Vehicle-mounted underway high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted underway high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system and method, and relates to the technical field of environment monitoring. According to the vehicle-mounted underway high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring method, gas is alternately collected through double-path sampling probes arranged at different heights of a vehicle roof, and instantaneous interference of exhaust emission of motor vehicles on a road is removed by combining an underway position and real-time meteorological data which are synchronously obtained and based on concentration difference and meteorological information by utilizing a specific algorithm, so that the real-time distribution of the greenhouse gas is realized. Therefore, the real environment background greenhouse gas concentration is extracted. According to the method, the high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas concentration distribution diagram of the underway area is inverted through spatial interpolation processing according to the purified background concentration data, credible quantification of regional scale greenhouse gas spatial distribution is realized, a key technical means is provided for accurate measurement and traceability of carbon emission, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. The core problem that the existing mobile monitoring technology is difficult to accurately reflect regional background distribution due to self-path pollution is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring technology, specifically to a vehicle-mounted, mobile, high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon emission monitoring is fundamental to studying trends in greenhouse gas concentrations, as well as the composition, properties, and intensity of their sources and sinks. It also serves as the basis for assessing the greenhouse effect and a benchmark for formulating emission reduction measures. On a large scale (such as in cities), the complexity of environmental facilities, the diversity of emission sources, their uneven distribution, and their temporal changes pose significant challenges to greenhouse gas emission monitoring.

[0003] The limitations of existing technologies include at least the following problems: Traditional single measurement techniques, such as fixed point or line measurement devices, can only obtain concentration information and are difficult to reflect the two-dimensional concentration distribution of the entire area. Mobile monitoring devices, such as handheld and scanning monitoring systems, can monitor concentration within a certain area, but suffer from low accuracy and a small monitoring range. Spaceborne equipment can achieve large-scale monitoring, but its detection limit is high and its spatial and temporal resolution is low. Airborne equipment can compensate for the shortcomings of spaceborne equipment, but its high labor costs make it difficult to achieve operational use. Vehicle-mounted measurement equipment can achieve flexible monitoring at multiple scales, but it is limited by road routes and is easily interfered with by exhaust emissions from fuel-powered vehicles when measuring CO2. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a vehicle-mounted mobile high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring system and method, which solves the problem of interference from exhaust emissions from fuel-powered vehicles on roads when measuring CO2 in existing vehicle-mounted measuring equipment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vehicle-mounted high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring system, comprising: a vehicle-mounted platform; a greenhouse gas analyzer, installed inside the vehicle-mounted platform, for high-precision measurement of greenhouse gas concentration; a gas sampling device, installed on the top of the vehicle-mounted platform, including at least two gas sampling probes positioned at different vertical heights, for collecting gas samples from different atmospheric layers; a sampling preprocessing unit, connected to the gas sampling probes, for performing multi-stage filtration and dehumidification on the collected gas; and a dual-path independent sampling pump unit connected to the sampling preprocessing unit. The output gas paths are connected one-to-one to drive the gas flow in each sampling gas path; the gas path switching unit is located between the sampling pump unit and the air inlet of the greenhouse gas analyzer, and is used to switch between multiple sampling gas paths, so that the greenhouse gas analyzer alternately measures the gas concentration at different sampling points; the positioning and meteorological acquisition unit is used to collect the location information of the vehicle platform's travel path, environmental wind speed and wind direction data in real time; the data processing unit is configured to: remove the interference of road vehicle exhaust emissions based on the meteorological data and the differences in greenhouse gas concentration at different sampling points, and generate a two-dimensional greenhouse gas concentration distribution map of the travel area.

[0006] Furthermore, the greenhouse gas analyzer employs gas molecular absorption spectroscopy technology to perform high-precision measurements of CO2 and CH4 gases.

[0007] Furthermore, the gas sampling device includes two sampling probes, which are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the roof pole, and the vertical distance between the two sampling probes is greater than 2 meters.

[0008] Furthermore, the sampling pretreatment unit is used to filter large particles, dehumidify, and waterproof the sampled gas, and the pretreatment unit adopts a multi-level filtration structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the dual-path independent sampling pump unit includes two independent sampling pumps, each of which drives a gas flow from the sampling probe to the switching unit. The gas flow switching unit is a valve box located near the outlet of the sampling pump.

[0010] Furthermore, the positioning and meteorological data acquisition unit includes a GPS positioning device and an anemometer. The GPS positioning device provides real-time location information of the vehicle platform, and the anemometer is used to collect environmental wind speed and direction information.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps for removing exhaust gas interference are as follows: based on location information, wind speed, wind direction, and concentration data at sampling points, the concentration distribution of vehicle exhaust gas on the road is calculated, the range of exhaust gas influence is determined, and the greenhouse gas concentrations unaffected by exhaust gas interference are obtained by removing measurement data from high-concentration areas.

[0012] Furthermore, the data processing unit is configured to invert a two-dimensional concentration distribution map using inverse distance weighted interpolation.

[0013] Furthermore, when using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method, the interpolation weight is inversely proportional to the p-th power of the distance from the point to be interpolated to the known observation point, where p is a positive real number.

[0014] A vehicle-mounted mobile high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring method includes the following steps: controlling the vehicle-mounted platform to travel along the road, controlling the greenhouse gas analyzer to alternately measure the gas concentration from sampling probes at different heights through a gas path switching unit, and simultaneously recording location information, wind speed and wind direction data;

[0015] Based on the alternating concentration data, wind speed and direction, and location information, the interference of vehicle exhaust emissions is removed to obtain the ambient background greenhouse gas concentration.

[0016] Based on the background concentration and geographical location of multiple points along the mobile survey path, a two-dimensional greenhouse gas concentration distribution map of the mobile survey area is generated through spatial interpolation.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The vehicle-mounted high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring system sets up multiple sampling probes on the vehicle platform and places these probes at different vertical heights, so that greenhouse gas concentrations can be collected from different layers of the atmosphere. This design makes up for the shortcomings of traditional single-path sampling technology. Single-path sampling can only reflect the gas concentration at a certain level and is difficult to fully reflect the distribution of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. By setting up multiple sampling points, atmospheric gas concentration data at different heights can be fully obtained, which fully reflects the concentration distribution of greenhouse gases in various areas passed by the vehicle platform. In addition, the system also adopts a dual-path independent sampling pump unit to further ensure the independence and stability of each sampling gas path and avoid measurement inaccuracies caused by gas path switching. This design can switch between multiple sampling points, so that greenhouse gas concentrations in different areas can be measured at multiple points at the same time, ensuring high accuracy and high representativeness of sampling data, and effectively improving the reliability and wide applicability of measurement results.

[0019] (2) This vehicle-mounted high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring system collects real-time location information, wind speed, wind direction, and other meteorological data from the vehicle platform. Combined with greenhouse gas concentration data from sampling points, it calculates the concentration distribution of vehicle exhaust gases on roads and determines the range of influence of exhaust gases. Through this method, the system can accurately identify and remove high-concentration data that are interfered with by exhaust gases, ensuring that the remaining data represents the concentration of greenhouse gases that have not been interfered with. This improves the reliability of monitoring data and avoids data errors caused by exhaust emissions. Especially in busy roads or densely trafficked urban areas, it can ensure that the measurement results of greenhouse gas concentrations are accurate, providing reliable data for climate change research and the formulation of environmental protection policies.

[0020] (3) The vehicle-mounted high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring system uses the inverse distance weighted interpolation method to invert the two-dimensional concentration distribution map of greenhouse gases. This method can accurately calculate the gas concentration in other unsampled areas based on the concentration data of each sampling point. Traditional techniques often only provide concentration data around known sampling points, which is difficult to effectively reflect the concentration change trend of the entire area. Through the inverse distance weighted interpolation method, the system can effectively extend the concentration data of the sampling points to the entire area and realize the two-dimensional visualization distribution of greenhouse gas concentration. In addition, the inverse relationship between the weight and the distance from the interpolation point to the known observation point ensures that data closer to the sampling point can have a greater impact on the interpolation result, thereby improving the accuracy of the concentration distribution map. This effectively solves the problem of traditional methods that are limited to local monitoring. Furthermore, the two-dimensional distribution map can intuitively display the greenhouse gas concentration of the entire mobile area, which is convenient for further analysis and decision-making.

[0021] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted mobile high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring system according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a vehicle-mounted mobile high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring method according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Please see Figure 1This invention provides a technical solution: a vehicle-mounted high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring system, comprising: a vehicle-mounted platform; a greenhouse gas analyzer 101, installed inside the vehicle-mounted platform, for high-precision measurement of greenhouse gas concentration; a gas sampling device, installed on the top of the vehicle-mounted platform, including at least two gas sampling probes installed at different vertical heights, for collecting gas samples from different atmospheric layers; a sampling preprocessing unit, connected to the gas sampling probes, for multi-stage filtration and dehumidification of the collected gas; and a dual-path independent sampling pump unit connected to the output gas path of the sampling preprocessing unit. A one-to-one connection is provided to drive the gas flow in each sampling gas path; a gas path switching unit is located between the sampling pump unit and the air inlet of the greenhouse gas analyzer 101 to switch between multiple sampling gas paths, so that the greenhouse gas analyzer 101 can alternately measure the gas concentration at different sampling points; a positioning and meteorological acquisition unit is used to collect the location information of the vehicle platform's travel path, environmental wind speed and wind direction data in real time; a data processing unit is configured to: remove the interference of road vehicle exhaust emissions based on meteorological data and the differences in greenhouse gas concentration at different sampling points, and generate a two-dimensional greenhouse gas concentration distribution map of the travel area.

[0025] Specifically, the greenhouse gas analyzer 101 is housed inside the mobile monitoring vehicle 102, typically in the trunk space, and is powered by a UPS power supply 103. Measurement results are displayed via a portable computer or tablet 104. The positioning and meteorological data acquisition unit includes a GPS positioning device 105 and an anemometer 106 mounted on the roof. The gas sampling device includes a vertically mounted pole 107 on the roof, with gas sampling probes 108 and 109 installed at its top and bottom, respectively.

[0026] The greenhouse gas analyzer 101 uses gas molecular absorption spectroscopy technology, specifically optical cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy technology, to perform high-precision measurements of CO2 and CH4 gases. The measurement accuracy of CO2 is better than 0.1 ppm, and the measurement accuracy of CH4 is better than 1 ppb.

[0027] Specifically, it involves cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy (CRDS), which couples a laser into a high-reflectivity optical cavity with a reflectivity greater than 99.99%. The multiple reflections of the laser within the cavity create an equivalent optical path of tens of kilometers, thereby increasing the molecular absorption path. The gas absorption coefficient and concentration are determined with high precision by measuring the ring-down time difference after the laser is turned off. By using a tunable laser to scan multiple absorption lines of gases such as CO2 and CH4, combined with spectral fitting, simultaneous measurement of multiple components can be achieved.

[0028] In this implementation scheme, the adoption of cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy (CRDS) technology greatly improves the accuracy and sensitivity of greenhouse gas analysis. By coupling a laser into a high-reflectivity optical cavity, the multiple reflections of the laser within the cavity effectively extend the optical path to tens of kilometers, thereby significantly improving the absorption optical path of gas molecules. This innovation greatly enhances the measurement accuracy of gas concentrations, with CO2 measurement accuracy better than 0.1 ppm and CH4 measurement accuracy better than 1 ppb, meeting the needs of high-precision environmental monitoring. Furthermore, this technology, through tunable laser scanning of multiple absorption lines and combined with spectral fitting methods, can simultaneously measure multiple greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4, achieving accurate analysis of multi-component gases and greatly improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data. This technological innovation can provide more reliable data support for environmental monitoring, especially in scenarios requiring high-precision and high-sensitivity greenhouse gas monitoring, demonstrating significant advantages and application prospects.

[0029] Specifically, the gas sampling device includes two sampling probes, which are installed at the top and bottom of the roof pole, respectively, with a vertical distance of more than 2 meters between the two sampling probes.

[0030] Specifically, two sampling probes 108 and 109 are installed at the top and bottom of the pole 107, respectively, with a vertical distance of more than 2 meters between them, in order to obtain gas samples at different height levels for subsequent identification and removal of the influence of near-ground vehicle exhaust plumes.

[0031] In this implementation plan, the gas sampling device is designed with two sampling probes mounted on a rooftop pole, ensuring a vertical distance of more than 2 meters between them. This allows the probes to collect gas samples at different altitudes. This design helps to comprehensively reflect the concentration changes of greenhouse gases in different atmospheric layers, avoiding the limitations of traditional single-sampling-height methods and providing more accurate and comprehensive monitoring data. Especially in areas with heavy traffic, exhaust plumes from vehicles near the ground can significantly interfere with the sampling data. By using two sampling probes and their height difference, the system can effectively isolate the influence of near-ground exhaust gases, ensuring that the collected greenhouse gas concentration data is more accurate and reliable. This effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of greenhouse gas concentration monitoring, providing a scientific basis for accurately assessing greenhouse gas emissions in a region, and is of great significance for environmental protection, climate change research, and emission reduction policy formulation.

[0032] Specifically, the sampling pretreatment unit is used to filter large particles, dehumidify and waterproof the sampled gas. The pretreatment unit adopts a multi-level filtration structure to ensure the purity of the sampled gas and prevent pollutants from entering the greenhouse gas analyzer 101.

[0033] The sampling preprocessing unit includes, in sequence along the gas path:

[0034] Large particulate filters are used to intercept large particles.

[0035] Fine particulate filters, with a filtration accuracy of not less than 0.2 microns, are used to remove fine particles and utilize hydrophobic materials to block water.

[0036] Electronic condenser dehumidifiers are used to cool gases below their dew point for condensation and removal of water vapor.

[0037] A water-blocking filter serves as a redundant waterproofing safeguard.

[0038] The sampled gas enters the pretreatment unit 111 via transmission line 110. A large particulate filter, located inside the sampling probe, uses aerodynamic inertial impaction to intercept large particles such as dirt and dust. A fine particulate filter 112 uses fiber-wound or folded material with a filtration accuracy of 10μm, and further intercepts microparticles through a 0.2μm PTFE corrosion-resistant filter element. An electronic condenser 113 employs semiconductor thermoelectric cooling technology to cool the air below the dew point, causing gaseous water to condense and be discharged, reducing humidity to below 30%. A water-blocking filter 114 uses a 0.2μm precision filter element, providing double protection against liquid water entering the analyzer's measuring gas chamber.

[0039] The dual-path independent sampling pump unit includes two independent sampling pumps, each of which drives a gas flow from the sampling probe to the switching unit. The gas path switching unit is a valve box located near the outlet of the sampling pump, which is used to achieve rapid switching of the gas path.

[0040] Specifically, the pretreatment gas paths corresponding to the two sampling probes 108 and 109 are each connected to an independent sampling pump 115. Before entering the analyzer 101, the two gas paths are switched via a valve box 116 to ensure that only one gas path enters the analyzer at a time. The dual sampling pump and near-end switching design avoids the purging time of long sampling pipelines. The optical cavity or gas absorption cell inside the analyzer 101 employs a small-volume design, combined with sampling flow control, to achieve a rapid response to the measured gas, with a response time of less than 1 second.

[0041] In this implementation scheme, the design of the dual-path independent sampling pump unit and the gas path switching unit significantly improves the response speed and measurement accuracy of the greenhouse gas monitoring system. By connecting the two sampling probes 108 and 109 to independent sampling pumps 115 respectively, and using the valve box 116 to switch the gas flow before it enters the analyzer, it is ensured that only one gas path enters the analyzer at a time, avoiding the waste of gas replacement time in long pipelines. This design effectively reduces the time delay of gas flow and avoids the response lag caused by long pipeline replacement, ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of sampling and measurement data. In addition, the small-volume optical cavity and gas absorption cell in the analyzer, combined with sampling flow control, achieve a rapid response of less than 1 second, further improving the system's response speed to changes in greenhouse gases and the data update frequency, thereby ensuring accurate measurement of greenhouse gas concentrations. Especially in complex environments, it can respond promptly to rapidly changing gas concentrations, providing more reliable data support for real-time monitoring and analysis.

[0042] Specifically, the positioning and meteorological data acquisition unit includes a GPS positioning device and an anemometer. The GPS positioning device provides real-time location information of the vehicle platform, and the anemometer is used to collect environmental wind speed and direction information.

[0043] Specifically, the GPS positioning device 105 is used to accurately measure the vehicle's travel path. The anemometer 106 is used to measure the ambient wind speed and direction in real time, providing key meteorological parameters for subsequent exhaust gas diffusion model calculations.

[0044] In this implementation scheme, the positioning and meteorological data acquisition unit, by combining a GPS positioning device and an anemometer, provides precise location information and environmental meteorological data for the vehicle-mounted mobile greenhouse gas monitoring system. Specifically, the GPS positioning device 105 accurately measures the vehicle platform's travel path, enabling the system to record the geographical location of sampling points in real time. This provides accurate positioning data for subsequent spatial distribution analysis of greenhouse gas concentration data. Simultaneously, the anemometer 106 measures ambient wind speed and direction in real time, data crucial for subsequent exhaust gas diffusion model calculations. By acquiring real-time meteorological data, the system can effectively simulate the diffusion process of exhaust gases in the atmosphere, accurately remove interference from road vehicle exhaust emissions, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of greenhouse gas concentration data.

[0045] Specifically, removing exhaust gas interference involves: calculating the concentration distribution of road vehicle exhaust gas based on location information, wind speed, wind direction, and concentration data at sampling points; determining the range of exhaust gas influence; and obtaining the greenhouse gas concentrations unaffected by exhaust gas interference by removing measurement data from high-concentration areas.

[0046] Among them, the algorithms for removing exhaust gas interference include two methods: simple processing and complex processing.

[0047] A simple approach is to select the lower concentration value between two sampling points to represent the background concentration. The core assumption is that the influence range of the exhaust plume is limited and will not cover two height sampling points at the same time.

[0048] Complex processing method: Based on a Gaussian diffusion plume model. First, acquire vehicle GPS location, wind speed and direction measured by anemometers, and meteorological information such as current temperature, pressure, humidity, and atmospheric stability. Then, substitute the above information and concentration values ​​from two sampling points into the Gaussian plume diffusion model. Since the emission source location is unknown, model fitting is performed based on location information and concentration gradients, assuming different emission sources, and the optimal diffusion parameters are obtained through optimization algorithms. Finally, based on the obtained Gaussian diffusion model parameters, the concentration gradient values ​​at locations where the plume's influence is negligible are calculated, and the environmental background concentration value is then inferred.

[0049] In this implementation plan, the algorithm design for removing exhaust gas interference effectively solves the problem of the impact of exhaust gas emission interference on the measurement results in vehicle-mounted greenhouse gas monitoring. By combining location information, wind speed, wind direction, and concentration data from sampling points, the system can accurately calculate the concentration distribution of vehicle exhaust gas on the road and determine the range of influence of the exhaust gas. This design ensures that the measurement of greenhouse gas concentration is not affected by exhaust gas plumes, improving the reliability and accuracy of the data. Specifically, the system provides two methods for removing exhaust gas interference: the simple method assumes that the range of exhaust gas influence is limited and selects the smaller concentration value between two sampling points as the background concentration to reduce exhaust gas interference; while the complex method uses a Gaussian diffusion plume model, combined with accurate meteorological data (such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, etc.), to infer the emission source and obtain the optimal diffusion parameters through model optimization algorithms. This method can not only accurately calculate the exhaust gas influence area based on actual environmental parameters, but also further calculate the background greenhouse gas concentration.

[0050] Specifically, the data processing unit is configured to invert a two-dimensional concentration distribution map using inverse distance-weighted interpolation. Specifically, it uses measured values ​​from observation points and obtains predicted values ​​for unknown points through inverse distance-weighted averaging. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0051] First, assume there is a set of known observation points. ,in Represents the coordinates of the observation point. This represents the gas concentration value corresponding to that point. For any point to be interpolated... Its concentration value It can be calculated using the following formula:

[0052] ;

[0053] In the formula, For the first The weight of each observation point is usually defined as:

[0054] ;

[0055] in, Indicates the point to be interpolated With observation point The Euclidean distance between them; The parameter is a positive real number, called the distance weight power or distance weight exponent. When When, that is, when the interpolation point coincides with a certain observation point, the condition is met. .

[0056] parameter Directly control the degree of influence of known observation points on the interpolation results: At that time, weight With distance They exhibit an inverse linear relationship; At that time, weight With distance The inverse relationship between the square and the value is the most commonly used default value; The larger the value, the stronger the influence of nearby observation points on the interpolation results, and the worse the smoothness of the interpolation results. The smaller the value, the greater the influence of distant observation points, and the smoother the interpolation result.

[0057] In practical applications, to balance computational efficiency and interpolation accuracy, not all observation points are typically used in the calculation. Instead, a neighborhood search strategy is introduced, mainly including two types: the fixed-point method and the fixed-radius method. The fixed-point method selects a distance... Recent Each observation point, such as or Participate in interpolation calculations; fixed radius rule with Center of the circle Draw a circle with a radius of 1, and select all observation points within the circle for calculation. Let 1 be an example. For the set of observation points participating in the interpolation calculation, the interpolation formula is now modified as follows: .

[0058] When using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method, the interpolation weight is inversely proportional to the p-th power of the distance from the point to be interpolated to the known observation point, where p is a positive real number.

[0059] Please see Figure 2This invention provides a technical solution: a vehicle-mounted mobile high-precision two-dimensional greenhouse gas distribution monitoring method, comprising the following steps: controlling the vehicle-mounted platform to travel along a road, controlling the greenhouse gas analyzer 101 to alternately measure the gas concentration from sampling probes at different heights through a gas path switching unit, and simultaneously recording location information, wind speed, and wind direction data; based on the alternately measured concentration data, wind speed, wind direction, and location information, removing interference from vehicle exhaust emissions to obtain the environmental background greenhouse gas concentration; and based on the background concentration and geographical location of multiple points along the mobile path, generating a two-dimensional greenhouse gas concentration distribution map of the mobile area through spatial interpolation processing.

[0060] Specifically, the process is as follows: First, the system is started, allowing the mobile monitoring vehicle 102 to travel along the planned route. GPS 105 and anemometer 106 operate continuously. Valve box 116 switches at a set frequency, causing analyzer 101 to alternately measure gas from high-level probe 108 and low-level probe 109, obtaining alternating concentration sequences and corresponding time, location, and meteorological labels. Then, the data processing unit calls an interference removal algorithm to process the alternating concentration data at each measurement moment, obtaining the background concentration value at that location unaffected by exhaust gas interference. Finally, the background concentration values ​​z calculated for all mobile monitoring points are... i and its coordinates (x) i ,y i Using this as input, the inverse distance weighted interpolation method or other spatial interpolation algorithms are invoked to generate a two-dimensional contour map or color block map of greenhouse gas concentration distribution covering the entire underway area and reflecting the environmental background level.

[0061] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0062] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted underway high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system, comprising: The vehicle-mounted platform is characterized in that it further comprises: a greenhouse gas analyzer arranged inside the vehicle-mounted platform and used for high-precision measurement of greenhouse gas concentration; a gas sampling device arranged on the top of the vehicle-mounted platform and comprising at least two gas sampling probes arranged at different vertical heights and used for collecting gas samples from different levels of atmosphere; a sampling pretreatment unit connected to the gas sampling probes and used for multi-stage filtering and dehumidification of the collected gas; a dual-path independent sampling pump unit connected to the output gas paths of the sampling pretreatment unit one by one and used for driving the gas flow in each sampling gas path; a gas path switching unit arranged between the sampling pump unit and the gas inlet end of the greenhouse gas analyzer and used for switching between the multiple sampling gas paths so that the greenhouse gas analyzer alternately measures the gas concentrations at different sampling points; a positioning and meteorological data acquisition unit used for real-time acquisition of the sailing path position information, environmental wind speed and wind direction data of the vehicle-mounted platform; a data processing unit configured to remove the interference of road motor vehicle exhaust and inversely derive the two-dimensional greenhouse gas concentration distribution map of the sailing area based on the meteorological data and the differences in greenhouse gas concentration at different sampling points. 2.The vehicle-mounted walking high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The greenhouse gas analyzer uses a gas molecular absorption spectroscopy technology to perform high-precision measurement of CO2 and CH4 gas. 3.The vehicle-mounted walking high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas sampling device comprises two sampling probes mounted on the top and bottom of a roof pole. 4.The vehicle-mounted walking high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling pretreatment unit is used for filtering large particles, dehumidification and waterproof treatment of the sampling gas, and adopts a multi-level filtering structure. 5.The vehicle-mounted walk-by high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-path independent sampling pump unit comprises two independent sampling pumps, each of which drives the gas flow from a sampling probe to the switching unit, and the gas path switching unit is a valve box located near the outlet of the sampling pump. 6.The vehicle-mounted walking high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning and meteorological data acquisition unit comprises a GPS positioning device and an anemometer, the GPS positioning device provides real-time position information of the vehicle-mounted platform, and the anemometer is used to acquire environmental wind speed and wind direction information. 7.The vehicle-mounted walking high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific removal of exhaust interference is to calculate the concentration distribution of road motor vehicle exhaust based on the position information, wind speed, wind direction and concentration data of the sampling points, judge the influence range of the exhaust, and obtain the greenhouse gas concentration data not affected by the exhaust by removing the measurement data of the high concentration area. 8.The vehicle-mounted walking high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing unit is configured to inversely derive the two-dimensional concentration distribution map by the inverse distance weighted interpolation method. 9.The vehicle-mounted walking high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the inverse distance weighted interpolation method is used, the interpolation weight is inversely proportional to the p-th power of the distance from the point to be interpolated to the known observation point, where p is a positive real number.

10. A vehicle-mounted high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring method, applying the vehicle-mounted high-precision greenhouse gas two-dimensional distribution monitoring system of any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: controlling the vehicle-mounted platform to sail along the road, controlling the greenhouse gas analyzer to alternately measure the gas concentrations from the sampling probes at different heights through the gas path switching unit, and synchronously recording the position information, wind speed and wind direction data; based on the alternately measured concentration data, wind speed, wind direction and position information, removing the interference of road motor vehicle exhaust emission to obtain the environmental background greenhouse gas concentration; based on the background concentration and geographical position of multiple points on the sailing path, generating the two-dimensional greenhouse gas concentration distribution map of the sailing area through spatial interpolation processing.

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