Attractant composition for bark beetles and application of attractant composition

Abstract

The invention discloses an attractant composition for ipomoea salicifolia and application, and relates to the technical field of green prevention and control of agricultural and forestry pests. According to the invention, the S (-)-alpha-pinene, the ()-odontomicus enol, the ()-verbenone, the S-()-cis-verbenone and the trans-2-hexenol are combined for use, so that the attraction effect can be obviously improved by 5-10 times (compared with the independent use of the trans-2-hexenol), and the attraction specificity is ensured, that is, only the male and female adults of the assinus salicina are trapped.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green control technology for agricultural and forestry pests, and more specifically to an attractant composition for the bark beetle and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Lesser beetle in Xingkeng, Tianshan Pityogenes spessivtsevi Eggers Coleoptera, Scolytinae, Ipinae, Tribe of Ipinae Ipini genus *Stellaria* Pityogenes On the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, there are 1-2 generations per year. Adults overwinter in the bark at the base of tree trunks or in soil crevices. Males invade the host first, releasing aggregation pheromones. The mating system is polygynous (1 male: 3-5 females), with females constructing a "star-shaped" complex longitudinal tunnel system (3-5 female tunnels arranged radially). The egg stage lasts 8-12 days. Larvae bore into the cambium, forming a network of tunnels. The larval stage lasts 35-50 days, and the pupal stage lasts 10-15 days. Host specificity is observed. The main tree species affected is Tianshan spruce (…). Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica (Rupr.) WCCheng & S.H.Fu), occasionally harming snow-capped spruce ( P. (Schrönchnera var. tianschanica). The invasion strategy of the Tianshan stellate beetle is to concentrate its attacks on weakened trees and newly felled trees; in drought-stressed forest areas, it can also infest healthy trees. The adult borer's stem-boring period is only 3–5 days, resulting in a short window for chemical control. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sensitive and efficient trapping techniques to accurately monitor the Tianshan stellate beetle in forests. However, the plant-derived volatile odor compound trans-2-hexenol has been published as an effective attractant for the Tianshan bark beetle (patent number: 202010284773.2). But precisely because it is a plant-derived compound, rather than an insect aggregation or sex pheromone, its attractiveness and specificity are still lacking. Trans-2-hexenol shows some attractiveness in forests with high Tianshan bark beetle density, but in forests with low insect density or in low-temperature environments, the trapping rate is low and the sensitivity is insufficient. Furthermore, the plant-derived odor may attract other insects, leading to errors in automatic counting.

[0003] Therefore, developing technologies with high trapping efficiency and specificity to improve the monitoring technology level of the Tianshan Xingkeng bark beetle is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an attractant composition for the star-pit bark beetle and its application.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An attractant composition for the star-crater bark beetle, the attractant composition comprising, by weight, the following components: S ( 30-70 parts of α-pinene ( )- Dental bark betaine alcohol 8-16 parts, ( ) - Verbenone 2-5 parts, S-( 4-8 parts of cis-verbenol 100 parts of trans-2-hexenol.

[0006] Furthermore, the attractant composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: S ( 50 parts of α-pinene ( 12 parts of 1-dentinol ( )-Verbenone 3 parts, S-( 6 parts of cis-verbenol 100 parts of trans-2-hexenol.

[0007] Application of a star-pit beetle attractant composition in attracting star-pit beetles.

[0008] Furthermore, the application of the attractant composition in the preparation of a trapping device for the star-pit bark beetle.

[0009] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention will S ( )-α-pinene, ( )-Dentol, ( )-Verbenone, S-( When cis-verbenol and trans-2-hexenol are used together, the attraction effect can be significantly improved by 5-10 times (compared to using trans-2-hexenol alone), and the specificity of the attraction is ensured, that is, only adult male and female bark beetles of the star pit are captured. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 GC-MS image of the aggregation pheromone extract from adult *Betula stellaria*; Figure 2 Diagram of a trap device in the forest; Figure 3 For trans-2-hexenol and S ( Synergistic effect diagram of α-pinene; Figure 4 For different doses ( )-Dentol and its relationship with S-( The trapping amount of the cis-verbenol composition for the star-pit bark beetle; Figure 5 For different doses ( )-Verbenone and plant-derived trans-2-hexenol and S( The effect of the α-pinene composition on the trapping rate of the star-pit bark beetle; Figure 6 For different doses ( )- Dental bark betaine alcohol, S-( )-cis-verbenol, ( )-Verbenone and plant-derived trans-2-hexenol and S( Effect of α-pinene composition on trapping capacity; Figure 6 A is the star crater beetle. Figure 6 B is the dilapidated bark beetle; Figure 7 Comparative photographs showing the attraction effects of different forest trapping formulations on the bark beetle (Bark beetle). Figure 7 A is the base combination. Figure 7 B is the attractant of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] Source of materials: S ( )-α-pinene (S( α-Pinene (Pn), Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., G2318098; ( )- Dental betaine alcohol (( )-ipsenol, Ie), Shanghai Youkemo Technology Co., Ltd., PA166-20250309; ( )-Verbenone (( (-Vebenone, cVn), Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., V162981; S-( )-cis-verbenol (S-( )-cis-verbenol, cV), Shanghai Youkemo Technology Co., Ltd., PA231-25050309; trans-2-hexenol (E2-C6-OH), Shanghai Jiulin Industrial Co., Ltd., 20250309; All other materials used in the examples are commercially available conventional products.

[0014] Example 1 Methods for identifying aggregated pheromones: Pheromones were collected from adult *Bartholin's stellate* beetles. 300 adult beetles were placed in a 100 mL beaker, sealed, and then adsorbed using an activated SPME extraction head for 30 min before analysis. An Agilent 6890GC-5975MS GC-MS system (equipped with a DB-FastFAME capillary column, 60 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) was used. The temperature program was as follows: 60 °C for 1 min, increased to 180 °C at 10 °C / min, then increased to 210 °C at 3 °C / min, and finally increased to 250 °C at 10 °C / min and held for 10 min. The ion source temperature was 230 °C, the ionization energy was 70 eV, and helium was used as the carrier gas.

[0015] Figure 1 The results showed that two components were identified during pheromone extraction: ( ) )-Ipsenol and ( The chromatographic peak corresponding to )-Verbenone.

[0016] Example 2 Trapping Experiment Protocol: The experiment was conducted in Juhuatai Community, Gangou Township, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The trap used in the experiment was a cross-shaped bark beetle trap. The main structure consisted of two plates intersecting to form a cross, with the top cover fixed by screws. A funnel was connected to the bottom via a hook, and a collection bottle was directly connected to the funnel's flared opening as the insect collection device. The bait core was suspended 10 cm from the top of the trap. Figure 2When using this trap, two 2m long, approximately 5cm diameter iron rods are needed as supports. Insert the rods about 20cm into the soil, with a 30cm gap between the two rods. Then, fix the trap between them, ensuring the collection bottle is about 150cm off the ground. The location should ideally be an open, sunny area at the edge of a spruce forest, and the distance between different traps should be maintained at 15m to avoid interference. Data collection should be conducted daily, observing the number of *Bartholinae* beetles in the collection bottle. After each survey, the collection bottle should be emptied to ensure accurate subsequent data. Each experimental treatment should be repeated 5 times. The final trapping data can be compared and analyzed using percentage averages. Specifically, first convert the number of traps caught by each trap into its percentage of the total number of traps in the corresponding group (e.g., trapping count of a trap in a single group ÷ total trapping count of all traps in that group × 100%), then calculate the percentage average of the traps from the 5 replicates for each experimental treatment.

[0017] Induction effect experiment (1), the attractants were divided into the following four groups: Pn: ( 1.5g of α-pinene; trans-2-hexenol 1.5g; B: ( α-pinene 1.0g + E2-C6-OH 0.5g; B: ( α-pinene 0.5g + E2-C6-OH 1.0g.

[0018] Figure 3 The results showed that using 1.5 g of ( ) alone α-pinene ( When using either α-Pinene or trans-2-hexenol (E2-C6-OH), the trapping effect was relatively low, at 12.21% and 10.65%, respectively. However, the trapping effect was significantly improved when the two components were used in combination. Specifically, 0.5 g of E2-C6-OH and 1.0 g of (α-Pinene) showed better trapping effects. The trapping rate of the mixture of α-Pinene and 1.0 g E2-C6-OH reached 35.69%, while the trapping rate of 0.5 g E2-C6-OH and 0.5 g ( The optimal combination of E2-C6-OH and (α-Pinene) yielded the best results, further increasing the trapping rate to 41.44%. These results indicate that the combination of E2-C6-OH and (α-Pinene) is most effective. α-Pinene exhibits a significant synergistic effect, especially when the proportion of E2-C6-OH in the mixed system is high (e.g., 1.0 g E2-C6-OH and 0.5 g α-Pinene). (A combination of α-Pinene).

[0019] Induction effect experiment (2), the attractants were divided into the following four groups: Ie: ( )- Dental bark betaine 120mg; Ie: ( )- Dental bark betaine 180mg; Ie: ( )- Dental bark betaine 2400mg; Ie + cV: ( )- Dental betaine 120mg + S-( 60mg of cis-verbenol.

[0020] Figure 4 The results show that using alone ( When S-(-)-berberine (Ie) was added, the trapping effect increased with increasing dosage. At 120 mg Ie, the trapping count was 43.8 individuals, increasing to 73.4 individuals at 180 mg Ie, an increase of approximately 67.6% compared to 120 mg Ie; at 240 mg Ie, the average trapping count was 161.4 individuals, an increase of approximately 268.5% compared to 120 mg Ie. The addition of S-( The combination formulation of cis-verbenol (cV) (120 mg le + 60 mg cV) resulted in a trapping density of 25.0 individuals, compared to using it alone. There was no significant difference in )-dentinol.

[0021] Induction effect experiment (3), the attractants were divided into the following five groups: B (Control): Contains only the basic combination 1.5g (E2-C6-OH 1.0g + S ( α-pinene 0.5 g); B + cVn: Basic combination 1.5g + ( Verbenone 10 mg; B + cVn: Basic combination 1.5g + ( Verbenone 30 mg; B + cVn: Basic combination 1.5g + ( Verbenone 90 mg; B + cVn: Basic combination 1.5g + ( ) - Verbenone 270 mg.

[0022] Figure 5 The results showed that trans-2-hexenol and S( In the basic attractant unit (B, trapping percentage 15.2%) composed of α-pinene, 10 mg, 30 mg, 90 mg and 270 mg of ( α-pinene) were added respectively. Following the addition of cVn, the trapping percentages for each treatment ranged from 18.1% to 25.0%. Despite the numerical variation, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between all treatments with cVn and those using the basic attractant unit B alone.

[0023] (5) The trapping effects of different pheromone combinations on *Betula squarrosa* and *Betula squarrosa* were investigated. The attractants were divided into the following five groups: B (Control): Contains only the basic combination 1.5g (E2-C6-OH 1.0g + S ( α-pinene 0.5 g); B + Ie: Basic combination 1.5g + ( )- Dental bark betaine 120 mg; B + Ie + cVn: Basic combination 1.5g + ( )- Dental betaine 120 mg + ( Verbenone 30mg; B + Ie + cV: Basic combination 1.5g + ( )- Dental betaine 120 mg + S- ( 60 mg of cis-verbenol; B + cVn + Ie + cV (quaternary combination): basic combination 1.5g + ( )-Verbenone 30 mg + ( )- Dental betaine 120 mg + S- ( 60 mg of cis-verbenol.

[0024] Figure 6 The results showed that the basic combination B had a trapping percentage of 2.5% for *Bark beetle* (number of insects trapped per day is shown in the table below). Figure 7 A), the trapping percentage of *Bartholinae* was 0.2%. Add 120 mg ( ) to B. After 1,000 ol (Ie), the attraction to both bark beetles was significantly enhanced: 21.6% for *Berberis stellaria* and 44.2% for *Berberis thunbergii*.

[0025] Further add 30 mg to the B + Ie combination ( The attraction of 19.6% to *Betula stellaria* was maintained, while the attraction to *Betula stellaria* was strongly suppressed to 0.1%.

[0026] If 60 mg S- (Ie) is added to B+Ie The addition of cis-verbenol (cV) resulted in higher attraction for both bark beetles: 27.4% for *Berberis thunbergii* and 54.4% for *Berberis thunbergii*.

[0027] When both cV and cVn are added to B + Ie, the attraction to *Bark beetle* reaches a maximum of 28.9% (see [reference for daily insect attraction count]). Figure 7 B), while the attraction to the bark beetle was 1.2%.

[0028] Experimental results showed that different pheromone components and their combinations had significantly different effects on the attraction of the two bark beetles, among which ( Verbenone (cVn) exhibited a significant selective inhibitory effect on the bark beetle. This demonstrates the specificity of the attractant of this invention for the bark beetle. Verbenone is an inhibitor of aggregation against other pine bark beetles.

[0029] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A starved adult female bark beetle attractant composition, characterized in that, The attractant composition comprises the following components by weight parts: S( ) - alpha-pinene 30-70 parts, ( ) - Ipsenol 8-16 parts,​ ) - piperitenone 2-5 parts,​ S-( ) - cis - verbenol 4-8 parts, Trans-2-hexenol 100 parts.

2. The attractant composition of claim 1, wherein, The attractant composition comprises the following components by weight parts: S( ) - alpha-pinene 50 parts, ( ) - Ipsenol 12 parts,​ ) - piperitenone 3 parts,​ S-( ) - cis - verbenol 6 parts, Trans-2-hexenol 100 parts.

3. Use of the attractant composition of claim 1 in attracting the bark beetles.

4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that, Use of the attractant composition in the preparation of a bark beetle trapping device.

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