Power grid fault positioning system and method based on data security protection

Abstract

The invention provides a power grid fault positioning system and method based on data security protection. The system comprises a power grid GIS model arranged at a dispatching master station, and a fault detection module, a data security module and a fault positioning module which are arranged at power grid nodes. The fault detection module collects operation data such as voltage and current, judges whether a fault occurs between adjacent power grid nodes, and starts main protection and sends a first fault position when the fault occurs; the data security module realizes synchronization and tamper-proof protection of adjacent node data through a data sharing and read-write control mechanism; after receiving the starting signal, the fault positioning module calculates a second fault position by using traveling wave detection, S transformation and a four-point fitting method; the power grid GIS model displays the fault according to the first fault position and the second fault position; according to the method, the fault diagnosis delay is reduced, the safety and reliability of system operation are improved, and the fault positioning precision is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system technology, and in particular to a power grid fault location system and method based on data security protection. Background Technology

[0002] If a fault occurs in the distribution network during operation, and the fault point cannot be located in a timely and accurate manner, it will seriously affect the reliability and security of power supply. Therefore, achieving rapid fault location and accurate identification is of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the distribution network. With the improvement of power grid automation and informatization, a large number of intelligent terminals and sensing devices have been deployed in the distribution network to collect current, voltage, and operating status data of each node in real time. Power grid monitoring technology based on big data can perform real-time analysis and anomaly detection of the system's operating status, providing data support for fault diagnosis. However, under the current technological system, the following shortcomings still exist:

[0003] (1) Centralized data processing leads to diagnostic delays. The current mainstream practice is to upload the raw data collected by each terminal to the dispatch master station, which then performs centralized storage and analysis to determine faults and generate alarm information. Due to the large number of distribution terminals and the exponential growth of data volume, the master station is overloaded, resulting in significant delays in data analysis and fault diagnosis, making it difficult to achieve real-time response.

[0004] (2) Insufficient data security and reliability. In the existing system, data interaction between nodes relies heavily on public communication networks, lacking robust read / write access control and encryption protection mechanisms. If subjected to network attacks or malicious tampering, monitoring data will be distorted, thereby affecting the accuracy of fault identification and the security of system scheduling.

[0005] (3) Low fault location accuracy. Traditional fault location methods in distribution networks are mostly based on the analysis of voltage and current abrupt changes or traveling wave signal characteristics, which are highly sensitive to noise and non-fault disturbances. Under actual complex operating conditions, measurement errors, communication delays and noise interference can all lead to deviations in the location results, reducing the accuracy of fault identification. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a power grid fault location system and method based on data security protection.

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a power grid fault location system based on data security protection. The system includes: a power grid GIS model set at the dispatch master station and a fault detection module, a data security module, and a fault location module set at the power grid nodes.

[0008] The fault detection module is used to collect power grid operation data and determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the power grid operation data; if a fault occurs, the main protection is activated, the first fault location is sent to the power grid GIS model, and a start signal is sent to the fault location module.

[0009] The data security module is used to synchronize power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes;

[0010] The fault location module is used to locate the fault point after receiving the start signal sent by the fault detection module, calculate the second fault location, and send the second fault location to the power grid GIS model.

[0011] The power grid GIS model is used to display faults based on the first fault location and the second fault location.

[0012] Furthermore, the fault detection module includes a data acquisition unit and a fault judgment unit;

[0013] The data acquisition unit is used to acquire voltage and current data of power grid nodes, and synchronize the voltage and current data to adjacent power grid nodes through the data security module;

[0014] The fault determination unit is used to determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the voltage data and the current data.

[0015] Furthermore, the data security module includes a data sharing unit and a read / write control unit;

[0016] The data sharing unit is used to store the collected voltage and current data of the power grid nodes, and to synchronize the voltage and current data to the storage units corresponding to the data sharing units of adjacent power grid nodes.

[0017] The read / write control unit is used to control the read / write permissions of the voltage data and the current data in the storage unit of the data sharing unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the fault location module includes a traveling wave detection unit and a location calculation unit;

[0019] The traveling wave detection unit is used to detect the current signal between faulty power grid nodes after receiving the start signal sent by the fault detection module.

[0020] The positioning calculation unit is used to calculate the second fault location based on the current signal.

[0021] Furthermore, the positioning calculation unit calculates the second fault location based on the S-transform and four-point fitting method.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention provides a power grid fault location method based on data security protection, applied to the above-mentioned system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] Step S1: Obtain power grid operation data collected by power grid nodes;

[0024] Step S2: Synchronize the power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes, and determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the power grid operation data; if a fault occurs, activate the main protection, send the first fault location to the power grid GIS model, and start fault location calculation;

[0025] Step S3: After starting the fault location calculation, detect the current signal between the faulty power grid nodes and calculate the second fault location;

[0026] Step S4: The power grid GIS model displays the faults based on the first fault location and the second fault location.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S1, the operating data of the power grid node includes the voltage data and current data of the power grid node.

[0028] Further, in step S2, the specific process of synchronizing the power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes is as follows: Each power grid node's data sharing unit stores the voltage and current data of its own node and the voltage and current data of adjacent power grid nodes. After the voltage and current data of its own node changes, each power grid node sends its own voltage and current data to the storage unit corresponding to the data sharing unit of the adjacent power grid node. Each power grid node can only modify the storage unit storing its own voltage and current data and the storage unit of the adjacent power grid node storing its own voltage and current data.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S2, the fluctuation equation and frequency response function of adjacent power grid nodes are determined based on the topological connection relationship of power grid nodes, and the power grid operation data, fluctuation equation and frequency response function are used to determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S3, the second fault location is calculated based on the S-transform and four-point fitting method.

[0031] This invention provides a power grid fault location system and method based on data security protection. Addressing the problems of diagnostic lag, poor data security, and low location accuracy in existing distribution network fault diagnosis methods, improvements are made in three aspects: data processing structure, node security mechanism, and location algorithm, achieving the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) This invention effectively reduces the lag in fault diagnosis and improves the response speed. By setting up a fault detection module at the power grid node, local acquisition and preliminary judgment of voltage and current data are realized, eliminating the reliance on the dispatch master station for centralized processing of all data. The power grid node can determine whether a fault has occurred in real time based on the power grid operation data of adjacent nodes, and immediately activate the main protection and send the first fault location when a fault occurs, greatly shortening the data transmission and analysis time and realizing distributed rapid response. Compared with the traditional centralized diagnosis mechanism, this invention significantly reduces the computational load of the master station and reduces the delay in the fault detection process.

[0033] (2) This invention significantly improves the security of system operation. The system introduces a data security module, which realizes secure synchronization and anti-tampering management of voltage and current data through a data sharing unit and a read / write control unit. The data sharing unit of each power grid node not only stores the data of its own node, but also synchronously stores the operating data of adjacent power grid nodes, and limits the data modification permissions through a read / write control mechanism. This mechanism ensures the integrity and reliability of data interaction between nodes, prevents the distortion of monitoring data caused by network attacks or malicious modifications, and thus improves the security protection level of power grid operation data.

[0034] (3) This invention significantly improves the accuracy and stability of fault location. After receiving the start signal, the fault location module analyzes the fault current signal based on the S-transform and four-point fitting method, improving the anti-interference and robustness of the location algorithm. This invention can still achieve high-precision calculation of the second fault location under the influence of complex power grid noise, thus improving the accuracy of fault location. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a power grid fault location system based on data security protection provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A structural diagram of another power grid fault location system based on data security protection provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a power grid fault location method based on data security protection, provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of step S3 of a power grid fault location method based on data security protection provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely one unit of embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0041] As one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a power grid fault location system based on data security protection. The system includes: a power grid GIS model set at the dispatch master station, and a fault detection module, a data security module, and a fault location module set at the power grid nodes.

[0042] The fault detection module is used to collect power grid operation data and determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the power grid operation data; if a fault occurs, the main protection is activated, the first fault location is sent to the power grid GIS model, and a start signal is sent to the fault location module.

[0043] The data security module is used to synchronize power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes;

[0044] The fault location module is used to locate the fault point after receiving the start signal sent by the fault detection module, calculate the second fault location, and send the second fault location to the power grid GIS model.

[0045] The power grid GIS model is used to display faults based on the first fault location and the second fault location.

[0046] Specifically, the dispatch master station is used to centrally display, store, and manage fault location information, and to visualize faults through a power grid GIS model. Power grid nodes are used to perform distributed tasks such as data acquisition, synchronization, safety protection, and local fault diagnosis and location, thereby achieving distributed collaborative fault diagnosis and reducing latency caused by centralized data transmission and analysis. The various modules of the system interact with each other through a communication network, where power grid nodes can directly communicate point-to-point to achieve data sharing and synchronization, without entirely relying on data aggregation from the dispatch master station.

[0047] More specifically, the fault detection module includes a data acquisition unit and a fault judgment unit;

[0048] The data acquisition unit is used to acquire voltage and current data of power grid nodes, and synchronize the voltage and current data to adjacent power grid nodes through the data security module;

[0049] The fault determination unit is used to determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the voltage data and the current data.

[0050] Specifically, the data acquisition unit is used to monitor the operating status of power grid nodes in real time, including collecting voltage and current data. Each power grid node is equipped with a sampling device for high-precision sampling of bus voltage and feeder current, and the collected data is digitized and stored in a local cache. The data acquisition unit synchronizes the collected voltage and current data through a data security module, ensuring a consistent operational information view between adjacent power grid nodes, providing data support for subsequent fault diagnosis.

[0051] The fault diagnosis unit determines whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the changing trends of the collected voltage and current data. When a fault occurs, the fault diagnosis unit immediately initiates the main protection action, generates the first fault location and sends it to the power grid GIS model for preliminary fault range marking; at the same time, it sends a start signal to the fault location module to initiate the subsequent precise location calculation process.

[0052] More specifically, the data security module includes a data sharing unit and a read / write control unit;

[0053] The data sharing unit is used to store the collected voltage and current data of the power grid nodes, and to synchronize the voltage and current data to the storage units corresponding to the data sharing units of adjacent power grid nodes.

[0054] The read / write control unit is used to control the read / write permissions of the voltage data and the current data in the storage unit of the data sharing unit.

[0055] Specifically, the data sharing unit stores the voltage and current data collected by the node and synchronizes it to adjacent grid nodes. Each grid node's data sharing unit establishes a secure storage area, which includes the node's own data storage unit and the storage units for data from adjacent nodes. When the operating data of a node changes, its data sharing unit automatically triggers the synchronization mechanism, sending the updated voltage and current data to the corresponding storage units of the adjacent nodes' data sharing units, thus achieving data synchronization between nodes. Through this mechanism, the system can maintain the consistency and integrity of grid operating status data among all nodes.

[0056] The read / write control unit manages read / write permissions within the data sharing unit. Each node can only modify its own data storage unit and the corresponding storage unit in adjacent nodes that stores its own data; writing to data on other nodes is prohibited. This mechanism effectively prevents cross-node data tampering, ensuring the authenticity and security of voltage and current data during transmission and storage.

[0057] More specifically, the fault location module includes a traveling wave detection unit and a location calculation unit;

[0058] The traveling wave detection unit is used to detect the current signal between faulty power grid nodes after receiving the start signal sent by the fault detection module.

[0059] The positioning calculation unit is used to calculate the second fault location based on the current signal.

[0060] Specifically, the positioning calculation unit calculates the second fault location based on the S-transform and four-point fitting method.

[0061] More specifically, the traveling wave detection unit is used to capture the traveling current signal caused by the fault after it occurs. Traveling wave signals are characterized by high propagation speed and short arrival time; high-precision fault location can be achieved by analyzing the time difference of arrival of the traveling wave. The traveling wave detection unit uses a high sampling rate sensor to sample the fault current signal and extracts the wavefront arrival time, waveform abrupt change points, and main frequency components, providing basic data for subsequent location calculations.

[0062] The location calculation unit calculates the second fault location based on the current signal acquired by the traveling wave detection unit. This unit achieves high-precision fault location based on the S-transform and four-point fitting method. The S-transform is a time-frequency analysis method that combines the globality of the short-time Fourier transform with the multi-resolution characteristics of the wavelet transform, enabling accurate extraction of the time-frequency features of the traveling wave signal. In this embodiment, the S-transform is used to identify the precise arrival time of the traveling wave front, thereby obtaining a high-precision traveling wave propagation time difference. After obtaining the time difference, the location calculation unit further uses the four-point fitting method for distance calculation. The four-point fitting method, by curve fitting the multi-point measurement signals, can reduce the wave front error caused by noise interference, improving the stability and accuracy of the location. The finally calculated second fault location is transmitted to the power grid GIS model via the communication network for accurate fault display.

[0063] More specifically, the power grid GIS model is deployed at the dispatch master station to comprehensively display fault information. The GIS model receives the first fault location from the fault detection module and the second fault location from the fault location module, compares and corrects them, and marks them on the geographic information interface. The first fault location indicates the fault section range, while the second fault location determines the precise fault point location. The GIS system can combine these two to achieve visualized management from fault detection to fault location. Dispatchers can quickly determine the fault location based on the GIS model's display results and formulate maintenance and isolation plans, thereby significantly shortening power outage restoration time.

[0064] On the other hand, as another embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, this invention provides a power grid fault location method based on data security protection, applied to the aforementioned system. The method includes the following steps:

[0065] Step S1: Obtain power grid operation data collected by power grid nodes;

[0066] Step S2: Synchronize the power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes, and determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the power grid operation data; if a fault occurs, activate the main protection, send the first fault location to the power grid GIS model, and start fault location calculation;

[0067] Step S3: After starting the fault location calculation, detect the current signal between the faulty power grid nodes and calculate the second fault location;

[0068] Step S4: The power grid GIS model displays the faults based on the first fault location and the second fault location.

[0069] More specifically, in step S1, the operating data of the power grid node includes the voltage data and current data of the power grid node.

[0070] More specifically, in this embodiment, each power grid node is equipped with a data acquisition unit for real-time acquisition of voltage and current data. After the acquisition unit digitally samples the voltage and current signals, the data is filtered and formatted by the local data processing module to form a structured operation data packet, which is then stored in the data sharing unit corresponding to the node for subsequent data synchronization and fault diagnosis.

[0071] More specifically, in step S2, the process of synchronizing the power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes is as follows: Each power grid node's data sharing unit stores the voltage and current data of its own node and the voltage and current data of adjacent power grid nodes. After the voltage and current data of its own node changes, each power grid node sends its own voltage and current data to the storage unit corresponding to the data sharing unit of the adjacent power grid node. Each power grid node can only modify the storage unit storing its own voltage and current data and the storage unit of the adjacent power grid node storing its own voltage and current data.

[0072] More specifically, each power grid node's data security module includes a data sharing unit and a read / write control unit. The data sharing unit stores voltage and current data for the node and its neighboring nodes; the read / write control unit uses access control policies to implement data permission division, ensuring the security and integrity of data interaction between nodes. When a power grid node collects new voltage and current data, the data sharing unit synchronizes the latest operating data to the shared storage unit of its directly connected neighboring nodes. Synchronization employs a point-to-point secure transmission mechanism. Each node can only read and write its own data and the corresponding storage blocks in neighboring nodes, thus preventing unauthorized data tampering and unauthorized access. (See Appendix...) Figure 2 The data storage relationship of the power grid nodes is shown in Table 1 below:

[0073] Table 1: Data storage relationship of power grid nodes

[0074]

[0075] By setting up a data sharing unit and a read / write control unit within each power grid node, efficient and secure data interaction and distributed collaborative processing between nodes are achieved. The data sharing unit can simultaneously store key operational data such as voltage and current from its own node and adjacent nodes, and achieves real-time synchronization through a point-to-point secure transmission mechanism, ensuring the timeliness and consistency of data updates. With the access control strategy of the read / write control unit, each node can only read and write its own storage blocks and those directly related to it, fundamentally avoiding security risks such as data leakage and tampering. This mechanism allows nodes to perform fault diagnosis and status analysis without frequently accessing external node data; they can complete calculations simply by reading from their local shared unit, significantly shortening data transmission paths and processing latency, and improving the system's real-time response capability and fault tolerance. This embodiment not only improves the efficiency of rapid detection and location of abnormal operating conditions in the power supply system but also enhances the overall security and stability of the power grid.

[0076] More specifically, in step S2, the fluctuation equation and frequency response function of adjacent power grid nodes are determined based on the topological connection relationship of power grid nodes, and the power grid operation data, fluctuation equation and frequency response function are used to determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes.

[0077] Specifically, after data synchronization, the system establishes an electrical coupling model between adjacent nodes based on the power grid's topology and constructs a wave equation and frequency response function. The system solves the wave equation and performs frequency domain analysis based on the collected voltage and current operating data to determine if a fault exists in the power grid. The determination method is as follows: First, the system calculates the pole positions of the voltage fluctuation transfer function between nodes, which characterizes the system's resonance characteristics. Second, it uses Fourier transform to convert the voltage fluctuation equation from time-domain to frequency-domain form, obtaining the frequency response curves between nodes. Based on the frequency response function, it extracts the main frequency characteristics, such as the location of the resonance peak, amplitude-frequency characteristics, and phase delay characteristics. When the resonance frequency corresponding to the extreme point of the transfer function matches the extracted frequency characteristics, the system further analyzes the dynamic changes of voltage fluctuations at continuous moments, calculating the amplitude difference and phase difference of the voltage fluctuation equation at different times. If both exceed a pre-set threshold range, it indicates a sudden change in the electrical state between nodes, and a fault is determined to have occurred in that line segment. After the fault is confirmed, the fault detection module immediately activates the main protection logic, sends the first fault location data to the power grid GIS model of the dispatch master station, and sends a start signal to the fault location module to enter the precise location stage.

[0078] More specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, in step S3, the second fault location is calculated based on the S-transform and four-point fitting method.

[0079] More specifically, step S3 further includes the following steps:

[0080] Step S301: Acquire the current signal between faulty power grid nodes through the traveling wave detection unit;

[0081] Step S302: Perform a Kelvin-Bell transform on the detected current signal to extract the traveling wave component;

[0082]

[0083] in, , , This represents the three-phase current sampling signal; , , express mold, Modulus and zero modulus components;

[0084] Step S303: Differentiate to enhance wavefront characteristics;

[0085] right Differentiating the modulus component signal to highlight the traveling wavefront;

[0086]

[0087] in Indicates the sampling frequency; Indicates the sampling point number;

[0088] Step S304: By changing the positioning wavefront time window, the region of wavefront abrupt change can be accurately located through time-frequency analysis;

[0089]

[0090] Energy spectrum:

[0091]

[0092] Maximum energy extraction curve over time:

[0093]

[0094] Determine the energy mutation point:

[0095]

[0096] Determine the time window:

[0097]

[0098] in, Indicates the result of the transformation; Indicates a time-shifted variable; Represents frequency variables; Represents the energy spectrum; Represents the curve of maximum energy; Indicates the approximate arrival time of the wavefront; Indicates half the width of the time window;

[0099] Step S305: Accurately determine the wavefront time using the four-point fitting method; Within the time window determined by the transformation, the precise timing of the wavefront is calculated using local fitting.

[0100] Select the maximum point in the derivative waveform and its nearest sampling point:

[0101]

[0102] Calculate the left and right slopes:

[0103]

[0104] Finding the peak time using linear fitting:

[0105]

[0106] in, Indicates the first The derivative magnitude at each sampling point; Indicates the first The time corresponding to each sampling point; Indicates the slopes on the left and right sides; Indicates the precise arrival time of the wavefront.

[0107] Step S306: Time synchronization at both ends and fault distance calculation;

[0108] Let the two ends of the line be nodes. , Total length ;

[0109] The arrival times of the traveling waves detected at both ends are:

[0110] First arrival: ;

[0111] Arrives a second time (after reflection): ;

[0112] Then the distance from the fault point , The distance is:

[0113]

[0114] in, Indicates the total length of this section of the line; Indicates the speed of travel wave propagation; Indicates the arrival time of the first traveling wave; Indicates the arrival time of the second traveling wave; This indicates the distance from the fault point to both ends.

[0115] In traveling wave fault location, the traditional four-point fitting method interpolates and fits sampling points near the traveling wave front to determine the arrival time of the wave front, thereby calculating the fault distance. This method is simple in structure and has low computational load, but it is prone to wave front identification errors under conditions of high noise or signal distortion, leading to a decrease in location accuracy. To improve the accuracy of wave front identification, this invention proposes a fault location method combining S-transform and the four-point fitting method. The S-transform has excellent time-frequency local analysis capabilities, capable of simultaneously characterizing the features of the traveling wave signal in both the time and frequency domains. By analyzing the traveling wave signal... The transformation effectively separates noise from non-dominant mode traveling wave components, extracting the dominant frequency band signal with concentrated energy. Subsequently, a four-point fitting method is used to perform wavefront detection on this optimized time-domain signal, significantly improving the stability and accuracy of wavefront identification. Compared to the simple four-point fitting method, this invention introduces... The method combining transformation and four-point fitting has stronger noise resistance and multi-mode traveling wave resolution, and can maintain high positioning accuracy under complex power grid conditions.

[0116] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power grid fault location system based on data security protection, characterized in that, The system includes: a power grid GIS model set at the dispatch master station, and fault detection module, data security module, and fault location module set at power grid nodes; The fault detection module is used to collect power grid operation data and determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the power grid operation data; if a fault occurs, the main protection is activated, the first fault location is sent to the power grid GIS model, and a start signal is sent to the fault location module. The data security module is used to synchronize power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes; The fault location module is used to locate the fault point after receiving the start signal sent by the fault detection module, calculate the second fault location, and send the second fault location to the power grid GIS model. The power grid GIS model is used to display faults based on the first fault location and the second fault location.

2. The power grid fault location system based on data security protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fault detection module includes a data acquisition unit and a fault judgment unit; The data acquisition unit is used to acquire voltage and current data of power grid nodes, and synchronize the voltage and current data to adjacent power grid nodes through the data security module; The fault determination unit is used to determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the voltage data and the current data.

3. The power grid fault location system based on data security protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data security module includes a data sharing unit and a read / write control unit; The data sharing unit is used to store the collected voltage and current data of the power grid nodes, and to synchronize the voltage and current data to the storage units corresponding to the data sharing units of adjacent power grid nodes. The read / write control unit is used to control the read / write permissions of the voltage data and the current data in the storage unit of the data sharing unit.

4. The power grid fault location system based on data security protection according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fault location module includes a traveling wave detection unit and a location calculation unit; The traveling wave detection unit is used to detect the current signal between faulty power grid nodes after receiving the start signal sent by the fault detection module. The positioning calculation unit is used to calculate the second fault location based on the current signal.

5. The power grid fault location system based on data security protection according to claim 4, characterized in that, The positioning calculation unit calculates the second fault location based on the S-transform and four-point fitting method.

6. A power grid fault location method based on data security protection, applied to the system described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain power grid operation data collected by power grid nodes; Step S2: Synchronize the power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes, and determine whether a fault has occurred between adjacent power grid nodes based on the power grid operation data; if a fault occurs, activate the main protection, send the first fault location to the power grid GIS model, and start fault location calculation; Step S3: After starting the fault location calculation, detect the current signal between the faulty power grid nodes and calculate the second fault location; Step S4: The power grid GIS model displays the faults based on the first fault location and the second fault location.

7. The power grid fault location method based on data security protection according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the operating data of the power grid node includes the voltage data and current data of the power grid node.

8. The power grid fault location method based on data security protection according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the specific process of synchronizing the power grid operation data collected by adjacent power grid nodes is as follows: Each power grid node's data sharing unit stores the voltage and current data of its own node and the voltage and current data of adjacent power grid nodes. After the voltage and current data of its own node changes, each power grid node sends its own voltage and current data to the storage unit corresponding to the data sharing unit of the adjacent power grid node. Each power grid node can only modify the storage unit storing its own voltage and current data and the storage unit of the adjacent power grid node storing its own voltage and current data.

9. The power grid fault location method based on data security protection according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the fluctuation equation and frequency response function of adjacent power grid nodes are determined based on the topological connection relationship of power grid nodes, and the fault between adjacent power grid nodes is determined based on the power grid operation data and the fluctuation equation and frequency response function.

10. The power grid fault location method based on data security protection according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S3, the second fault location is calculated based on the S-transform and four-point fitting method.

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