Intelligent power distribution system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution and protection, and provides an intelligent power distribution system in order to solve the technical problems that an existing system cannot accurately control on-off of all branches, cannot independently measure voltage and current of all the branches and is incomplete in protection function. Comprising a main power supply access module, a shunt processing module, a parameter measurement module, a main control module and a communication module, all the modules are connected through wires and data lines, power supply distribution of multiple paths of electric equipment is cooperatively achieved, meanwhile, electric power parameters of all branches are accurately monitored, a comprehensive protection function is provided, safe and stable operation of the electric equipment is guaranteed, and the service life of the electric equipment is prolonged. And the reliability and the intelligent level of power use are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution and protection technology, specifically an intelligent power distribution system for various power consumption scenarios (such as industrial production workshops, data centers, commercial buildings, etc.). Background Technology

[0002] Traditional multi-circuit power distribution boxes mainly consist of a cabinet, a main input switch, multiple branch output interfaces, and internal connecting wires. Each branch relies solely on the main input switch for overall on / off control, lacking individual branch on / off control and the ability to measure voltage and current parameters for each branch. In terms of protection, only a simple overcurrent protection fuse is installed in the main input circuit. When an overcurrent occurs in any branch, the main fuse blows, causing all branches to lose power, failing to achieve precise protection for individual branches.

[0003] Existing power distribution systems with branch circuit control allow users to control the on / off state of corresponding relays on each branch circuit via control buttons on the enclosure, thereby controlling the power supply to each branch. The display module shows the overall power supply operating parameters, but it cannot individually measure the voltage and current of each branch circuit. Furthermore, in terms of protection, it only has overvoltage protection for the main circuit; when the main power supply voltage exceeds a set value, the main power module cuts off the output, and all branch circuits stop receiving power. It lacks undervoltage protection, branch circuit overcurrent protection, and short-circuit protection. When these faults occur on a branch circuit, the power supply to that branch circuit cannot be cut off in time, potentially damaging electrical equipment. The response time for reverse current blocking is also relatively long (over 100 microseconds), requiring manual reset to restore power supply after the downstream circuit fault is resolved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems of existing products, such as the inability to accurately control the on / off state of each branch circuit, the inability to independently measure the voltage and current of each branch circuit, and the lack of perfect protection functions, this invention proposes an intelligent power distribution system.

[0005] An intelligent power distribution system includes a main power access module for connecting to an external AC or DC power source and connecting to a branch processing module. The branch processing module has multiple branch units, each including a branch switch. Each branch switch is connected to a main control module and can individually control the on / off state of each branch power source. A parameter measurement module includes branch measurement units corresponding to the number of branch units, used to measure the voltage and current parameters of the corresponding branch and transmit the measured parameters to the main control module. The main control module receives the voltage and current data of each branch transmitted by the parameter measurement module, compares them with preset thresholds, and immediately outputs a control signal to the branch switch to cut off the power supply of the corresponding branch when overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage, or short circuit is detected in a branch.

[0006] It also includes a communication module for connecting to an external remote monitoring platform. This module can transmit the voltage and current parameters and fault status information of each branch to the remote monitoring platform, and can also receive control commands sent by the remote monitoring platform to achieve remote control of the on / off state of each branch.

[0007] Technical effects: The intelligent power distribution system of this invention enables independent on / off control and precise measurement of each branch circuit. Each branch circuit is equipped with an independent semiconductor switching device, coupled with a high-precision current and voltage monitoring chip, to achieve individual control of each branch circuit and precise measurement of voltage and current parameters of each branch circuit, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.05%–±0.1%. This solves the problem of existing technologies being unable to independently control and accurately measure the parameters of each branch circuit. It effectively improves the flexibility and convenience of power distribution, while providing users with detailed operating data of electrical equipment, facilitating power monitoring and fault diagnosis.

[0008] In terms of protection, the system employs comprehensive branch protection, with built-in overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage, and short-circuit protection algorithms. Protection thresholds can be set for each branch. In the event of a power failure, the system can cut off the power to the faulty branch in a very short time, effectively shortening the response time of reverse blocking current and reducing impact damage to equipment, thereby ensuring the safety of the electrical equipment and the power distribution box itself. Furthermore, the system has an automatic fault recovery function. Through a fault detection circuit, the system monitors the status of the downstream circuits in real time. Once the fault is detected and cleared, the main control module automatically closes the corresponding branch switch within 0.2µs to restore power supply, requiring no manual intervention, significantly improving power restoration efficiency and reducing labor costs. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is an overall module block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 2 This is a partial circuit diagram of the parameter measurement module. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort using the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] This embodiment provides an intelligent power distribution system, including a main power access module for connecting to an external AC or DC power source and connected to a branch processing module. The branch processing module has multiple branch units, each including a branch switch. The branch switches are connected to a main control module and can individually control the on / off state of each branch power source. A parameter measurement module includes branch measurement units corresponding to the number of branch units, used to measure the voltage and current parameters of the corresponding branch and transmit the measured parameters to the main control module. The main control module receives the voltage and current data of each branch transmitted by the parameter measurement module, compares them with preset thresholds, and immediately outputs a control signal to the branch switch to cut off the power supply of the corresponding branch when an overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage, or short circuit is detected in a branch.

[0013] The main power input module has an input voltage range of AC 90~266V and DC 127~370V. It is equipped with a main power switch and a filter circuit. The main power switch can be a circuit breaker with a rated current of 20A, which also serves as a protection circuit. The filter circuit can filter out high-frequency interference signals from the external power supply, providing a stable power input for subsequent modules.

[0014] The branch processing module is equipped with 16 branch units, each of which includes a branch switch. The branch switch uses a smart fuse with a rated current of 5~6A and a rated voltage of 4.5~40V. Each smart fuse is connected to the MCU inside the main control module to realize individual on / off control of each branch power supply.

[0015] The parameter measurement module includes 16 branch measurement units and an internal data acquisition circuit. Each branch measurement unit corresponds to one branch unit and is used to measure the voltage and current parameters of that branch.

[0016] Specifically, for shunt resistor sampling, high-precision shunt resistors Rs are connected in series in each branch. According to Ohm's law, the voltage drop (Vshunt = I×Rs) generated by the current flowing through the resistor is proportional to the measured current. The main control module detects this voltage drop signal through dedicated pins (V+, V-), supporting forward / reverse current measurement. For signal amplification and conversion, a built-in low-offset operational amplifier amplifies the weak voltage drop signal (minimum detectable 100μV), and then converts it into a digital signal through a 16-bit ADC.

[0017] In this embodiment, the maximum measurable shunt voltage drop is ±81.92mV. The measurement range can be extended by selecting shunt resistors with different resistance values. For example, when measuring a 10A current, a resistor with Rs≤8.192mΩ is required; when measuring a 1A current, a resistor with Rs=80mΩ can be selected to adapt to the shunt current measurement range of 1~50A.

[0018] Voltage measurement directly detects the branch bus voltage through the main control module pins, covering an absolute value of 0~36V. It can adapt to DC 12~48V or AC rectified voltage without the need for an additional voltage divider circuit. After the voltage signal is conditioned by the internal attenuation circuit, it is sent to the same 16-bit ADC for conversion, with a resolution of 1.25mV, accurately capturing voltage fluctuations and supporting the judgment of undervoltage (85~100% of rated voltage) and overvoltage (105~120% of rated voltage) protection thresholds.

[0019] The voltage measurement resolution for each branch circuit is 1.25mV, and the current measurement accuracy reaches ±0.05%-±0.1%, which is far higher than the level of existing power distribution boxes with branch control, which can only measure the total power parameters.

[0020] The main control module, as the core control unit, adopts a microcontroller such as the STM32 series, with a working frequency of 16~100MHz and a built-in memory unit.

[0021] In one possible implementation, a communication module is also included, such as RS485 or RS232, with a communication rate of 9600bps~100Mbps. This module is used to connect to an external remote monitoring platform and can transmit the voltage and current parameters and fault status information of each branch to the remote monitoring platform in real time. It can also receive control commands sent by the remote monitoring platform to realize remote control of the on / off state of each branch.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are further illustrated below through a specific embodiment.

[0023] A smart fuse is used as a branch switch. The smart fuse overcurrent protection is set to 4A and the voltage is 24V. Taking a 4-way branch as an example, it corresponds to 4 external resistive loads, each with a rated power of 1000W and a rated current of 200A. The total power supply module input voltage is AC 220V / 50Hz.

[0024] During the test, the main power switch was first closed. Then, the four branch circuit switches were sequentially closed using the buttons on the main control module, ensuring all four loads operated at their rated power, with each load receiving approximately 3.5A of current. The voltage and current values ​​of each branch circuit were recorded via a remote monitoring platform, while simultaneously, the actual voltage and current of each branch circuit were directly measured using a multimeter for comparative analysis. Continuous monitoring for 30 minutes was conducted to record fluctuations in parameters of each branch circuit and to verify the stability of normal operation. Individual branch circuit on / off control test: Press the "Disconnect" button for the third branch circuit and observe whether the status of the third branch circuit on the screen changes to "Disconnect". At the same time, measure the voltage at the output terminal of the third branch circuit to confirm that there is no voltage output. After 5 minutes, press the "Close" button for the third branch circuit and observe whether the screen status returns to "Running". At the same time, measure the output voltage to return to DC 24V to verify the independent branch circuit control function.

[0025] Protection function test: During the overcurrent test, adjust the power of the second load to slowly increase the current to 4A, observe whether the overcurrent protection function is triggered, record the branch disconnection time, and capture the branch switch signal with an oscilloscope.

[0026] During the undervoltage test, the output voltage was adjusted to DC 20V (below the undervoltage threshold of 21V) using an adjustable voltage source. The undervoltage protection was then observed and the protection action time was recorded.

[0027] In the short circuit test, the first output terminal is directly short-circuited with a wire to simulate a short circuit. Observe whether the short circuit protection is triggered, and record the branch disconnection time and whether other branches are affected.

[0028] Experimental results: When comparing the measured voltages of each branch circuit with those measured using a multimeter, the normal measurement accuracy error was ±0.3%; the current value error was ±0.08%. During branch circuit control, the opening / closing response time of the third branch circuit was 0.1s, with no erroneous operation. Other branches operated normally, verifying the effectiveness of independent control. Simultaneously, the overcurrent protection action time was 0.2us, the undervoltage protection action time was 0.2us, and the short-circuit protection action time was 0.2us. Furthermore, during a short circuit, only the first branch circuit disconnected, while the other branches remained normal, demonstrating accurate protection without any spillover effects.

[0029] The contents not described in detail in this specification (such as the main control module circuit control part) are all prior art known to those skilled in the art. For those skilled in the art, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. Therefore, the contents of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent power distribution system, characterized in that, The system includes a main power input module for connecting to an external AC or DC power source and connecting to a branch processing module. The branch processing module has multiple branch units, each including a branch switch. Each branch switch is connected to a main control module and can individually control the on / off state of each branch power source. A parameter measurement module includes branch measurement units corresponding to the number of branch units, used to measure the voltage and current parameters of the corresponding branch and transmit the measured parameters to the main control module. The main control module receives the voltage and current data of each branch transmitted by the parameter measurement module, compares it with preset thresholds, and immediately outputs a control signal to the branch switch to cut off the power supply to the corresponding branch when overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage, or short circuit is detected in a branch.

2. The intelligent power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a communication module for connecting to an external remote monitoring platform. This module can transmit the voltage and current parameters and fault status information of each branch to the remote monitoring platform, and receive control commands sent by the remote monitoring platform to achieve remote control of the on / off state of each branch.

3. The intelligent power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power access module is equipped with a main power switch and a filter circuit. The filter circuit can filter out high-frequency interference signals from the external power supply.

4. The intelligent power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The branch processing module is equipped with 16 branch units. The branch switches use smart fuses with a rated current of 5~6A and a rated voltage of 4.5~40V. Each smart fuse is connected to the MCU inside the main control module to realize individual on / off control of each branch power supply.

5. The intelligent power distribution system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The parameter measurement module includes 16 branch measurement units and an internal data acquisition circuit. Each branch measurement unit corresponds to one branch unit and is used to measure the voltage and current parameters of that branch.

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