PFC model to monitor slope deformation and instability.

[0128] In some embodiments of this application, a FLAC-PFC model is established by combining models of all partial slope regions and acoustic emission characteristic rules to monitor slope deformation and instability, including...

[0129] The acoustic emission feature rules are embedded into the slope partial area model of the corresponding region, and all slope partial area models are integrated and coupled. In this way, the FLAC model, PFC model and FLAC-PFC transition coupling model are integrated into the FLAC-PFC model describing the overall deformation of the slope engineering.

[0130] The FLAC-PFC model was used to monitor slope deformation and instability.

[0131] In this embodiment, the FLAC model, PFC model, and FLAC-PFC transitional coupling model are integrated into a multi-model coupling architecture:

[0132] Loose coupling is used to achieve independent solutions for FLAC and PFC through file exchange, with the coupling step size set to 0.1s to ensure the accuracy of each solution.

[0133] Tight coupling is employed, using an MPI parallel framework to achieve simultaneous solution of FLAC and PFC. The coupling interface transmits force and displacement through zero-thickness interface elements, and the interface stiffness is set to... To avoid interface penetration.

[0134] The transition region is refined by using adaptive mesh refinement and combining it with a multi-scale constitutive model (such as a bridging model) to achieve a smooth transition between continuous and discontinuous media.

[0135] In some embodiments of this application, the FLAC-PFC model is used to monitor slope deformation and instability, including...

[0136] Define multiple deformation events on the FLAC-PFC model and monitor the deformation events in real time;

[0137] If no deformation event occurs, the changes on the FLAC-PFC model are statistically analyzed to predict the deformation event.

[0138] In this embodiment, deformation events include micro-fracture events, local sliding events, regional sliding events, and other deformation events. The FLAC-PFC model is used to limit the parameters and trigger each deformation event.

[0139] When no deformation event occurs, a Markov chain model is constructed, defining the state as multiple stages of slope deformation, and establishing a transition probability matrix to calculate the probability of transitioning from the current state to the next state (i.e., the probability of transitioning from the current stage to the next stage), thus obtaining the initial transition probability.

[0140] The FLAC-PFC model is used to statistically analyze the current changes and calculate the degree to which the stress, shear strength, and AE characteristics of the current stage (deformation stage) approach the stress, shear strength, and AE characteristics of the next stage, which is denoted as the approach distance.

[0141] The final transition probability is determined based on the initial transition probability and multiple proximity distances, and the final transition probability is used to predict the occurrence of future deformation events.

[0142] ;

[0143] in, For the final transition probability, The initial transition probability, , , These are the combined weights for stress, shear strength, and AE characteristics, respectively. , , These represent the proximity distances of stress, shear strength, and AE characteristic, respectively. To compensate for the probability, This represents the compensation probability obtained by a weighted average mapping of the proximity distances of stress, shear strength, and AE characteristics.

[0144] Correspondingly, a multi-level dynamic monitoring system for slope deformation and instability, such as Figure 2 As shown, including,

[0145] The segmentation module is used to obtain the geological information of the medium under the slope engineering, define the degree of continuity of the medium under the slope according to the geological information of the medium, mark the degree of continuity of the medium at the corresponding position under the slope, and divide the area types of different positions under the slope.

[0146] The settings module is used to set the target scale for different area types at different locations on the slope, and to build a partial area model of the slope for each area type using the target scale;

[0147] The analysis module is used to collect acoustic emission signals before and after multiple deformations in previous slope engineering projects, extract acoustic emission features, match the acoustic emission features with some areas of the slope, and analyze the acoustic emission feature rules corresponding to each area of ​​the slope.

[0148] The monitoring module is used to establish a FLAC-PFC model by combining the models of all slope regions and acoustic emission characteristic rules to monitor slope deformation and instability.

[0149] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0150] 1. The degree of continuity of the medium under the slope is defined according to the geological information of the medium, and the degree of continuity of the medium is marked at the corresponding location under the slope. Different regional types are also divided under the slope, which standardizes the geological conditions of the slope, provides a reliable basis for the construction of the subsequent regional model, and ensures the reliability of slope monitoring.

[0151] 2. Setting target scales for different regions and types of slopes at different locations provides a highly adaptable model scale confirmation method for different regions and types of slopes, improves the adaptability of models for different regions, balances timeliness and calculation accuracy, and ensures the accuracy of regional model description.

[0152] 3. The acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each slope region were analyzed, and the FLAC-PFC model was established to monitor slope deformation and instability. The special characteristics of different regions were taken into account, and the acoustic emission characteristic rules were set in a targeted manner. A slope model that can take into account both geological description and acoustic emission characteristics was established, which improved the reliability and adaptability of slope deformation and instability monitoring and ensured the stability of slope deformation monitoring.

[0153] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented in hardware or by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0154] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of a preferred embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing the present invention.

[0155] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the implementation scenario can be distributed within the apparatus of the implementation scenario as described, or they can be located in one or more apparatuses different from this implementation scenario, with corresponding changes. The modules of the above-described implementation scenario can be combined into one module, or they can be further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0156] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for multi-level dynamic monitoring of slope deformation and instability, characterized in that, include, Obtain the geological information of the medium under the slope engineering, define the degree of continuity of the medium under the slope according to the geological information of the medium, mark the degree of continuity of the medium at the corresponding location under the slope, and divide the area types of different locations under the slope. Set target scales for different regions at different locations on the slope, and build partial regional models of each region type of slope using the target scales; Acoustic emission signals were collected from previous slope engineering projects before and after multiple deformations. Acoustic emission features were extracted and matched with certain areas of the slope. The acoustic emission feature rules corresponding to each area of ​​the slope were analyzed. A FLAC-PFC model was established by combining models of all slope regions and acoustic emission characteristic rules to monitor slope deformation and instability. in, The degree of media continuity beneath a slope is defined based on the geological information of the medium, including... The geological information of the medium includes the topographic structure information, medium information and geographical location information of the slope, and the continuity parameters are extracted from the topographic structure information and medium information; The size of the first grid is determined based on the topographic structure information and the medium information. The first grid and the geographical location information are used to perform initial gridding of all areas of the slope. The medium type and geographical location in each first grid are marked. The first grid is divided into homogeneous grids and heterogeneous grids. Homogeneous grids are first grids with only one medium, and heterogeneous grids are first grids with two or more media. For homogeneous grids, adjacent homogeneous grids of the same medium type are merged, and the mean value of the continuity parameter under the merged homogeneous grid is calculated. The medium continuity degree of the homogeneous grid is determined by combining the mean values ​​of all continuity parameters. For heterogeneous meshes, the heterogeneous meshes are further meshed according to the boundaries of different media to obtain multiple second meshes. Homogeneous meshes that are adjacent in position and of the same media type are merged. The mean value of the continuity parameter under the merged second mesh is calculated, and the degree of media continuity under each medium and the difference of continuity parameter between different media are calculated.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The degree of continuity of the medium is marked at corresponding locations below the slope, and different area types are defined at different locations below the slope, including... Region types include continuous regions, discontinuous regions, and transitional regions; The continuity of the medium is marked on the first and second grids corresponding to the slope. The continuous, discontinuous, and transitional regions on the first and second grids are determined according to the medium type, the interval of the difference in continuity parameters between different media, and the interval of the continuity of the medium.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, Set target scales for different location areas and regional types on the slope, and build partial regional models of each slope type using these target scales, including... The slope partial model corresponding to the continuous region is the FLAC model, the slope partial model corresponding to the discontinuous region is the PFC model, and the slope partial model corresponding to the transition region is the FLAC-PFC transition coupling model. For continuous regions, identify the medium type and deformation mode within the region, and determine the target scale of the continuous region based on the medium type, deformation mode, and degree of medium continuity. For discontinuous regions, the block-scale distribution range, stress concentration factor, and failure mode under the region are identified, and the target scale of the discontinuous region is determined based on the block-scale distribution range, stress concentration factor, and failure mode. For the transition region, the deformation gradient, stress transmission path length and multi-field coupling effect under the region are identified, and the initial target scale is determined based on the deformation gradient, stress transmission path length and multi-field coupling effect. The target scale interval is formed by statistically analyzing the target scales of the regions on both sides of the transition region. If the initial target scale is within the target scale range, then the initial target scale will be used as the target scale for the transition region. Otherwise, the target scale of the transition region is determined based on the distance between the initial target scale and the target scale interval; The FLAC model, PFC model, and FLAC-PFC transition coupling model are established using the target scales of the continuous region, discontinuous region, and transition region, respectively.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, Acoustic emission features were extracted and matched with specific areas of the slope, including... The acoustic emission signal is denoised by filtering and wavelet thresholding to retain the effective acoustic emission signal. The time domain features, frequency domain features, and time-frequency domain features in the effective acoustic emission signal are extracted. The detection position is determined by triangulation or time difference positioning. The detection position error is corrected by combining the slope partial area model. The time domain features, frequency domain features, and time-frequency domain features in the acoustic emission signal are matched with the slope partial area. The matched area is recorded as the standard slope partial area, and the unmatched area is recorded as the non-standard slope partial area.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, Analyze the acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each slope region. include, Multiple stages of the slope deformation process are defined. For a standard slope of the same type, the time domain characteristics, frequency domain characteristics, and time-frequency domain characteristics are divided into stages to establish standard acoustic emission characteristic rules for each stage under each region type. The standard acoustic emission characteristic rules consist of multiple acoustic emission characteristics and their corresponding intervals. The geological changes in multiple stages of the deformation process of a non-standard slope are simulated using a partial slope model. The model of a partial slope area is used to output the differences and adjustment directions of standard and non-standard partial slope areas of the same type and stage. The degree of difference is generated by comprehensively analyzing the differences. The standard acoustic emission characteristic rules are then adjusted according to the degree of difference and the adjustment direction to obtain the non-standard acoustic emission characteristic rules for the non-standard slope areas, thereby obtaining the acoustic emission characteristic rules corresponding to each slope area.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, A FLAC-PFC model was established by combining partial slope models and acoustic emission characteristic rules to monitor slope deformation and instability, including... The acoustic emission feature rules are embedded into the slope partial area model of the corresponding region, and all slope partial area models are integrated and coupled. In this way, the FLAC model, PFC model and FLAC-PFC transition coupling model are integrated into the FLAC-PFC model describing the overall deformation of the slope engineering. The FLAC-PFC model was used to monitor slope deformation and instability.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The FLAC-PFC model is used to monitor slope deformation and instability, including... Define multiple deformation events on the FLAC-PFC model and monitor the deformation events in real time; If no deformation event occurs, the changes on the FLAC-PFC model are statistically analyzed to predict the deformation event.

8. A multi-level dynamic monitoring system for slope deformation and instability, characterized in that, For implementing the multi-level dynamic monitoring method for slope deformation and instability as described in any one of claims 1-7, the system comprises, The segmentation module is used to obtain the geological information of the medium under the slope engineering, define the degree of continuity of the medium under the slope according to the geological information of the medium, mark the degree of continuity of the medium at the corresponding position under the slope, and divide the area types of different positions under the slope. The settings module is used to set the target scale for different area types at different locations on the slope, and to build a partial area model of the slope for each area type using the target scale; The analysis module is used to collect acoustic emission signals before and after multiple deformations in previous slope engineering projects, extract acoustic emission features, match the acoustic emission features with some areas of the slope, and analyze the acoustic emission feature rules corresponding to each area of ​​the slope. The monitoring module is used to establish a FLAC-PFC model by combining the models of all slope regions and acoustic emission characteristic rules to monitor slope deformation and instability.

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