Coal-saving catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof
By combining catalytically active components and rare earth nitrates, highly dispersed metal oxide active centers are formed, solving the safety and environmental protection issues of existing coal-saving agents and achieving significant improvements in combustion efficiency and coal-saving effects.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
Smart Images
Figure CN121623863A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal combustion catalyst technology, and in particular to a coal-saving catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Coal, as an important fossil energy source, has long played an irreplaceable role in industrial production (such as electricity, steel, chemicals, and building materials) and residential heating. However, with the increasing depletion of high-quality coal resources, improving its combustion efficiency has become crucial for achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.
[0003] At the same time, coal combustion also causes serious environmental pollution problems. Coal combustion produces pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and large amounts of soot. In addition, coal combustion also produces large quantities of carbon dioxide, one of the main gases contributing to the greenhouse effect.
[0004] Therefore, coal-saving agents have been widely researched and applied. Their principle is that during coal combustion, the presence of these agents can improve combustion efficiency and reduce residual carbon content, thereby achieving coal savings. However, existing technologies still have many shortcomings: 1. Most existing catalysts have a single principle for saving coal. The current national standard method for evaluating the coal-saving effect only assesses the residual carbon rate. Therefore, most coal-saving agents currently only focus on promoting the combustion efficiency of coal. Under the current conditions of significantly improved boiler efficiency, the effect of achieving coal saving by promoting the combustion efficiency of coal is no longer significant.
[0005] 2. Many coal-saving agents use strong oxidants in their raw materials, such as potassium permanganate, whose decomposition temperature is mostly below 250℃. Co-grinding with organic matter may cause an explosion, posing certain safety hazards to the grinding system and production.
[0006] 3. Some liquid coal-saving agents contain large amounts of fuel alcohols and other liquid substances, which may harm users' eyes and pollute the environment. Other coal-saving agents contain salts of rare metals or even radioactive substances, which can cause long-term harm to the environment and human health.
[0007] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention
[0008] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a coal-saving catalyst to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
[0009] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a coal-saving catalyst.
[0010] The third objective of this invention is to provide an application of a coal-saving catalyst in catalytic coal combustion.
[0011] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a coal-saving catalyst, the components of which include: a catalytically active component, an oxygen activation promoting component, a surfactant, and a solvent; wherein the catalytically active component includes at least one metal salt that can decompose into a catalytic metal oxide under combustion conditions; and the oxygen activation promoting component includes at least one rare earth nitrate.
[0012] Furthermore, the catalytically active component includes a metal nitrate; Preferably, the metal nitrate includes one or more of magnesium nitrate, iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate, nickel nitrate, copper nitrate, chromium nitrate, and vanadium nitrate.
[0013] Furthermore, the oxygen activation promoting component includes one or more of the following: lanthanum nitrate, cerium nitrate, praseodymium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, promethium nitrate, samarium nitrate, europium nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, terbium nitrate, dysprosium nitrate, holmium nitrate, erbium nitrate, thulium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate, and lutetium nitrate.
[0014] Furthermore, the surfactant includes one or more of the following: sulfonic acids, sulfates, carboxylic acids, phosphate esters, and polyoxyethylene types.
[0015] Furthermore, the coal-saving catalyst comprises, by weight percentage: 5%-15% catalytically active component, 0%-5% oxygen activation promoting component, 0%-5% surfactant and the balance water; wherein, the oxygen activation promoting component and the surfactant do not include the lower endpoint value 0.
[0016] Furthermore, the coal-saving catalyst comprises, by weight percentage: 5%-15% catalytically active component, 1%-5% oxygen activation promoting component, 1%-5% surfactant and the balance water.
[0017] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a coal-saving catalyst, comprising the following steps: The catalytically active component, oxygen activation promoting component, surfactant and solvent are mixed and then nano-sized to obtain the coal-saving catalyst.
[0018] Furthermore, the nano-sizing process includes ultrasound and / or vibration.
[0019] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of a coal-saving catalyst in catalytic coal combustion.
[0020] Furthermore, the amount of the coal-saving catalyst used is 0.07%-0.1% of the total weight of the coal. Preferably, the coal-saving catalyst has a coal-saving rate of 3%-7%; Preferably, the coal includes one or more of raw coal, washed coal, pulverized coal, and coal-water slurry.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The coal-saving catalyst provided by this invention introduces metal salts that can decompose under combustion conditions to generate catalytic metal oxides as catalytic active components. This allows for the in-situ formation of highly dispersed metal oxide active centers during coal combustion, promoting pyrolysis and oxidation reactions and improving combustion efficiency. Simultaneously, rare earth nitrates are used as oxygen activation promoters. After thermal decomposition, these nitrates generate rare earth oxides (such as CeO2 and La2O3) rich in oxygen vacancies, which can efficiently adsorb and activate gaseous oxygen molecules, increasing local oxygen concentration and oxygen transfer rate, and enhancing the intensity of free radical chain reactions. The addition of surfactants helps reduce the surface tension of coal particles, improving the wettability and uniform distribution of the catalyst on the coal surface, further enhancing contact efficiency. The solvent acts as a carrier to achieve stable dispersion and convenient spraying of the components. The synergistic effect of these components not only significantly improves coal combustion efficiency but also avoids the use of strong oxidants, toxic organic solvents, or radioactive substances, making it safe and environmentally friendly, and suitable for various coal-fired systems. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 The figures show the amount of standard coal used per ton of steam and the coal saving rate for Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-2, and without the addition of catalyst groups of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0024] Unless otherwise defined herein, the scientific and technical terms used in conjunction with this invention shall have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The meaning and scope of terms shall be clear; however, in any case of potential ambiguity, the definitions provided herein shall prevail over any dictionary or foreign definitions. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the use of "or" means "and / or". Furthermore, the use of the term "comprising" and other forms is non-limiting.
[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0026] The first aspect of the present invention provides a coal-saving catalyst, the components of which include: a catalytically active component, an oxygen activation promoting component, a surfactant, and a solvent; wherein the catalytically active component includes at least one metal salt that can decompose into a catalytic metal oxide under combustion conditions; and the oxygen activation promoting component includes at least one rare earth nitrate.
[0027] This invention enhances the heat release during coal combustion by addressing four aspects: improving oxygen transfer and activation capacity, controlling endothermic side reactions, reducing coal surface tension, and increasing reaction rate. Improving molecular oxygen transfer and activation capacity, as well as reducing coal surface tension, can more effectively increase coal combustion efficiency. Controlling endothermic side reactions prevents the heat released during the coal reaction from being consumed by side reactions, while increasing the reaction rate allows more coal to participate in combustion per unit time.
[0028] To further explain, the coal-saving catalyst provided by this invention is also a coal-saving agent. Through the precise design and functional division of each component: the metal salt catalytic active component dominates the combustion reaction path, suppresses endothermic side reactions, and improves the reaction rate; rare earth nitrates are used as oxygen activation promoting components to significantly enhance oxygen transfer and activation capabilities; surfactants are added to reduce the surface tension of coal particles; ultimately, a multi-mechanism synergistic effect is achieved, which greatly increases the calorific value per unit mass of coal and achieves a stable coal saving effect of 3%-7%.
[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the catalytically active component of the present invention is a coal combustion catalyst, which includes a metal nitrate. The metal nitrate includes one or more of magnesium nitrate, iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate, nickel nitrate, copper nitrate, chromium nitrate, and vanadium nitrate, and is added in an amount of 5-15 wt%, for example, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, or 15 wt%.
[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the oxygen activation promoting component of the present invention is an oxygen transfer and activation promoter, which includes one or more of lanthanum nitrate, cerium nitrate, praseodymium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, promethium nitrate, samarium nitrate, europium nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, terbium nitrate, dysprosium nitrate, holmium nitrate, erbium nitrate, thulium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate, and lutetium nitrate, and is added in an amount of 0-5 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 5 wt%, etc.
[0031] This invention employs a specific combination of metal nitrates and rare earth nitrates to produce a significant synergistic catalytic effect under high-temperature combustion conditions. The metal nitrates decompose to form metal oxides, which serve as the main catalytic active centers, promoting the pyrolysis and oxidation of organic macromolecules in coal. Simultaneously, the rare earth nitrates decompose to generate rare earth oxides (such as CeO2 and La2O3) rich in oxygen vacancies, which can efficiently adsorb and activate gaseous oxygen molecules, providing an additional source of active oxygen, and accelerating the reaction of metal ions (such as Fe) through electron exchange. 3+ / Fe 2+ Mn 4+ / Mn 3+ The redox cycle of the catalyst is enhanced, increasing the catalytic turnover frequency. Both components decompose simultaneously during heating, generating in-situ a highly dispersed and adjacently distributed bifunctional oxide system. This facilitates electron transfer and reactive oxygen migration, significantly enhancing the intensity of the free radical chain reaction and increasing the combustion reaction rate and the calorific value per unit mass of coal. Experiments show that, compared to adding a single component or combining other metal salts, the coal-saving effect is significantly improved in examples using this composite system.
[0032] In some preferred embodiments, the surfactant includes one or more of sulfonic acids, sulfates, carboxylic acids, phosphate esters, and polyoxyethylene types, and is added in an amount of 0-5 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 5 wt%, etc.
[0033] In some preferred embodiments, the total weight of the coal-saving catalyst is 100%, and its components by weight percentage include: 5%-15% catalytically active component, 0%-5% oxygen activation promoting component, 0%-5% surfactant and the balance water; wherein the oxygen activation promoting component and the surfactant do not include the lower endpoint value 0.
[0034] More preferably, the coal-saving catalyst comprises, by weight percentage: 5%-15% catalytically active component, 1%-5% oxygen activation promoting component, 1%-5% surfactant and the balance water.
[0035] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a coal-saving catalyst, comprising the following steps: The catalytically active component, oxygen activation promoting component, surfactant and solvent are mixed and then nano-sized to obtain the coal-saving catalyst.
[0036] In some preferred embodiments, the nano-sizing process includes ultrasound and / or vibration.
[0037] In this invention, a catalytically active component, an oxygen activation promoting component, a surfactant, and a solvent are mixed uniformly in a certain proportion to obtain a liquid catalyst. The prepared liquid catalyst is then subjected to full nano-sizing treatment in an ultrasonic or high-speed oscillation device to obtain the coal-saving catalyst.
[0038] The third aspect of this invention provides an application of a coal-saving catalyst in catalytic coal combustion.
[0039] In some preferred embodiments, the coal includes one or more of raw coal, washed coal, pulverized coal, and coal-water slurry.
[0040] In some preferred embodiments, the amount of the coal-saving catalyst used is 0.07%-0.1% of the total weight of the coal, for example, it can be 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, etc. In this invention, the prepared catalyst is sprayed onto the raw coal at an addition rate of 0.07%-0.1% on the coal conveyor belt, which can achieve a coal saving effect of 3-7% (coal saving rate).
[0041] The coal-saving catalyst provided by this invention can be applied to all coal-fired boilers.
[0042] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples. Unless otherwise specified, the materials in the examples are prepared according to existing methods or purchased directly from the market.
[0043] Example 1 This embodiment provides a coal-saving catalyst, comprising the following components by weight percentage: 10% catalytically active component (chromium nitrate), 3% oxygen activation promoting component (cerium nitrate), 3% surfactant (dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), and the balance being water.
[0044] The preparation process of the coal-saving catalyst is as follows: The catalytically active component, oxygen activation promoting component, surfactant and solvent are mixed evenly in the above proportions to obtain a liquid catalyst. Then, the prepared liquid catalyst is placed in an ultrasonic device for full nano-sizing treatment to obtain the coal-saving catalyst.
[0045] Example 2 This embodiment provides a coal-saving catalyst, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that: The catalytically active components are chromium nitrate and vanadium nitrate in a weight ratio of 1:1; The oxygen activation promoting components are lanthanum nitrate and cerium nitrate in a weight ratio of 1:1.
[0046] Example 3 This embodiment provides a coal-saving catalyst, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the coal-saving catalyst comprises the following components by weight percentage: 5% catalytically active component, 1% oxygen activation promoting component, 5% surfactant and the balance water.
[0047] Example 4 This embodiment provides a coal-saving catalyst, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the coal-saving catalyst comprises the following components by weight percentage: 15% catalytically active component, 5% oxygen activation promoting component, 1% surfactant and the balance being water.
[0048] Example 5 This embodiment provides a coal-saving catalyst, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the coal-saving catalyst comprises the following components by weight percentage: 4% catalytically active component, 0.5% oxygen activation promoting component, 0.5% surfactant and the balance water.
[0049] Example 6 This embodiment provides a coal-saving catalyst, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the coal-saving catalyst comprises the following components by weight percentage: 16% catalytically active component, 6% oxygen activation promoting component, 5.5% surfactant and the balance water.
[0050] Example 7 This embodiment provides a coal-saving catalyst, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the catalytically active component is magnesium chloride.
[0051] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a coal-saving catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain an oxygen-activating promoter.
[0052] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a coal-saving catalyst, which differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain surfactants.
[0053] Test case Test samples: The coal-saving catalysts prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used as samples for testing.
[0054] Test method: Standard coal consumption per ton of steam: The sample was applied to a coal-fired power plant (pulverized coal boiler, 240MW), and tests were conducted for 15 days during both the blank period and the catalyst addition period (catalyst addition amount was 0.085% in both cases). The coal saving rate was calculated using the following formula: Results are as follows. Figure 1 As shown.
[0055] Coal saving rate = (actual coal consumption or standard coal consumption per ton of steam in the blank stage - actual coal consumption or standard coal consumption per ton of steam in the test stage) ÷ actual coal consumption or standard coal consumption per ton of steam in the blank stage.
[0056] pass Figure 1 It can be seen that Examples 1 and 2 show superior coal-saving rates, significantly higher than other examples and comparative examples. This indicates that the combination of specific metal nitrates and rare earth nitrates, selected as the catalytic active component and oxygen activation promoting component, can achieve the best synergistic effect at a moderate concentration ratio, effectively improving combustion efficiency. As the content of each component deviates from the optimized range, the coal-saving effect shows a decreasing trend. In particular, when the component content exceeds the preferred range defined in this invention (Examples 5-6), the coal-saving rate further decreases, indicating that the catalyst system is highly dependent on the formulation ratio. In addition, the performance of Example 7, which uses a non-catalytic metal salt, is significantly degraded, further confirming the crucial role of the combined action of metal nitrates and rare earth nitrates in constructing a highly efficient catalytic system.
[0057] More importantly, the coal-saving rate of Example 2 is further improved compared to Example 1. This is mainly because when the bimetallic salt component is present, electron transfer occurs between the metals, which can adjust the electron density of the active sites and further reduce the activation energy of the reaction. In addition, the presence of the bimetallic salt can also induce the formation of alloys, inhibit the growth of catalyst particles, and further enhance catalytic activity.
[0058] The comparison showed that when the oxygen activation promoter or surfactant was missing in the comparison, the coal saving rate was verified, confirming the indispensable role of these two types of components in oxygen transfer activation and interfacial wetting and dispersion.
[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A coal saving catalyst characterized by comprising: The components include: a catalytically active component, an oxygen activation promoting component, a surfactant and a solvent; wherein the catalytically active component includes at least one metal salt which can be decomposed into a catalytic metal oxide under combustion conditions; the oxygen activation promoting component includes at least one rare earth nitrate.
2. The coal saving catalyst according to claim 1, characterized by, The catalytically active component includes a metal nitrate; Preferably, the metal nitrate includes one or several of magnesium nitrate, iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate, nickel nitrate, copper nitrate, chromium nitrate and vanadium nitrate.
3. The coal saving catalyst according to claim 1, characterized by, The oxygen activation promoting component includes one or several of lanthanum nitrate, cerium nitrate, praseodymium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, promethium nitrate, samarium nitrate, europium nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, terbium nitrate, dysprosium nitrate, holmium nitrate, erbium nitrate, thulium nitrate, ytterbium nitrate and lutetium nitrate.
4. The coal saving catalyst according to claim 1, characterized by, The surfactant includes one or several of sulfonic acid, sulfate, carboxylic acid, phosphate and polyoxyethylene type.
5. The coal saving catalyst according to claim 1, characterized by, The coal-saving catalyst includes, in percentage by weight: 5%-15% catalytically active component, 0%-5% oxygen activation promoting component, 0%-5% surfactant and the rest water; wherein neither the oxygen activation promoting component nor the surfactant includes the lower end point value 0.
6. The coal saving catalyst according to claim 1, characterized by, The coal-saving catalyst includes, in percentage by weight: 5%-15% catalytically active component, 1%-5% oxygen activation promoting component, 1%-5% surfactant and the rest water.
7. The method of claim 1-6, wherein the coal saving catalyst is prepared by the steps of: The method includes the following steps: Mixing the catalytically active component, the oxygen activation promoting component, the surfactant and the solvent, and performing nanometerization treatment to obtain the coal-saving catalyst.
8. The production method according to claim 7, characterized by, The nanometerization treatment mode includes ultrasonic and / or oscillation.
9. Use of the coal-saving catalyst according to any one of claims 1-6 in catalyzing combustion of coal.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that, The use amount of the coal-saving catalyst is 0.07%-0.1% of the total weight of the coal; Preferably, the coal-saving rate of the coal-saving catalyst is 3%-7%; Preferably, the coal includes one or more of raw coal, washed coal, coal powder and coal water slurry.