Power distribution network fault positioning and recovery method, system and device, and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a power distribution network fault positioning and recovery method, system and device and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: building a topology model through analyzing a pre-configured standard graphic model file; establishing a communication list of the primary equipment and the terminal, performing parallel polling on the terminal to obtain the operation state of the primary equipment, dynamically refreshing topological configuration and pushing fault information; realizing accurate positioning based on the fault message, calculating a fault node and formulating an isolation strategy; and generating a recovery strategy in combination with the standby power supply state, executing breaker tripping and closing operation and issuing a result. According to the invention, automatic fault identification, rapid isolation and non-fault area power supply recovery can be realized, and the power distribution network fault processing efficiency and the power supply reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power system automation technology, and in particular relates to a method, system, equipment and storage medium for fault location and recovery in power distribution networks. Background Technology

[0002] As the final link in the power system, the distribution network directly connects the generation side and the user side. Its safe and stable operation is crucial to ensuring continuous power supply and preventing equipment damage and unexpected power outages. With the expansion of the distribution network, the number of remote terminals (such as FTUs (Feeder Terminal Units) and DTUs (Distribution Terminal Units)) within the grid has surged and their deployment has become more dispersed. Traditional distribution master station systems are limited by the data acquisition range and real-time requirements, making it difficult to fully grasp the complete operating data and real-time status of equipment in medium and low voltage distribution networks. This results in low efficiency in fault detection and handling, becoming a core bottleneck restricting the improvement of power supply reliability.

[0003] The acquisition and handling of existing power distribution network fault information mainly rely on the following two methods: (1) Manual assessment and handling mode by dispatchers. When a large fault occurs, such as when an outgoing switch trips, the dispatcher needs to manually assess the trip range based on the information fed back by the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, and then issue a patrol instruction to the front-line maintenance personnel. After on-site investigation, isolation and emergency repair are carried out. (2) User-reported repair-driven handling mode. When the power is out of the user side, it relies on the customer to report the fault through the hotline. The call center coordinates the maintenance personnel to investigate the fault location on-site step by step and then carry out emergency repair.

[0004] However, both methods have significant technical drawbacks, making it difficult to meet the reliability goals of distribution networks for "minimum outage area and shortest outage time." On the one hand, fault handling heavily relies on manual operation, which is not only time-consuming (especially in complex terrain or remote areas), but also dependent on personnel experience for accurate location, easily leading to delays in repairs. Furthermore, the entire process lacks real-time monitoring, making it impossible for the dispatch center to grasp the repair progress, and outage information dissemination is prone to errors, causing significant impacts on users. On the other hand, inaccurate fault location and delayed isolation strategy development can easily lead to an expansion of the outage area, affecting the power supply of users in non-faulty areas. It also requires a large number of front-line maintenance personnel, resulting in high labor costs and low levels of intelligence, which is inconsistent with the trend of intelligent development of distribution networks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, accurate, and automated distribution network fault location and recovery technology to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as reliance on manual labor, low efficiency, and large outage areas, thereby improving the reliability of distribution network power supply and the level of intelligent fault handling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the Invention: This invention provides a method, system, device, and storage medium for fault location and recovery in power distribution networks. It aims to address the urgent need for efficient, accurate, and automated fault handling technology in power distribution networks, and overcome the shortcomings of existing power distribution network fault handling technologies, such as low fault location accuracy, slow response speed, reliance on manual inspection, large power outage area, and long recovery time. By monitoring the operating conditions of distributed distribution terminals in real time, it automatically maintains and manages the topology relationships of equipment within the power distribution network, enabling rapid identification of single-point faults within the system and providing isolation and recovery strategies.

[0006] Technical Solution: This invention provides a method for locating and restoring faults in a power distribution network, comprising:

[0007] The standard pattern files pre-configured within the distribution network grid are parsed, primary devices with terminals are selected, and the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies are extracted. A topology model is then constructed based on the primary devices and their connection relationships.

[0008] Based on the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table within the grid, the terminal is bound to the primary device, and a communication list of the primary device and terminal is established and maintained.

[0009] Based on the device communication addresses in the communication list of the primary devices and terminals, the terminals of each primary device are polled in parallel to obtain the operating status of the primary devices, the topology model is updated, and the fault information of the primary devices uploaded by the terminals of each primary device is captured.

[0010] Based on the topology model, fault location is performed according to the fault information of each primary device;

[0011] Based on the topology model and the fault location results, a fault isolation strategy is determined.

[0012] Based on the topology model, the recovery strategy is determined and executed according to the availability of backup power and the fault isolation strategy at the time of the fault.

[0013] Furthermore, the construction of the topology model includes: parsing the pre-configured standard graph model file within the distribution network grid; extracting the identifiers of primary devices, filtering out primary devices without deployed terminals, and retaining primary devices with deployed terminals as topology vertices; extracting the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies; determining the root node from the topology vertices; generating an undirected connected graph based on the topology vertices and connection relationships; executing a graph search algorithm starting from the root node in the undirected connected graph to generate a set of shortest paths from the root node to the topology vertices and backup power supplies, thereby forming a topology information table; constructing a topology configuration file based on the configuration information of the topology vertices; and constructing a topology model based on the topology configuration file, the undirected connected graph, and the topology information table.

[0014] Furthermore, the establishment and maintenance of the communication list of primary devices and terminals includes: binding the communication address, device description, and remote signaling, telemetry, and remote control information of each terminal pre-stored in the table to the primary device according to the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table in the grid, thereby forming the communication list of primary devices and terminals; the maintenance is triggered by the following conditions: if a terminal goes offline / online, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is updated; if the communication address of a terminal changes, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is updated; if there are additions or removals of terminal devices, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is rebuilt.

[0015] Furthermore, the parallel polling of the terminals of each primary device to obtain the operating status of the primary device and capture the primary device fault information uploaded by the terminals of each primary device includes: based on the communication addresses of each terminal in the communication list of the primary device and the terminal, after determining that the terminal of the primary device is working normally through parallel polling, obtaining the operating status of the primary device uploaded by the terminal in real time, and periodically capturing the action protection signal of the primary device, and dynamically refreshing the topology model according to the operating status of the primary device; if primary device fault information uploaded by the terminal of the primary device is detected, the primary device, the downstream topology vertex of the primary device, the terminal corresponding to the primary device, and the terminal corresponding to the downstream topology vertex of the primary device are pushed into the fault analysis queue according to the refreshed topology model. The fault analysis queue is used to collect fault information.

[0016] Furthermore, fault information is transmitted in the topology path; the fault location based on the fault information of each device includes: removing primary devices whose terminals have not uploaded fault information from the fault analysis queue; based on the topology model, selecting upstream and downstream topology vertices with fault information transmission from the fault analysis queue after removing primary devices whose terminals have not uploaded fault information, forming topology vertex pairs, including upstream associated nodes and downstream associated nodes. If a topology vertex exists only in the unique topology path from the upstream associated node to the downstream associated node, and there are no additional topology vertices in the path that can be split, then the topology vertex is the final fault node.

[0017] Furthermore, the determination of the fault isolation strategy includes: determining the fault type based on the final fault node; searching and determining the primary devices of the upstream and downstream deployed terminals of the final fault node in the topology model based on the fault type to determine the isolation objects; determining the isolation order by following the principle of disconnecting the primary devices of the downstream deployed terminals first and then disconnecting the primary devices of the upstream deployed terminals; and performing remote isolation and verification through the terminals.

[0018] Furthermore, the determination of the recovery strategy based on the availability of backup power and the fault isolation strategy at the time of the fault includes: dividing the distribution network into one or more isolated subnets according to the location of the isolated primary equipment in the isolation strategy; based on the topology model, if there is downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, traversing the isolated subnets corresponding to each downstream primary equipment of the final fault node; if there is a backup power supply in the isolation subnet with an available status, adding the backup power supply in the isolation subnet to the recovery list; if there is no downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, selecting the backup power supply with the highest priority from the list of backup power supplies with an available status and adding it to the recovery list; and retrieving available backup power supplies upstream from the final fault node along the topology model, and selecting the backup power supply with the highest priority to add to the recovery list to determine the recovery strategy.

[0019] This invention provides a power distribution network fault location and recovery system, comprising:

[0020] The parsing module is used to parse the pre-configured standard diagram files within the distribution network grid, filter out the primary devices configured with terminals, extract the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies, and construct a topology model based on the primary devices and their connection relationships.

[0021] The matching module is used to bind terminals to primary devices according to the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table within the grid, and to establish and maintain the communication list of primary devices and terminals.

[0022] The fault acquisition module is used to obtain the operating status of each primary device by polling the terminal of each primary device in parallel according to the device communication address in the communication list of the primary device and the terminal, update the topology model, and capture the primary device fault information uploaded by the terminal of each primary device.

[0023] The positioning module is used to locate faults based on the topology model and the fault information of each primary device.

[0024] The isolation module is used to determine the fault isolation strategy based on the topology model and the fault location results.

[0025] The recovery module is used to determine and execute the recovery strategy based on the topology model, the availability of backup power at the time of the fault, and the fault isolation strategy.

[0026] Furthermore, in the parsing module, the construction of the topology model includes: parsing the pre-configured standard graph model file within the distribution network grid; extracting the identifiers of primary devices, filtering out primary devices without deployed terminals, and retaining primary devices with deployed terminals as topology vertices; extracting the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies; determining the root node from the topology vertices; generating an undirected connected graph based on the topology vertices and connection relationships; executing a graph search algorithm starting from the root node in the undirected connected graph to generate a set of shortest paths from the root node to the topology vertices and backup power supplies, thereby forming a topology information table; constructing a topology configuration file based on the configuration information of the topology vertices; and constructing a topology model based on the topology configuration file, the undirected connected graph, and the topology information table.

[0027] Furthermore, in the matching module, the establishment and maintenance of the communication list of primary devices and terminals includes: binding the communication address, device description, and remote signaling, telemetry, and remote control information of each terminal pre-stored in the table to the primary device according to the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table in the grid, forming a communication list of primary devices and terminals; the maintenance is triggered by the following conditions: if a terminal is offline / online, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is updated; if the communication address of a terminal changes, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is updated; if there are additions or removals of terminal devices, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is rebuilt.

[0028] Furthermore, in the fault acquisition module, the parallel polling of the terminals of each primary device to obtain the operating status of the primary device and capture the primary device fault information uploaded by the terminals of each primary device includes: based on the communication addresses of each terminal in the communication list of the primary device and the terminal, after determining that the terminal of the primary device is working normally through parallel polling, obtaining the operating status of the primary device uploaded by the terminal in real time, and periodically capturing the action protection signal of the primary device, and dynamically refreshing the topology model according to the operating status of the primary device; if primary device fault information uploaded by the terminal of the primary device is detected, the primary device, the downstream topology vertex of the primary device, the terminal corresponding to the primary device, and the terminal corresponding to the downstream topology vertex of the primary device are pushed into the fault analysis queue according to the refreshed topology model. The fault analysis queue is used to collect fault information.

[0029] Furthermore, fault information is transmitted in the topology path; in the positioning module, the fault positioning based on the fault information of each device includes: removing primary devices whose terminals have not uploaded fault information from the fault analysis queue; based on the topology model, selecting upstream and downstream topology vertices with fault information transmission from the fault analysis queue after removing primary devices whose terminals have not uploaded fault information, forming topology vertex pairs, including upstream associated nodes and downstream associated nodes. If a topology vertex exists only in the unique topology path from the upstream associated node to the downstream associated node, and there are no additional topology vertices in the path that can be split, then the topology vertex is the final fault node.

[0030] Furthermore, in the isolation module, determining the fault isolation strategy includes: determining the fault type based on the final fault node; based on the fault type, searching and determining the primary devices of the upstream and downstream deployed terminals of the final fault node in the topology model to determine the isolation objects; determining the isolation order by following the principle of disconnecting the primary devices of the downstream deployed terminals first, and then disconnecting the primary devices of the upstream deployed terminals; and performing remote isolation and verification through the terminal.

[0031] Furthermore, in the recovery module, the determination of the recovery strategy based on the availability of backup power and the fault isolation strategy at the time of the fault includes: dividing the distribution network into one or more isolated subnets according to the location of the isolated primary equipment in the isolation strategy; based on the topology model, if there is downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, traversing the isolated subnets corresponding to each downstream primary equipment of the final fault node; if there is a backup power in the isolation subnet with an available state, adding the backup power in the isolation subnet to the recovery list; if there is no downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, selecting the backup power with the highest priority from the list of backup power in the available state and adding it to the recovery list; and retrieving available backup power upstream from the final fault node along the topology model, and selecting the backup power with the highest priority to add it to the recovery list to determine the recovery strategy.

[0032] The present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0033] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0034] Beneficial effects: This invention provides a method, system, equipment, and storage medium for fault location and recovery in power distribution networks. Compared with existing technologies, this invention relies on topology models to locate faults, replacing the traditional manual line inspection mode and avoiding errors in experience-based judgment. Through a process of locating faults first and then isolating them, isolation strategies are formulated based on the fault location results, replacing the subjective judgment of maintenance personnel and effectively avoiding the expansion of the power outage area due to excessive isolation, thus achieving precise isolation of the fault area. By formulating recovery strategies based on fault isolation and backup power status, disordered backup power scheduling is avoided, enabling non-faulty areas to quickly restore power supply and improving power supply continuity. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the fault detection and recovery process of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 Export a single-source undirected connected graph from an SVG file.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the BFS traversal algorithm.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker output fault.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a line fault.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a busbar fault.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating a terminal or end-point fault. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. After reading the present invention, any modifications of the present invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0043] This invention provides a method for locating and restoring faults in a power distribution network, comprising:

[0044] The standard pattern files pre-configured within the distribution network grid are parsed, primary devices with terminals are selected, and the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies are extracted. A topology model is then constructed based on the primary devices and their connection relationships.

[0045] Based on the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table within the grid, the terminal is bound to the primary device, and a communication list of the primary device and terminal is established and maintained.

[0046] Based on the device communication addresses in the communication list of the primary devices and terminals, the terminals of each primary device are polled in parallel to obtain the operating status of the primary devices, the topology model is updated, and the fault information of the primary devices uploaded by the terminals of each primary device is captured.

[0047] Based on the topology model, fault location is performed according to the fault information of each primary device;

[0048] Based on the topology model and the fault location results, a fault isolation strategy is determined.

[0049] Based on the topology model, the recovery strategy is determined and executed according to the availability of backup power and the fault isolation strategy at the time of the fault.

[0050] In smart grid information systems, the increasing number of devices and their distributed and heterogeneous characteristics necessitate enhancing interoperability to promote information sharing and interaction. Therefore, in smart grid dispatch and control systems, CIM / E (Graphical Description Model / Electricity Model) is typically used to achieve integrated maintenance and device description of grid graphics between adjacent or hierarchical control centers. Currently, grid dispatch automation systems utilize Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) files / Common Information Model (CIM) for graphical interoperability, enabling dynamic conversion between Energy Management System (EMS) graphic files and SVG files. SVG files comprehensively describe the types, attributes, global asset numbers, and connection relationships of all managed devices in the grid system.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention imports a drawing file and checks whether the drawing file conforms to the IEC 61970 CIM standard. If it does not conform, it is re-imported.

[0052] In a typical SVG file, keywords <layer>This is used to distinguish the types, descriptions, and connection relationships of graphical elements. Based on the element ID, the type of primary equipment to which the graphic belongs can be determined, such as lines, transformers, loads, generators, energy terminals, buses, fuses, circuit breakers, and disconnectors. For approved graphical models, a hash table data structure is constructed with the primary equipment ID as the key and the equipment description and connection relationship as the value. The IDs and contents of the graphical model elements are traversed to parse the SVG file, filtering out primary equipment such as loads, buses, transformers, and energy terminals that do not have deployed terminals (FTUs in this embodiment, i.e., distribution terminal units). Only primary equipment with deployed FTUs is retained as topology vertices. The device connection relationships of each primary equipment with deployed FTUs in the network are converted into topology edges. The embedded device descriptions, IDs, and GLink connection information of each element are parsed according to Layer classification, and the parsing results are stored in the hash table, forming the complete vertex set required for subsequent undirected graph traversal. The backup power supply in the hash table is used as an independent topology vertex, and the backup power supply is connected to the access point of the primary equipment.

[0053] Next, the device objects in the inter-terminal topology model are determined, including the root node, the primary equipment for deploying the FTU, and the backup power supply.

[0054] In the SVG file, there is only one root node globally, namely the incoming power switch (Breaker_Layer). This incoming power switch acts as the power supply switch for the distribution grid and is normally closed. It provides the conductive connections of all other devices within the grid through Glink information. The root node is represented in the SVG file as follows:

[0055]

[0056] FTUs are typically deployed on primary equipment such as line switches, pole-mounted switches, and three-position switches. In SVG files, they are represented by Disconnector_Layer, CompositeSwitch_Layer, and LoadBreakSwitch_Layer. The connection relationships between each primary device and other devices are represented by Glink. The representation of each switch is shown below:

[0057]

[0058] Backup power supplies are represented in SVG files as Hot_Layer or Feeder_Layer, and can be accessed via... The link finds the target object, which represents the connected device ID. The backup power supply is represented in the SVG file as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Starting from the root node, add the device connections of the root node to the undirected graph. Then, starting from each device connected to the root node, add devices with connections to those connected to the root node to the undirected graph. Repeat this process, starting from newly added devices and adding devices with connections to them, until all devices in the hash table are added to the undirected graph. This generates an active undirected graph. Figure 2 As shown, it includes one 110KV incoming line switch and four backup power supplies. The 110KV incoming line switch is the root node, and A0-A5, B1-B2, C1-C7, D1-D7, and E1-E3 are the primary devices for deploying FTUs in the undirected graph during intermediate processes.

[0061] Using the root node as the source node and the primary device where the remote terminal is deployed as the destination node, perform a BFS search to traverse the path from the root node to each topology vertex and the independent topology vertices (primary devices and backup power supplies in the active undirected graph), and write the topology path information into the topology information table.

[0062] Specifically, based on the actual characteristics of power systems, active undirected graphs do not have self-cycles (edges with the same starting and ending point), and there is no more than one edge between any two vertices. By traversing the graph, access paths based on each object can be found.

[0063] The method for restoring link connections involves parsing the active undirected graph. This parsing method employs graph search algorithms, such as Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS). This embodiment uses Breadth-First Search (BFS). Figure 3 As shown, BFS starts from the root vertex 0 (i.e., the incoming circuit breaker node) of the active undirected graph and expands radially in a hierarchical order, ensuring that each topology vertex is visited only once. The resulting edge sequence is the shortest path from the source node to each primary device and backup power supply. This set of paths provides a baseline path for subsequent fault location. After BFS search, the IDs of all topology vertices traversed from the source node to each topology vertex are recorded sequentially, and the results are written into a simplified topology file to establish a topology information table for direct use by fault location, isolation, and recovery strategies. A topology configuration file is constructed based on the device configuration information. The topology configuration file includes the device information of the primary devices where FTUs are deployed, the online / offline status of the FTUs, the operating flags (tagged / maintained / out of service) of the primary devices (switches), the real-time load level and priority of the backup power supply, the measurement information uploaded by the FTUs, and the protection action signals of the primary devices. A topology model is constructed based on the topology configuration file, the active undirected graph, and the topology information table.

[0064] Determine the correctness of the topology; if incorrect, revise the schematic file. Based on the correct topology path information, initiate backup power supply maintenance, check switch status, and listen for fault messages.

[0065] Start backup power maintenance: Generate a backup power list based on the topology file information, calculate the backup switches connected to each power source in the backup power list, determine the operating status of each backup switch, and if the backup switch is actually in the closed position, locked, unavailable, or in a communication abnormal state, delete the switch from the backup power list; otherwise, collect the real-time power of the backup power sources, and sort the valid backup power list according to the pre-issued backup power priority and the current real-time load power.

[0066] Check the status of the switch: Based on the pre-configured correspondence table of primary equipment and terminals within the distribution network grid, bind the communication address, equipment description, and remote control information of each terminal pre-stored in the table to the primary equipment to form a communication list of primary equipment and terminals; the remote control information includes remote signaling information, remote measurement information, and remote control information. The remote signaling information includes the switch position and protection action signal; the remote measurement includes the current of this line segment, used to determine whether a fault has occurred in the line under the switch and whether overcurrent information has been detected; the remote control information is used to initiate remote control commands to the equipment and execute switch opening and closing operations. Based on the communication addresses of each terminal in the communication list of the primary equipment and terminals, the terminals of each primary equipment are polled in parallel to check for abnormal tripping, maintenance lockout, and communication anomalies. Telemetry and telematics information is obtained, and the operating status of the grid switch (such as tagging, maintenance, and withdrawal) is obtained from the automation master station platform. The load level of the backup power supply is dynamically understood, and the priority of the backup power supply is calculated based on factors such as the load rate, available capacity, response speed, and power supply reliability. The online / offline status of the FTU, the operating flag (tagging / maintenance / withdrawal) of the primary equipment (switch), and the real-time load level and priority of the backup power supply are written into the topology configuration file to update the topology model. The trigger conditions for maintaining the communication list of primary equipment and terminals are: if the terminal is offline / online, the communication list of primary equipment and terminals is updated; if the communication address of the terminal changes, the communication list of primary equipment and terminals is updated; if there are additions or removals of terminal equipment, the communication list of primary equipment and terminals is rebuilt.

[0067] Monitoring fault information: When the terminal corresponding to the incoming line switch is online, the operating status of the incoming line switch is obtained by polling. The protection action signal of the incoming line switch is captured periodically. By listening to the protection action signal of the incoming line switch, the protection reclosing and position information of the incoming line switch are obtained. If the reclosing is successful and the circuit breaker is not in the open position, it means that fault information has been detected, and the monitoring of fault information continues. Otherwise, according to the updated topology model, the incoming line switch, the downstream topology vertex of the incoming line switch, the terminal corresponding to the incoming line switch, and the terminal corresponding to the downstream topology vertex of the incoming line switch are pushed into the fault analysis queue. The fault analysis queue is used to collect fault information.

[0068] Initiate fault location, receive fault overcurrent information, and after a 15-second collection period, calculate the final fault node. Fault location essentially involves comparing and locking down the smallest associated node that uniquely covers the fault signal and has no other split devices based on the fault information uploaded by the FTU. Specifically, this includes: first, extracting all fault information uploaded by the FTU (e.g., overcurrent > protection setting, zero-sequence current exceeding limit, switch tripping, short-circuit waveform, etc.); removing primary devices from the fault analysis queue that have not uploaded fault information (e.g., main power supply with only current fluctuations, backup power supply without abnormalities); and since fault information can be transmitted along the circuit path (radial grids transmit unidirectionally from the fault point to the power source, while ring grids can transmit bidirectionally), based on the topology model, selecting topology vertices with fault information transmission between upstream and downstream, forming topology vertex pairs, including upstream and downstream associated nodes, for example:

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, the upstream associated node is transformer #1 (e.g., A1). The FTU data shows "low-voltage side overcurrent (e.g., 500A > rated 100A), zero-sequence current over-limit (e.g., 0.8A > 0.3A), switch not tripped (alarm only)", indicating that the fault is downstream of it, and this node is the upstream monitoring point of the fault current, i.e., the upstream associated node.

[0070] Downstream associated node: 2# distribution switch (e.g., B2). FTU data shows "incoming line overcurrent (e.g., 480A), switch has tripped, fault waveform is three-phase short circuit waveform", indicating that the fault is upstream of it, and this node is the downstream blocking point of the fault current, i.e., the downstream associated node.

[0071] Next, the final fault node is identified. If a topological vertex exists only in the unique topological path from the upstream associated node to the downstream associated node, and there are no additional topological vertices in the path that can be split (such as sectionalizing switches or ring main units), then the topological vertex is the final fault node.

[0072] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the topology model, the low-voltage output terminal of transformer #1 and the input terminal of distribution switch #2 are directly connected by a line. Apart from this single topological vertex, there are no other devices (no other switches or transformers) in between, making it impossible to further subdivide into smaller topological vertices. Therefore, the final fault node is topological vertex B1 in the line between the low-voltage output terminal of transformer #1 and the input terminal of distribution switch #2, i.e., the core node (B1) through which the fault current flows only and has no other branches.

[0073] Next, based on the fault location of the final fault node, the fault type is determined and categorized into circuit breaker outlet fault, line fault, bus fault, and terminal or end-point fault. An isolation strategy is then determined based on the fault type and the topology model: The primary devices with deployed terminals upstream and downstream of the final fault node are searched and identified in the topology model to determine the isolation targets. The isolation sequence is determined by first disconnecting the primary devices with deployed terminals downstream, and then disconnecting the primary devices with deployed terminals upstream. Remote isolation and verification are then performed through the terminals.

[0074] For example: Based on the upstream and downstream relationships of the fault node, identify the two key disconnect switches on both sides of the fault node. Both are pole-mounted switches, belonging to the boundary points of their respective equipment: Upstream disconnect switch: Pole-mounted circuit breaker on the low-voltage side of transformer #1, responsible for cutting off the power supply from the main grid to the fault node; Downstream disconnect switch: Pole-mounted load switch at the incoming end of distribution switch #2, responsible for cutting off the current feedback from the fault node to the user load. Fault isolation must follow the principle of disconnecting the downstream first, then the upstream, to avoid feedback arcing at the fault node during operation: First, remotely confirm via FTU that the incoming end of the downstream disconnect switch has tripped (because the switch has already activated its protection during the fault, it is necessary to confirm the open status first to avoid repeated operation); then, remotely send a command to disconnect the upstream low-voltage side disconnect switch, cutting off the power supply from the main power source to the fault node; finally, verify the status of the switches on both sides again via FTU: if the remote signaling shows the open position and the remote measurement shows the current is 0, if both the upstream and downstream disconnect switches show open, and the FTU current data at both ends of the fault node is 0A, then it is confirmed that the fault node is completely isolated from the grid; otherwise, manual intervention is required.

[0075] Optionally, after isolating the faulty node, if there are user loads downstream, power can be supplied to the non-faulty loads through the backup power supply to the backup circuit of the emergency energy storage, thus avoiding a large-scale power outage.

[0076] Specifically, fault types are categorized into circuit breaker output faults, line faults, bus faults, and terminal or end-point faults, such as... Figures 4 to 7 As shown in the figure, S1 represents the root node circuit breaker, S2 and S3 represent the backup power supply, A1-A12 and B1-B15 represent the primary equipment where the FTU is deployed, and the arrows indicate the area where the fault occurs.

[0077] One type of fault is a circuit breaker output fault. For this type of fault, only the fault information of the root node circuit breaker is collected during the fault collection period. Figure 4 As shown, during the fault collection period, a protection action signal was received from the root node circuit breaker S1, indicating that the root node circuit breaker S1 tripped and failed to reclose. No fault information was reported from other topology vertices, indicating that the fault occurred in... Figure 4 In the area between S1 and A1, S1 is the final fault node. According to the isolation strategy, A1 is disconnected to isolate the fault.

[0078] The second type of fault is a line fault. This type of fault occurs when fault information is received at a specific topology vertex on the line during the fault collection period, such as... Figure 5 As shown, during the fault collection time, overcurrent information was received from a certain topology vertex on the line. Specifically, the protection signal of the root node circuit breaker S1 was received, indicating that the S1 switch tripped. Among other topology vertices, A1 and A2 both had overcurrent information. According to the structure of the topology model, A2 is the upstream associated node and A3 is the downstream associated node. The fault occurred on the line from A2 to A3. According to the isolation strategy, the switches at A2 and A3 were disconnected to isolate the fault.

[0079] The third type of fault is a bus fault. This type of fault occurs when fault information is received from a topological vertex on a bus during the fault collection period, such as... Figure 6 As shown, during the fault collection time, overcurrent information was received from an incoming switch on a certain bus. Specifically, the protection action signal of the root node circuit breaker was received, indicating that the root node circuit breaker S1 had tripped and failed to reclose. Among the other topology vertices, A1 had overcurrent information, while the other topology vertices did not receive overcurrent information. According to the structure of the topology model, A1 is an upstream associated node, and B1 and B2 are downstream associated nodes. The fault point is on the bus that A1, B1, and B2 are connected to. Therefore, according to the isolation strategy, all downstream primary equipment of A1, B1, and B2 are disconnected to isolate the faulty bus.

[0080] The fourth type of fault is a terminal or end-device fault. This type of fault occurs when fault information is received from a terminal or end-device during the fault collection period, such as... Figure 7 As shown, during the fault collection time, an overcurrent information was received from a certain switch. This switch had no downstream switches in the closed position. Specifically, the protection action signal of the root node circuit breaker was received, indicating that the root node circuit breaker S1 had tripped and failed to reclose. Among other topology vertices, A1, A2, A3, and B3 had overcurrent information, but no other node overcurrent information was received. Based on the structure of the topology model, the fault occurred on the downstream load side of B3. Therefore, according to the isolation strategy, B3 was disconnected to isolate the fault. In another scenario, the protection action signal of the root node circuit breaker was received, indicating that the root node circuit breaker S1 had tripped and failed to reclose. Among other topology vertices, A1, A2, A3, and B4 had overcurrent information, indicating that the fault occurred at the end of the line, B4. Therefore, according to the isolation strategy, switch B4 was disconnected to isolate the end-of-line fault.

[0081] Isolation is to completely sever the bidirectional connection between the faulty node and the power grid. The overall strategy for fault isolation can be summarized as follows: if the incoming circuit breaker trips or fails to reclose, within the fault collection time, after collecting the overcurrent information uploaded by the fault path FTU, the device ID of the line where the fault ultimately occurred is calculated. Based on the topology model, the switch and all switches under its jurisdiction are tripped to complete the fault isolation of the line.

[0082] Next, a fault isolation plan is released, fault isolation actions are executed, and a fault recovery strategy is initiated.

[0083] The fault recovery strategy involves determining the fault recovery subnet, identifying the closing switch based on the recovery subnet and the backup power supply list, issuing the recovery strategy, executing the recovery actions, and publishing the execution results.

[0084] Based on the location of the isolated primary equipment in the isolation strategy, the distribution network is divided into one or more isolated subnets. Based on the topology model, if the final fault node has downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, the isolated subnets corresponding to each downstream primary equipment are traversed. If a backup power source in an available state exists within the isolated subnet (the backup power source is an independent topology vertex, with a clearly defined access point connecting the backup power source to the primary equipment), the backup power source in the isolated subnet is added to the recovery list. If the backup power source is not an independent vertex or has no clearly defined access point, its location cannot be located through the topology model, causing the recovery strategy to fail. If the final fault node does not have downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, the highest priority backup power source is selected from the list of available backup power sources and added to the recovery list. Available backup power sources are retrieved upstream from the final fault node along the topology model, and the highest priority backup power source is selected and added to the recovery list to determine the recovery strategy.

[0085] Specifically, based on the isolation strategy, the distribution network grid is divided according to the number of tripped switches to determine the segmentation status, so as to divide the isolation subnetwork, formulate the recovery strategy, and determine the fault recovery list;

[0086] Let the faulty node be A, and there are n (n>0) downstream switches of A that have been tripped. Then, dividing the isolation subnet requires traversing the downstream networks of these n nodes and determining whether these subnets are recoverable.

[0087] First, it calculates whether each topological vertex in the topology model has a usable backup power source below it. If there is no backup power source, the vertex is skipped, and the process continues to check if the next vertex has a usable backup power source. The calculation result is added to the recovery list. If there is no usable backup power source, the recovery strategy cannot be determined, and a manual emergency repair notification is triggered. Figure 2 As shown, if the final fault node is A3, the fault type is bus fault, that is, the fault of the bus below A3, and the topology vertices that are tripped are D1~D5, then D1~D5 are traversed respectively to determine whether there are any available backup power supplies. It is determined that there are 2 available backup power supplies, namely backup power supply 3 and backup power supply 4.

[0088] If n is 0, it means that the final fault node is the endpoint. The fault does not affect the operation of other topological vertices in the original mesh. The recovery method is to find the highest priority backup power source from the list of backup power sources in the entire network and restore it.

[0089] Simultaneously, starting from the final failed node, the topology model is traversed backwards to find a backup power source in the forward available state of the final failed node, which serves as the forward recovery network. For example... Figure 2 As shown, if the fault termination point is A3, the backup power supply 1 and backup power supply 2 obtained by searching forward from A3 according to the topology model are used as the available recovery list. The optimal power supply is then found from these two power supplies and added to the recovery list. In summary, when A3 fails, the fault recovery list is: the optimal power supply among backup power supply 1 and 2, backup power supply 3, and backup power supply 4.

[0090] Based on the isolation and recovery strategies, perform tripping and closing operations on the circuit breakers, and publish the execution results based on the operation results.

[0091] This invention monitors the operating conditions of distributed power distribution terminals in real time, automatically maintains and manages the topology of equipment within the distribution network grid, and enables automatic fault identification, precise isolation, and rapid restoration of power supply to non-faulty areas via cross-regional backup lines, significantly improving the fault handling efficiency and power supply reliability of the fixed topology grid of the distribution network.

[0092] The present invention also provides a power distribution network fault location and recovery system, comprising:

[0093] The parsing module is used to parse the pre-configured standard diagram files within the distribution network grid, filter out the primary devices configured with terminals, extract the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies, and construct a topology model based on the primary devices and their connection relationships.

[0094] The matching module is used to bind terminals to primary devices according to the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table within the grid, and to establish and maintain the communication list of primary devices and terminals.

[0095] The fault acquisition module is used to obtain the operating status of each primary device by polling the terminal of each primary device in parallel according to the device communication address in the communication list of the primary device and the terminal, update the topology model, and capture the primary device fault information uploaded by the terminal of each primary device.

[0096] The positioning module is used to locate faults based on the topology model and the fault information of each primary device.

[0097] The isolation module is used to determine the fault isolation strategy based on the topology model and the fault location results.

[0098] The recovery module is used to determine and execute the recovery strategy based on the topology model, the availability of backup power at the time of the fault, and the fault isolation strategy.

[0099] In smart grid information systems, the increasing number of devices and their distributed and heterogeneous characteristics necessitate enhancing interoperability to promote information sharing and interaction. Therefore, in smart grid dispatch and control systems, CIM / E (Graphical Description Model / Electricity Model) is typically used to achieve integrated maintenance and device description of grid graphics between adjacent or hierarchical control centers. Currently, grid dispatch automation systems utilize Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) files / Common Information Model (CIM) for graphical interoperability, enabling dynamic conversion between Energy Management System (EMS) graphic files and SVG files. SVG files comprehensively describe the types, attributes, global asset numbers, and connection relationships of all managed devices in the grid system.

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown, the parsing module checks whether the imported drawing file conforms to the IEC 61970 CIM standard. If it does not conform, it is re-imported.

[0101] In a typical SVG file, keywords <layer>This is used to distinguish the types, descriptions, and connection relationships of graphical elements. Based on the element ID, the type of primary equipment to which the graphic belongs can be determined, such as lines, transformers, loads, generators, energy terminals, buses, fuses, circuit breakers, and disconnectors. For approved graphical models, a hash table data structure is constructed with the primary equipment ID as the key and the equipment description and connection relationship as the value. The IDs and contents of the graphical model elements are traversed to parse the SVG file, filtering out primary equipment such as loads, buses, transformers, and energy terminals that do not have deployed terminals (FTUs in this embodiment, i.e., distribution terminal units). Only primary equipment with deployed FTUs is retained as topology vertices. The device connection relationships of each primary equipment with deployed FTUs in the network are converted into topology edges. The embedded device descriptions, IDs, and GLink connection information of each element are parsed according to Layer classification, and the parsing results are stored in the hash table, forming the complete vertex set required for subsequent undirected graph traversal. The backup power supply in the hash table is used as an independent topology vertex, and the backup power supply is connected to the access point of the primary equipment.

[0102] Next, the device objects in the inter-terminal topology model are determined, including the root node, the primary equipment for deploying the FTU, and the backup power supply.

[0103] In the SVG file, there is only one root node globally, namely the incoming power switch (Breaker_Layer). This incoming power switch acts as the power supply switch for the distribution grid and is normally closed. It provides the conductive connections of all other devices within the grid through Glink information. The root node is represented in the SVG file as follows:

[0104]

[0105] FTUs are typically deployed on primary equipment such as line switches, pole-mounted switches, and three-position switches. In SVG files, they are represented by Disconnector_Layer, CompositeSwitch_Layer, and LoadBreakSwitch_Layer. The connection relationships between each primary device and other devices are represented by Glink. The representation of each switch is shown below:

[0106]

[0107] Backup power supplies are represented in SVG files as Hot_Layer or Feeder_Layer, and can be accessed via... The link finds the target object, which represents the connected device ID. The backup power supply is represented in the SVG file as follows:

[0108]

[0109] Starting from the root node, add the device connections of the root node to the undirected graph. Then, starting from each device connected to the root node, add devices with connections to those connected to the root node to the undirected graph. Repeat this process, starting from newly added devices and adding devices with connections to them, until all devices in the hash table are added to the undirected graph. This generates an active undirected graph. Figure 2 As shown, it includes one 110KV incoming line switch and four backup power supplies. The 110KV incoming line switch is the root node, and A0-A5, B1-B2, C1-C7, D1-D7, and E1-E3 are devices for adding undirected graphs in the intermediate process.

[0110] Using the root node as the source node and the primary device where the remote terminal is deployed as the destination node, perform a BFS search to traverse the path from the root node to each topology vertex and the independent topology vertices (primary devices and backup power supplies in the active undirected graph), and write the topology path information into the topology information table.

[0111] Specifically, based on the actual characteristics of power systems, active undirected graphs do not have self-cycles (edges with the same starting and ending point), and there is no more than one edge between any two vertices. By traversing the graph, access paths based on each object can be found.

[0112] The method for restoring link connections involves parsing the active undirected graph. This parsing method employs graph search algorithms, such as Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS). This embodiment uses Breadth-First Search (BFS). Figure 3 As shown, BFS starts from the root vertex 0 (i.e., the incoming circuit breaker node) of the active undirected graph and expands radially in a hierarchical order, ensuring that each topology vertex is visited only once. The resulting edge sequence is the shortest path from the source node to each primary device and backup power supply. This set of paths provides a baseline path for subsequent fault location. After BFS search, the IDs of all topology vertices traversed from the source node to each topology vertex are recorded sequentially, and the results are written into a simplified topology file to establish a topology information table for direct use by fault location, isolation, and recovery strategies. A topology configuration file is constructed based on the device configuration information. The topology configuration file includes the device information of the primary devices where FTUs are deployed, the online / offline status of the FTUs, the operating flags (tagged / maintained / out of service) of the primary devices (switches), the real-time load level and priority of the backup power supply, the measurement information uploaded by the FTUs, and the protection action signals of the primary devices. A topology model is constructed based on the topology configuration file, the active undirected graph, and the topology information table.

[0113] Determine the correctness of the topology; if incorrect, revise the schematic file. Based on the correct topology path information, initiate backup power supply maintenance, check switch status, and listen for fault messages.

[0114] Start backup power maintenance: Generate a backup power list based on the topology file information, calculate the backup switches connected to each power source in the backup power list, determine the operating status of each backup switch, and if the backup switch is actually in the closed position, locked, unavailable, or in a communication abnormal state, delete the switch from the backup power list; otherwise, collect the real-time power of the backup power sources, and sort the valid backup power list according to the pre-issued backup power priority and the current real-time load power.

[0115] In the matching module, the status of the switch is checked: based on the pre-configured correspondence table of primary equipment and terminals within the distribution network grid, the communication address, equipment description, and remote sensing information of each terminal pre-stored in the table are bound to the primary equipment to form a communication list of primary equipment and terminals; the remote sensing information includes remote signaling information, remote measurement information, and remote control information. The remote signaling information includes the switch position and protection action signal; the remote measurement includes the current of the current line segment, used to determine whether a fault has occurred in the line under the switch and whether overcurrent information has been detected; the remote control information is used to initiate remote control commands to the equipment and execute switch opening and closing operations. Based on the communication addresses of each terminal in the communication list of the primary equipment and terminals, the terminals of each primary equipment are polled in parallel to check for abnormal tripping, maintenance lockout, and communication anomalies. Telemetry and telematics information is obtained, and the operating status of the grid switch (such as tagging, maintenance, and withdrawal) is obtained from the automation master station platform. The load level of the backup power supply is dynamically understood, and the priority of the backup power supply is calculated based on factors such as the load rate, available capacity, response speed, and power supply reliability. The online / offline status of the FTU, the operating flag (tagging / maintenance / withdrawal) of the primary equipment (switch), and the real-time load level and priority of the backup power supply are written into the topology configuration file to update the topology model. The trigger conditions for maintaining the communication list of primary equipment and terminals are: if the terminal is offline / online, the communication list of primary equipment and terminals is updated; if the communication address of the terminal changes, the communication list of primary equipment and terminals is updated; if there are additions or removals of terminal equipment, the communication list of primary equipment and terminals is rebuilt.

[0116] In the fault acquisition module, fault information is monitored: when the terminal corresponding to the incoming line switch is online, the operating status of the incoming line switch is obtained based on polling, and the protection action signal of the incoming line switch is captured periodically. By monitoring the protection action signal of the incoming line switch, the protection reclosing and position information of the incoming line switch are obtained. If the reclosing is successful and the circuit breaker is not in the open position, it means that fault information has been detected, and the monitoring of fault information continues. Otherwise, according to the refreshed topology model, the incoming line switch, the downstream topology vertex of the incoming line switch, the terminal corresponding to the incoming line switch, and the terminal corresponding to the downstream topology vertex of the incoming line switch are pushed into the fault analysis queue. The fault analysis queue is used to collect fault information.

[0117] In the fault location module, fault location is initiated, and fault overcurrent information is received. After a 15-second collection period, the final fault node is calculated. Fault location essentially involves comparing and locking down the smallest associated node that uniquely covers the fault signal and has no other split devices based on the fault information uploaded by the FTU. Specifically, this includes: first, extracting all fault information uploaded by the FTU (e.g., overcurrent > protection setting, zero-sequence current exceeding limit, switch tripping, short-circuit waveform, etc.); then removing primary devices from the fault analysis queue that have not uploaded fault information (e.g., main power supply with only current fluctuations, backup power supply without abnormalities); and since fault information can be transmitted in the circuit path (radial grids transmit unidirectionally from the fault point to the power supply side, while ring grids can transmit bidirectionally), based on the topology model, filtering out topology vertices with fault information transmission between upstream and downstream, forming topology vertex pairs, including upstream and downstream associated nodes, for example:

[0118] like Figure 2 As shown, the upstream associated node is transformer #1 (e.g., A1). The FTU data shows "low-voltage side overcurrent (e.g., 500A > rated 100A), zero-sequence current over-limit (e.g., 0.8A > 0.3A), switch not tripped (alarm only)", indicating that the fault is downstream of it, and this node is the upstream monitoring point of the fault current, i.e., the upstream associated node.

[0119] Downstream associated node: 2# distribution switch (e.g., B2). FTU data shows "incoming line overcurrent (e.g., 480A), switch has tripped, fault waveform is three-phase short circuit waveform", indicating that the fault is upstream of it, and this node is the downstream blocking point of the fault current, i.e., the downstream associated node.

[0120] Next, the final fault node is identified. If a topological vertex exists only in the unique topological path from the upstream associated node to the downstream associated node, and there are no additional topological vertices in the path that can be split (such as sectionalizing switches or ring main units), then the topological vertex is the final fault node.

[0121] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the topology model, the low-voltage output terminal of transformer #1 and the input terminal of distribution switch #2 are directly connected by a line. Apart from this single topological vertex, there are no other devices (no other switches or transformers) in between, making it impossible to further subdivide into smaller topological vertices. Therefore, the final fault node is topological vertex B1 in the line between the low-voltage output terminal of transformer #1 and the input terminal of distribution switch #2, i.e., the core node (B1) through which the fault current flows only and has no other branches.

[0122] In the isolation module, the fault type is determined based on the fault location of the final fault node, and the fault type is divided into circuit breaker outlet fault, line fault, bus fault, and terminal or end fault. The isolation strategy is determined based on the fault type and the topology model: based on the fault type, the primary equipment of the upstream and downstream terminals of the final fault node is searched and determined in the topology model to determine the isolation objects; the isolation order is determined by following the principle of disconnecting the primary equipment of the downstream terminals first and then the primary equipment of the upstream terminals; remote isolation and verification are performed through the terminals.

[0123] For example: Based on the upstream and downstream relationships of the fault node, identify the two key disconnect switches on both sides of the fault node. Both are pole-mounted switches, belonging to the boundary points of their respective equipment: Upstream disconnect switch: Pole-mounted circuit breaker on the low-voltage side of transformer #1, responsible for cutting off the power supply from the main grid to the fault node; Downstream disconnect switch: Pole-mounted load switch at the incoming end of distribution switch #2, responsible for cutting off the current feedback from the fault node to the user load. Fault isolation must follow the principle of disconnecting the downstream first, then the upstream, to avoid feedback arcing at the fault node during operation: First, remotely confirm via FTU that the incoming end of the downstream disconnect switch has tripped (because the switch has already activated its protection during the fault, it is necessary to confirm the open status first to avoid repeated operation); then, remotely send a command to disconnect the upstream low-voltage side disconnect switch, cutting off the power supply from the main power source to the fault node; finally, verify the status of the switches on both sides again via FTU: if the remote signaling shows the open position and the remote measurement shows the current is 0, if both the upstream and downstream disconnect switches show open, and the FTU current data at both ends of the fault node is 0A, then it is confirmed that the fault node is completely isolated from the grid; otherwise, manual intervention is required.

[0124] Optionally, after isolating the faulty node, if there are user loads downstream, power can be supplied to the non-faulty loads through the backup power supply to the backup circuit of the emergency energy storage, thus avoiding a large-scale power outage.

[0125] Specifically, fault types are categorized into circuit breaker output faults, line faults, bus faults, and terminal or end-point faults, such as... Figures 4 to 7 As shown in the figure, S1 represents the root node circuit breaker, S2 and S3 represent the backup power supply, A1-A12 and B1-B15 represent the primary equipment where the FTU is deployed, and the arrows indicate the area where the fault occurs.

[0126] One type of fault is a circuit breaker output fault. For this type of fault, only the fault information of the root node circuit breaker is collected during the fault collection period. Figure 4 As shown, during the fault collection period, a protection action signal was received from the root node circuit breaker S1, indicating that the root node circuit breaker S1 tripped and failed to reclose. No fault information was reported from other topology vertices, indicating that the fault occurred in... Figure 4 In the area between S1 and A1, S1 is the final fault node. According to the isolation strategy, A1 is disconnected to isolate the fault.

[0127] The second type of fault is a line fault. This type of fault occurs when fault information is received at a specific topology vertex on the line during the fault collection period, such as... Figure 5 As shown, during the fault collection time, overcurrent information was received from a certain topology vertex on the line. Specifically, the protection signal of the root node circuit breaker S1 was received, indicating that the S1 switch tripped. Among other topology vertices, A1 and A2 both had overcurrent information. According to the structure of the topology model, A2 is the upstream associated node and A3 is the downstream associated node. The fault occurred on the line from A2 to A3. According to the isolation strategy, the switches at A2 and A3 were disconnected to isolate the fault.

[0128] The third type of fault is a bus fault. This type of fault occurs when fault information is received from a topological vertex on a bus during the fault collection period, such as... Figure 6 As shown, during the fault collection time, overcurrent information was received from an incoming switch on a certain bus. Specifically, the protection action signal of the root node circuit breaker was received, indicating that the root node circuit breaker S1 had tripped and failed to reclose. Among the other topology vertices, A1 had overcurrent information, while the other topology vertices did not receive overcurrent information. According to the structure of the topology model, A1 is an upstream associated node, and B1 and B2 are downstream associated nodes. The fault point is on the bus that A1, B1, and B2 are connected to. Therefore, according to the isolation strategy, all downstream primary equipment of A1, B1, and B2 are disconnected to isolate the faulty bus.

[0129] The fourth type of fault is a terminal or end-device fault. This type of fault occurs when fault information is received from a terminal or end-device during the fault collection period, such as... Figure 7 As shown, during the fault collection time, an overcurrent information was received from a certain switch. This switch had no downstream switches in the closed position. Specifically, the protection action signal of the root node circuit breaker was received, indicating that the root node circuit breaker S1 had tripped and failed to reclose. Among other topology vertices, A1, A2, A3, and B3 had overcurrent information, but no other node overcurrent information was received. Based on the structure of the topology model, the fault occurred on the downstream load side of B3. Therefore, according to the isolation strategy, B3 was disconnected to isolate the fault. In another scenario, the protection action signal of the root node circuit breaker was received, indicating that the root node circuit breaker S1 had tripped and failed to reclose. Among other topology vertices, A1, A2, A3, and B4 had overcurrent information, indicating that the fault occurred at the end of the line, B4. Therefore, according to the isolation strategy, switch B4 was disconnected to isolate the end-of-line fault.

[0130] Isolation is to completely sever the bidirectional connection between the faulty node and the power grid. The overall strategy for fault isolation can be summarized as follows: if the incoming circuit breaker trips or fails to reclose, within the fault collection time, after collecting the overcurrent information uploaded by the fault path FTU, the device ID of the line where the fault ultimately occurred is calculated. Based on the topology model, the switch and all switches under its jurisdiction are tripped to complete the fault isolation of the line.

[0131] Next, a fault isolation plan is released, fault isolation actions are executed, and a fault recovery strategy is initiated.

[0132] In the recovery module, the fault recovery strategy determines the fault recovery subnet, identifies the closing switch based on the recovery subnet and the backup power supply list, publishes the recovery strategy, executes the recovery action, and publishes the execution result.

[0133] Based on the location of the isolated primary equipment in the isolation strategy, the distribution network is divided into one or more isolated subnets. Based on the topology model, if the final fault node has downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, the isolated subnets corresponding to each downstream primary equipment are traversed. If a backup power source in an available state exists within the isolated subnet (the backup power source is an independent topology vertex, with a clearly defined access point connecting the backup power source to the primary equipment), the backup power source in the isolated subnet is added to the recovery list. If the backup power source is not an independent vertex or has no clearly defined access point, its location cannot be located through the topology model, causing the recovery strategy to fail. If the final fault node does not have downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, the highest priority backup power source is selected from the list of available backup power sources and added to the recovery list. Available backup power sources are retrieved upstream from the final fault node along the topology model, and the highest priority backup power source is selected and added to the recovery list to determine the recovery strategy.

[0134] Specifically, based on the isolation strategy, the distribution network grid is divided according to the number of tripped switches to determine the segmentation status, so as to divide the isolation subnetwork, formulate the recovery strategy, and determine the fault recovery list;

[0135] Let the faulty node be A, and there are n (n>0) downstream switches of A that have been tripped. Then, dividing the isolation subnet requires traversing the downstream networks of these n nodes and determining whether these subnets are recoverable.

[0136] First, it calculates whether each topological vertex in the topology model has a usable backup power source below it. If there is no backup power source, the vertex is skipped, and the process continues to check if the next vertex has a usable backup power source. The calculation result is added to the recovery list. If there is no usable backup power source, the recovery strategy cannot be determined, and a manual emergency repair notification is triggered. Figure 2 As shown, if the final fault node is A3, the fault type is bus fault, that is, the fault of the bus below A3, and the topology vertices that are tripped are D1~D5, then D1~D5 are traversed respectively to determine whether there are any available backup power supplies. It is determined that there are 2 available backup power supplies, namely backup power supply 3 and backup power supply 4.

[0137] If n is 0, it means that the final fault node is the endpoint. The fault does not affect the operation of other topological vertices in the original mesh. The recovery method is to find the highest priority backup power source from the list of backup power sources in the entire network and restore it.

[0138] Simultaneously, starting from the final failed node, the topology model is traversed forward to find the forward backup power source for the final failed node, serving as the forward recovery network. For example... Figure 4 As shown, if the fault termination point is A3, the backup power supply 1 and backup power supply 2 obtained by searching forward from A3 according to the topology model are used as the available recovery list. The optimal power supply is then found from these two power supplies and added to the recovery list. In summary, when A3 fails, the fault recovery list is: the optimal power supply among backup power supply 1 and 2, backup power supply 3, and backup power supply 4.

[0139] Based on the isolation and recovery strategies, perform tripping and closing operations on the circuit breakers, and publish the execution results based on the operation results.

[0140] This invention monitors the operating conditions of distributed power distribution terminals in real time, automatically maintains and manages the topology of equipment within the distribution network grid, and enables automatic fault identification, precise isolation, and rapid restoration of power supply to non-faulty areas via cross-regional backup lines, significantly improving the fault handling efficiency and power supply reliability of the fixed topology grid of the distribution network.

[0141] The computer device of the present invention includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above method.

[0142] The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention stores a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0143] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented using various computer languages, such as the object-oriented programming language Java and the interpreted scripting language JavaScript.

[0144] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0145] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0146] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0147] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0148] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.< / layer> < / layer>

Claims

1. A method for locating and restoring faults in a power distribution network, characterized in that, include: The standard pattern files pre-configured within the distribution network grid are parsed, primary devices with terminals are selected, and the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies are extracted. A topology model is then constructed based on the primary devices and their connection relationships. Based on the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table within the grid, the terminal is bound to the primary device, and a communication list of the primary device and terminal is established and maintained. Based on the device communication addresses in the communication list of the primary devices and terminals, the terminals of each primary device are polled in parallel to obtain the operating status of the primary devices, the topology model is updated, and the fault information of the primary devices uploaded by the terminals of each primary device is captured. Based on the topology model, fault location is performed according to the fault information of each primary device; Based on the topology model and the fault location results, a fault isolation strategy is determined. Based on the topology model, the recovery strategy is determined and executed according to the availability of backup power and the fault isolation strategy at the time of the fault.

2. The method for locating and restoring distribution network faults according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the topology model includes: parsing the pre-configured standard graph model file within the distribution network grid; extracting the identifiers of primary devices, filtering out primary devices without deployed terminals, and retaining primary devices with deployed terminals as topology vertices; extracting the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies; determining the root node from the topology vertices; generating an undirected connected graph based on the topology vertices and connection relationships; executing a graph search algorithm starting from the root node in the undirected connected graph to generate a set of shortest paths from the root node to the topology vertices and backup power supplies, thus forming a topology information table; constructing a topology configuration file based on the configuration information of the topology vertices; and constructing a topology model based on the topology configuration file, the undirected connected graph, and the topology information table.

3. The method for locating and restoring distribution network faults according to claim 1, characterized in that, The establishment and maintenance of the communication list of primary devices and terminals includes: binding the communication address, device description, and remote signaling, telemetry, and remote control information of each terminal pre-stored in the table to the primary device according to the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table in the grid, forming a communication list of primary devices and terminals; the maintenance is triggered by the following conditions: if a terminal goes offline / online, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is updated; if the communication address of a terminal changes, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is updated; if there are additions or removals of terminal devices, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is rebuilt.

4. The method for locating and restoring power distribution network faults according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parallel polling of terminals of each primary device to obtain the operating status of the primary device and capture the primary device fault information uploaded by the terminals of each primary device includes: based on the communication addresses of each terminal in the communication list of the primary device and the terminal, after determining that the terminal of the primary device is working normally through parallel polling, obtaining the operating status of the primary device uploaded by the terminal in real time, and periodically capturing the action protection signal of the primary device, and dynamically refreshing the topology model according to the operating status of the primary device; if primary device fault information uploaded by the terminal of the primary device is detected, the primary device, the downstream topology vertex of the primary device, the terminal corresponding to the primary device, and the terminal corresponding to the downstream topology vertex of the primary device are pushed into the fault analysis queue according to the refreshed topology model. The fault analysis queue is used to collect fault information.

5. The method for locating and restoring power distribution network faults according to claim 4, characterized in that, Fault information is transmitted along the topology path; The step of locating faults based on the fault information of each device includes: removing primary devices from the fault analysis queue from which the terminal has not uploaded fault information; Based on the topology model, upstream and downstream topology vertices with fault information transmission are selected from the fault analysis queue after removing primary devices that have not uploaded fault information at the terminal. These vertices are then paired to form a topology vertex pair, which includes an upstream associated node and a downstream associated node. If a topology vertex exists only in a unique topology path from the upstream associated node to the downstream associated node, and there are no additional topology vertices in the path that can be split, then this topology vertex is the final fault node.

6. The method for locating and restoring power distribution network faults according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fault isolation strategy includes: determining the fault type based on the final fault node; searching and identifying the primary devices of the upstream and downstream deployed terminals of the final fault node in the topology model based on the fault type to determine the isolation objects; determining the isolation order by first disconnecting the primary devices of the downstream deployed terminals and then disconnecting the primary devices of the upstream deployed terminals; and performing remote isolation and verification through the terminals.

7. The method for locating and restoring faults in a power distribution network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining a recovery strategy based on the availability of backup power and the fault isolation strategy at the time of the fault includes: dividing the distribution network into one or more isolated subnets according to the location of the isolated primary equipment in the isolation strategy; based on the topology model, if there is downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, traversing the isolated subnets corresponding to each downstream primary equipment of the final fault node; if there is a backup power supply in the available state within the isolated subnet, adding the backup power supply in the isolated subnet to the recovery list; if there is no downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, selecting the highest priority backup power supply from the list of available backup power supplies and adding it to the recovery list; and retrieving available backup power supplies upstream from the final fault node along the topology model, and selecting the highest priority backup power supply to add to the recovery list to determine the recovery strategy.

8. A power distribution network fault location and recovery system, characterized in that, include: The parsing module is used to parse the pre-configured standard diagram files within the distribution network grid, filter out the primary devices configured with terminals, extract the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies, and construct a topology model based on the primary devices and their connection relationships. The matching module is used to bind terminals to primary devices according to the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table within the grid, and to establish and maintain the communication list of primary devices and terminals. The fault acquisition module is used to obtain the operating status of each primary device by polling the terminal of each primary device in parallel according to the device communication address in the communication list of the primary device and the terminal, update the topology model, and capture the primary device fault information uploaded by the terminal of each primary device. The positioning module is used to locate faults based on the topology model and the fault information of each primary device. The isolation module is used to determine the fault isolation strategy based on the topology model and the fault location results. The recovery module is used to determine and execute the recovery strategy based on the topology model, the availability of backup power at the time of the fault, and the fault isolation strategy.

9. The power distribution network fault location and recovery system according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the parsing module, the construction of the topology model includes: parsing the pre-configured standard graph model file within the distribution network grid; extracting the identifiers of primary devices, filtering out primary devices without deployed terminals, and retaining primary devices with deployed terminals as topology vertices; extracting the connection relationships between primary devices and between primary devices and backup power supplies; determining the root node from the topology vertices; generating an undirected connected graph based on the topology vertices and connection relationships; executing a graph search algorithm starting from the root node in the undirected connected graph to generate a set of shortest paths from the root node to the topology vertices and backup power supplies, thus forming a topology information table; constructing a topology configuration file based on the configuration information of the topology vertices; and constructing a topology model based on the topology configuration file, the undirected connected graph, and the topology information table.

10. The power distribution network fault location and recovery system according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the matching module, establishing and maintaining the communication list of primary devices and terminals includes: binding the communication address, device description, and remote signaling, telemetry, and remote control information of each terminal pre-stored in the table to the primary device according to the pre-configured primary device and terminal correspondence table in the grid, forming the communication list of primary devices and terminals; the maintenance is triggered by the following conditions: if a terminal goes offline / online, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is updated; if the communication address of a terminal changes, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is updated; if there are additions or removals of terminal devices, the communication list of primary devices and terminals is rebuilt.

11. The power distribution network fault location and recovery system according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the fault acquisition module, the parallel polling of terminals of each primary device obtains the operating status of the primary device and captures the primary device fault information uploaded by the terminals of each primary device. This includes: based on the communication addresses of each terminal in the communication list of the primary device and the terminal, after determining that the terminal of the primary device is working normally through parallel polling, obtaining the operating status of the primary device uploaded by the terminal in real time, and periodically capturing the action protection signal of the primary device, and dynamically refreshing the topology model according to the operating status of the primary device; if primary device fault information uploaded by the terminal of the primary device is detected, the primary device, the downstream topology vertex of the primary device, the terminal corresponding to the primary device, and the terminal corresponding to the downstream topology vertex of the primary device are pushed into the fault analysis queue according to the refreshed topology model. The fault analysis queue is used to collect fault information.

12. The power distribution network fault location and recovery system according to claim 11, characterized in that, Fault information is transmitted along the topology path; In the positioning module, the fault location based on the fault information of each device includes: removing primary devices from the fault analysis queue from which the terminal has not uploaded fault information; Based on the topology model, upstream and downstream topology vertices with fault information transmission are selected from the fault analysis queue after removing primary devices that have not uploaded fault information at the terminal. These vertices are then paired to form a topology vertex pair, which includes an upstream associated node and a downstream associated node. If a topology vertex exists only in a unique topology path from the upstream associated node to the downstream associated node, and there are no additional topology vertices in the path that can be split, then this topology vertex is the final fault node.

13. The power distribution network fault location and recovery system according to claim 12, characterized in that, In the isolation module, determining the fault isolation strategy includes: determining the fault type based on the final fault node; searching and determining the primary devices of the upstream and downstream deployed terminals of the final fault node in the topology model based on the fault type to determine the isolation object; determining the isolation order by following the principle of disconnecting the primary devices of the downstream deployed terminals first and then the primary devices of the upstream deployed terminals; and performing remote isolation and verification through the terminal.

14. The power distribution network fault location and recovery system according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the recovery module, determining the recovery strategy based on the availability of backup power and the fault isolation strategy at the time of the fault includes: dividing the distribution network into one or more isolated subnets according to the location of the isolated primary equipment in the isolation strategy; based on the topology model, if there is downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, traversing the isolated subnets corresponding to each downstream primary equipment of the final fault node; if there is a backup power supply in the isolation subnet with an available status, adding the backup power supply in the isolation subnet to the recovery list; if there is no downstream primary equipment at the time of the fault, selecting the backup power supply with the highest priority from the list of backup power supplies with an available status and adding it to the recovery list; and retrieving available backup power supplies upstream from the final fault node along the topology model and selecting the backup power supply with the highest priority to add to the recovery list to determine the recovery strategy.

15. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

16. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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