Display device, method and head-mounted device

Abstract

The invention provides a display device and method and a head-mounted device, and belongs to the technical field of enhanced display, the display device comprises an optical machine, an optical waveguide lens, an optical compensator and a controller, the optical compensator is located on an optical transmission path between the optical machine and the optical waveguide lens, and the controller is electrically connected with the optical compensator; a light machine configured to output display light; the controller is configured to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data based on the working condition parameters, and determine a target compensation angle based on the temperature compensation data and the dispersion compensation data; wherein the working condition parameters at least comprise the environment temperature and the driving current of the light machine; and the light compensator is configured to adjust the incident angle of the display light to the optical waveguide lens based on the target compensation angle so as to deflect the display light. Through the display device provided by the invention, the display light can be deflected to improve the dispersion deviation and improve the visual quality and the sense of reality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of enhanced display technology, and specifically relates to a display device, method, and head-mounted device. Background Technology

[0002] The combination of microLED modules and optical waveguide systems inherently involves manufacturing and assembly errors. Positioning deviations of the three primary color light paths at the micrometer / sub-milliradian level, as well as the sensitivity of the grating coupler to the incident angle, both cause angular deviations in the displayed light when coupled into the waveguide. Simultaneously, the nonlinear differences in coupling efficiency between the waveguide mirrors and the grating for different wavelengths ultimately lead to significant chromatic dispersion, thus affecting visual quality and realism. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, embodiments of this application provide a display device, method, and head-mounted device to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a display device, comprising: an optical engine, an optical waveguide lens, an optical compensator, and a controller. The optical compensator is located on the optical transmission path between the optical engine and the optical waveguide lens, and the controller is electrically connected to the optical compensator. The optical engine is configured to output display light. The controller is configured to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data based on operating parameters, and to determine a target compensation angle based on the temperature compensation data and the dispersion compensation data. The operating parameters include at least ambient temperature and the drive current of the optical engine. The optical compensator is configured to adjust the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens based on the target compensation angle, thereby deflecting the display light.

[0005] In some embodiments, the optical compensator is an adjustable wedge device based on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The adjustable wedge device includes a first transparent plate, a second transparent plate, a compressible medium, and a driving device. The compressible medium is disposed between the first transparent plate and the second transparent plate. The driving device includes at least one control electrode and a driving circuit disposed on the first transparent plate and / or the second transparent plate. The control electrode is disposed on the outer surface of the first transparent plate away from the second transparent plate and / or the outer surface of the second transparent plate away from the first transparent plate. The driving circuit is connected to the control electrode. The display device further includes a memory, which stores a temperature compensation table and a dispersion compensation table. The temperature compensation table includes temperature compensation data corresponding to various different ambient temperatures, and the dispersion compensation table includes dispersion compensation data corresponding to various different driving currents.

[0006] In some embodiments, the display light includes a red light component, a blue light component, and a green light component. The temperature compensation table is obtained through the following steps: under various different ambient temperatures, determining the first angle drift corresponding to each of the red light component, the blue light component, and the green light component, and using the first angle drift corresponding to each of the red light component, the blue light component, and the green light component as the temperature compensation data to generate the temperature compensation table; wherein, the first angle drift represents the change in the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens caused by the change in ambient temperature; The dispersion compensation table is obtained through the following steps: under the various different driving currents, the second angle drift corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component, and the green light component is determined, and the second angle drift corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component, and the green light component is used as the dispersion compensation data to generate the dispersion compensation table; wherein, the second angle drift represents the change in the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens caused by the change in the driving current.

[0007] In some embodiments, determining the dispersion compensation data corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component, and the green light component based on the second angle drift includes: using the dispersion compensation data determined for each color component as the pre-calibrated wavelength dispersion compensation data corresponding to the color component; generating the dispersion compensation table and storing it in the memory includes: determining the current ratio corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component, and the green light component under various different driving currents; based on the current ratio, determining the color component with the highest current ratio as the target emission color; and determining the pre-calibrated wavelength dispersion compensation data corresponding to the target emission color as the dispersion compensation data corresponding to the current ratio to generate the dispersion compensation table.

[0008] In some embodiments, the memory further stores a mapping table between compensation angle and driving voltage, the optical compensator includes a beam deflection unit with an integrated driving electrode, the driving electrode being electrically connected to the controller; the controller is further configured to, based on the target compensation angle, query the mapping table between compensation angle and driving voltage to obtain the target driving voltage corresponding to the target compensation angle; and apply the target driving voltage to the driving electrode of the optical compensator to cause the optical compensator to deform and deflect the display light.

[0009] In some embodiments, when the target driving voltage is applied to the driving electrode of the light compensator to cause the light compensator to deform and deflect the display light, the controller is further configured to: Obtain the initial compensation value of the optical compensator, which is used to compensate for the optical path deviation caused by the optomechanical tolerance; and drive the optical compensator to deflect based on the driving voltage corresponding to the initial compensation value.

[0010] In some embodiments, determining a target compensation angle based on temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data includes: determining a first compensation angle of the display light based on the temperature compensation data, wherein the first compensation angle is the angular drift of the display light at the current ambient temperature; determining a second compensation angle of the display light based on the dispersion compensation data, wherein the second compensation angle is the angular drift of the display light at the current driving current; and adding the first compensation angle and the second compensation angle to obtain the target compensation angle.

[0011] In some embodiments, the operating parameters further include eye position coordinates, and the controller is further configured to determine the deflection correction coefficient of the light compensator based on the eye position coordinates, and update the target compensation angle based on the deflection correction coefficient; wherein the deflection correction coefficient is used to compensate for image drift caused by eye movement.

[0012] A second aspect of this application provides a display compensation method applied to the display device described in the first aspect of this application, the display compensation method comprising: The controller acquires operating parameters to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data; wherein the operating parameters include at least the ambient temperature and the drive current of the optomechanical system; based on the temperature compensation data and the dispersion compensation data, the target compensation angle is determined; the optical compensator adjusts the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens according to the target compensation angle to deflect the display light.

[0013] A third aspect of this application provides a head-mounted device, which includes the display device described in the first aspect of this application.

[0014] The display device provided in this embodiment includes: an optical engine, an optical waveguide lens, an optical compensator, and a controller. Since the optical compensator is located on the optical transmission path between the optical engine and the optical waveguide lens, and the controller is electrically connected to the optical compensator, the optical engine is configured to output display light. The controller is configured to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data based on operating parameters, and to determine a target compensation angle based on the temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data. The operating parameters include at least the ambient temperature and the drive current of the optical engine. The optical compensator is configured to deflect the display light based on the target compensation angle. By adjusting the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens, temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data of the display light can be obtained through operating parameters. This allows for the determination of the coupling angle error caused by micron-level positioning deviation and grating angle sensitivity, thus obtaining the target compensation angle. Then, the optical compensator adjusts the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens based on the target compensation angle to deflect the display light. The deflected display light can achieve real-time and precise active optical compensation for angle deviation and color separation caused by manufacturing tolerances and material dispersion, thereby obtaining stable, clear, and color-pure augmented reality images. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a system schematic diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adjustable wedge device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of an optical compensator provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an optical compensator with a zero deflection angle provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an optical compensator with a non-zero deflection angle provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of display compensation provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9It is aimed at Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the workflow of a pre-calibrated database is provided. Figure 10 It is aimed at Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a workflow for determining the target compensation angle is provided.

[0017] Figure label: 1-Optical mechanism; 2-Optical waveguide lens; 3-Optical compensator; 4-Controller; 21A-Adjustable wedge device; 211-First transparent plate; 212-Second transparent plate; 213-Compressible medium; 22-Drive device; 221-Control electrode; 222-Drive circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of this application and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0019] In related technologies, unavoidable tolerances exist in the manufacturing and assembly processes of optomechanical and waveguide optical systems. The manufacturing precision of components such as miniature RGB (Red, Green, Blue) micro-projectors, waveguide lenses, and grating couplers is difficult to achieve at an ideal zero-error level. For example, perfect alignment of the RGB three-way optical path module is challenging, and the coupling angle of the grating structure is extremely sensitive to minute manufacturing tolerances (such as those at the micrometer / sub-milliradian level), resulting in incident angle deviations when the displayed light couples into the waveguide lens. However, these tolerances are objectively present and cannot be completely eliminated under current manufacturing processes.

[0020] Furthermore, dispersion and spectral response are angle-dependent and material-dependent nonlinear phenomena. The coupling efficiency of waveguide lenses and gratings for display light of different wavelengths (i.e., the RGB primary colors) is nonlinear. Even if the theoretical incident angles of the RGB display light are the same, the coupling efficiency of display light of different wavelengths still differs when actually coupled. Simultaneously, the internal material properties of the waveguide lenses, such as the grating lithography layer, coating, and Fresnel lens structure, also introduce small but cumulative dispersion changes. These factors collectively lead to the unavoidable dispersion phenomenon in optomechanical + waveguide systems in some application scenarios, specifically manifesting as color fringing, blurring, or color separation at image edges, severely affecting the user's visual experience and the realism of the image.

[0021] In view of this, this embodiment provides a display device, which includes an optical engine, an optical waveguide lens, an optical compensator, and a controller. The optical compensator is located on the optical transmission path between the optical engine and the optical waveguide lens, and the controller is electrically connected to the optical compensator. The controller can generate temperature compensation parameters and dispersion compensation data according to operating parameters such as ambient temperature and optical engine drive current, and obtain the target compensation angle according to the temperature compensation parameters and dispersion compensation parameters. Then, it drives the optical compensator to deflect the display light in real time, thereby correcting the incident angle deviation and color separation caused by manufacturing tolerances and material dispersion, and finally outputting a stable, clear and color-pure augmented reality image.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a system schematic diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As can be seen from the diagram, the display device includes: an optical engine 1, an optical waveguide lens 2, an optical compensator 3, and a controller 4. The optical compensator 3 is located on the optical transmission path between the optical engine 1 and the optical waveguide lens 2, and the controller 4 is electrically connected to the optical compensator 3. The optical engine 1 is configured to output display light. The controller 4 is configured to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data based on operating parameters, and determine the target compensation angle based on the temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data. The operating parameters include at least the ambient temperature and the driving current of the optical engine 1. The optical compensator 3 is configured to adjust the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens 2 based on the target compensation angle to deflect the display light.

[0023] In this embodiment, the optical engine 1 is a device that generates display light for virtual images, specifically a micro-display module. The optical waveguide lens 2 is a lens that diffracts in the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide lens 2 includes an insertion region, a conduction region, and an exit region. The insertion region and the exit region are provided with diffraction gratings for controlling the propagation direction of the display light. Without the optical compensator 3, the display light from the optical engine 1 first reaches the insertion region. The grating in the insertion region is responsible for redirecting the display light into the optical waveguide lens 2. The display light then propagates laterally in the conduction region in the form of total internal reflection. Finally, the display light reaches the exit region. The grating in the exit region is responsible for redirecting the display light again, causing it to leave the optical waveguide lens 2 and exit to the target location (e.g., the human eye).

[0024] Changes in ambient temperature alter the relative position between the optical engine 1 and the optical waveguide lens 2. Simultaneously, temperature changes the refractive angle of the materials used in the waveguide and grating optical components of the optical waveguide lens 2. This can be specifically detected using a temperature sensor. The driving current of the optical engine 1 directly reflects the displayed image content; the magnitude and proportion of the driving current determine the brightness and primary colors of the image. Furthermore, the wavelength and intensity of the light emitted by the optical engine 1 change with the driving current. Therefore, different driving currents may result in different optimal coupling angles for the optical waveguide lens 2. Thus, the operating parameters must at least include the ambient temperature and the driving current of the optical engine 1.

[0025] The optical compensator 3 is a component that adjusts the propagation direction of the display light. The optical compensator 3 can be an adjustable wedge (TWedge) device based on micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), or other optical devices that can be deflected. There are no restrictions on this. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adjustable wedge device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As can be seen from the diagram, the adjustable wedge device 21A includes a first transparent plate 211, a second transparent plate 212, and a compressible medium 213 disposed between the first transparent plate 211 and the second transparent plate 212. The adjustable wedge device 21A also includes a driving device 22, which includes at least one control electrode 221 and a driving circuit 222 disposed on the first transparent plate 211 and / or the second transparent plate 212. The control electrode 221 is used to drive the first transparent plate 211 and / or the second transparent plate 212 to deflect. Generally, the control electrode 221 is disposed on the outer surface of the first transparent plate 211 away from the second transparent plate 212 and / or on the outer surface of the second transparent plate 212 away from the first transparent plate 211. The driving circuit 222 is connected to the control electrode 221. The driving circuit 222 is disposed on the side of the first transparent plate 211 away from the second transparent plate 212.

[0026] When the adjustable wedge device is in the initial state, the first transparent plate 211 and the second transparent plate 212 are parallel to each other so that the adjustable wedge device is in a plate shape; when the adjustable wedge device is in the deflection state, the first transparent plate 211 and / or the second transparent plate 212 deflect and squeeze the compressible medium 213 so that the adjustable wedge device is in a wedge shape.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the first transparent plate 211 and the second transparent plate 212 can be made of transparent glass or transparent plastic.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the material of the compressible medium 213 can be a liquid or an elastically compressible solid. Specifically, the liquid can be liquid crystal, oil, water, or a mixture of the above substances, and the solid can be silicone resin, polymer gel, etc.

[0029] As can be seen, the TWedge device mainly consists of two flat glass plates and the liquid inside them. Pressure is applied to the flat glass plates by a piezoelectric ceramic and other driving systems, causing the flat glass plates to deflect and squeeze the liquid. This causes the liquid lens to deform from a flat plate to a wedge shape, which in turn causes the incident angle of the light emitted by the optical engine to change on the liquid lens.

[0030] Therefore, TWedge devices possess the ability to electrically control various deformations such as bending, twisting, stretching, and compression, enabling precise and controllable deflection of the optical path in both the X and Y dimensions during transmission. Beam deflection element 3 has the following characteristics: supports I2C interface; response time less than 1ms; independent controllable deflection angles in both the X and Y dimensions; and deflection accuracy higher than 0.1 degrees.

[0031] For example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As can be seen from the image, the optical compensator 3 is located between the optical engine 1 and the optical waveguide lens 2, that is, on the optical transmission path.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of an optical compensator provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 It can be seen that i is the incident angle, the angle between the light and the normal before the light enters the optical compensator; r is the refraction angle, the angle between the light and the normal after the light enters the optical compensator; α is the wedge angle, the geometric angle of the optical compensator; β is the deflection angle, the total deflection angle of the light after it exits; and n1 is the refractive index, the refractive index of the material of the optical compensator. Therefore, the optical compensator (3) deflects the light beam through its physical structure (wedge angle α and refractive index n1), and its characteristic is that the deflection angle β satisfies the relationship β = (n1-1) * α. Through this physical effect, the optical compensator (3) can accurately modulate the incident angle of the light entering the optical waveguide lens (2).

[0033] Because the optical compensator 3 can deflect the incident angle of the display light into the optical waveguide lens 2, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an optical compensator with a zero deflection angle provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5It can be seen that when the compensation angle of the optical compensator 3 for the display light is 0°, the incident angle of the display light incident from the optical engine 1 into the optical waveguide lens 2 does not change, and consequently, the image reflected from the optical waveguide lens 2 to the human eye will not change. The image will retain all the visual defects caused by temperature drift and dispersion. In addition, when it is not necessary to compensate for the real light, the compensation angle of the optical compensator can be zero degrees.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical compensator with a non-zero deflection angle, provided in an embodiment of this application; from Figure 6 It can be seen that when the compensation angle of the optical compensator 3 for the display light is greater than 0°, and this compensation angle is to compensate for the angle deviation caused by changes in ambient temperature and driving current, the incident angle of the display light from the optical engine 1 into the optical waveguide lens 2 is deflected. This allows the display light to be incident closer to the direction of the optimal coupling angle of the grating in the optical waveguide lens 2, thereby improving coupling efficiency and suppressing dispersion. Ultimately, the image reflected by the optical waveguide lens 2 to the human eye is clearer and the colors are purer. Therefore, the optical compensator 3 can deflect the propagation direction of the display light incident from the optical engine 1 to the optical waveguide lens 2, thereby compensating for the angle deviation caused by changes in the external environment and the driving current of the optical engine 1 before the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens 2.

[0035] Since the controller 4 is electrically connected to the optical compensator 3, the controller 4 is configured to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data based on the operating parameters. The temperature compensation data is used to correct the change in the relative position between the optical engine 1 and the optical waveguide lens 2 and the refractive index of the optical material caused by the ambient temperature or the thermal effect of the equipment itself, which causes the incident angle of the display light to drift. The dispersion compensation data is used to compensate for the dispersion phenomenon caused by the nonlinear difference in the coupling efficiency of the optical waveguide lens 2 and the grating for display light of different wavelengths, which causes the three-color optical path in the display light to be misaligned.

[0036] Therefore, controller 4 can determine the target compensation angle based on temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data. Specifically, it converts the temperature compensation data into the corresponding temperature compensation angle and the dispersion compensation data into the corresponding dispersion compensation angle, and then adds the temperature compensation angle and dispersion compensation angle to obtain the target compensation angle. The target compensation angle is used to counteract the effects of temperature drift and dispersion, ensuring that the display light is optimally coupled into the waveguide lens 2 using pupil expansion technology. This waveguide lens, through its internal diffraction grating structure, can replicate and expand the incident display light within the waveguide, thereby expanding the exit pupil and ensuring that the user can observe a complete image within a larger range of eye movement.

[0037] Finally, the controller 4 controls the light compensator 3 to deflect the display light according to the target compensation angle, so as to adjust the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens 2, thereby overcoming the incident angle deviation when the display light is coupled into the optical waveguide lens 2, and ensuring that the output of the optical waveguide lens 2 is still clear, stable and free of chromatic aberration after being expanded by the pupil expansion technology.

[0038] For example, suppose the initial incident angle of the display light is 30° and the target compensation angle is +0.5°. Then, the controller 4 will drive the optical compensator 3 to deflect the display light from 30° to 30.5° before it is incident on the waveguide lens 2. A precise incident angle is a prerequisite for the efficient operation of the pupil expansion structure (such as a diffraction grating) inside the waveguide. Only when the display light enters at the optimal designed angle can the subsequent pupil expansion process (the propagation and replication of light within the waveguide) produce a uniform and bright output image, avoiding dark areas or uneven brightness.

[0039] In summary, the display device provided in this embodiment can achieve real-time and accurate active compensation for optical deviations caused by dynamic changes in ambient temperature and display content, thereby providing users with a stable, clear, and dispersion-free high-quality augmented reality experience.

[0040] In some embodiments, the display device further includes a memory storing a temperature compensation table and a dispersion compensation table. The temperature compensation table includes temperature compensation data corresponding to various different ambient temperatures, and the dispersion compensation table includes dispersion compensation data corresponding to various different drive currents.

[0041] In this embodiment, the memory can be a non-volatile memory, storing a temperature compensation table and a dispersion compensation table. Both the temperature compensation table and the dispersion compensation table are pre-calibrated data. The temperature compensation table includes temperature compensation data corresponding to various ambient temperatures. The temperature compensation data is used to compensate for changes in the relative position between the optomechanical system 1 and the optical waveguide lens 2, as well as changes in the refractive index of the optical materials, caused by ambient temperature, which result in changes in the incident angle of the display light. The temperature compensation data is applied to the initial incident angle of the display light, ensuring that the display light can couple into the optical waveguide lens 2 at a stable angle at different temperatures, thereby maintaining a constant virtual image position.

[0042] Dispersion compensation data is used to compensate for the dispersion phenomenon caused by the nonlinear difference in coupling efficiency between the optical waveguide lens 2 and the grating for display light of different wavelengths, which leads to misalignment of the display light. By compensating for the dispersion in the incident angle of the display light with the dispersion compensation data, the color fringing and color separation at the image edges can be eliminated, ensuring that the virtual image has pure colors and sharp edges. In this embodiment, the temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data can be compensation angle values, or data such as control parameters, drive signals, or lookup table indexes used to generate the compensation angle.

[0043] In some embodiments, the display light includes a red light component, a blue light component, and a green light component. The optomechanical system combines the red, blue, and green light components of the display light into a single beam. The temperature compensation table is obtained through the following steps: under various different ambient temperatures, the first angle drift corresponding to each of the red, blue, and green light components is determined, and the first angle drift corresponding to each of the red, blue, and green light components is used as temperature compensation data to generate a temperature compensation table; wherein, the first angle drift represents the change in the angle of the waveguide lens at the incident light of the display light caused by changes in ambient temperature.

[0044] The dispersion compensation table is obtained through the following steps: under various different driving currents, the second angle drift corresponding to the red light component, blue light component and green light component is determined, and the second angle drift corresponding to the red light component, blue light component and green light component is used as dispersion compensation data to generate a dispersion compensation table; wherein, the second angle drift represents the angle change of the display light incident light waveguide lens caused by the change of driving current.

[0045] In this embodiment, the display light is a composite of three specific wavelengths: red, blue, and green light. Because of their different wavelengths, red, green, and blue light exhibit different refractive indices, diffraction angles, and temperature sensitivities when passing through optical materials (e.g., gratings). Therefore, before storing the temperature compensation table and dispersion compensation table in the memory, this embodiment needs to calibrate and determine the corresponding first angle drift for each of the red, blue, and green light components under various ambient temperatures. The first angle drift characterizes the change in the angle of the waveguide lens incident on the display light caused by changes in ambient temperature. Then, based on the first angle drift, the corresponding temperature compensation data for each of the red, blue, and green light components is determined, and a temperature compensation table is generated and stored in the memory.

[0046] The emission wavelengths of the red, blue, and green light components in the display light emitted by optical engine 1 drift with changes in the driving current. Furthermore, changes in the brightness of the display light can also alter the coupling efficiency. Therefore, the driving current of optical engine 1 directly affects the color and brightness of the image and is the primary variable causing chromatic dispersion. Thus, under various driving currents, it is necessary to determine the second angle drift for each of the red, blue, and green light components. The second angle drift characterizes the change in the angle of the waveguide mirror incident on the display light caused by changes in the driving current. Then, the second angle drift is determined as the dispersion compensation data for each of the red, blue, and green light components, and a dispersion compensation table is generated and stored in memory.

[0047] In some embodiments, determining the dispersion compensation data corresponding to each of the red, blue, and green light components based on the second angle drift includes: using the dispersion compensation data determined for each color component as the pre-calibrated wavelength dispersion compensation data corresponding to the color component; generating a dispersion compensation table and storing it in a memory includes: determining the current ratio corresponding to each of the red, blue, and green light components under various different driving currents; determining the color component with the highest current ratio as the target emission color based on the current ratio; and determining the pre-calibrated wavelength dispersion compensation data corresponding to the target emission color as the dispersion compensation data corresponding to the current ratio to generate a dispersion compensation table.

[0048] In this embodiment, the dispersion compensation data determined for each color component is first used as the pre-calibrated wavelength dispersion compensation data for that color component. Then, based on the second angle drift, the dispersion compensation data required for each color component to reach its ideal state is determined and used as the pre-calibrated wavelength dispersion compensation data for that color component. For example, under the driving current, green light enters the waveguide at an ideal incident angle of 30°, at which point the coupling efficiency is highest. However, due to the change in the driving current, the actual measured coupling angle of the green light is 30.2°. At this time, the dispersion compensation data (second angle drift) is -2°, which is used as the pre-calibrated wavelength dispersion compensation data. Then, under various driving currents, the current ratios corresponding to the red, blue, and green light components are determined. Based on these current ratios, the color component with the highest current ratio is identified as the target emission color. The pre-calibrated wavelength dispersion compensation data corresponding to the target emission color is then used as the dispersion compensation data corresponding to the current ratio to generate a dispersion compensation table. For example, if the current ratios for the red, blue, and green light components are 10:10:100, and the green component is the target emission color, assuming the dispersion compensation data for the red, blue, and green components are -0.05°, +0.03°, and -2° respectively, then the dispersion compensation data for the green component (-2°) is used as the dispersion compensation data under the current ratio to generate the dispersion compensation table. This compensation method can be used in scenes where most of the image area is dominated by a certain primary color, which the human eye is most sensitive to in terms of accuracy. By compensating for deviations in the primary color, real-time, high-performance dispersion compensation is achieved, resolving visual discomfort and dispersion problems.

[0049] In some embodiments, the memory also stores a mapping table of compensation angle and driving voltage. The optical compensator 3 includes a beam deflection unit with an integrated driving electrode. The driving electrode is electrically connected to the controller 4. The controller 4 is also configured to query the mapping table of compensation angle and driving voltage based on the target compensation angle to obtain the target driving voltage corresponding to the target compensation angle. The target driving voltage is applied to the driving electrode of the optical compensator 3 so that the optical compensator 3 generates deformation deflection display light.

[0050] In this embodiment, the memory also stores a mapping table between compensation angle and driving voltage. Knowing the compensation angle allows the determination of the driving voltage value. For example, assuming the target compensation angle is +0.5°, after the controller 4 queries the mapping table, the target driving voltage corresponding to the target compensation angle is +3.2V. The optical compensator 3 includes a beam deflection unit with integrated driving electrodes. The beam deflection unit can be a dynamic optical element based on liquid crystal, piezoelectric, or microelectromechanical principles. The driving electrodes are electrically connected to the controller 4. When controlling the optical compensator 3 to deflect the display light, only the corresponding driving voltage needs to be applied to the driving electrodes. Therefore, the controller 4 can obtain the target driving voltage corresponding to the compensation angle by querying the mapping table based on the target compensation angle. Then, the controller 4 can apply the target driving voltage to the driving electrodes of the optical compensator 3, causing the optical compensator 3 to deform and deflect the display light. For example, assuming the target compensation angle is +0.5°, after the controller 4 queries the mapping table, it finds that the target driving voltage corresponding to this angle is +3.2V. Subsequently, controller 4 applies a voltage of +3.2V to the driving electrode of optical compensator 3. The piezoelectric beam deflection unit undergoes a corresponding microscopic deformation under this applied electric field, thereby accurately deflecting the displayed light by +0.5°, completing the correction.

[0051] In some embodiments, when a target driving voltage is applied to the driving electrode of the optical compensator 3 to cause the optical compensator 3 to generate deformation deflection display light, the controller 4 is further configured to: acquire the initial compensation value of the optical compensator 3, the initial compensation value being to compensate for the optical path deviation caused by the tolerance of the optomechanical 1; and drive the optical compensator 3 to deflect based on the driving voltage corresponding to the initial compensation value.

[0052] In this embodiment, after the optical engine 1, optical waveguide lens 2, and optical compensator 3 are assembled, the entire device has an inherent static deviation, regardless of temperature and dispersion. Therefore, before applying the target driving voltage to the driving electrode of the optical compensator 3 to cause the optical compensator 3 to deform and deflect to display light, the static deviation can be eliminated first. Specifically, the initial compensation value of the optical compensator 3 is obtained. The initial compensation value can be obtained from the equipment manual of the optical engine 1, or it can be obtained through calibration in a constant temperature and humidity environment. Specifically, the dynamic compensation function of the optical compensator 3 is disabled or the driving voltage is zero, driving the optical engine 1 to display one or more specific test patterns. Then, the actual image projected through the optical waveguide lens 2 is captured by a camera. The actual image and the test image are compared to obtain the pixel offset of the image, and then the pixel offset is converted into an angular deviation value, i.e., the static deviation. Next, the mapping table of compensation angle and driving voltage is consulted, and the calculated initial compensation value is applied to the optical compensator 3, causing the optical compensator 3 to deflect. The optical engine 1 is then driven to display the test pattern, and the image is verified by the camera to see if it has been corrected to the ideal position. If the requirements are not met, adjustments are made until the pixel error between the actual image and the test image is within the preset range.

[0053] In some embodiments, determining a target compensation angle based on temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data includes: determining a first compensation angle of the display light based on temperature compensation data, wherein the first compensation angle is the angular drift of the display light at the current ambient temperature; determining a second compensation angle of the display light based on dispersion compensation data, wherein the second compensation angle is the angular drift of the display light at the current driving current; and adding the first compensation angle and the second compensation angle to obtain the target compensation angle.

[0054] In this embodiment, since the temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data can be compensation angle values, or data such as control parameters, drive signals, or lookup table indexes used to generate the compensation angle, it is necessary to determine the first compensation angle of the displayed light based on the temperature compensation data and the second compensation angle of the displayed light based on the dispersion compensation data. Adding the first and second compensation angles together yields the target compensation angle. For example, based on the temperature compensation data, the controller 4 can look up the temperature compensation table and find that the temperature compensation data corresponding to the current ambient temperature is +0.3°. Since the temperature compensation data itself is an angle, it is directly determined as the first compensation angle θ1 = +0.3°. Simultaneously, based on the dispersion compensation data, the controller 4 can look up the dispersion compensation table and find that the dispersion compensation data corresponding to the current drive current ratio is +0.1°, so it is directly determined as the second compensation angle θ2 = +0.1°. Finally, the target compensation angle θ_target = θ1 + θ2 = +0.4°.

[0055] In some embodiments, the operating parameters also include eye position coordinates, and the controller 4 is further configured to determine the deflection correction coefficient of the light compensator 3 based on the eye position coordinates, and update the target compensation angle based on the deflection correction coefficient; wherein the deflection correction coefficient is used to compensate for image drift caused by eye movement.

[0056] In this embodiment, the operating parameters may also include eye position coordinates. These coordinates can be obtained in real-time by an eye-tracking module on the display device that captures the user's eye position and posture. An image algorithm is then used to acquire the user's eye position coordinates. These coordinates are then compared with a reference eye position (the position of the current display light after reflection from the waveguide lens 2) to determine the positional deviation between the current and reference eye position coordinates. This determines the deflection coefficient of the optical compensator 3, which is used to compensate for image drift caused by eye movement. Specifically, it can be a dimensionless multiplier or a small angular quantity. The target compensation angle is then updated based on the deflection correction coefficient. For example, if the eye-tracking module detects that the eye position coordinates have changed to (+2mm, 0, 0), meaning the user's pupil has shifted 2mm to the right horizontally, the controller 4 determines the deviation between the current eye position (+2mm, 0, 0) and the reference eye position (0, 0, 0), obtaining a horizontal deviation ΔX = +2mm. The controller 4 can then query a pre-calibrated eye position-coefficient lookup table. This table defines how the eye position is scaled to achieve the final compensation effect. When the eye moves +2mm to the right, a coefficient K_eye = 0.8 is obtained from the table. A coefficient less than 1 means the user is looking to the right, so the full rightward compensation angle does not need to be applied. Therefore, the initial target compensation angle is +0.5°, the eye-tracking correction coefficient is K_eye = 0.8, and the final updated target compensation angle is +0.5° × 0.8 = +0.4°. Furthermore, when the eye is in the reference position (ΔX = 0), the coefficient K_eye = 1.0, and the updated target compensation angle is consistent with the initial target compensation angle.

[0057] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating a display compensation process provided in an embodiment of this application, applied to the display device described in the above embodiments. Figure 7 As can be seen from this, the steps of the display compensation method include: Step S701: Obtain operating parameters through the controller to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data; wherein, the operating parameters include at least the ambient temperature and the drive current of the optomechanical system.

[0058] In this embodiment, the controller first acquires operating parameters. Ambient temperature can be provided by one or more temperature sensors integrated within the display device. These sensors can be positioned close to the optomechanical unit. Ambient temperature reflects the overall thermal state caused by the external environment and the heat generated during operation, and is the main cause of slow-changing systematic drift such as mechanical deformation and changes in the refractive index of the optical system. The driving current is the optomechanical driving current directly derived from the image driving signal. The magnitude of the driving current reflects the content (color and brightness) of the current display image and is the root cause of dynamic dispersion in the waveguide lens due to differences in wavelength-dependent coupling efficiency. Based on the ambient temperature and driving current, the controller queries the temperature compensation table and dispersion compensation table pre-stored in the memory to obtain the corresponding temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data.

[0059] Step S702: Determine the target compensation angle based on the temperature compensation data and the dispersion compensation data.

[0060] In this embodiment, temperature compensation data is used to compensate for the drift in the incident angle of the display light caused by changes in the relative position between the optical engine and the waveguide lens, as well as the refractive index of the optical materials, due to ambient temperature. Dispersion compensation data is used to compensate for the dispersion phenomenon caused by the nonlinear difference in coupling efficiency between the waveguide lens and the grating for different wavelengths of display light, resulting in display light misalignment. The controller can arithmetically add the angle drift values ​​of the temperature compensation data and the dispersion compensation data, combining the compensation values ​​for different physical causes into a unified and precise target compensation angle command. The target compensation angle represents the final deflection amount that the optical compensator needs to achieve. The target compensation angle can simultaneously overcome temperature drift and dispersion phenomena, ensuring that the display light can couple into the waveguide lens at the optimal incident angle, thus laying the foundation for outputting a clear, stable, and dispersion-free image.

[0061] Step S703: The display light is deflected by the optical compensator according to the target compensation angle to adjust the angle at which the display light is incident on the optical waveguide lens.

[0062] In this embodiment, the controller sends the calculated target compensation angle (a digital value) to the drive circuit of the optical compensator. The drive circuit typically stores or embeds a mapping table between the compensation angle and the drive voltage. By consulting this table based on the target compensation angle, the target compensation angle can be converted into a drive voltage that can directly drive the optical compensator. This drive voltage is applied to the drive electrodes of the optical compensator. Depending on the specific working principle of the optical compensator, a corresponding physical effect will occur, which ultimately manifests as an instantaneous change in the spatial attitude or optical characteristics of the beam deflection unit. This causes the display light emitted from the optomechanism, which originally had an angular deviation, to have its propagation direction deflected before entering the coupling region of the optical waveguide lens. Furthermore, the incident angle of the deflected display light dynamically matches the optimal second angle drift of the optical waveguide lens grating under the current operating conditions.

[0063] For example, the following will be done through Figures 8-10 , combined Figures 1-7 The application process of the display device provided in this embodiment will be described in detail.

[0064] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As can be seen, a pre-calibration database needs to be established before the optical compensator can operate. The pre-calibration database consists of temperature compensation tables, static compensation tables, and dispersion compensation tables stored in non-volatile memory.

[0065] Figure 9 It is aimed at Figure 8 This provides a schematic diagram of the workflow for a pre-calibrated database. From... Figure 9 It can be seen that the process of establishing pre-calibrated data involves manufacturing tolerance calibration, environmental temperature characteristic calibration, and dispersion characteristic calibration.

[0066] Manufacturing tolerance calibration can be performed at a standard temperature (25℃) using a high-precision spectrometer and angular resolution camera. This involves measuring the initial incident angle, coupling efficiency, and dispersion values ​​(such as the color shift Δλ for each wavelength) of the red, green, and blue light components emitted by the optomechanical system under different driving currents. By controlling the optical compensator to output gradient deflection angles of 0°, 0.05°, and 0.1°, the optical path parameters at each deflection angle are recorded, establishing a correspondence between "optical compensator deflection angle - dispersion value - coupling efficiency," i.e., a static compensation table, which is then stored in non-volatile memory.

[0067] Ambient temperature characteristic calibration can be performed by simulating a temperature range of -10℃ to 50℃ in a temperature control chamber, repeating the above measurement every 5℃, recording the first angle drift of the red, green and blue light components at different ambient temperatures, and generating a "temperature-angle compensation correction value" lookup table, i.e., a temperature compensation table.

[0068] Dispersion characteristic calibration can be performed on nonlinear coupling efficiency at different wavelengths by recording the second angle drift of the red, green and blue light components in the display light under different driving currents, generating a dispersion compensation table and storing it in memory.

[0069] After storing all the tables in the non-volatile memory, when the display device is working, the controller can first perform static compensation on the optical compensator. Static compensation involves reading the pre-calibrated initial compensation value (the reference angle at standard temperature) and driving the optical compensator to complete the initial angle adjustment, eliminating inherent optical path deviations caused by manufacturing and assembly tolerances. For example, if a device measures a red light incident angle deviation of 0.15°, the system directly calls the corresponding voltage value from the static compensation table and drives the optical compensator to deflect by 0.15° for correction.

[0070] After the driver light compensator completes static compensation, the controller also needs to perform temperature compensation and dispersion compensation on the display light. Figure 10 It is aimed at Figure 9 This provides a schematic diagram of a workflow for determining the target compensation angle. Combined with... Figure 10 As can be seen, the controller obtains the current ambient temperature through a temperature sensor. Based on the ambient temperature, it can look up the temperature compensation table to obtain the first compensation angle. The controller reads the current drive current of the optomechanical system, determines the current ratios of the red, green, and blue light components in the current drive current, then determines the color gamut distribution of the image, and then looks up the dispersion compensation table. If red dominates the image, the red light compensation weight is increased, and the corresponding wavelength compensation data is called to determine the second compensation angle. Finally, the first and second compensation angles are added together to obtain the target compensation angle.

[0071] Finally, the controller queries the mapping table between the compensation angle and the driving voltage by the target compensation angle, converts the target compensation angle into a driving voltage, and then applies the driving voltage to the driving electrode of the optical compensator. This causes the optical compensator to adjust the incident angle of the display light onto the optical waveguide lens, thereby completing the compensation of the display light.

[0072] This application also provides a head-mounted device, which includes the display device of the first aspect of this application.

[0073] In this embodiment, the head-mounted device can be AR glasses, VR head-mounted displays, MR helmets, or other extended reality devices, or it can be smart glasses with display functions, industrial maintenance auxiliary glasses, medical surgical navigation equipment, or other professional head-mounted equipment. By integrating a display device, the head-mounted device can include and apply the optical engine, optical waveguide lens, optical compensator, and controller in the aforementioned embodiments of this application, thereby inheriting and possessing all the technical effects brought by the display device, such as real-time dynamic optical compensation for temperature drift, dispersion phenomena, and user eye movements, ultimately providing users with a stable, clear, dispersion-free, and immersive visual experience.

[0074] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0075] Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods and apparatus according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0076] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes the element.

[0078] The above provides a detailed description of the display device, method, and head-mounted device provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A display device, characterized in that, The display device comprises: an optical engine, an optical waveguide lens, an optical compensator located on an optical transmission path between the optical engine and the optical waveguide lens, and a controller electrically connected to the optical compensator; the optical engine is configured to output display light; the controller is configured to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data based on working condition parameters, and determine a target compensation angle based on the temperature compensation data and the dispersion compensation data; wherein the working condition parameters at least include ambient temperature and driving current of the optical engine; the optical compensator is configured to adjust an angle of the display light incident to the optical waveguide lens based on the target compensation angle, so as to deflect the display light.

2. The display device of claim 1, wherein, The optical compensator is a tunable wedge device based on a micro-electro-mechanical system, which comprises a first transparent flat plate, a second transparent flat plate, a compressible medium and a driving device. The compressible medium is arranged between the first transparent flat plate and the second transparent flat plate. The driving device comprises at least one control electrode and a driving circuit arranged on the first transparent flat plate and / or the second transparent flat plate. The control electrode is arranged on an outer surface of the first transparent flat plate away from the second transparent flat plate and / or an outer surface of the second transparent flat plate away from the first transparent flat plate. The driving circuit is connected to the control electrode. The display device further comprises a memory, in which a temperature compensation table and a dispersion compensation table are stored. The temperature compensation table comprises temperature compensation data corresponding to a plurality of different ambient temperatures. The dispersion compensation table comprises dispersion compensation data corresponding to a plurality of different driving currents.

3. The display device of claim 2, wherein, The display light comprises red light component, blue light component and green light component. The temperature compensation table is obtained by the following steps: determining first angle drift amounts corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component and the green light component respectively under the plurality of different ambient temperatures, and taking the first angle drift amounts corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component and the green light component respectively as the temperature compensation data to generate the temperature compensation table; wherein the first angle drift amount represents an angle change of the display light incident to the optical waveguide lens caused by the ambient temperature change; The dispersion compensation table is obtained by the following steps: determining second angle drift amounts corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component and the green light component respectively under the plurality of different driving currents, and taking the second angle drift amounts corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component and the green light component respectively as the dispersion compensation data to generate the dispersion compensation table; wherein the second angle drift amount represents an angle change of the display light incident to the optical waveguide lens caused by the driving current change.

4. The display device of claim 3, wherein, The dispersion compensation data corresponding to each color component is determined based on the second angle drift amount, which comprises: taking the dispersion compensation data of each color component as pre-calibration wavelength dispersion compensation data corresponding to the color component; The dispersion compensation table is generated and stored in the memory, which comprises: Determine current ratios corresponding to the red light component, the blue light component and the green light component respectively under a plurality of different driving currents; Determine a color component with the highest current ratio as a target light-emitting color based on the current ratios; Determine pre-calibration wavelength dispersion compensation data corresponding to the target light-emitting color as dispersion compensation data corresponding to the current ratio to generate the dispersion compensation table.

5. The display device of claim 2, wherein, The memory further stores a compensation angle and driving voltage mapping relationship table, and the light compensator comprises a beam deflection unit integrated with a driving electrode, and the driving electrode is electrically connected with the controller; The controller is further configured to query the compensation angle and driving voltage mapping relationship table based on the target compensation angle to obtain a target driving voltage corresponding to the target compensation angle; Apply the target driving voltage to the driving electrode of the light compensator to make the light compensator deform to deflect the display light.

6. The display device of claim 5, wherein, In the step of applying the target driving voltage to the driving electrode of the light compensator to make the light compensator deform to deflect the display light, the controller is further configured to: Obtain an initial compensation value of the light compensator, and the initial compensation value is used to compensate for light path deviation caused by the optical engine tolerance; And drive the light compensator to deflect based on a driving voltage corresponding to the initial compensation value.

7. The display device of claim 2, wherein, Determine a target compensation angle based on temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data, comprising: Determine a first compensation angle of the display light based on the temperature compensation data, and the first compensation angle is an angle drift amount of the display light corresponding to a current environmental temperature; Determine a second compensation angle of the display light based on the dispersion compensation data, and the second compensation angle is an angle drift amount of the display light corresponding to a current driving current; Add the first compensation angle and the second compensation angle to obtain the target compensation angle.

8. The display device of claim 2, wherein, The working condition parameters further comprise an eye position coordinate, and the controller is further configured to determine a deflection correction coefficient of the light compensator based on the eye position coordinate, and update the target compensation angle based on the deflection correction coefficient; wherein the deflection correction coefficient is used to compensate for image drift caused by eye movement.

9. A display compensation method, characterized by, The method is applied to the display device of any one of claims 1-8, and the method comprises: Obtain working condition parameters by a controller to obtain temperature compensation data and dispersion compensation data; wherein the working condition parameters at least comprise an environmental temperature and a driving current of the optical engine; Determine a target compensation angle based on the temperature compensation data and the dispersion compensation data; Adjust an angle of the display light incident to the optical waveguide mirror according to the target compensation angle by a light compensator to deflect the display light.

10. A head-mounted device, characterized by The head-mounted device comprises the display device of any one of claims 1-8. The head-mounted device comprises the display device of any one of claims 1-8.

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