Traveling wave resonant ring with adjustable gain
By introducing an adjustable power divider and a reflective phase shifter into the traveling wave resonant ring, the problem of the non-adjustable coupling degree of the directional coupler is solved, and dynamic adjustment of power gain and optimization of size are realized to meet the needs of different devices under test.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610051822.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-06
AI Technical Summary
The coupling degree of the directional coupler of the traditional traveling wave resonator is not adjustable, which means that the directional coupler needs to be redesigned to adapt to different devices under test, and the size is large, making it difficult to adapt to actual working scenarios.
Adjustable power dividers and reflective phase shifters are used to replace directional couplers. Power distribution and phase are adjusted through adjustable short-circuit stubs and reflective phase shifters to achieve dynamic adjustment of gain. The size is optimized through a five-screw tuner.
The traveling wave resonator achieved dynamic adjustment of power gain, reduced device size, improved equipment reuse rate, and maintained maximum power gain under different insertion loss scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN121618167A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of passive devices in electronic information / radio frequency / broadcast television, and specifically relates to a gain-adjustable traveling wave resonant ring. Background Technology
[0002] High-power microwave devices are core components of microwave systems, and their performance directly affects the overall operation of the system. Therefore, aging is a crucial step before deployment. Aging essentially applies electrical and thermal stress to the devices, effectively filtering out those with potential defects or unstable performance, thus significantly improving their stability and reliability in actual operation. In practical applications, high-power microwave devices often operate under extreme conditions such as high voltage, high current, and complex electromagnetic environments. Failure under these harsh conditions can not only paralyze the entire microwave system but also potentially cause serious safety accidents and substantial economic losses. Therefore, finding an efficient and reliable aging technology has become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the field of microwave technology.
[0003] In high-power applications, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of devices such as klystron output ceramic windows, ceramic isolation windows, waveguide valves, and energy multipliers, high-power load tests and aging tests are often required before the devices are put into use. Traveling wave resonator rings are often used in high-power experimental devices due to their economic and high-performance characteristics.
[0004] A traveling wave resonant ring is a traveling wave type microwave energy storage structure. It is a closed loop composed of waveguide structures. The device is mainly composed of directional couplers, rectangular waveguides and phase shifters. Its characteristics are that the microwave power is the same at all points in the resonant ring, and the combination of components in the loop is flexible. Various required devices can be inserted according to the needs, so it is very convenient to insert the device under test.
[0005] Traditional traveling wave resonator loops (TWRs) have a fixed coupling degree in their directional couplers, lacking dynamic adjustment capability. When the device under test (DUT) is replaced, the difference in its insertion loss directly alters the total insertion loss of the loop. Since the power gain of the resonator loop is strongly correlated with the total insertion loss and coupling degree, the power gain coefficient of the TWR loop will change significantly. It is important to note that each resonator loop system with specific insertion loss parameters corresponds to an optimal coupling degree that achieves maximum power gain. Therefore, a directional coupler with a corresponding coupling degree needs to be designed based on the insertion loss of the DUT, which greatly limits the application of TWRs in different scenarios. Summary of the Invention
[0006] Purpose of the invention: Traditional traveling wave resonator rings suffer from the inherent drawback of non-adjustable coupling of directional couplers. When dealing with different types of devices under test, it is often necessary to redesign matching directional couplers, and their large geometric dimensions are also difficult to adapt to actual working scenarios. To overcome the above technical limitations, this invention proposes a gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator ring.
[0007] Technical solution: A gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator ring, comprising: an adjustable power divider, a reflective phase shifter, a rectangular waveguide, a five-screw matching circuit, and a device under test;
[0008] The adjustable power divider includes four ports: port 1 serves as the signal input terminal of the resonant loop, port 2 serves as the load terminal of the resonant loop, port 3 is connected to the reflective phase shifter through the rectangular waveguide, and port 4 is connected to the five-screw tuner through the rectangular waveguide. The five-screw tuner is connected to one end of the device under test (DUT) through the rectangular waveguide, and the other end of the DUT is connected to the reflective phase shifter, thus achieving a closed-loop connection.
[0009] The adjustable power divider includes two H-plane 3dB couplers, a first E-plane 3dB coupler, an E-plane connection stub, and a first adjustable short-circuit stub. The first adjustable short-circuit stub is connected to ports 2 and 3 of the first E-plane 3dB coupler. Port 2 of the first H-plane 3dB coupler and port 1 of the second H-plane 3dB coupler are connected through the E-plane connection stub. Port 3 of the first H-plane 3dB coupler is connected to port 1 of the first E-plane 3dB coupler, and port 4 of the second H-plane 3dB coupler is connected to port 4 of the first E-plane 3dB coupler.
[0010] Port 1 of the first H-plane 3dB coupler is used as port 1 of the adjustable power divider, and port 4 of the first H-plane 3dB coupler is used as port 4 of the adjustable power divider.
[0011] The second port of the 3dB coupler on the second H-plane serves as the second port of the adjustable power divider, and the third port of the 3dB coupler on the second H-plane serves as the third port of the adjustable power divider.
[0012] Furthermore, the first adjustable short-circuit stub is controlled by a motor, and the power distribution of ports 2 and 3 of the adjustable power divider is controlled by changing the length of the first adjustable short-circuit stub.
[0013] Furthermore, the reflective phase shifter includes: a second E-plane 3dB coupler and a second adjustable short-circuit stub; ports 2 and 3 of the second E-plane 3dB coupler are connected to the second adjustable short-circuit stub, port 3 of the adjustable power divider is connected to port 1 of the second E-plane 3dB coupler through a rectangular waveguide, and port 4 of the second E-plane 3dB coupler is connected to the device under test through a rectangular waveguide.
[0014] Furthermore, the five-screw tuner is a two-port element. One end of the five-screw tuner is connected to the device under test via a rectangular waveguide, and the other end is connected to the four ports of the adjustable power divider via a rectangular waveguide.
[0015] Furthermore, the five-screw tuner consists of a transmission waveguide section and adjusting screws arranged on both sides of the transmission waveguide. One side of the transmission waveguide section is equipped with three adjusting screws, and the other side is equipped with two adjusting screws.
[0016] Furthermore, the five-screw mixer can be replaced with a three-screw mixer.
[0017] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0018] (1) Compared with the traditional traveling wave resonant ring, the present invention replaces the directional coupler with an adjustable power divider. The adjustable power divider can dynamically adjust the power distribution ratio between the through end (2-port) and the coupling end (3-port) by adjusting the length of the short-circuit stub, so as to realize the dynamic adjustment of the power gain of the traveling wave resonant ring. It can achieve continuous adjustment of the coupling degree from 3dB to 20dB, which solves the problem of fixed coupling degree of the directional coupler in the traditional traveling wave resonant ring. It can adjust the coupling degree according to the insertion loss of the device under test, so as to ensure that the traveling wave resonant ring is in the maximum power gain state. This adjustment method has almost no effect on the operating frequency of the device. Therefore, it can be used to test devices with various insertion losses in the operating frequency band, which greatly increases the equipment reuse rate of the traveling wave resonant ring.
[0019] (2) Since the traveling wave resonant ring needs to ensure that the phase of the propagating wave in the waveguide does not change after it circles the resonant ring once, the total length of the device in the ring is often a multiple of the wavelength of the propagating wave. Therefore, the lower the frequency, the larger the size of the traveling wave resonant ring. This invention adjusts the electrical length of the entire resonant ring by using a reflective phase shifter, thereby effectively reducing the overall size of the traveling wave resonant ring. Compared with the traditional traveling wave resonant ring, it has a smaller size and greater flexibility.
[0020] (3) The traveling wave resonant ring proposed in this invention is used in the 650MHz-750MHz frequency band. Within the operating frequency range, the port power distribution of the adjustable power divider can be changed by adjusting the length of the first adjustable short-circuit stub, and then the length of the second adjustable short-circuit stub can be adjusted accordingly to ensure that the resonant ring meets the energy multiplication condition. This invention has good performance in the operating frequency band. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional traveling wave resonant ring.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 3This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustable power divider proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the reflective phase shifter proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the five-screw mixer proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 7 This is a front view of the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 8 This is a side view of the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 9 This is a top view of the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0031] The schematic diagram of a traditional traveling wave resonant ring is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, port 3 of the directional coupler is connected to a reflective phase shifter, a device under test (DUT), and a five-screw tuner via a rectangular waveguide, and finally connected to port 4 of the directional coupler to form a loop. The input signal at port 1 of the directional coupler is partially coupled into the loop. Since the signal's phase remains unchanged after propagating around the loop, the signal at port 3 of the directional coupler, after propagating along the loop, through the reflective phase shifter, the DUT, and the five-screw tuner to port 4, and then back to port 3, exhibits a phase change that is an integer multiple of 2π, which can be considered as if the signal's phase has not changed. Therefore, the signal power in the loop continuously accumulates until the power coupled out of the loop equals the power coupled into the loop, at which point the power in the loop reaches its peak. Due to engineering design considerations, the actual length of the loop often deviates from the theoretical length. Simultaneously, it is desirable for the designed traveling wave resonant loop to have a certain operating bandwidth. Therefore, a reflective phase shifter is incorporated into the loop to ensure phase matching.
[0032] The gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator proposed in this embodiment of the invention has the following schematic diagram: Figure 2 As shown, the three-dimensional structure diagram is as follows: Figure 3As shown, the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator mainly consists of an adjustable power divider 1, a reflective phase shifter 2, a rectangular waveguide 3, a five-screw tuner 4, and a device under test (DUT). In this embodiment of the invention, the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator is a two-port device. One port is connected to the input signal, which is called the signal input terminal, and the other port is connected to a high-power load resistor, which is called the load terminal.
[0033] In this embodiment of the invention, the adjustable power divider 1 consists of three 3dB couplers and a motor-controlled adjustable short-circuit stub. The power distribution between ports 2 and 3 is controlled by changing the length of the short-circuit stub. Port 3 of the adjustable power divider is connected to a reflective phase shifter, a device under test (DUT), and a five-screw tuner via a rectangular waveguide, and finally connected to port 4 of the adjustable power divider, forming a loop. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, 3dB couplers 1 and 2 are used for power distribution. 3dB coupler 3 and the adjustable short-circuit stub controlled by the motor together form a reflective phase shifter. The phase change of the reflective phase shifter is changed by changing the length of the adjustable short-circuit stub by the motor, thereby realizing the dynamic adjustment of power distribution at ports 2 and 3 of the adjustable power divider 1. The reflective phase shifter in the loop and the reflective phase shifter in the adjustable power divider have the same principle, but the phase change is different. The reflective phase shifter in the loop is mainly used for phase compensation to ensure that the phase does not change after the signal propagates one revolution along the resonant loop.
[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the topmost device is the adjustable power divider 1. This device has four ports, each with dimensions identical to those of a standard WR1150 rectangular waveguide. For ease of understanding, the figures are labeled accordingly. , , , These represent ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 of each device. Port 1 of the adjustable power divider 1 is connected to the signal input of the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator loop; port 2 of the adjustable power divider 1 is connected to the load of the gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator loop; port 3 of the adjustable power divider 1 is connected to port 1 of the reflective phase shifter 2 via a rectangular waveguide 3; and port 4 of the adjustable power divider 1 is connected to port 2 of the reflective phase shifter 2 via a rectangular waveguide 3. A five-screw tuner 4 is inserted in the middle to adjust the reflection loss of the entire loop.
[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the adjustable power divider 1 has the following appearance: Figure 4As shown, specifically, the adjustable power divider 1 consists of two H-plane 3dB couplers 11, a first E-plane 3dB coupler 12, an E-plane connecting stub 13, and a first adjustable short-circuit stub 14. The inner wall dimensions of all waveguide components are consistent with the inner wall dimensions of a standard WR1150 waveguide. The connection method is as follows: the first adjustable short-circuit stub 14 is connected to ports 2 and 3 of the first E-plane 3dB coupler 12, forming a 2-port phase shifter with dynamically adjustable phase shift angle. Port 2 of the first H-plane 3dB coupler 11 and port 1 of the second H-plane 3dB coupler 11 are connected via the E-plane connecting stub 13. Port 3 of the first H-plane 3dB coupler is connected to port 1 of the first E-plane 3dB coupler 12, and port 4 of the second H-plane 3dB coupler is connected to port 4 of the first E-plane 3dB coupler 12. Figure 4 In the diagram, the 3-port of the first E-side 3dB coupler 12 is obscured by the E-side connecting branch 13, so it cannot be directly marked. The location of the 3-port of the first E-side 3dB coupler 12 is indicated by the label number 3.
[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the external shape of the reflective phase shifter 2 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. The reflective phase shifter 2 has the same structure and principle as the phase shifter in the adjustable power divider 1. It consists of a second E-plane 3dB coupler 21 and a second adjustable short-circuit stub 22. Ports 2 and 3 of the second E-plane 3dB coupler 21 are connected to the second adjustable short-circuit stub 22. The inner wall dimensions of the devices are standard WR1150 waveguides. Because the signal undergoes total reflection in the adjustable short-circuit stub 22, the signal input at port 1 can reach port 4 with almost no loss. Changing the length of the second adjustable short-circuit stub 22 only affects the phase of the output signal at port 4.
[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the five-screw mixer 4 has the following shape: Figure 6 As shown, the transmission waveguide is a standard WR1150 waveguide, with three adjusting screws on one side and two adjusting screws on the other. The inner dimensions of the waveguide wall are the same as those of the standard WR1150 waveguide. The five-screw tuner 4 is mainly used to adjust the impedance matching of the loop, minimizing reflection losses caused by impedance mismatch in the loop.
[0038] The gain-adjustable traveling wave resonator proposed in this invention can also be applied to traveling wave resonators of other frequencies, as well as to traveling wave resonators of other power levels, such as 1kW or 10kW gain-adjustable traveling wave resonators, and to traveling wave resonators of other power gain levels, such as 10x or 20x power gain-adjustable traveling wave resonators.
[0039] The gain-adjustable traveling-wave resonator proposed in this invention firstly replaces the fixed-coupling directional coupler with an adjustable power divider, enabling dynamic adjustment of the power distribution between the through and coupled ends. This means the coupling degree of the device is dynamically adjustable. Therefore, when the total insertion loss within the loop changes, the power distribution of the adjustable power divider can be adjusted to ensure the traveling-wave resonator still has the maximum power gain coefficient. Furthermore, this design has another advantage: using a reflective phase shifter to adjust the phase change of the signal within the resonator effectively reduces the length of the traveling-wave resonator, especially when used at lower frequencies. Because the propagation wavelength within a rectangular waveguide is longer, traditional traveling-wave resonators are larger and more inconvenient for practical applications.
Claims
1. A gain-adjustable traveling wave resonant ring, characterized by: The application relates to a tunable power divider, a reflection phase shifter, a rectangular waveguide, a five-screw matching device and a device to be measured. The tunable power divider comprises four ports, the 1 port is used as a signal input end of a resonant ring, the 2 port is used as a load end of the resonant ring, the 3 port is connected with the reflection phase shifter through the rectangular waveguide, the 4 port is connected with the five-screw matching device through the rectangular waveguide, one end of the five-screw matching device is connected with the device to be measured through the rectangular waveguide, and the other end of the device to be measured is connected to the reflection phase shifter, so that a closed loop connection is realized. The tunable power divider comprises two H-plane 3dB couplers, a first E-plane 3dB coupler, an E-plane connecting stub and a first adjustable short-circuit stub, the 2 port and the 3 port of the first adjustable short-circuit stub are connected with the first E-plane 3dB coupler, the 2 port of the first H-plane 3dB coupler and the 1 port of the second H-plane 3dB coupler are connected through the E-plane connecting stub, the 3 port of the first H-plane 3dB coupler is connected with the 1 port of the first E-plane 3dB coupler, and the 4 port of the second H-plane 3dB coupler is connected with the 4 port of the first E-plane 3dB coupler. The 1 port of the first H-plane 3dB coupler is used as the 1 port of the tunable power divider, and the 4 port of the first H-plane 3dB coupler is used as the 4 port of the tunable power divider. The 2 port of the second H-plane 3dB coupler is used as the 2 port of the tunable power divider, and the 3 port of the second H-plane 3dB coupler is used as the 3 port of the tunable power divider. The first adjustable short-circuit stub is controlled by a motor, and the power distribution of the 2 port and the 3 port of the tunable power divider is controlled by changing the length of the first adjustable short-circuit stub.
2. A gain-adjustable traveling wave resonant ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflection phase shifter comprises a second E-plane 3dB coupler and a second adjustable short-circuit stub, the 2 port, the 3 port of the second E-plane 3dB coupler and the second adjustable short-circuit stub are connected, the 3 port of the tunable power divider is connected with the 1 port of the second E-plane 3dB coupler through the rectangular waveguide, and the 4 port of the second E-plane 3dB coupler is connected with the device to be measured through the rectangular waveguide.
3. A gain-adjustable traveling wave resonant ring according to claim 1, wherein: The five-screw matching device is a two-port element, one end of the five-screw matching device is connected with the device to be measured through the rectangular waveguide, and the other end of the five-screw matching device is connected with the 4 port of the tunable power divider through the rectangular waveguide.
4. A gain-adjustable traveling wave resonant ring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The five-screw matching device is composed of a transmission waveguide part and adjusting screws arranged on both sides of the transmission waveguide part, three adjusting screws are arranged on one side of the transmission waveguide part, and two adjusting screws are arranged on the other side of the transmission waveguide part.
5. A gain adjustable traveling wave resonant ring according to claim 4, wherein: The five-screw matching device can be replaced by a three-screw matching device.
6. A gain adjustable traveling wave resonant ring according to claim 4, wherein: