Broach for machining inner hole of waveguide tube

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waveguide tube machining, in particular to a broach for machining an inner hole of a waveguide tube, which comprises a broach bar and blades fixed on the broach bar, the blades are divided into transverse blades and longitudinal blades, two transverse blades symmetrically or adjacently arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the broach bar are a pair, and the broach bar is provided with a plurality of pairs of transverse blades along the axial direction. Two longitudinal blades symmetrically or adjacently arranged on the left side and the right side of the cutter bar form a pair, the cutter bar is provided with a plurality of pairs of longitudinal blades in the axial direction, the transverse blades and the longitudinal blades are arranged in an axial staggered mode, a pair of transverse blades and a pair of longitudinal blades adjacent to the transverse blades form a blade set, and the cutter bar is provided with a plurality of blade sets in the axial direction. The blade group is used for gradually cutting the inner hole of the waveguide tube to the required size and shape, and the cutting amounts of the blades in the blade group are the same. The tool has the beneficial effects that the multiple groups of transverse and longitudinal blades which are axially staggered are arranged on the tool bar, so that the four side surfaces of the inner hole of the waveguide tube are cut at the same time, and the machining efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waveguide machining technology, and in particular to a broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide. Background Technology

[0002] A waveguide is a hollow metal conduit with a very smooth inner wall, and it is an indispensable component for electromagnetic wave transmission in the field of information communication. The requirement for a smooth interior to waveguides is to minimize electromagnetic wave transmission loss.

[0003] Existing waveguides are typically made of copper alloy or aluminum alloy and are usually manufactured using methods such as die forming and extrusion, machining, and wire cutting.

[0004] The applicant's Chinese patent application CN223210561U discloses a waveguide rectangular inner hole planing tool and its planing processing device, which uses a single-sided planer to plan each inner hole surface of the waveguide in sequence to achieve the required surface finish, but the processing efficiency is slightly low.

[0005] The applicant's Chinese patent application CN119057123A discloses a planing tool and a planing equipment for the rectangular inner hole of a waveguide. The double-sided planer can simultaneously plan the two opposing inner hole surfaces of the waveguide to achieve the required surface finish and improve processing efficiency.

[0006] However, although the processing efficiency of the two processing tools mentioned above has been improved, they can still only process a maximum of two surfaces at the same time, and due to the reciprocating planing motion, the processing efficiency is difficult to improve further. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to further improve the processing efficiency of waveguide inner holes.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide, comprising a tool holder and blades fixed on the tool holder. The blades are divided into transverse blades and longitudinal blades. Two transverse blades arranged symmetrically or adjacently on the upper and lower sides of the tool holder constitute a pair. Multiple pairs of transverse blades are arranged along the axial direction of the tool holder for cutting the upper and lower sides of the inner hole of the waveguide. Two longitudinal blades arranged symmetrically or adjacently on the left and right sides of the tool holder constitute a pair. Multiple pairs of longitudinal blades are arranged along the axial direction of the tool holder for cutting the left and right sides of the inner hole of the waveguide, respectively. The transverse blades and longitudinal blades are axially staggered. A pair of transverse blades and a pair of adjacent longitudinal blades constitute a blade group. The tool holder has multiple blade groups along the axial direction for gradually cutting the inner hole of the waveguide to the required size and shape. The cutting amount of the blades in the blade group is the same.

[0009] With the side pointing in the direction of the broach cutting as the front side, the various blade groups on the tool holder are divided into cutting blade groups and fixed-length blade groups. The 2 to 3 blade groups behind the tool holder are fixed-length blade groups. The cutting amount of the blades in the fixed-length blade groups is zero. All blade groups before the fixed-length blade groups are cutting blade groups.

[0010] The cutting insert assembly has notches on its cutting edge, dividing the cutting edge of the insert into multiple cutting edge segments. The notches of inserts located on the same side of the tool holder and axially adjacent are axially staggered.

[0011] In some embodiments, optionally, the axial distance L1 between adjacent pairs of transverse blades is 2mm to 3mm; the axial distance L2 between adjacent pairs of longitudinal blades is 2mm to 3mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, optionally, the tool holder has a mounting groove for mounting a blade, the root of the blade is embedded in the mounting groove, and the root of the blade is fixed to the mounting groove by an adhesive.

[0013] Alternatively, the tool holder has a mounting groove for mounting the blade, the root of the blade is embedded in the mounting groove, and the blade is welded to the tool holder for fixation.

[0014] In some embodiments, optionally, the mounting groove or a portion thereof is a dovetail groove that is narrow on the outside and wide on the inside, and the root of the blade or a portion thereof is a dovetail shape that mates with the dovetail groove, with the root of the dovetail shape or a portion thereof embedded in the dovetail groove.

[0015] In some embodiments, the blade may be a PCD blade.

[0016] In some embodiments, optionally, the cutting edge of the blade in the fixed-length blade set is a finishing edge.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by setting multiple sets of axially staggered transverse and longitudinal blades on the tool holder, simultaneous cutting of the four sides of the waveguide inner hole can be achieved, significantly improving the processing efficiency;

[0018] The finishing blade of the fixed-length blade group extrudes and trims the machined surface during the final stroke, further ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the inner hole and the surface quality.

[0019] The use of PCD inserts effectively improves the surface finish and dimensional stability of internal hole machining surfaces.

[0020] The dovetail groove structure enhances the stability of the cutting tool installation, effectively preventing the cutting tool from loosening or shifting during the cutting process, and ensuring consistent machining.

[0021] The notch on the blade can cut continuous chips, turning them into easily discharged fragments, thus effectively preventing chips from tangling, clogging, and scratching the machined surface;

[0022] The production of PCD inserts with rectangular inner holes that can simultaneously cut all four sides of the waveguide inner hole is difficult, and it is also difficult to stably and reliably fix the PCD inserts with rectangular inner holes on the tool holder. However, the design of the transverse and longitudinal inserts of the present invention, which are axially staggered, makes it possible for the broach to use PCD inserts to cut all four sides of the waveguide inner hole at the same time, and the manufacturing difficulty, cost and quality are controllable. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the broach of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the broach of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a frontal view structural diagram of the broach of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 For Figure 5 Enlarged view of point C;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of machining the inner hole of the waveguide using a broach according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the broach of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the broach of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure, 1. Tool holder, 2-1. Transverse blade, 2-2. Longitudinal blade, 3. Waveguide, 4. Blade assembly, 5. Mounting groove, 6. Notch, 7. Cutting edge section. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Example 1, such as Figures 1-7As shown, a broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide includes a tool holder 1 and inserts fixed on the tool holder 1. The inserts are divided into transverse inserts 2-1 and longitudinal inserts 2-2. Two transverse inserts 2-1 symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the tool holder 1 form a pair. Multiple pairs of transverse inserts 2-1 are arranged along the axial direction of the tool holder 1 for cutting the upper and lower sides of the inner hole of the waveguide 3. Two longitudinal inserts 2-2 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the tool holder 1 form a pair. Multiple pairs of longitudinal inserts 2-2 are arranged along the axial direction of the tool holder 1 for cutting the left and right sides of the inner hole of the waveguide 3 respectively. The transverse inserts 2-1 and longitudinal inserts 2-2 are axially staggered. A pair of transverse inserts 2-1 and a pair of adjacent longitudinal inserts 2-2 form an insert group 4. The tool holder 1 has multiple insert groups 4 along the axial direction for gradually cutting the inner hole of the waveguide 3 to the required size and shape. The cutting amount of the inserts in the insert group 4 is the same.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown, the tool holder 1 has a mounting groove 5 for mounting the blade, the root of the blade is embedded in the mounting groove 5, and the root of the blade is fixed to the mounting groove 5 by an adhesive.

[0036] Of course, it is also possible that the tool holder 1 has a mounting groove 5 for mounting the blade, the root of the blade is embedded in the mounting groove 5, and the blade is welded and fixed to the tool holder 1.

[0037] Compared to welding the blade to the tool holder 1, the advantage of fixing the blade with an adhesive is that welding the blade can cause heat damage, blade deformation, and unstable local performance of the blade, resulting in inconsistent performance and lifespan of the blades on the broach, which will affect the surface finish and dimensional stability after machining.

[0038] The blade is fixed by adhesive filling the gap between the mounting groove 5 and the root of the blade, without thermal damage. The blades on the broach have good consistency in performance and life, ensuring the surface finish and dimensional stability after machining.

[0039] The blade is a PCD blade.

[0040] Taking the side pointing in the broaching direction as the front side, the various blade groups 4 on the tool holder 1 are divided into cutting blade groups and length-fixed blade groups. The 2 to 3 blade groups 4 behind the tool holder 1 are length-fixed blade groups. The cutting amount of the blades in the length-fixed blade groups is zero, and the cutting edge of the blades is a finishing edge. The blade groups 4 before the length-fixed blade groups are all cutting blade groups.

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, this broach has 10 insert groups 4. The first 8 insert groups 4 are cutting insert groups, each with the same cutting amount of 0.005mm. The last 2 insert groups 4 are fixed-length insert groups, with a cutting amount of zero. Since the cutting amount is determined by the cutting edge height of the inserts, the identical cutting amount of 0.005mm for the first 8 insert groups 4 means that the cutting edge height of the inserts in the first 8 insert groups 4 increases by an equal increment of 0.005mm from front to back, achieving progressively uniform cutting. The cutting edge height of the last 2 fixed-length insert groups is the same as that of the 8th insert group 4. The cutting edges of the fixed-length insert groups are used for finishing the machined surface.

[0042] The first 8 cutting insert groups have notches 6 on their cutting edges, which divide the cutting edge of the insert into multiple cutting edge segments 7. The notches 6 of the inserts located on the same side of the tool holder 1 and axially adjacent are staggered.

[0043] The width L3 at the top of notch 6 is 0.05mm~0.2mm, which means that the spacing between the blade segments at notch 6 is 0.05mm~0.2mm.

[0044] The process of machining the inner hole of waveguide 3 using this broach is as follows:

[0045] like Figure 7 As shown, complete the clamping of waveguide 3 and Ben-Bauer knife;

[0046] The machine tool drives the broach to move axially along the inner hole of the waveguide 3 in the broaching direction. The transverse blades 2-1 and longitudinal blades 2-2 of each blade group 4 of the broach cut the corresponding side of the inner hole of the waveguide 3 in sequence. When the last blade group 4 completely passes through the inner hole of the waveguide 3, the broaching process ends. At this time, the size, shape and surface finish of the inner hole of the waveguide 3 have met the design requirements, and the inner hole of the waveguide 3 has been machined.

[0047] Example 2, as Figure 8 As shown, a broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that: two transverse blades 2-1 arranged adjacent to each other on the upper and lower sides of the tool holder 1 form a pair, and two longitudinal blades 2-2 arranged adjacent to each other on the left and right sides of the tool holder 1 form a pair. The axial distance L1 between each pair of adjacent transverse blades 2-1 is 2mm~3mm, and the axial distance L2 between each pair of adjacent longitudinal blades 2-2 is 2mm~3mm.

[0048] This design can reduce the broaching load.

[0049] Example 3, as Figure 9As shown, a broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide is basically the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the mounting groove 5 is a dovetail groove that is narrow on the outside and wide on the inside, and the root of the cutting tool is a dovetail shape that mates with the dovetail groove, with the root of the dovetail shape embedded in the dovetail groove. After the cutting tool is mounted on the tool holder 1 through the dovetail groove, it is bonded or welded, preferably bonded.

[0050] Of course, it is also possible that the mounting groove 5 is a dovetail groove that is narrow on the outside and wide on the inside, and the root of the blade is a dovetail shape that matches the dovetail groove, with the root of the dovetail shape embedded in the dovetail groove.

[0051] The advantages of bonding or welding the insert after it is mounted on the tool holder 1 via a dovetail groove are as follows: After the insert is mounted and fixed on the tool holder 1, it still needs to be ground to produce a cutting edge. Grinding the cutting edge may also cause thermal damage. The less grinding material, the better. With the insert mounted via a dovetail groove, the installation accuracy and stability of the insert are higher, which can effectively reduce the grinding allowance and reduce the risk of thermal damage. At the same time, the dovetail groove structure enhances the bonding strength between the insert and the tool holder 1, and avoids the insert from loosening or breaking due to vibration during the cutting process.

Claims

1. A broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide, characterized in that: The tool bar (1) and the blades fixed on the tool bar (1), the blades are divided into transverse blades (2-1) and longitudinal blades (2-2), two transverse blades (2-1) symmetrically or adjacently arranged on the upper and lower sides of the tool bar (1) form a pair, the tool bar (1) is provided with multiple pairs of transverse blades (2-1) in the axial direction, for cutting the upper and lower sides of the inner hole of the waveguide tube (3), two longitudinal blades (2-2) symmetrically or adjacently arranged on the left and right sides of the tool bar (1) form a pair, the tool bar (1) is provided with multiple pairs of longitudinal blades (2-2) in the axial direction, for cutting the left and right sides of the inner hole of the waveguide tube (3) respectively, the transverse blades (2-1) and the longitudinal blades (2-2) are arranged axially staggered, a pair of transverse blades (2-1) and a pair of longitudinal blades (2-2) adjacent thereto form a blade group (4), the tool bar (1) has multiple blade groups (4) in the axial direction, for gradually cutting the inner hole of the waveguide tube (3) to the required size and shape, the cutting amount of the blades in the blade group (4) is the same; The side of the broach broaching direction is the front side, each blade group (4) on the tool bar (1) is divided into a cutting blade group and a fixed size blade group, 2-3 blade groups (4) on the rear side of the tool bar (1) are fixed size blade groups, the cutting amount of the blades of the fixed size blade group is zero, the blade groups (4) before the fixed size blade group are all cutting blade groups; The cutting edge of the cutting blade group has a notch (6), which divides the cutting edge of the blade into multiple blade segments (7), the notches (6) of the blades located on the same side of the tool bar (1) and axially adjacent are arranged axially staggered.

2. The broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide tube according to claim 1, wherein: The axial distance L1 between each pair of adjacent transverse blades (2-1) is 2-3mm; The axial distance L2 between each pair of adjacent longitudinal blades (2-2) is 2-3mm.

3. The broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide tube according to claim 1, wherein: The tool bar (1) has a mounting groove (5) for mounting the blade, the root of the blade is embedded in the mounting groove (5), and the root of the blade and the mounting groove (5) are fixed by an adhesive; Alternatively, the tool bar (1) has a mounting groove (5) for mounting the blade, the root of the blade is embedded in the mounting groove (5), and the blade and the tool bar (1) are fixed by welding.

4. The broach for machining the inner hole of a waveguide tube according to claim 3, wherein: The mounting groove (5) or part of the mounting groove (5) is a dovetail groove with a narrow outside and a wide inside, the root of the blade or part of the root is dovetail-shaped matched with the dovetail groove, and the root of the dovetail-shaped or part of the root is embedded in the dovetail groove.

5. The broach for waveguide bore machining according to claim 1, characterized by: The blade is a PCD blade.

6. The broach for waveguide bore machining according to claim 1, characterized by: The cutting edge of the blade of the fixed size blade group is a polished edge.

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