Small-size high-precision fast reflecting mirror mechanism based on voice coil motor and reflecting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical scanning and tracking, and one embodiment of the invention provides a small-size high-precision fast reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor, and the mechanism comprises a reflecting mirror support which is connected with a base through a flexible hinge; the plurality of excitation coils are arranged on the base; and the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged on the reflector bracket, each permanent magnet extends into one excitation coil, and an annular movable gap is formed between the permanent magnet and the excitation coil. Another embodiment of the invention provides a reflection method, a plurality of permanent magnets are installed in respective excitation coils with annular movable gaps, each permanent magnet acts and adjusts the angle of the reflector support under the magnetic action of the respective corresponding excitation coil, and the reflection effect of the reflector support is achieved. Therefore, the reflection angle of the reflector is adjusted. According to the technical scheme, the technical problems that in the prior art, the size of a fast reflecting mirror mechanism needs to be reduced, and precision and response need to be improved are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of optical scanning and tracking technology, and relates to a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism and reflection method based on a voice coil motor. Background Technology

[0002] Fast mirrors (FSMs) are core optomechanical components in fields such as adaptive optics, laser communication, and aerospace exploration. By precisely controlling the deflection of the mirror, they compensate for external disturbances and stabilize the line of sight of the optical system, directly determining the imaging quality and aiming accuracy of the system.

[0003] The drive mechanism is crucial to the performance of a fast reflector. Voice coil motors (VCMs) have become the mainstream solution due to their high driving force density, good control linearity, and fast response. Based on electromagnetic principles, they are classified into moving coil, moving iron, and moving magnet types. Among them, the moving coil type has a simple structure and mature technology, and is widely used in traditional fast reflectors. However, as optical systems develop towards longer distances, larger apertures, and higher precision, scenarios such as portable devices and microsatellite payloads have put forward rigid requirements for "miniaturization and lightweighting," and existing solutions are gradually revealing obvious limitations.

[0004] In traditional moving-coil designs, the excitation coil is directly connected to the reflector. To ensure driving force and stroke, the size and weight of the excitation coil are difficult to reduce, resulting in a large overall size of the fast reflector, which cannot meet the requirements for miniaturized installation. At the same time, the inductive characteristics of the excitation coil limit the dynamic response speed, and the thermal drift caused by heat generation also affects the stability of deflection accuracy. Furthermore, existing moving-iron and moving-magnet voice coil motors have insufficient compatibility with fast reflectors, and no mature optimized solution has been developed, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve the goals of "small size" and "high precision and fast response".

[0005] In summary, existing fast reflectors generally suffer from excessive size, and their control precision and response time still cannot meet the improvement requirements of modern optical systems. There is an urgent need for a technical solution that combines miniaturization, high precision, and fast response characteristics.

[0006] Public content

[0007] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the embodiments of this disclosure provide a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism and reflection method based on a voice coil motor, which solves the technical problems in the prior art where the size of the fast-reflecting mirror mechanism needs to be reduced and the accuracy and response need to be improved.

[0008] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor, comprising:

[0009] A base and a reflector bracket, wherein the reflector bracket is flexibly hinged to the base;

[0010] An excitation coil, wherein there are several excitation coils, which are disposed on the base;

[0011] A plurality of permanent magnets are disposed on the reflector bracket, each of the permanent magnets extending into an excitation coil and having an annular movable gap between it and the excitation coil.

[0012] For example, in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor is provided, wherein both the permanent magnet and the excitation coil are square.

[0013] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor, wherein the excitation coil and the permanent magnet constitute a voice coil motor, and there are four voice coil motors, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs.

[0014] For example, the small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure further includes:

[0015] A winding frame is disposed on the base, and the excitation coil is wound on the winding frame. The winding frame has an extension space, and the permanent magnet extends into the extension space, forming an annular movable gap between the permanent magnet and the inner wall of the extension space.

[0016] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor, wherein the mirror bracket has a support portion, the base has a support protrusion, and the support protrusion is flexibly hinged to the support portion.

[0017] For example, in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor is provided, wherein the winding frame, the excitation coil, and the base are fixedly connected by encapsulation with thermally conductive adhesive.

[0018] For example, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor, wherein the annular movable gap is a square annulus, and the lower end of the permanent magnet is spaced apart from the bottom of the extended space.

[0019] According to another aspect, at least one embodiment of this disclosure provides a reflection method, which utilizes the small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor. Several permanent magnets are installed in their respective excitation coils with an annular movable gap. Under the magnetic force of their respective excitation coils, the several permanent magnets move and adjust the angle of the reflector support, thereby realizing the adjustment of the reflection angle of the reflector.

[0020] For example, in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the reflection method involves an excitation coil acting on a permanent magnet with magnetic force, based on the coercivity H of the permanent magnet. c The size of the excitation coil, the number of turns N of the excitation coil, and the current I in the excitation coil are used to determine the magnetic force on the permanent magnet, thereby enabling controllable control of the magnetic force on the permanent magnet.

[0021] For example, in the reflection method provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, both the permanent magnet and the excitation coil are square. When determining the magnetic force on the permanent magnet, the following formula is used:

[0022]

[0023] Where μ0 is the permeability of free space, π is pi, and n and m are natural numbers; the length, width, and height of the permanent magnet are a1, b1, and c1, respectively; the length, width, and height of the excitation coil are a2, b2, and c2, respectively; h is the vertical distance from the top of the permanent magnet to the top of the excitation coil, and F... z H represents the Z-axis force exerted by the excitation coil on the permanent magnet, where N is the number of turns in the excitation coil, and H is the number of turns in the excitation coil. c The coercivity of the permanent magnet is given by I, and the magnitude of the current flowing through the excitation coil is given by I.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the embodiments disclosed herein are as follows:

[0025] In this disclosure, the design of the annular movable gap simplifies the connection structure between the permanent magnet and the reflector support. Existing flexible joint structures are relatively complex and prone to failure during long-term use, such as joint aging and breakage, which can lead to system failure. This solution reduces this potential failure point, and the simplified structure lowers maintenance costs and complexity, improving the overall reliability of the fast reflector mechanism and enabling it to operate more stably in various application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and these drawings without any creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a fast-reflecting mirror mechanism in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the internal structure of the fast-reflecting mirror mechanism in the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3for Figure 1 The equivalent structure diagram of the voice coil motor in the embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The equivalent effect diagram of the simplified conductor is shown in the embodiment.

[0031] In the figure: base 100, support protrusion 110, reflector bracket 200, support part 210, excitation coil 300, permanent magnet 400, annular movable gap 500, voice coil motor 600, winding frame 700, and extension space 710. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present disclosure will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0033] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to the disclosure; these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0034] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0036] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure.

[0037] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] like Figures 1-2 The diagram illustrates a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor according to an embodiment of this disclosure. It includes a base 100, a mirror support 200, excitation coils 300, and permanent magnets 400. The mirror support 200 is flexibly hinged to the base 100. Several excitation coils 300 are mounted on the base 100, and several permanent magnets 400 are mounted on the mirror support 200. Each permanent magnet 400 extends into one excitation coil 300, and there is an annular movable gap 500 between the permanent magnet 400 and the excitation coil 300. Both the permanent magnets 400 and the excitation coils 300 are square. The excitation coils 300 and the permanent magnets 400 form four voice coil motors 600, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs.

[0039] For example, the shape of the base 100 is designed according to the specific application scenario and installation requirements. It is generally a flat or frame structure with a certain thickness and strength, which can provide stable support for the entire fast reflector mechanism. The excitation coil 300 can be firmly installed on the base 100.

[0040] The reflector bracket 200 is used to mount the reflector. The reflector bracket 200 is connected to the base 100 via a flexible hinge. The flexible hinge design allows the reflector bracket 200 to rotate flexibly within a small angle range, while also providing a certain restoring force to ensure that the reflector remains stable after its attitude is adjusted. The reflector bracket 200 is provided with a mounting base for mounting the permanent magnet 400. The permanent magnet 400 is fixed to the mounting base with adhesive, ensuring that there is no relative displacement between the permanent magnet 400 and the reflector bracket 200 during movement.

[0041] The base 100 serves as the fundamental support component of the entire mechanism, providing a mounting platform for the excitation coil 300 and ensuring the entire fast-reflecting mirror mechanism can be stably installed on the corresponding equipment. The mirror bracket 200 supports the mirror and, under the action of the voice coil motor 600, allows for angle adjustment, thereby changing the mirror's attitude to meet the optical system's requirements for adjusting the line-of-sight orientation. The flexible hinge connection ensures that the mirror bracket 200 can rotate freely while effectively reducing the impact of mechanical stress on the mirror's surface shape, thus improving the mirror's optical performance.

[0042] The excitation coil 300 adopts a square design and is made of tightly wound enameled wire. Enameled wire is chosen because of its excellent insulation and heat dissipation properties, which can effectively reduce the impact of coil heating on the accuracy of the fast reflector. The number of turns and wire diameter of the coil are designed according to the required magnetic field strength and current to ensure that sufficient thrust is generated to drive the permanent magnet 400. The excitation coil 300 is securely mounted on the base 100 through mounting slots or fixing holes, and its position corresponds to that of the permanent magnet 400, allowing the permanent magnet 400 to extend into the excitation coil 300 while maintaining a certain annular movement gap 500.

[0043] The permanent magnet 400 is also square and can be made of neodymium iron boron rare-earth permanent magnet material. This material has advantages such as high magnetic energy product and high coercivity, and can provide a strong magnetic field. The size of the permanent magnet 400 is adapted to the excitation coil 300, ensuring that it can be smoothly inserted into the excitation coil 300 and move freely within the annular movable gap 500. The permanent magnet 400 is mounted on the mounting base of the reflector bracket 200 with the N pole facing upward and the S pole facing downward, ensuring that the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet 400 remains unchanged during movement, thereby ensuring that the voice coil motor 600 can work normally.

[0044] When the excitation coil 300 is energized, it generates a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 400, producing a thrust that propels the permanent magnet 400 to move linearly along the axis of the voice coil motor 600. Since the permanent magnet 400 is fixedly connected to the reflector bracket 200, its movement drives the reflector bracket 200, thereby adjusting the reflector's angle. The square design allows the excitation coil 300 and permanent magnet 400 to utilize space more effectively, increasing the motor's output capacity and meeting the design requirements of a small-volume, high-speed reflector mechanism.

[0045] A moving-magnet voice coil motor 600 consists of an excitation coil 300 and a permanent magnet 400. There are four voice coil motors 600, symmetrically distributed in pairs. Each voice coil motor 600 has a compact structure, with the permanent magnet 400 acting as the mover, moving linearly under the influence of the magnetic field generated by the excitation coil 300. The design of the voice coil motor 600 fully considers the requirements for miniaturization and lightweighting, and its overall size is small, which can meet the strict size requirements of the fast-reflecting mirror mechanism.

[0046] Four voice coil motors 600 are arranged in pairs, with each pair of motors moving in opposite directions simultaneously. For example, when one permanent magnet 400 in a pair of voice coil motors 600 moves upward and the other moves downward, a torque is generated, pushing the mirror support 200 to rotate around a certain axis, thus achieving push-pull motion of the fast-reflecting mirror in the X or Y axis direction. By precisely controlling the movement of the four voice coil motors 600, the attitude control of the mirror in space can be achieved, meeting the high-precision adjustment requirements of the optical system for the line-of-sight pointing. This moving-magnet voice coil motor design eliminates the need for lead wires in the rotating part of the fast-reflecting mirror composed of the mirror support 200 and the permanent magnets 400, reducing interference torque and improving system accuracy and reliability.

[0047] When the optical system needs to adjust the attitude of the reflector, the control system supplies the corresponding current to the excitation coil 300 according to the actual needs. The excitation coil 300 generates a magnetic field after being energized, which interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 400, generating a thrust that pushes the permanent magnet 400 to move linearly along the axis of the voice coil motor 600. Since the four voice coil motors 600 are symmetrically distributed in pairs, and the opposite pairs move simultaneously in opposite directions, they generate different torques, pushing the reflector support 200 to rotate around different axes. This achieves push-pull motion of the reflector in the X and Y axes, ultimately precisely adjusting the reflector's attitude, compensating for external disturbances, and stabilizing the optical system's line-of-sight orientation. Here, the X and Y axes, and subsequently the Z axis, are the XYZ axes in a Cartesian coordinate system.

[0048] After the reflector is adjusted to the desired orientation, the control system continuously monitors the reflector's orientation changes based on feedback signals. The flexible hinge, with its restoring force, helps the reflector support 200 maintain its current orientation. Simultaneously, the excitation coil 300 fine-tunes its current based on feedback signals to maintain the position of the permanent magnet 400, ensuring the reflector remains stably in the required orientation and meets the optical system's requirements for imaging quality and aiming accuracy.

[0049] The design employs a square excitation coil 300 and permanent magnet 400, which makes more efficient use of space. Compared with the traditional circular structure, it occupies less space with the same cross-sectional area, meeting the requirements for miniaturized installation. At the same time, the use of lightweight materials for the base 100, reflector bracket 200, and the rational design of the voice coil motor 600 achieves a lightweight overall fast reflector mechanism, making it better suited for applications with strict requirements on size and weight, such as portable devices and microsatellite payloads.

[0050] The design of the moving magnet voice coil motor 600 eliminates the need for lead wires in the rotating part of the reflector, reducing interference torque and improving system accuracy. The excitation coil 300 uses enameled wire winding, providing excellent heat dissipation and minimizing the impact of heat generation on deflection accuracy and stability. Furthermore, the voice coil motor 600 itself features high driving force density, good control linearity, and fast response, enabling it to quickly and accurately respond to control system commands and achieve rapid adjustment of the reflector's attitude, meeting the high precision and fast response requirements of modern optical systems.

[0051] The reflector bracket 200 and the base 100 are connected by a flexible hinge, which reduces the impact of mechanical stress on the mirror surface shape and improves the optical performance and reliability of the reflector. Meanwhile, the moving magnet voice coil motor 600 has a simple structural design and no lead wires in the rotating parts, reducing the risk of system failure due to wiring faults and further enhancing the reliability of the entire fast-reflecting mirror mechanism.

[0052] The permanent magnet 400 can extend into the excitation coil 300 while maintaining a certain annular movement gap 500. In existing technologies, the permanent magnet 400 lacks this annular movement gap 500; instead, it connects to the reflector support 200 via a flexible joint. Compared to existing technologies, the annular movement gap 500 provides greater freedom for the linear movement of the permanent magnet 400 within the excitation coil 300. In existing technologies, the flexible joint imposes certain constraints on the movement of the permanent magnet 400. This solution eliminates this constraint, allowing the permanent magnet 400 to respond more smoothly to the driving force generated by the voice coil motor. This directly improves the angle adjustment flexibility of the reflector support 200 under voice coil motor drive, enabling the reflector to achieve more precise and rapid attitude adjustment, meeting the stringent requirements of high-precision optical systems for line-of-sight pointing control.

[0053] When using flexible joints, deformation of the joints during long-term use can generate mechanical stress, which is transmitted to the reflector bracket 200, affecting the reflector's surface shape and ultimately negatively impacting image quality and aiming accuracy. In this solution, the absence of flexible joints avoids this stress transmission path, significantly reducing the impact on the reflector's surface shape. This helps maintain the reflector's optical performance stability, ensuring the system consistently maintains high image quality and aiming accuracy.

[0054] The annular gap 500 facilitates airflow between the permanent magnet 400 and the excitation coil 300. When the excitation coil 300 generates heat during operation, the airflow effectively removes the heat. Combined with the excellent heat dissipation properties of the enameled wire used in the excitation coil 300, this further improves heat dissipation efficiency. In contrast, flexible joints may impede airflow to some extent, hindering heat dissipation. Good heat dissipation effectively reduces the impact of heat generation on system accuracy, ensuring the stability of the fast-reflecting mirror mechanism during long-term operation.

[0055] The design of the annular movable gap 500 greatly simplifies the connection structure between the permanent magnet 400 and the reflector support 200. Existing flexible joint structures are relatively complex and prone to failure during long-term use, such as joint aging and breakage, which can lead to system failure. This solution reduces this potential failure point, and the simplified structure lowers maintenance costs and difficulty, improving the reliability of the entire fast reflector mechanism and enabling it to operate more stably in various application scenarios.

[0056] In some examples, a winding frame 700 is mounted on a base 100, and an excitation coil 300 is wound around the winding frame 700. The winding frame 700 has an insertion space 710, into which a permanent magnet 400 extends, forming an annular movable gap 500 with the inner wall of the insertion space 710. The reflector bracket 200 has a support portion 210, and the base 100 has a support protrusion 110, which is flexibly hinged to the support portion 210. The winding frame 700, the excitation coil 300, and the base 100 are fixed together by potting with thermally conductive adhesive. The annular movable gap 500 is square-ringed, and the lower end of the permanent magnet 400 is spaced from the bottom of the insertion space 710.

[0057] For example, the winding frame 700 is a hollow cuboid structure, mounted on the base 100. Its outer wall is used to wind the excitation coil 300, and the hollow interior forms an insertion space 710. The dimensions of the insertion space 710 are adapted to the permanent magnet 400, allowing the permanent magnet 400 to smoothly extend into it, and a square annular movable gap 500 is formed between the permanent magnet 400 and the inner wall of the insertion space 710. The shape design of the winding frame 700 can fully utilize the internal space of the fast-reflecting mirror mechanism, making the structure more compact.

[0058] The winding frame 700 provides stable winding support for the excitation coil 300, ensuring that the excitation coil 300 will not shift or deform during operation, thus improving the reliability of the coil assembly composed of the excitation coil 300 and the winding frame 700 under impact and vibration environments. Simultaneously, its hollow structure accommodates the permanent magnet 400, and the resulting annular movable gap 500 ensures both the movement space of the permanent magnet 400 and facilitates airflow and heat dissipation.

[0059] The support portion 210 of the reflector bracket 200 is integrally formed or tightly connected to the reflector bracket 200. Its shape and position are designed according to its fit with the base 100 and the overall structural stability. The support protrusion 110 on the base 100 is also designed to fit with the support portion 210, and is generally an upward protruding structure. The support portion 210 and the support protrusion 110 are connected by a flexible hinge, which can provide flexible rotation within a small angle range and has a certain restoring force.

[0060] The support portion 210 and the support protrusion 110 are connected by a flexible hinge, providing a stable connection between the reflector bracket 200 and the base 100. This also ensures that the reflector bracket 200 can rotate flexibly under the drive of the voice coil motor 600, enabling attitude adjustment of the reflector. This connection method effectively reduces the impact of mechanical stress on the reflector surface shape, improving the optical performance of the reflector and the stability of the entire mechanism.

[0061] The winding bobbin 700, excitation coil 300, and base 100 are encapsulated and fixed together using thermally conductive adhesive. The thermally conductive adhesive has good thermal conductivity and adhesion properties, and can tightly fill the gaps between the winding bobbin 700, excitation coil 300, and base 100, achieving a firm connection between the three.

[0062] The potting process reduces the use of additional connectors, facilitating integrated design and reducing overall size, thus meeting miniaturization requirements. Secondly, the thermally conductive adhesive used in the potting process has less impact on the magnetic field, preventing interference with the magnetic field interaction between the excitation coil 300 and the permanent magnet 400, ensuring the normal operation of the voice coil motor 600. Most importantly, the thermally conductive adhesive transfers the heat generated by the excitation coil 300 to the base 100, utilizing the base 100's large heat dissipation area to effectively prevent mirror deformation caused by coil heating, ensuring the high precision of the fast-reflecting mirror mechanism.

[0063] The annular gap 500 is square-ring shaped, matching the shape of the extension space 710 of the winding frame 700 and the permanent magnet 400, providing uniform movement space for the permanent magnet 400 within the extension space 710. The permanent magnet 400 is designed as a solid cuboid structure, with its lower end spaced apart from the bottom of the extension space 710.

[0064] The annular gap 500 ensures the permanent magnet 400's freedom of movement in all directions, allowing it to move more smoothly in a straight line under the magnetic field generated by the excitation coil 300. The gap between the lower end of the permanent magnet 400 and the bottom of the inserted space 710 prevents the permanent magnet 400 from colliding with the bottom of the winding frame 700 during movement, protecting both the permanent magnet 400 and the winding frame 700. Furthermore, this gap facilitates airflow, further enhancing heat dissipation.

[0065] The design of the winding frame 700 makes full use of the internal space of the mechanism, making the structure more compact. At the same time, the support of the winding frame 700 for the excitation coil 300 and the thermally conductive adhesive potting method improve the reliability of the coil assembly under impact and vibration environments and reduce the risk of performance degradation due to component loosening or displacement.

[0066] The thermally conductive adhesive potting effectively transfers heat to the base 100 for heat dissipation. Combined with the air circulation channel formed by the annular movable gap 500 and the lower end of the permanent magnet 400, the heat dissipation effect is improved, avoiding mirror deformation caused by heat generation, ensuring the high precision of the fast reflector mechanism, and meeting the strict requirements for imaging quality and aiming accuracy.

[0067] The potting design reduces additional connectors, facilitating miniaturization and integrated design, making the entire fast reflector mechanism simpler and more compact, and meeting the miniaturization requirements of modern optical systems. Meanwhile, the support 210 and support protrusion 110 are connected by a flexible hinge, ensuring the reflector can be flexibly adjusted while further enhancing the overall stability of the mechanism.

[0068] Another embodiment of this disclosure proposes a reflection method utilizing a small-volume, high-precision, fast-reflecting mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor. Several permanent magnets 400 are installed within their respective excitation coils 300, with an annular movable gap 500 between each magnet and the excitation coil 300. Under the magnetic force of their corresponding excitation coil 300, each permanent magnet 400 actuates and adjusts the angle of the reflector support 200, thereby achieving the adjustment of the reflector's reflection angle. When the excitation coil 300 acts magnetically on the permanent magnets 400, the reflection angle is adjusted based on the coercivity H of the permanent magnets 400. c The size of the excitation coil 300, the number of turns N of the excitation coil 300, and the current I in the excitation coil 300 are used to determine the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400, thereby enabling controllable control of the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400.

[0069] For example, several permanent magnets 400 are mounted within their respective excitation coils 300 with annular movable gaps 500 between them. By passing current through the excitation coil 300, a magnetic field is generated. This magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 400, thus producing a magnetic force that drives the permanent magnets 400 to move. Since the permanent magnets 400 are fixedly connected to the reflector support 200, the coordinated movement of several permanent magnets 400 can adjust the angle of the reflector support 200, ultimately achieving adjustment of the reflector's reflection angle to meet different optical application requirements.

[0070] During the process where the excitation coil 300 acts magnetically on the permanent magnet 400, the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400 is determined based on several key factors, thereby achieving controllable control of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 400. The specific factors involved are as follows:

[0071] The coercivity H of permanent magnet 400 c H is a magnetic property parameter of the permanent magnet 400, reflecting its ability to resist demagnetization by an external magnetic field. Different types and specifications of permanent magnets 400 have different coercivities. When determining the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400, the coercivity H is... c This is a fundamental parameter that affects the response characteristics of the permanent magnet 400 under the magnetic field of the excitation coil 300. A permanent magnet with higher coercivity is less likely to demagnetize under the same magnetic field conditions and can maintain its magnetic state more stably, providing a stable basis for precise control of magnetic force.

[0072] The dimensions of the excitation coil 300 include its length, width, height, and the diameter of the winding wire. These dimensional parameters directly affect the strength and distribution of the magnetic field generated by the excitation coil 300. For example, a larger coil, under the same number of turns and current, can generate a stronger magnetic field, thus applying a greater magnetic force to the permanent magnet 400. Simultaneously, the shape and size of the coil also affect the uniformity of the magnetic field, thereby influencing the uniformity and stability of the magnetic force experienced by the permanent magnet 400. In practical design, the dimensions of the excitation coil 300 need to be precisely designed based on the overall dimensional constraints of the fast-reflecting mirror mechanism and the requirements for the magnitude and distribution of the magnetic force.

[0073] The number of turns N of the excitation coil 300 is one of the key factors determining the magnetic field strength of the excitation coil 300. The more turns, the greater the magnetic field strength generated by the excitation coil 300 when the same current is applied, and the greater the magnetic force exerted on the permanent magnet 400. By adjusting the number of turns of the excitation coil 300, the magnitude of the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400 can be flexibly controlled within a certain range. However, increasing the number of turns also brings some problems, such as increased coil resistance and increased heat generation. Therefore, a balance needs to be struck between magnetic force requirements and other performance requirements.

[0074] The current I in the excitation coil 300 is the most direct and easily controlled parameter. By changing the magnitude of the current flowing through the excitation coil 300, the magnetic field strength can be adjusted in real time, thereby precisely controlling the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400. In practical applications, the control system calculates and adjusts the current I flowing through the excitation coil 300 in real time according to the required attitude, angle, speed, and other requirements of the reflector, achieving precise control of the movement of the permanent magnet 400, and thus accurately adjusting the reflection angle of the reflector.

[0075] Both the permanent magnet 400 and the excitation coil 300 are square. When the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400 is determined, the magnetic field generated by the excitation coil 300 exerts an upward thrust on the permanent magnet 400. This causes the moving part, with the permanent magnet 400 at its core, to move upward, thereby driving the reflector bracket 200 to move axially upward. In this embodiment, the axial force ultimately exerted by the excitation coil 300 on the equivalent coil of the permanent magnet 400 is the superposition of the forces between each turn of the coil. Therefore, taking the first turn of both coils as an example, by solving the expression for its force and then performing recursive calculations, the expression for the final overall axial force can be obtained.

[0076] The length, width, and height of the permanent magnet 400 are a1, b1, and c1, respectively; the length, width, and height of the excitation coil 300 are a2, b2, and c2, respectively; the number of turns of the coil is N; the magnitude of the current flowing through the excitation coil 300 is I; and the vertical distance from the top of the permanent magnet 400 to the top of the excitation coil 300 is h.

[0077] like Figure 3 The diagram shown is an equivalent structure diagram of a voice coil motor. If the two rectangular coils (one a single-turn coil of the excitation coil, and the other a single-turn rectangular coil equivalent to a permanent magnet) are each represented as four segments of DC wire, then the interaction force F between the first turns of the two coils is... 11 It can be expressed by equation (1):

[0078] F 11 =F a +F b +F c +F d (1)

[0079] Among them, F a ,F b ,F c ,F d These represent the forces exerted by each straight conductor in the equivalent coil of excitation coil 300 on the permanent magnet 400. Since the two coils themselves have a rectangular symmetrical structure and their central axes coincide, F... a =F c ,F b =F d Equation (1) simplifies to:

[0080] F 11 =2F a +2F b (2)

[0081] F a and F b The calculation and analysis methods are consistent; here, we take F as an example. a Let's take an example to analyze and explain. F a It can be expressed by equation (3):

[0082] F a =F ae +F af +F ag +F ah (3)

[0083] In the formula F ae ,F af ,F ag ,F ah Let f be the force exerted by each segment of the excitation coil 300 on segment a. Since the current direction in segment a is perpendicular to the current direction in segments f and h, the force exerted by these two segments on segment a is zero. Equation (3) can be simplified to Equation (4):

[0084] F a =F ae +F ag (4)

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, to simplify the equivalent action diagram of the conductors, the attractive force between the excitation coil 300 and the permanent magnet 400 is defined as a positive force. Combining the Biot-Savart law, the force F between conductor a and conductor e can be approximated. ae for:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, μ0 is the free permeability, and d ae θ is the distance between the two ends of the conductor. ae Let I be the angle between the forces acting on the two conductors and the axis. y This is the equivalent current of the permanent magnet. The component of this force in the axial direction is F. aez for:

[0088]

[0089] Substituting the dimensions of the permanent magnet and the excitation coil, and using trigonometric formulas, d is calculated. ae and θ ae Substituting into equation (6), we get:

[0090]

[0091] The force exerted by the first turn of the excitation coil on the first turn of the equivalent coil of the permanent magnet can be calculated using this method.

[0092]

[0093] When a permanent magnet is equivalent to a coil, based on the "equivalent model of a permanent magnet" and the "principle of magnetomotive force equivalence", we have NI y =H c c1, where H c For the coercivity of permanent magnets, I y For the equivalent current of the permanent magnet, I in equation (8) y After substitution and summation, the expression for the final axial force exerted by the excitation coil on the permanent magnet is as follows:

[0094]

[0095] Where μ0 is the permeability of free space, π is pi, and n and m are natural numbers; the length, width, and height of the permanent magnet are a1, b1, and c1, respectively; the length, width, and height of the excitation coil are a2, b2, and c2, respectively; h is the vertical distance from the top of the permanent magnet to the top of the excitation coil; F z H represents the Z-axis force exerted by the excitation coil on the permanent magnet, where N is the number of turns in the excitation coil, and H is the number of turns in the excitation coil. c The coercivity of the permanent magnet is given by I, and the magnitude of the current flowing through the excitation coil is given by I.

[0096] Through precise design and control, the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400 can be precisely controlled, ensuring that the reflector can adjust the reflection angle with the expected accuracy and speed, meeting the stringent requirements of high precision and fast response for fast reflectors in fields such as adaptive optics, laser communication, and aerospace exploration.

[0097] In adaptive optics systems, it is necessary to compensate for wavefront distortion caused by external disturbances such as atmospheric turbulence in real time and rapidly. Therefore, the reflection method needs to possess extremely high response speed and accuracy. In this scenario, the control of the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400 needs to be more precise and rapid. This can be achieved by employing a high-speed response current-driven circuit, ensuring that the current H in the excitation coil 300 can be quickly adjusted. c To meet the ever-changing compensation requirements, the coercivity of the permanent magnet 400 and the size and number of turns of the excitation coil 300 were optimized to minimize system inertia and improve response speed while ensuring sufficient magnetic force. Furthermore, by incorporating real-time feedback from a high-precision wavefront sensor, closed-loop control of the reflector angle was implemented to further improve the system's adaptive compensation accuracy.

[0098] Laser communication systems demand extremely high pointing accuracy and stability from reflectors to ensure accurate laser signal transmission. In this application, the reflection method focuses on improving the precision of angle adjustment and long-term stability. Besides precisely controlling the magnetic force on the permanent magnet 400, strict temperature control is also required for the fast reflector mechanism, as temperature changes can affect the magnetism of the permanent magnet 400 and the resistance of the excitation coil 300, thus affecting the magnitude and stability of the magnetic force. A temperature sensor can be used to monitor the mechanism's temperature in real time, and a temperature control system can be used to heat or cool the mechanism to maintain temperature stability. Simultaneously, the coercivity of the permanent magnet 400 and the performance of the excitation coil 300 are periodically tested and calibrated to ensure that the reflector maintains a high-precision reflection angle adjustment capability throughout long-term operation.

[0099] Aerospace exploration environments are complex, with various interference factors such as vibration and radiation. In such scenarios, reflection methods require strong anti-interference capabilities. On one hand, the fast-reflecting mirror mechanism is reinforced to improve its seismic resistance, ensuring the relative position of the permanent magnet 400 and excitation coil 300 remains stable under vibration, without affecting the normal function of the magnetic force. On the other hand, radiation-resistant measures are taken for the permanent magnet 400 and excitation coil 300, such as using materials with good radiation resistance or special shielding treatment, to prevent radiation from affecting magnetic and circuit performance. In terms of control, a more robust control algorithm is employed, combining information from multiple sensors for fusion processing to improve the reliability of magnetic control of the permanent magnet 400, ensuring the reflector can accurately adjust the reflection angle in complex aerospace environments to meet the requirements of the exploration mission.

[0100] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure and are not intended to limit it. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this disclosure, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A small volume high precision fast mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a small volume high-precision fast mirror mechanism based on voice coil motor, comprising: a base (100) and a mirror support (200) which is flexibly hinged to the base (100); a plurality of excitation coils (300) arranged on the base (100); a plurality of permanent magnets (400) arranged on the mirror support (200), each of the permanent magnets (400) extending into one of the excitation coils (300) and having an annular movable gap (500) with the excitation coil (300).

2. The small volume high precision fast mirror mechanism based on a voice coil motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnets (400) and the excitation coils (300) are square.

3. The small volume high precision fast mirror mechanism based on voice coil motor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The excitation coils (300) and the permanent magnets (400) constitute voice coil motors (600), there are four voice coil motors (600) which are symmetrically distributed in pairs.

4. The small volume high precision fast mirror mechanism based on voice coil motor according to claim 2, characterized in that, Further comprising: a winding framework (700) arranged on the base (100), the excitation coils (300) being arranged on the winding framework (700), the winding framework (700) having an extension space (710) into which the permanent magnets (400) extend and form the annular movable gap (500) with the inner wall of the extension space (710).

5. The small volume high precision fast mirror mechanism based on voice coil motor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mirror support (200) has a support portion (210), and the base (100) has a support protrusion (110) which is flexibly hinged to the support portion (210).

6. The small volume high precision fast mirror mechanism based on voice coil motor according to claim 4, wherein, The winding framework (700), the excitation coils (300) and the base (100) are connected by heat-conducting glue.

7. The small volume high precision fast mirror mechanism based on voice coil motor according to claim 4, wherein, The annular movable gap (500) is square annular, and the lower end of the permanent magnet (400) is spaced from the bottom of the extension space (710).

8. A method of reflection, characterized in that The small volume high-precision fast mirror mechanism based on voice coil motor of any one of claims 1-7, a plurality of permanent magnets (400) are installed in the respective excitation coils (300) with an annular movable gap (500) with the excitation coils (300), each permanent magnet (400) is under the magnetic force of the respective corresponding excitation coil (300), a plurality of permanent magnets (400) act and adjust the angle of the mirror support (200), so as to realize the adjustment of the reflection angle of the mirror.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, When the excitation coil (300) acts on the permanent magnet (400) by magnetic force, the magnetic force acting on the permanent magnet (400) is determined according to the coercive force H c of the permanent magnet (400), the size of the excitation coil (300), the number of turns N of the excitation coil (300), and the current I in the excitation coil (300), so that the magnetic force acting on the permanent magnet (400) is controllably controlled.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The permanent magnets (400) and the excitation coils (300) are square, when the magnetic force acting on the permanent magnet (400) is determined, the following formula is used: Wherein, μ0 is the vacuum permeability, π is the circular constant, n, m are natural numbers; the length, width and height of the permanent magnet are a1, b1, c1 respectively; the length, width and height of the excitation coil are a2, b2, c2 respectively; h is the vertical distance from the top of the permanent magnet to the top of the excitation coil, F z is the Z-axis force of the excitation coil on the permanent magnet, N is the number of turns of the excitation coil, H c is the coercive force of the permanent magnet, and the size of the current flowing in the excitation coil is I.

Images