Rotary electromagnetic and friction nano-composite power generation device based on wind energy

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary electromagnetic and friction nano-composite power generation device based on wind energy, which comprises a mechanical transmission system and a composite energy storage system, and is characterized in that a power generation unit is composed of an electromagnetic induction power generation module and a friction nano-power generation unit and is integrated with a mechanical support and sealing structure; the composite energy storage system realizes storage, equalization and management of energy. The friction nanometer power generation technology and the electromagnetic power generation technology are effectively combined, and wind energy can be efficiently collected under the wide-range wind speed condition. Under the condition of low wind speed, the system preferentially obtains energy through the friction nanometer power generation unit, stores the energy in the supercapacitor for buffering, and then transfers the energy to the lithium battery for stable storage; under the condition of high wind speed, an electromagnetic power generation mode is switched, and electric energy is directly stored in the lithium battery; the two power generation units can work cooperatively at medium wind speed; and the reliability and environmental adaptability of low-power-consumption equipment such as Internet of Things nodes and sensors can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nanotechnology for power generation, and more particularly to a rotating electromagnetic and triboelectric nanocomposite power generation device based on wind energy. Background Technology

[0002] Wind energy, as a clean, abundant, and renewable distributed energy source, has broad application prospects in fields such as IoT nodes, remote environmental monitoring sensors, outdoor positioning devices, and smart agricultural sensing, which utilize low-power outdoor equipment. These devices are typically distributed in complex environments, and their long-term continuous operation places extremely high demands on the sustainability and reliability of energy supply. Therefore, there is an urgent need for integrated energy supply systems that can efficiently capture and utilize unstable wind energy in the environment.

[0003] Currently, electromagnetic induction generators are a typical technology for harvesting wind energy. Based on Faraday's principle of electromagnetic induction, they can output high-power and highly stable electrical energy at medium to high wind speeds. However, electromagnetic generators have significant problems such as high starting torque and low response efficiency at low wind speeds. They are difficult to work effectively in light winds or when wind speeds fluctuate wildly, which greatly limits their energy capture capabilities in natural wind fields.

[0004] Triboelectric nanogenerators, based on triboelectricity and electrostatic induction, exhibit extremely high sensitivity to capturing low-frequency, low-amplitude mechanical energy in the environment. They can effectively harvest weak wind energy that is difficult for electromagnetic generators to utilize, making them suitable for ultra-low-power loads with power consumption ranging from microwatts to milliwatts, such as environmental sensing units like temperature and humidity sensors, light detectors, and vibration sensors. However, the output power of triboelectric nanogenerators is characterized by high voltage, strong pulses, and non-steady-state properties, making direct and efficient compatibility with traditional energy storage batteries, which prioritize energy stability, difficult.

[0005] Supercapacitors, due to their rapid charging and discharging speeds and ultra-long cycle life, can significantly improve the efficiency of pulse energy capture, making them an ideal choice for front-end temporary energy storage. However, the buffered and integrated energy still requires high-energy-density energy storage units for long-term storage. Lithium-ion batteries, with their high energy density and low self-discharge rate, can serve as the core of end-user energy storage, providing continuous and stable power output for loads such as IoT sensors, remote control nodes, and Wi-Fi wireless transmission modules.

[0006] While triboelectric nanogenerators and electromagnetic generators exhibit complementary functional characteristics, and supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries can work together to achieve energy management from temporary storage to long-term energy storage, there is currently a lack of integrated systems capable of automatically coordinating power generation and storage units under wide wind speed conditions to achieve intelligent energy switching and management. In particular, in the event of a complete power outage, how to utilize minute amounts of energy to achieve self-starting, thereby breaking the deadlock and ensuring the resilience and survivability of IoT terminals under harsh conditions, remains a challenge that current technologies cannot provide a complete solution for. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a wind-powered rotary electromagnetic and triboelectric nanocomposite power generation device that can collect mechanical energy of different frequencies and intensities and has the ability to autonomously resume operation under extreme power shortage conditions. It is particularly suitable for providing continuous power supply for low-power electronic devices deployed in the field, such as IoT nodes, environmental sensors, and remote monitoring devices.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a wind-powered rotary electromagnetic and triboelectric nanocomposite power generation device, comprising a mechanical transmission system and a composite energy storage system. The mechanical transmission system includes a power component, a transmission component, an end cap, an outer shell, a sun gear, an electromagnetic power generation module, and a gear ring. The gear ring is coaxially disposed inside the outer shell. The sun gear is coaxially disposed inside the gear ring. The upper end face of the sun gear is coaxially fixed to the power component via the transmission component. The electromagnetic power generation modules are circumferentially distributed between the sun gear and the gear ring. Triboelectric nanopower generation units are disposed between the outer side of the gear ring and the inner side of the outer shell. The end cap is disposed on the top of the outer shell and has a through hole in the middle corresponding to the transmission component. The composite energy storage system is connected to the output end of the triboelectric nanopower generation unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the electromagnetic power generation module includes a planetary gear, a fixed shaft, and a coil frame; the fixed shaft is axially disposed between the sun gear and the ring gear, and the lower end of the fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the outer bottom shell; the planetary gear has a permanent magnet embedded in it, which is rotatably connected to the middle of the fixed shaft and meshes with the sun gear and the ring gear respectively, and is driven by the sun gear to achieve rotation; the coil frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer bottom shell, and a copper coil is wound on it.

[0010] Furthermore, the triboelectric nanogenerator unit is composed of friction pairs correspondingly disposed on the outer circumferential sidewall of the gear ring and the inner circumferential sidewall of the outer shell; the friction pairs include dynamic friction parts and static friction parts; the dynamic friction parts are circumferentially evenly distributed on the outer circumferential sidewall of the gear ring; the static friction parts are circumferentially evenly distributed on the inner circumferential sidewall of the outer shell; the dynamic friction parts and static friction parts correspond to each other.

[0011] Furthermore, the dynamic friction part is composed of several dynamic friction layers stacked axially; the static friction part is composed of several static friction layers stacked axially; the dynamic friction layers and static friction layers are arranged alternately in the axial direction and their surfaces are provided with friction material; when the dynamic friction layers and static friction layers overlap, they maintain a clearance fit in the axial direction; when the gear ring rotates relative to the outer bottom shell, based on the principle of triboelectric nano-power generation, the periodic dynamic change of the contact area causes the transfer and accumulation of interface charge, thereby generating an alternating current. The alternating current is processed by a step-down circuit and a rectifier circuit and then transmitted to the composite energy storage system, thereby realizing the collection and storage of energy.

[0012] Furthermore, the composite energy storage system includes a charging management chip, a supercapacitor, a lithium battery energy storage unit, a first full-bridge rectifier, a second full-bridge rectifier, a filter capacitor, a first buck-boost converter module, and a second buck-boost converter module; in the electromagnetic power generation module, the coil frame and its wound copper coil constitute the power generation body; the two leads of the copper coil are electrically connected to the input terminal of the first full-bridge rectifier; the output terminal of the first full-bridge rectifier is connected to the input terminal of the first buck-boost converter module after being connected in parallel with the filter capacitor; in the triboelectric nano-power generation unit, a layered arrangement is disposed on the gear ring and the outer bottom shell. The friction layer forms a friction pair, and the triboelectric conductive material applied to its surface serves as an electrode. The lead-out end of the electrode of the static friction part is electrically connected to the input end of the second full-bridge rectifier. The output end of the second full-bridge rectifier is connected to the input end of the second buck-boost converter module after being connected in series with a transient voltage suppression diode. The output ends of the first buck-boost converter module and the second buck-boost converter module are connected to the power input pin of the charging management chip after being current isolated by a unidirectional conductive device. The energy storage output pin of the charging management chip is electrically connected to the supercapacitor and the lithium battery energy storage unit, respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the charge and discharge management circuit uses the BQ25570 charging management chip and its peripheral components to form an energy management topology. The charge and discharge management circuit implements differentiated energy storage management according to the input energy characteristics. When the wind speed is high and stable, the energy output by the electromagnetic power generation module is directly charged to the lithium battery after being boosted and rectified. When the wind speed is unstable or there are slight fluctuations, the high-voltage alternating energy generated by the triboelectric nano-power generation unit and the unstable energy that is difficult to recover generated by the electromagnetic power generation module are preferentially stored in the supercapacitor for temporary storage and buffering.

[0014] Furthermore, the device is equipped with a deadlock break mechanism. When the device enters a deep power failure state due to long-term energy shortage and its function stops, this mechanism uses the sensitive characteristics of triboelectric nanogenerators to micro-energy to capture weak mechanical energy in the environment to trigger the system to autonomously wake up and restore the energy harvesting function.

[0015] Furthermore, the power component is a wheel-shaped structure with a wind cup at the end, and a mounting shaft hole is provided in the middle of the lower end face, with circumferentially distributed snap-fit ​​grooves inside the mounting shaft hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the transmission component is cylindrical in the middle, and both the upper and lower ends of the cylinder are provided with integrally formed coaxial regular hexagonal prisms. The outer ends of the regular hexagonal prisms are provided with locking structures for connection; the locking structures are composed of circumferentially distributed elastic claws.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention possesses deadlock breakthrough and self-wake-up capabilities. Through a deadlock breakthrough mechanism composed of a voltage detector and MOSFET switches, the system can autonomously wake up from a deep power loss state using the weak mechanical energy (microwatt level) captured by the TENG, restoring its energy harvesting function and greatly improving its resilience and survivability in harsh environments. Compared with existing technologies, this generator features integrated and lightweight construction. The mechanical transmission system adopts planetary gear transmission and a stacked friction pair design, resulting in a compact structure and high transmission efficiency. The power and transmission components are connected by a snap-fit ​​mechanism, eliminating the need for additional fasteners, simplifying assembly, and making it suitable for field deployment.

[0018] This invention can be widely applied to scenarios such as field meteorological monitoring, intelligent agricultural sensing, and distributed Internet of Things nodes, providing a continuous and reliable energy supply solution for low-power sensing, communication, and computing devices. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a wind-powered rotary electromagnetic and triboelectric nanocomposite generator proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power component in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission component in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planetary gear structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sun gear structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gear ring structure in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the outer bottom shell in this invention; Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of conventional energy storage in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit for releasing deadlock in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit for supplying power to the load in this invention.

[0020] In the attached drawings, the following reference numerals are used: 1-power component; 2-transmission component; 3-outer bottom shell; 4-sun gear; 5-planetary gear; 6-gear ring; 7-fixed shaft; 8-dynamic friction layer; 9-static friction layer. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "one side", "the other side", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not mean that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0023] See appendix Figure 1-7 The present invention proposes a wind-powered rotary electromagnetic and triboelectric nanocomposite power generation device, comprising a mechanical transmission system and a composite energy storage system. The mechanical transmission system includes a power component 1, a transmission component 2, an end cap, an outer shell 3, a sun gear 4, an electromagnetic power generation module, and a gear ring 6. The gear ring 6 is coaxially rotatably fitted inside the outer shell 3; the sun gear 4 is coaxially disposed inside the gear ring; the middle of the upper end face of the sun gear 4 is coaxially fixed to the power component 1 via the transmission component 2, and the middle of the lower end face is rotatably fitted to the middle of the bottom surface of the outer shell 3; the electromagnetic power generation modules are circumferentially distributed between the sun gear 4 and the gear ring 6; triboelectric nanogenerators are disposed between the outer circumference of the gear ring 6 and the inner circumference of the outer shell 3; the end cap is sealed to the top of the outer shell 3 and has a through hole in the middle corresponding to the transmission component 2; the composite energy storage system is connected to the output end of the triboelectric nanogenerators.

[0024] In this embodiment, the outer bottom shell is injection molded from PA66 with 30% glass fiber, with an outer diameter of 190mm and an inner diameter of 170mm. The shape and size of its extension are adapted to the gear ring 6, and it is alternately layered with the gear ring 6 and provided with friction material (the surface is covered with a 0.3mm adhesive layer and bonded with 0.15mm aluminum foil). The bottom of the outer bottom shell 3 is provided with mounting holes for the coil frame and planetary gear 5. The middle of the inner bottom surface is provided with a stepped bearing seat, with a bottom step diameter of 10mm and a height of 2mm, and an upper step diameter of 8mm and a height of 4mm.

[0025] In this embodiment, the power component 1 is a wheel-shaped structure with a wind cup at the end, injection molded from ABS + 20% glass fiber material, with a diameter of 30cm and 3 blades. Each blade has an integrally formed reinforcing rib between its blade arms, with a thickness of 10mm and a width of 10mm. The central area features a hollowed-out triangle and internal design, combining lightweighting with structural support. The lower end face of the power component 1 has a mounting shaft hole at its center. The hole is a regular hexagon with a side length of 7mm and a depth of 25mm, and contains three evenly distributed circumferentially distributed snap-fit ​​slots. The power component 1 converts ambient wind power into mechanical energy, which engages with the transmission component 2 through the snap-fit ​​slots, transferring the captured mechanical energy to the transmission component 2, providing power input for the system's power generation and energy storage.

[0026] In this embodiment, the transmission component 2 has a total height of 65mm, with a central cylinder of 20mm diameter and 20mm height. Both ends of this cylinder are integrally formed coaxial regular hexagonal prisms, enabling efficient, slip-free torque transmission. The regular hexagonal prism near the power component 1 has a side length of 7mm and a height of 30mm. Each end of the regular hexagonal prism has a locking structure for connection, consisting of three circumferentially distributed elastic claws spaced 120° apart. The claws extend axially, have a height of 15mm, a body width of 7mm, and a thickness of 2mm, with outward protrusions at their ends for engaging with the locking grooves in the mounting shaft hole of the power component 1. The regular hexagonal prism near the sun gear also has a side length of 7mm and a height of 15mm. Its ends have a similar locking structure, consisting of three circumferentially distributed elastic claws spaced 120° apart. The jaws are 10mm high, 7mm wide, and 2mm thick, with outward protrusions at the ends for engaging.

[0027] During assembly, by applying axial force, the elastic pawl of the transmission component 2 is compressed and radially retracts until its protrusion slides into the radial limiting section of the snap-fit ​​groove in the mounting shaft hole of the power component 1. The pawl then recovers its deformation due to its own elasticity, allowing the protrusion to embed into the snap-fit ​​groove, thereby achieving circumferential engagement and axial positioning of the two components and transmitting torque. The connection method between the transmission component 2 and the sun gear 4 is similar. This connection method requires no additional fasteners, achieving rapid assembly and reliable connection.

[0028] In this embodiment, the sun gear 4 is made of 20CrMnTi material, carburized and quenched, with a tooth surface hardness of HRC58-62. This gear has a cylindrical structure, a height of 20mm, and uses an involute tooth profile with a module of 1.0 and 78 teeth. The tip circle diameter is 78mm, and the pitch circle diameter is 78mm. A regular hexagonal groove with a side length of 7mm and a depth of 15mm is formed on its top. The bottom of the groove has a radial limiting structure for engaging with the protrusions of the three elastic claws at the end of the transmission component 2. A cylindrical groove with an inner diameter of 14mm and a depth of 4mm is coaxially formed on the bottom of the sun gear 4 for mounting a 605ZZ type deep groove ball bearing (outer diameter 14mm, inner diameter 8mm, thickness 5mm) to achieve rotational support.

[0029] The electromagnetic power generation module includes a planetary gear 5, a fixed shaft 7, and a coil frame. The fixed shaft 7 is axially positioned between the sun gear 4 and the ring gear 6, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the outer shell 3. The planetary gear 5 has a permanent magnet embedded in it and is rotatably connected to the middle of the fixed shaft 7, meshing with the sun gear 4 and the ring gear 6 respectively, and is driven to rotate by the sun gear 4. The coil frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell 3, and a copper coil is wound around it.

[0030] The coil frame is an ABS injection-molded part, 28mm high, with 300 turns of 0.2mm diameter QZ type polyurethane enameled wire wound on it. The wire ends are led out through the wire holes in the side wall. The bottom of the coil frame has two positioning posts, each measuring 6mm×1mm×10mm, which are fitted and assembled with corresponding positioning holes on the outer bottom shell 3 to achieve circumferential positioning and initial alignment of the coil frame. Finally, it is fixed by cyanoacrylate or epoxy resin adhesive.

[0031] In this embodiment, the planetary gear is injection molded from nylon 66 with 30% glass fiber and meshes with the external teeth of the sun gear 4 for transmission. The planetary gear has a shaft diameter of 7mm and a height of 8mm for both the upper and lower shafts; the external tooth portion has a module of 1.0, 20 teeth, a tip circle diameter of 20mm, and a pitch circle diameter of 20mm; the center distance between the planetary gear and the sun gear 4 is 49mm, and the meshing surface is coated with 0.05mm thick molybdenum disulfide grease to reduce wear. Four magnet mounting holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the planetary gear, with an outer diameter of 17mm, an inner diameter of 10mm, and a depth of 18mm. Each mounting hole is fitted with an N35 neodymium iron boron magnet, and the outer poles of adjacent magnets are arranged alternately (i.e., if the first magnet faces outward as the N pole, then the adjacent magnet faces outward as the S pole).

[0032] When the sun gear 4 is driven to rotate by the transmission component 2, it drives the planetary gear 5 to mesh and rotate. The magnet embedded inside the planetary gear 5 moves synchronously with it and has a relative displacement with the fixed coil frame. Every time the planetary gear 5 rotates 90°, the magnetic field polarity of the magnet facing the coil frame switches once, causing the magnetic flux of the copper coil to change periodically, thereby generating an induced electromotive force in the coil.

[0033] The triboelectric nanogenerator unit is composed of friction pairs correspondingly arranged on the outer circumferential sidewall of the gear ring 6 and the inner circumferential sidewall of the outer shell 3; the friction pairs include dynamic friction parts and static friction parts; the dynamic friction parts are arranged in three sets, which are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential sidewall of the gear ring 6; the static friction parts are also arranged in three sets, which are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner circumferential sidewall of the outer shell 3; the dynamic friction parts and the static friction parts correspond to each other.

[0034] The dynamic friction part is composed of several dynamic friction layers 8 stacked axially; the static friction part is composed of several static friction layers 9 stacked axially; the dynamic friction layers 8 and static friction layers 9 are arranged alternately in the axial direction, and both surfaces are provided with friction material; when the dynamic friction layers 8 and static friction layers 9 overlap, they maintain a clearance fit in the axial direction; when the gear ring 6 rotates relative to the outer bottom shell 3, based on the principle of triboelectric nano-power generation, the periodic dynamic change of the contact area causes the interface charge to transfer and accumulate, thereby generating an alternating current. The alternating current is processed by a step-down circuit and a rectifier circuit and then transmitted to the composite energy storage system, thereby realizing the collection and storage of energy.

[0035] In this embodiment, the gear ring 6 is injection molded from PA66 with 30% glass fiber, with a module of 1.0, 118 teeth on the internal gear, a tooth tip circle diameter of 116mm, and an outer diameter of 140mm. Three sets of extensions are evenly distributed circumferentially on its outer circumferential sidewall. Each set is a 60° fan-shaped cantilever beam structure (outer arc diameter 168mm), arranged axially in three layers with a layer thickness of 2mm, a layer gap of 4mm, and an interlayer parallelism error ≤0.05mm. Three sets of extensions are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner circumferential sidewall of the outer bottom shell 3, made of the same material as the gear ring 6, with a thickness of 2mm, and are alternately stacked with the extensions of the gear ring 6 in a "gear ring-bottom shell-gear ring" configuration. A 0.15mm polytetrafluoroethylene film is bonded to the surface of the extension of the gear ring 6 with a 0.3mm adhesive layer, and a 0.15mm aluminum foil is bonded to the surface of the extension of the outer bottom shell 3 with a 0.3mm adhesive layer, together forming a multi-layer friction interface. Preferably, the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene film may be provided with micro-nano structures to increase its triboelectric charge density.

[0036] The friction material can be a material with a large difference in electrode sequence, such as polymers with different electrical properties (e.g., FEP, PTFE, Kapton, PDMS, etc.) or metal materials (gold, copper, aluminum, etc.); the adhesive layer (for metal electrode adhesive layer, conductive double-sided tape or anisotropic conductive film is recommended, and for dielectric material adhesive layer, ultra-thin double-sided tape, flexible epoxy resin or polyurethane adhesive is recommended), is not limited in this invention.

[0037] When the gear ring 6 is driven to rotate by the transmission component 2, its extension and the corresponding extension of the outer bottom shell 3 undergo periodic relative motion. The contact area of ​​the friction interface changes regularly, that is, the contact area increases periodically with the rotation angle and then decreases. Through charge transfer and accumulation, the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy is realized.

[0038] The composite energy storage system includes a charging management chip, a supercapacitor, a lithium battery energy storage unit, a first full-bridge rectifier, a second full-bridge rectifier, a filter capacitor, a first buck-boost converter module, and a second buck-boost converter module. In the electromagnetic power generation module, the coil frame and its wound copper coil constitute the main power generation body. The two leads of the copper coil are electrically connected to the input terminal of the first full-bridge rectifier. The output terminal of the first full-bridge rectifier, after being connected in parallel with a filter capacitor, is connected to the input terminal of the first buck-boost converter module. In the triboelectric nano-power generation unit, triboelectric nano-power generation units are stacked on the gear ring and the outer shell. The rubbing layer forms a friction pair, and the triboelectric conductive material applied to its surface serves as an electrode. The lead-out end of the electrode of the static friction part is electrically connected to the input end of the second full-bridge rectifier. The output end of the second full-bridge rectifier is connected to the input end of the second buck-boost converter module after being connected in series with a transient voltage suppression diode. The output ends of the first buck-boost converter module and the second buck-boost converter module are respectively current-isolated by unidirectional conductive devices and then connected to the power input pin of the charging management chip. The energy storage output pin of the charging management chip is electrically connected to the supercapacitor and the lithium battery energy storage unit, respectively.

[0039] The charging management chip is a BQ25570, and the charging management chip and its peripheral components constitute the charging and discharging management circuit of the energy management topology. The charging and discharging management circuit implements differentiated energy storage management according to the characteristics of the input energy. When the wind speed is high and stable, the energy output by the electromagnetic power generation module is directly charged to the lithium battery after being boosted and rectified. When the wind speed is unstable or has slight fluctuations, the high-voltage alternating energy generated by the triboelectric nano-power generation unit and the unstable energy that is difficult to recover generated by the electromagnetic power generation module are preferentially stored in the supercapacitor for temporary storage and buffering.

[0040] The device is equipped with a deadlock break mechanism. When the device enters a deep power failure state due to long-term energy shortage and its function stops, the mechanism uses the sensitive characteristics of triboelectric nanogenerators to micro-energy to capture weak mechanical energy in the environment to trigger the system to wake up autonomously and restore the energy harvesting function.

[0041] In this invention, based on the characteristics of the electrical energy output by triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic induction generator (EMG), independent energy output paths are configured. The output electrical energy is processed according to its own characteristics and stored in different energy storage devices to achieve synergistic energy storage.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 8As shown, the TENG output is a high-voltage pulsed AC power. First, it is converted to DC power by a DB107 full-bridge rectifier. After rectification, a P6KE200A transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS) is connected in series to form a clamping protection circuit, limiting the voltage to below 200V to prevent subsequent components from being damaged. Then, an LTC3530 step-down chip (input voltage range 4V-100V) is connected. Its wide input voltage range (4V-100V) is suitable for handling the high voltage fluctuations of the TENG, and can stably reduce it to 5V. The EMG output is a low-voltage AC power, which is first connected to a GBU4 full-bridge rectifier. The rectified DC power has a large ripple, so a 100μF filter capacitor needs to be connected in parallel for initial filtering. The filtered DC signal is then connected to a TPS61099 boost converter chip (output voltage adjustable range 1.8V-5.5V) to boost the voltage, raising the weak wind power generation voltage to a stable 5V output.

[0043] The two processed 5V power sources are connected in series with SS14 Schottky diodes (forward voltage drop approximately 0.5V) to achieve reverse current isolation, and finally converged and connected to the BQ25570 charging management chip. The BQ25570 charging management chip continuously monitors the energy status of the input source through its internal logic. Its path switching logic is as follows: when the EMG input is stable and the power is sufficient (e.g., wind speed consistently above 3m / s), the charging management chip prioritizes directly storing the energy in the 3.7V / 2000mAh lithium battery storage unit; when the input energy is weak or unstable (e.g., low or fluctuating wind speed, mainly from TENG), the charging management chip prioritizes storing the energy in a 5.5V / 1F supercapacitor for buffering. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches the preset full charge threshold (e.g., 4.2V), the internal switch of the BQ25570 charging management chip automatically transfers the energy to the lithium battery storage unit for final storage.

[0044] like Figure 9 As shown, when the system experiences prolonged periods without wind, causing the lithium battery and supercapacitor to completely deplete (supercapacitor voltage below 2.5V), all chips, including the BQ25570, cease operation due to insufficient power supply, resulting in a "deadlock" state. The specific mechanism to break this state involves a bypass circuit consisting of a TPS3700 low-power voltage detector (quiescent current ≤1μA) and an SI2302 MOSFET switch (on-resistance 80mΩ). When the voltage falls below the threshold, its output goes low, driving the SI2302 MOSFET to turn on, bypassing the LTC3530 buck converter chip that requires power, creating a "pass-through" path. Specifically, the tiny current generated by the TENG passes through a rectifier bridge and a 10kΩ current-limiting resistor to directly charge the supercapacitor. This path consumes extremely low power, requiring only the microwatts of power generated by the TENG to operate.

[0045] The path switching mechanism achieves automated control through voltage detection and the coordinated operation of switching devices. When the supercapacitor is charged to above the BQ25570's startup voltage (approximately 2.5V), the main management chip is "wake up" and takes over the subsequent charging process. The MOSFET is turned off, and the TENG power is switched to the normal charging path after being stepped down by the LTC3530, avoiding conflicts between the direct-connect mode and the voltage regulator circuit. The system then returns to normal operating mode. This ensures that the system can automatically start from zero in a complete power failure state. If the system loses power again, causing the supercapacitor voltage to drop below 2.5V, the TPS3700 outputs a low level again, and the MOSFET turns on, reusing the deadlock path.

[0046] The Schottky diodes connected in series in each path form a unidirectional conductive barrier, which can effectively block reverse current interference between different paths (reverse leakage current ≤1μA), ensuring the unidirectionality and stability of energy transmission.

[0047] This invention utilizes a lithium battery energy storage unit for long-term energy storage. The stored energy, after voltage regulation, powers external devices. As shown in Figure 10, a TPS63020 high-buck-up converter serves as the output voltage regulator. Its input voltage range (1.8V to 5.5V) covers the operating voltage range of lithium batteries (3.0V-4.2V), and it can output a stable and adjustable voltage (e.g., 3.3V or 5.0V). The maximum output current can reach 500mA. The output terminal is equipped with a DW01+8205A lithium battery protection board, providing overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection. To facilitate connection to different loads, the system provides two output interfaces: a USB-A female connector that outputs 5V to power mobile phones, sensor modules (such as temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure sensors); and a set of 3.81mm pitch terminals that provide 3.3V and GND to power microcontrollers, LoRa / WiFi modules, and other embedded devices.

[0048] Matters not covered in this invention are common knowledge.

[0049] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device, characterized by: The device comprises a mechanical transmission system and a composite energy storage system; the mechanical transmission system comprises a power component, a transmission component, an end cover, an outer bottom shell, a sun gear, an electromagnetic power generation module and a gear ring; the gear ring is coaxially arranged inside the outer bottom shell; the sun gear is coaxially arranged inside the gear ring; the sun gear is coaxially fixedly connected with the power component through the transmission component in the middle of the upper end surface; the electromagnetic power generation module is uniformly distributed between the sun gear and the gear ring in the circumferential direction; a friction nano power generation unit is arranged between the outside of the gear ring and the inside of the outer bottom shell; the end cover is arranged at the top of the outer bottom shell and has a through hole corresponding to the transmission component in the middle; the composite energy storage system is connected to the output end of the electromagnetic power generation module and the friction nano power generation unit.

2. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The electromagnetic power generation module comprises a planetary gear, a fixed shaft and a coil holder; the fixed shaft is arranged axially between the sun gear and the gear ring, and the lower end of the fixed shaft is fixedly connected with the outer bottom shell; the planetary gear is embedded with a permanent magnet, which is rotationally connected to the middle of the fixed shaft and is engaged with the sun gear and the gear ring respectively, and rotates through the sun gear driving; the coil holder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer bottom shell, and a copper coil is wound thereon.

3. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: The friction nano power generation unit is composed of friction pairs arranged on the outer circumferential side wall of the gear ring and the inner circumferential side wall of the outer shell; the friction pairs comprise a dynamic friction part and a static friction part; the dynamic friction part is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential side wall of the gear ring; the static friction part is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the inner circumferential side wall of the outer shell; the dynamic friction part and the static friction part correspond to each other.

4. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: The dynamic friction part is composed of a plurality of dynamic friction layers arranged in an axial stack; the static friction part is composed of a plurality of static friction layers arranged in an axial stack; the dynamic friction layers and the static friction layers are alternately arranged in the axial direction and are both provided with a friction material on the surface; the dynamic friction layers and the static friction layers are gap-fitted in the axial direction when they coincide; when the gear ring rotates relative to the outer bottom shell, based on the principle of friction nano power generation, the periodic dynamic change of the contact area promotes the transfer and accumulation of interface charges, thereby generating an alternating current; the alternating current is transported to the composite energy storage system after being processed by a voltage reduction circuit and a rectifier circuit, thereby realizing the collection and storage of energy.

5. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: The composite energy storage system comprises a charging management chip, a super capacitor, a lithium battery energy storage unit, a first full-bridge rectifier, a second full-bridge rectifier, a filter capacitor, a first buck-boost conversion module and a second buck-boost conversion module; in the electromagnetic power generation module, a coil holder and a copper coil wound thereon constitute a power generation main body; two outgoing ends of the copper coil are electrically connected to the input end of the first full-bridge rectifier; the output end of the first full-bridge rectifier is connected to the input end of the first buck-boost conversion module after being connected in parallel with the filter capacitor; in the friction nano power generation unit, a friction layer arranged in a stack on the gear ring and the outer bottom shell constitutes a friction pair, and a friction conductive material applied on the surface thereof serves as an electrode; the outgoing end of the static friction part electrode is electrically connected to the input end of the second full-bridge rectifier; the output end of the second full-bridge rectifier is connected to the input end of the second buck-boost conversion module after being connected in series with a transient voltage suppression diode; the output ends of the first buck-boost conversion module and the second buck-boost conversion module are connected in parallel after being electrically isolated by unidirectional conductive devices, and are connected to the power input pin of the charging management chip; the energy storage output pin of the charging management chip is electrically connected to the super capacitor and the lithium battery energy storage unit respectively.

6. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The charging management chip and its peripheral elements constitute a charge-discharge management circuit of an energy management topology; the charge-discharge management circuit implements differentiated energy storage management according to input energy characteristics; when the wind speed is large and stable, the electromagnetic power generation module outputs energy which is directly used to charge the lithium battery after being boosted and rectified; when the wind speed is unstable or there is a slight fluctuation, the high-voltage alternating energy generated by the friction nano power generation unit and the unstable energy generated by the electromagnetic power generation module which is difficult to recover are preferentially stored in the super capacitor for temporary storage and buffering.

7. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The device is provided with a deadlock breaking mechanism; when the device enters a deep power-off state and stops functioning due to long-term energy deficiency, the mechanism triggers the system to wake up autonomously by capturing weak mechanical energy in the environment to restore energy collection function by virtue of the sensitive characteristics of the friction nano power generation unit to micro energy.

8. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The power component is a wheel-shaped structure provided with a wind cup at the end, and an installation shaft hole is arranged in the middle of the lower end face, and a plurality of buckle grooves are arranged in the installation shaft hole in a circumferential direction.

9. A wind energy based rotary electromagnetic and frictional nanocomposite power generation device as claimed in claim 8, wherein: The transmission component is a cylindrical body, and an integral coaxial regular hexagonal prism is arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical body, and a clamping structure for connection is arranged at the outer end of the regular hexagonal prism; the clamping structure is composed of a plurality of elastic clamping claws arranged in a circumferential direction.

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