Water interception and drainage method for water source protection area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water interception and drainage, in particular to a water interception and drainage method for a water source protection area. The method comprises the following steps that a partition structure is established with a reservoir as the center, and a water source protection area is divided into an interception and drainage area and an ecological area; a regulation and storage pond is arranged in the interception and drainage area, the regulation and storage pond, the upstream river channel and the downstream drainage duct form a linkage system, and the water storage amount is periodically collected to generate regulation and storage space water amount data; the rainfall capacity is obtained in real time, hierarchical regulation and control are carried out in combination with the rainstorm recurrence period, and water storage hierarchical regulation and control data are obtained; and finally, a clean water conveying ditch is arranged in the ecological area, and rainwater meeting the water quality requirement is collected and then is supplemented to the reservoir through a water conveying duct. According to the invention, by constructing a water source protection zone partition structure, rainfall event grading regulation and intelligent diversion drainage are implemented, and by combining rainwater quality monitoring and pollution isolation mechanisms, collaborative optimization of flood control regulation and storage, clean refilling and water quality safety is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water interception and drainage, and particularly relates to a water interception and drainage method for a water source protection area. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the prior art, water quantity management in a water source protection area mainly relies on a traditional drainage and storage engineering system, and rainwater and flood regulation is usually achieved by a single drainage culvert or gate scheduling. However, this kind of method generally has problems such as lag in storage and discharge scheduling response, insufficient accuracy of rainstorm grading control, and difficulty in effectively separating clean water and polluted runoff. When strong rainfall or heavy rainstorm occurs, the conventional technology often cannot identify the rainfall grade in real time and dynamically allocate the drainage path, which easily leads to local waterlogging, overload of downstream water bodies, or pollution of upstream overflow. At the same time, the rainwater in the ecological area lacks effective water quality monitoring and isolation means in the process of collection and recharge, and there is a risk of contaminated water flowing back to the reservoir, affecting water source safety. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a water interception and drainage method for a water source protection area to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a water interception and drainage method for a water source protection area, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: establishing a zoning structure with a reservoir as the center, and sequentially dividing the water source protection area into interception and drainage zones and ecological zones; Step S2: setting a storage tank in the interception and drainage zone and connecting it with an upstream river channel, periodically collecting and storing water quantity data, thereby obtaining storage space water quantity data, wherein the storage tank is connected with a downstream river channel through a set drainage culvert; Step S3: obtaining real-time rainfall, and performing interception and drainage grading control on the storage space water quantity data according to the rainstorm return period of the real-time rainfall, thereby obtaining storage grading control data; Step S4: setting a clean water conveying ditch in the ecological zone range based on the storage grading control data, collecting rainwater in the ecological zone and conveying it to the reservoir through a water conveying culvert in the upstream river channel, forming clean water recharge, so as to achieve grading interception of life runoff and rainfall runoff and pollution isolation.

[0005] The present application has the following advantages: I. By establishing a "catchment area-ecological area" double-layer structure system centered on the reservoir, the upstream runoff is functionally separated from the clean rainwater in the ecological area. Combined with real-time rainfall monitoring and storm recurrence period analysis, the classification identification and corresponding regulation of different rainfall event types (adjustable storage type, over-storage type, and heavy rain type) are realized. This classification regulation mechanism enables dynamic adjustment of the gate, culvert, and drainage sequence according to the rainfall intensity and storage state, effectively balancing the demand for flood control safety and ecological water replenishment, and significantly improving the efficiency of water resource regulation and utilization.

[0006] II. Under the condition of heavy rain, through comprehensive analysis of real-time water level, inflow rate, and storage change gradient in the regulation and storage space water quantity data, the instantaneous drainage demand and gradient adjustment drainage quantity are dynamically calculated, and the shunt drainage scheduling data is generated accordingly, realizing the coordinated drainage and sequential control of each shunt channel. Combined with real-time feedback of drainage monitoring data and flow-water level double threshold judgment logic, the efficiency, safety, and traceability of the shunt drainage process are ensured, avoiding the risk of local channel overload and downstream river channel impact, and improving the emergency protection capability of the entire water source protection area under extreme rainfall events.

[0007] III. Rainwater quality monitoring units are installed at the inlet of the clean water conveying ditch in the ecological area to detect and limit the main water quality indicators of the collected rainwater in real time, ensuring that only clean rainwater that meets the specification requirements is replenished to the reservoir through the water conveying culvert. If any index is out of limit, the gate closing logic is automatically triggered to block the water conveying, preventing contaminated water from entering the reservoir. This mechanism effectively realizes the classification interception and pollution isolation of domestic runoff and natural rainfall runoff in the ecological area, ensuring the safety and ecological sustainability of the reservoir water replenishment process, and strengthening the overall water quality protection function of the water source protection area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 A step flow diagram of a water quantity interception method for a water source protection area; Figure 2 A detailed implementation step flow diagram of step S3; Figure 1 Figure 3 A water quantity interception area structure diagram of the water quantity interception method for a water source protection area of the present application; The implementation of the purpose, functional characteristics and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] ​The technical method of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0010] In addition, the drawings are only schematic illustrations of the present application and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Identical reference numerals in the drawings represent identical or similar parts, and thus repeated descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities, which do not necessarily have to correspond to physically or logically independent entities. The functional entities can be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor methods and / or microcontroller methods.

[0011] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second" and the like can be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first element can be referred to as a second element, and similarly a second element can be referred to as a first element. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 A water quantity interception and drainage method for a water source protection area, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Establishing a zoning structure centered on a reservoir, and sequentially dividing the water source protection area into interception and drainage zones and ecological zones; In an embodiment, reference can be made to Figure 3 The structure as a whole has a ring belt layout, is centered on a reservoir, and is sequentially divided into interception and drainage zones and ecological zones. The interception and drainage zones are located on the side close to the reservoir, and are used to undertake water quantity regulation and pollution interception functions. The ecological zones are located outside the interception and drainage zones, and are used to maintain natural hydrological circulation and ecological balance.

[0013] The reservoir is located in the core area, is connected to the downstream river channel through a dam, and a drainage passage is provided at the dam to realize the storage and drainage scheduling function. A gate structure is provided in the upstream direction of the reservoir to prevent polluted water from entering the reservoir.

[0014] On the inner side of the interception and drainage area, a regulating reservoir can be arranged along the reservoir periphery and connected to the upstream river channel, for temporarily storing the runoff and initial rainwater collected in the interception and drainage area; the regulating reservoir is preferably located near the side of the residential area, so as to synchronously collect the rainwater in the living area, thereby forming a path of “interception and drainage-regulating reservoir-discharge”, and reducing the impact on the ecological environment of the downstream river channel.

[0015] A clean water conveying ditch is arranged in the ecological area, for collecting the rainwater of the surface runoff of the ecological area, which is monitored to meet the requirements, and then enters the reservoir from the clean water conveying ditch. The ecological area maintains the ecological self-purification function through the aquatic vegetation system, water body buffer zone and biological retention unit, and ensures that the water quality meets the ecological supply standard. At the same time, the outer edge of the ecological area takes the water divide as the natural boundary, realizes the natural confluence and diversion control of the surface runoff, and avoids the direct invasion of external pollutants into the water source protection area.

[0016] In some embodiments, the gate and the drainage channel can be managed by an automatic control system, which receives data from water level sensors, flow meters and water quality monitoring units in real time. When it is detected that the upstream inflow or rainfall intensity exceeds the preset threshold, the control system automatically adjusts the gate opening to realize diversion discharge and prevent the reservoir from over storage; when it is detected that the water quantity of the ecological area is lower than the ecological water demand, the system can be reversely dispatched to supplement water to the ecological area through the water conveying channel or the clean water conveying ditch.

[0017] In preferred embodiments, the above system can be linked with a geographic information system (GIS) and an intelligent monitoring platform to establish a dynamic model of water quantity and water quality based on spatial zoning. The model realizes the visualization and dynamic scheduling optimization of the zoning state by collecting water level, water quality and flow information of each functional area in real time, and further improves the overall regulation efficiency and ecological restoration capacity of the water source protection area.

[0018] It should be noted that, for example Figure 3 The water source protection area shown in FIG. 1, the rainwater in the interception and drainage area does not enter the reservoir, only the rainwater of the ecological area enters the reservoir. The regulating reservoir is set up to regulate and store the rainwater in the interception and drainage area. When the rainfall is small, the rainwater can be treated and then discharged to reduce the impact on the ecological environment of the downstream river channel. When the rainfall is too large and the regulating reservoir overflows, the rainwater is directly discharged into the downstream river channel.

[0019] Step S2: setting a regulating reservoir in the interception and drainage area and connecting it to the upstream river channel, periodically collecting storage water quantity data, thereby obtaining regulating reservoir water quantity data, wherein the regulating reservoir is connected to the downstream river channel through a drainage culvert; In an embodiment, referring to Figure 3 , the regulating reservoir is arranged in the central area of the interception and drainage area or near the inflow side of the upstream river channel, and is connected to the upstream river channel through a water conveying channel, for collecting the runoff and initial rainwater regulated by the gate, and realizing the functions of temporary storage and water quantity regulation.

[0020] In some embodiments, the water inlet of the regulating reservoir is located at the end of the water delivery channel connected to the upstream river channel, and a controllable gate valve or flow regulating weir is installed at the water inlet to control the inflow rate and flow of the upstream river channel. The water outlet is connected to the downstream river channel through a drainage culvert, which is used to discharge when the water level of the regulating reservoir reaches the preset upper limit. The drainage culvert can be a reinforced concrete pipe culvert or a box culvert structure, and a backflow prevention valve and a sand trap are installed at the outlet to prevent downstream backflow and sediment backflow.

[0021] In preferred embodiments, the regulating reservoir is equipped with monitoring units such as water level sensors, flow meters, and rain gauges to detect the water inflow and outflow status and water volume changes in real time. The storage water level and flow data are automatically collected at preset time intervals (e.g., every 5 minutes or every hour) to form time series regulating reservoir water storage data. The monitoring unit can upload the collected data to the monitoring platform, and after data cleaning and time series interpolation, complete regulating reservoir water volume data is generated for subsequent split discharge and water storage scheduling calculations.

[0022] In some embodiments, the generation of regulating reservoir water volume data includes the following processing procedures: through the pressure type water level sensor and ultrasonic level meter installed at different depths of the regulating reservoir, the instantaneous water level value is obtained, the real-time water storage volume is calculated according to the pool body geometric characteristic model, the average water storage volume and change rate in the past sampling period are periodically integrated, and the regulating reservoir water volume data set for subsequent hydrological analysis is generated.

[0023] In further embodiments, to improve the accuracy of the regulating reservoir water volume data, water surface evaporation correction and seepage compensation algorithms can also be introduced. The monitoring system uses temperature, humidity, and wind speed data provided by the weather station to calculate the evaporation loss using empirical formulas, and combines the seepage rate data of the seepage monitoring well to correct the calculated water storage volume, obtaining real and effective regulating reservoir water volume data.

[0024] In some embodiments, a data transmission link can be established between the regulating reservoir and the monitoring system through a wireless communication network (such as LoRa or 4G / 5G) to realize remote data collection and real-time analysis. When the water level of the regulating reservoir is detected to exceed the preset threshold, the monitoring system automatically issues a discharge instruction to control the drainage culvert to open to discharge the excess storage portion; when the water level is below the ecological water replenishment warning line, the gate valve is kept closed to maintain the ecological area water balance.

[0025] In preferred embodiments, the regulating reservoir not only has the functions of storage and discharge, but also has the function of ecological purification. The pool body can be designed as a multi-stage structure, including a sand settling area, a slow flow area, and a clear water area, which are connected through ecological revetment and vegetation filter strips, which can effectively reduce suspended solids and pollution load. The clear water after natural sedimentation and plant absorption is transported to the downstream river channel through the drainage culvert, realizing the comprehensive goal of flood control, storage, and ecological supply.

[0026] Step S3: Obtain real-time rainfall; control the water volume data of the storage space by the storm recurrence period of the real-time rainfall to obtain the water storage grading control data; In an embodiment, there can be a high development area in the water source protection area, and residents or existing facilities cannot be relocated. In order to ensure that the water quality of the basin meets the standard, storage facilities are set in the interception and drainage area and are connected with the upstream river channel. The upstream river channel itself can be part of the storage space. The storage facilities can include storage tanks, gates and water conveying culverts, which are used to realize the storage, diversion and discharge of rainwater.

[0027] The real-time rainfall can be obtained by the rainfall sensor in the water source protection area and the upstream basin. The sensor can be a rain gauge, an optical raindrop sensor or a radar rainfall measuring device. According to the real-time rainfall data and historical meteorological data, the storm recurrence period of the current rainfall event can be calculated to judge the intensity and probability of the rainfall event.

[0028] According to the storm recurrence period and the current water volume state of the storage space, a grading control strategy is adopted: for example, for rainfall that occurs once every 50 years or less, the storage facilities can be used for storage to avoid direct discharge into the downstream river channel; for rainfall that occurs once every 50 to 100 years, the storage facilities can store rainwater while discharging part of the rainwater into the downstream river channel through the drainage culvert to realize flood control and regulation; for extreme storms that occur more than once every 100 years, the storage facilities and the drainage culvert work together to ensure water level safety while maximizing water storage.

[0029] The water volume data of the storage space can be collected in real time by water level sensors, flow meters or radar liquid level meters, including storage tank water level, inflow rate and water storage change gradient. By analyzing these data, the gate opening, drainage culvert flow and rainwater diversion path can be dynamically adjusted to realize safe and efficient water interception and drainage.

[0030] For rainwater in the ecological area, its water quality can meet the specification requirements. The clean water conveying ditch is set up in the ecological area to collect rainwater and transport it to the reservoir through the water conveying culvert built in the upstream river channel to supplement the water source and protect the water quality from being affected by artificial development. The final output of the water storage grading control data can be used to guide the operation of the storage facilities, including gate opening adjustment, drainage pump start and stop and rainwater diversion path selection, so as to realize dynamic interception and drainage management of different storm grades while ensuring the water quality of the water source protection area.

[0031] Step S4: Based on the water storage grading control data, a clean water conveying ditch is set up in the ecological area to collect rainwater and transport it to the reservoir through the water conveying culvert in the upstream river channel to form clean water replenishment, so as to realize grading interception and pollution isolation of life runoff and rainfall runoff.

[0032] In an embodiment, the clean water conveying ditch can be arranged along the main rainwater collection channel in the ecological zone, and the catchment range includes the surface runoff of the ecological zone and the domestic runoff of roofs, roads, etc., but does not include the contaminated rainwater in the interception and drainage zone. The clean water conveying ditch can be a concrete, steel or polymer material pipeline, or a semi-open ditch, and the design should ensure that the drainage capacity can meet the maximum design flow under the condition of heavy rain.

[0033] The water conveying culvert is arranged in the upstream river channel, can be in the form of a buried pipe or an open pipe, and is in communication with the regulation and storage facility and the gate, so as to ensure that the rainwater can be smoothly conveyed from the ecological zone to the reservoir. The culvert can be provided with a grid or a sand trap for intercepting floating objects and sediment particles, so as to further ensure that the water quality of the conveyed rainwater meets the reservoir water replenishment standard.

[0034] The water conveying capacity of the clean water conveying ditch and the water conveying culvert can be dynamically adjusted based on the storage grading control data. For example, in the low water level grading or the medium water level grading control state, the full amount of rainwater in the ecological zone can be preferentially ensured to be replenished; in the high water level grading or the super storage grading state, the water conveying amount can be partially adjusted according to the reservoir storage capacity and safety requirements, so as to realize the balance between safe storage and water quality guarantee.

[0035] As an example of the present application, reference is made to Fig. 1, which shows a schematic diagram of a water storage and quality guarantee system according to an embodiment of the present application. In this example, the step S3 comprises: Figure 2 Step S31: acquiring real-time rainfall and real-time rainfall intensity of the rainfall monitoring sites arranged in the upstream river channel and the reservoir ecological zone; Step S32: determining the storm recurrence period corresponding to the real-time rainfall and the real-time rainfall intensity based on historical regional rainfall statistical data; Step S33: dividing the real-time rainfall event according to the storm recurrence period, and grading the water quantity data of the regulation and storage space according to the real-time rainfall event, to obtain the storage grading control data.

[0036] In an embodiment, the real-time rainfall and the real-time rainfall intensity of the rainfall monitoring sites arranged in the upstream river channel and the reservoir ecological zone are acquired, for dynamically sensing the rainfall in the basin. In some embodiments, the rainfall monitoring sites can include a rain gauge, an optical raindrop sensor or a radar rainfall measuring device, which can continuously collect rainfall data within a preset time interval. The real-time rainfall includes instantaneous rainfall and cumulative rainfall, and the real-time rainfall intensity is used to describe the change of the rainfall amount per unit time. The real-time rainfall and rainfall intensity data collected by the monitoring sites can be transmitted in real time to the central control system through a wired or wireless communication module.

[0037] ​Based on historical regional rainfall statistical data, the real-time rainfall amount and real-time rainfall intensity obtained in step S31 are compared with historical rainfall events to determine the corresponding storm recurrence period. In some embodiments, the historical rainfall statistical data can include rainfall amount data, rainfall duration, and rainfall intensity records in the past decades. The storm recurrence period of the current rainfall event can be calculated by statistical analysis, probability distribution model, or hydrological simulation model. For example, the storm recurrence period is 50 years, which means that the rainfall amount statistically occurs once every 50 years on average. Rainfall events can be classified according to different recurrence periods to provide a reference for regulation and storage.

[0038] According to the storm recurrence period determined in step S32, the real-time rainfall event is divided into different levels, and the water storage space data is regulated and controlled according to the division result to generate water storage hierarchical regulation data. In some embodiments, the classification can be divided into low water level, medium water level, high water level, and super water storage level according to the storm recurrence period. Combined with the current water level of the regulation and storage tank, the inflow rate, and the storage change gradient, the gate opening of the regulation and storage tank, the drainage culvert flow, and the rainwater diversion path are dynamically adjusted to ensure that the rainfall below 50 years is preferentially stored, the rainfall between 50 and 100 years can be partially discharged while storing water, and the extreme rainfall above 100 years is cooperatively regulated by the regulation and storage facilities and the drainage culvert to achieve safe discharge and water quality protection.

[0039] Preferably, step S32 comprises: selecting a representative annual maximum rainfall duration sequence as a statistical sample based on the obtained historical regional rainfall statistical data; classifying and counting the statistical sample according to different rainfall durations, and calculating the total rainfall amount and average rainfall intensity under each duration condition; fitting the probability distribution of each duration rainfall sequence to obtain a storm frequency relationship curve, wherein the storm frequency relationship curve is used to determine the rainfall characteristic value corresponding to different recurrence periods; substituting the real-time rainfall amount and real-time rainfall intensity into the storm frequency relationship curve to calculate the storm recurrence period index; confirming the storm recurrence period according to the storm recurrence period index.

[0040] In an embodiment, based on the obtained historical regional rainfall statistical data, a representative annual maximum rainfall duration sequence is selected as a statistical sample to describe the extreme rainfall characteristics under different durations in the region. In some embodiments, the annual maximum rainfall duration sequence can be extracted from multi-year continuous rainfall monitoring data, and the extraction process includes screening the maximum rainfall event and its corresponding rainfall duration of each year by year. The statistical sample can cover data of multiple monitoring sites to fully reflect the rainfall spatial distribution characteristics of the water source protection area and the upstream watershed.

[0041] The statistical sample is classified according to different rainfall durations, and the total rainfall and average rainfall intensity under each duration condition are calculated. In some embodiments, the rainfall duration can be divided by minutes, hours or days. For each category of rainfall duration, the total rainfall and average rainfall intensity can be calculated, and a rainfall duration-rainfall-rainfall intensity statistical table can be formed for subsequent probability analysis.

[0042] The probability distribution of the rainfall sequence of each rainfall duration is fitted to obtain a storm frequency relationship curve, wherein the storm frequency relationship curve is used to describe the rainfall characteristic values corresponding to different return periods. In some embodiments, the probability distribution fitting can use Gumbel distribution, Log-Pearson III distribution or other distribution models suitable for extreme value analysis. By fitting, a functional relationship between rainfall and storm return period is obtained, and a storm frequency relationship curve is generated to provide a basis for real-time rainfall event return period calculation.

[0043] The real-time rainfall and real-time rainfall intensity are substituted into the storm frequency relationship curve to calculate the storm return period index. In some embodiments, the storm return period index can be expressed as the average interval years of the occurrence of the current rainfall in a statistical sense, i.e., how many years on average a certain rainfall occurs in historical data.

[0044] According to the calculated storm return period index, the storm return period of the current rainfall event is confirmed.

[0045] Preferably, step S33 comprises: When the storm return period is less than a preset first threshold, the real-time rainfall event is classified as an adjustable storage rainfall event; When the storm return period is greater than the preset first threshold and less than a preset second threshold, the real-time rainfall event is classified as an over-storage rainfall event, wherein the preset first threshold is always less than and not equal to the preset second threshold; When the storm return period is greater than the preset second threshold, the real-time rainfall event is classified as a super heavy storm event; Based on the adjustable storage rainfall event, the over-storage rainfall event and the super heavy storm event, the water storage space data is graded and controlled to obtain water storage grading control data.

[0046] In an embodiment, when the storm return period of the real-time rainfall event is less than a preset first threshold, the rainfall event is classified as an adjustable storage rainfall event. The adjustable storage rainfall event usually corresponds to a rainfall of 50 years or less, and can be preferentially stored through storage facilities to reduce the risk of direct discharge into the downstream river.

[0047] When the storm recurrence period of the real-time rainfall event is greater than a preset first threshold and less than a preset second threshold, the rainfall event is classified as an over-storage type rainfall event, where the preset first threshold is always less than and not equal to the preset second threshold. The over-storage type rainfall event usually corresponds to a 50-year to 100-year rainfall, and while storing water, part of the rainwater can be discharged into the downstream river through the drainage culvert to realize dual management of flood control and reservoir safety.

[0048] When the storm recurrence period of the real-time rainfall event is greater than the preset second threshold, the rainfall event is classified as an extreme storm event, corresponding to a 100-year or more extreme storm event. The extreme storm event can be cooperatively regulated by the storage and regulation facilities and the drainage culvert to realize synchronous management of storage and regulation and safe discharge, and to ensure the safety of the reservoir and the watershed.

[0049] Based on the above three types of rainfall events, the storage space water quantity data is graded and regulated. The graded regulation can include dynamically adjusting the gate opening of the storage pool, the drainage culvert flow, and the rainwater diversion path, so that the adjustable storage type rainfall event is preferentially stored, the over-storage type rainfall event is moderately discharged, the extreme storm event is safely discharged, and the water quality of the water source protection area and the clean recharge of the ecological area rainwater are ensured.

[0050] Preferably, a plurality of diversion channels are arranged between the drainage culvert and the downstream river, and the diversion and discharge based on the extreme storm event and the storage space water quantity data includes: extracting the real-time water level, inflow rate, and storage change gradient of the storage space water quantity data based on the extreme storm event; According to the real-time water level and inflow rate, the current flow load of the water body is calculated to obtain an instantaneous discharge demand value; The storage change gradient is used to determine the water storage change rate, and the instantaneous discharge demand value is combined to obtain a gradient adjustment discharge amount; According to the instantaneous discharge demand value and the gradient adjustment discharge amount, the diversion proportion and discharge sequence of each diversion channel in the drainage culvert are calculated to obtain diversion and discharge scheduling data; The diversion and discharge scheduling data are used to sequentially perform the water body diversion and discharge operation.

[0051] In an embodiment, in response to detecting an extreme storm event, the plurality of diversion channels between the drainage culvert and the downstream river are dynamically diverted and discharged based on the storage space water quantity data to ensure the safety of the reservoir and the watershed. In some embodiments, the extreme storm event can refer to an extreme rainfall event with a storm recurrence period greater than a preset second threshold. The storage space water quantity data includes real-time water level, inflow rate, and storage change gradient of the storage pool, and is used to reflect the current water storage state of the storage facility.

[0052] Based on the extreme rainstorm event, the real-time water level, inflow rate and storage change gradient of the water quantity data of the regulating and storage space are extracted. The real-time water level can be measured by a water level sensor, the inflow rate can be obtained by a flow meter or a radar liquid level meter, and the storage change gradient represents the change rate of the water storage quantity per unit time.

[0053] According to the real-time water level and the inflow rate, the current flow load of the water body is calculated to obtain an instantaneous drainage demand value. In some embodiments, the instantaneous drainage demand value can represent the drainage flow required by the drainage culvert and the downstream river channel under the current water level and inflow condition to avoid over-storage of the regulating and storage pool or flood risk of the downstream river channel.

[0054] The water storage change rate of the water body is determined by the storage change gradient, and combined with the instantaneous drainage demand value to obtain a gradient adjustment drainage quantity. In some embodiments, the gradient adjustment drainage quantity is used to smooth the drainage process, so that the drainage rate matches the water storage change rate of the water body, preventing instability of the regulating and storage facility and the downstream river channel caused by too fast or too slow drainage.

[0055] According to the instantaneous drainage demand value and the gradient adjustment drainage quantity, the distribution ratio and drainage sequence of each distribution channel in the drainage culvert are calculated to obtain distribution drainage scheduling data. In some embodiments, the distribution ratio can be dynamically allocated according to the flow carrying capacity and water level gradient of each channel, and the drainage sequence can be determined according to the channel priority or safety rules to achieve efficient and controllable drainage management.

[0056] Using the distribution drainage scheduling data, the water body distribution drainage operation is sequentially performed to realize the safe drainage of the water body in the regulating and storage space under the extreme rainstorm. In some embodiments, the gate opening, pump start-stop and distribution channel adjusting device can be controlled by an automatic control unit to perform the distribution drainage according to the operation instructions of the distribution drainage scheduling data, so as to realize the reasonable regulation and control of rainwater resources while ensuring the safety of the reservoir and the downstream river channel.

[0057] Preferably, sequentially performing the water body distribution drainage operation using the distribution drainage scheduling data comprises: According to the drainage sequence and distribution ratio of each distribution channel in the distribution drainage scheduling data, the current drainage channel to be drained and the corresponding drainage quantity are determined; The drainage valves of the current drainage channel to be drained are sequentially opened, and the channel flow is adjusted according to the determined drainage quantity to form the actual drainage flow; During the drainage process, the drainage time, flow and water level change are recorded in real time to generate drainage monitoring data; According to the drainage monitoring data, it is judged whether the current channel drainage is completed, and if so, the next drainage channel to be drained is switched until all distribution channels are sequentially executed.

[0058] In an embodiment, the diversion discharge scheduling data includes the discharge sequence and diversion ratio of each diversion channel, which is used to guide the drainage operation of each channel in the drainage culvert. According to the discharge sequence and diversion ratio of each diversion channel in the diversion discharge scheduling data, the current channel to be discharged and the corresponding discharge amount are determined. The determination of the current channel to be discharged and the discharge amount can be dynamically determined based on the flow carrying capacity of each channel, the real-time water level and the storage change gradient, so as to ensure the safety and efficiency of drainage.

[0059] The discharge valve of the current channel to be discharged is opened in sequence, and the channel flow is adjusted according to the determined discharge amount to form the actual discharge flow. In some embodiments, the discharge valve can be an electric gate or an automatic regulating valve, and the flow adjustment can be achieved by adjusting the gate opening, pump speed or channel cross-sectional area, so as to ensure that the actual discharge flow is consistent with the requirements of the scheduling data.

[0060] During the discharge process, the discharge time, flow and water level change are recorded in real time to generate discharge monitoring data. The discharge monitoring data can be collected by a water level sensor, a flow meter and a monitoring control unit to form drainage process data including time series, which is used for real-time monitoring and subsequent analysis.

[0061] According to the discharge monitoring data, it is determined whether the current channel discharge is completed, and if so, the next channel to be discharged is switched until all diversion channels are sequentially executed. In some embodiments, the discharge amount or sequence of subsequent channels can be dynamically adjusted based on the monitoring data to cope with water level fluctuations or flow abnormalities during the drainage process, so as to ensure that the entire diversion discharge process is safe, efficient and controllable.

[0062] Preferably, according to the discharge monitoring data, it is determined whether the current channel discharge is completed, which includes: During the discharge process, the water flow, water level and discharge duration are collected in real time by a sensor to generate discharge monitoring data, wherein the flow measurement range is set to 0.1-5.0 , the water level change range is set to 0.0-5.0 , and the discharge time is recorded in seconds; According to the discharge monitoring data, when the flow is less than 0.1 and the water level drops to within ±0.05 of the channel bottom elevation, and the discharge duration exceeds the preset minimum discharge time, it is determined that the current channel discharge is completed.

[0063] In an embodiment, each diversion channel is provided with an ultrasonic flow meter or an electromagnetic flow meter for measuring the discharge flow, the measurement range is set to 0.1-5.0 m³ / s, the resolution is not less than 0.01 m³ / s, and the data acquisition frequency is 1 Hz. The instantaneous flow, average flow and flow change rate can be calculated according to the collected data.

[0064] Pressure or radar water level sensors are arranged at the bottom of the channel and key sections to measure the range of 0.0-5.0 m with an accuracy of ±0.01 m, which is used to collect the real-time water level changes of the channel. The water depth can be calculated according to the water level data and the bottom elevation of the channel, and the water storage state can be determined. The control unit accumulates the duration of the drainage, records the drainage time of each channel in seconds, and sets the minimum drainage time threshold to ensure that the drainage process meets the safety drainage requirements.

[0065] Based on the drainage monitoring data, it is determined whether the current channel is completed. The specific judgment logic is as follows: when the monitored instantaneous flow is less than 0.1 m³ / s; and the water level of the channel drops to the bottom elevation of the channel ±0.05 m; and the duration of the drainage exceeds the preset minimum drainage time (such as 300 seconds or the minimum drainage time calculated according to the length of the channel and the flow characteristics); it is determined that the current channel drainage is completed.

[0066] During the judgment process, the water level change gradient, flow change trend and drainage rate can be considered at the same time to avoid misjudgment of the completion of the channel drainage due to instantaneous low flow or water level fluctuation. The drainage monitoring data can be filtered (such as weighted moving average or low pass filter) to remove transient noise signals and improve the reliability of the judgment.

[0067] After the judgment is completed, the next diversion channel is automatically switched: the control unit sends the opening instruction to the drainage valve of the next channel; sets the drainage amount and flow adjustment parameters according to the diversion drainage scheduling data; starts the drainage monitoring data collection and judgment process of the new channel; repeats the above operation until all diversion channels complete the drainage in turn.

[0068] Preferably, the coordinated operation of the gate and the drainage culvert according to the excess water storage amount comprises: According to the excess water storage amount, the excess water storage amount exceeding ratio of the storage and regulation pool is confirmed, and the gate opening and closing control instruction is generated; Through the gate opening and closing control instruction, the opening angle and opening sequence of the gate are adjusted, and the water level change of the downstream river is collected; The flow feedback signal of the gate after adjustment and the water level change of the downstream river are monitored to dynamically adjust the flow distribution ratio of the drainage culvert.

[0069] In an embodiment, the excess water storage amount refers to the water amount of the current water storage amount of the storage and regulation pool exceeding the adjustable water storage amount. The excess water storage amount exceeding ratio is calculated according to the excess water storage amount, which is used to guide the gate opening and closing operation. The gate opening and closing control instruction is generated according to the calculated excess water storage amount exceeding ratio. In some embodiments, the control instruction includes the opening angle, opening sequence and opening timing of the gate, which can be an electric gate or a hydraulic gate. The opening angle can be set in percentage (0% is closed and 100% is fully open), which can be dynamically adjusted according to the excess water storage amount to match the drainage demand.

[0070] By executing the gate opening and closing control instruction, the opening angle and opening sequence of the gate are adjusted, and the water level change of the downstream river is collected in real time. In some embodiments, the water level sensor can be pressure or radar type, with a measurement range of 0-5.0 m, an accuracy of ±0.01 m, and a data sampling frequency of 1 Hz. The drainage effect can be judged according to the change of the downstream water level, and used for subsequent adjustment.

[0071] According to the monitored feedback signal of the adjusted flow of the gate and the change of the water level of the downstream river, the flow distribution ratio of the drainage culvert is dynamically adjusted. In some embodiments, multiple diversion channels can be provided in the drainage culvert, and the diversion ratio can be adjusted by valve adjustment or pump speed control to match the drainage flow and the excess storage capacity, so as to avoid excessive storage of the storage pool or the risk of downstream river flood.

[0072] Preferably, before the rainwater in the ecological zone is collected and transported to the reservoir through the water conveying culvert in the upstream river in step S4, the following steps are further included: A rainwater quality monitoring unit is arranged at the inlet of the clean water conveying ditch in the ecological zone to obtain rainwater quality data of the collected rainwater; It is detected and determined whether the water quality data indicators of the rainwater quality data meet the specifications. When all the water quality data indicators are within the limit range, it is determined that the rainwater quality in the ecological zone meets the water conveying requirement; If any of the water quality data indicators exceeds the limit, the gate closing logic is triggered and the collected rainwater is blocked from entering the clean water conveying ditch.

[0073] In an embodiment, the rainwater quality monitoring unit can include but is not limited to: a multi-parameter water quality monitor, an online turbidity sensor, a pH sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, and a heavy metal ion monitoring device, which can continuously and real-time collect multiple water quality indicators of the water sample.

[0074] According to the collected rainwater quality data, it is detected and determined whether each water quality indicator meets the specification requirement. In some embodiments, the determination logic includes: comparing each water quality indicator (such as COD, SS, pH value, heavy metal concentration, etc.) with the preset limit range; when all the monitoring indicators are within the limit range, it is determined that the rainwater quality in the ecological zone meets the water conveying requirement; if any indicator exceeds the limit range, the gate closing logic is triggered to block the collected rainwater from entering the clean water conveying ditch, preventing the contaminated water from flowing into the water conveying culvert.

[0075] During the determination process, the data sampling frequency can be set to 1-10 minutes / time, and the data filtering and outlier rejection algorithm is used to ensure the accuracy of the water quality determination. In some embodiments, the water quality determination result can be fed back to the control unit in real time, and the control unit automatically controls the opening and closing state of the clean water conveying ditch gate according to the determination result, realizing the safe and automatic control of rainwater collection.

[0076] Especially important is that the diversion proportion of each diversion channel in the drainage culvert and the drainage sequence are calculated according to the instantaneous drainage demand value and the gradient adjustment of the drainage amount, including: Based on the instantaneous drainage demand value, the drainage amount is distributed to each diversion channel according to a variable offset proportion, wherein the offset proportion is adjusted synchronously with the current demand fluctuation according to the channel number, to obtain a preliminary dynamic distribution amount; The preliminary dynamic distribution amount is fine-tuned by using the gradient adjustment of the drainage amount, the drainage amount gradient between channels is mapped to the sequence priority, to obtain a corrected dynamic distribution amount; The drainage sequence of each channel is generated in combination with the gradient characteristics of the corrected dynamic distribution amount, and the final diversion proportion is calculated through continuous offset mapping, so as to obtain the diversion drainage scheduling data.

[0077] In an embodiment, first, according to the calculated instantaneous drainage demand value, the total drainage amount is distributed to each diversion channel according to a variable offset proportion. The offset proportion is adjusted synchronously with the current water flow demand fluctuation according to the channel number, to form a preliminary dynamic distribution amount. Further, the preliminary dynamic distribution amount is fine-tuned by using the gradient adjustment of the drainage amount. In some embodiments, the gradient adjustment of the drainage amount maps the drainage amount gradient to the sequence priority between channels based on the ratio of the storage change rate of the regulation and storage pool to the instantaneous drainage demand. The channel with higher drainage amount is preferentially drained, and the channel with lower drainage amount is subsequently executed, so as to obtain a corrected dynamic distribution amount.

[0078] The drainage sequence of each channel is generated in combination with the gradient characteristics of the corrected dynamic distribution amount. In some embodiments, the drainage sequence can be determined through a continuous offset mapping algorithm: that is, according to the corrected dynamic distribution amount of each channel and the water level and flow sensor feedback, the final diversion proportion of each channel is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the total drainage amount meets the instantaneous drainage demand, while the gradient is smooth, avoiding the rapid drainage of a single channel causing a dramatic fluctuation in water level.

[0079] Finally, the corrected dynamic distribution amount and the corresponding drainage sequence form the diversion drainage scheduling data. In some embodiments, the diversion drainage scheduling data includes the drainage amount, the drainage priority, the opening time and the control instruction of each channel, which are used to guide the subsequent diversion drainage execution operation, to realize safe, efficient and controllable drainage of the regulated water body.

[0080] Especially important is that the drainage amount is distributed to each diversion channel according to a variable offset proportion, including: The basic allocation weight of each diversion channel is determined, so that each channel initially obtains a drainage amount corresponding to the demand value; According to the change trend of the instantaneous drainage demand value, the basic allocation weight of each channel is dynamically offset adjusted, so that the offset amount is positively and negatively variable distributed according to the demand fluctuation, to obtain a dynamically adjusted distribution amount and perform normalization processing.

[0081] In an embodiment, the basic allocation weight of each sub-flow channel is determined according to the designed flow bearing capacity, channel cross-sectional area and historical drainage characteristics of each sub-flow channel, so that each channel preliminarily obtains a drainage amount corresponding to the instantaneous drainage demand value. The basic allocation weight can be set as a proportional coefficient between 0 and 1, and the sum of the weights of all channels is 1.

[0082] According to the change trend of the instantaneous drainage demand value, the basic allocation weight of each channel is dynamically offset adjusted. The offset amount can be positively and negatively variable distributed according to the demand fluctuation, so that the allocation amount of the priority channel is appropriately increased when the drainage amount is high, and the allocation amount of the corresponding channel is reduced when the demand is low, so that the dynamically adjusted allocation amount is obtained. In some embodiments, the offset amount can be calculated by a linear or nonlinear mapping function, and factors such as channel water level, flow rate of change and upstream storage pool water level gradient can also be considered.

[0083] The dynamically adjusted allocation amount of each channel is normalized to ensure that the sum of the allocation amounts of all channels is equal to the total instantaneous drainage amount, avoiding that the total drainage amount is excessive or insufficient. The normalization processing can obtain the final shunting proportion by dividing the dynamic allocation amount of each channel by the sum, realizing the consistency of the total drainage amount and the shunting proportion.

[0084] Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the application file are intended to be included in the present application.

[0085] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A water volume interception method for a water source protection zone, characterized by, Acting on the water source protection area, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Establishing a zoning structure centered on the reservoir, and sequentially dividing the water source protection area into interception and drainage zones and ecological zones; Step S2: Setting a regulating reservoir in the interception and drainage zone and connecting it with the upstream river channel, periodically collecting and storing water volume data, thereby obtaining regulating reservoir space water volume data, wherein the regulating reservoir is connected with the downstream river channel through a drainage culvert; Step S3: Obtaining real-time rainfall; performing interception and drainage hierarchical control on the regulating reservoir space water volume data through the storm recurrence period of the real-time rainfall, thereby obtaining water storage hierarchical control data; Step S4: Based on the water storage hierarchical control data, setting a clean water conveying ditch in the ecological zone, collecting rainwater in the ecological zone and conveying it to the reservoir through the water conveying culvert in the upstream river channel, thereby forming clean water replenishment, so as to achieve hierarchical interception of life runoff and rainfall runoff and pollution isolation.

2. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 1, characterized by, Step S3 comprises the following steps: Step S31: Obtaining real-time rainfall and real-time rainfall intensity of the rainfall monitoring station arranged in the upstream river channel and the ecological zone of the reservoir; Step S32: Based on historical regional rainfall statistical data, determining the storm recurrence period corresponding to the real-time rainfall and the real-time rainfall intensity; Step S33: Dividing the real-time rainfall event according to the storm recurrence period, and performing hierarchical control on the regulating reservoir space water volume data according to the real-time rainfall event, thereby obtaining water storage hierarchical control data.

3. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 2, characterized by, Step S32 comprises: Based on the obtained historical regional rainfall statistical data, a representative annual maximum rainfall duration sequence is selected as a statistical sample; Classifying and counting the statistical sample according to different rainfall durations, and calculating the rainfall total and the average rainfall intensity under each duration condition; Probability distribution fitting is performed on each duration rainfall sequence, thereby obtaining a storm frequency relationship curve, wherein the storm frequency relationship curve is used to determine the rainfall characteristic value corresponding to different recurrence periods; The real-time rainfall and the real-time rainfall intensity are substituted into the storm frequency relationship curve to calculate the storm recurrence period index; According to the storm recurrence period index, the storm recurrence period is determined.

4. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 2, characterized by, Step S33 comprises: When the storm recurrence period is less than a preset first threshold, the real-time rainfall event is divided into a regulatable rainfall event; When the storm recurrence period is greater than the preset first threshold and less than a preset second threshold, the real-time rainfall event is divided into an over-storage rainfall event, wherein the preset first threshold is always less than and not equal to the preset second threshold; When the storm recurrence period is greater than the preset second threshold, the real-time rainfall event is divided into a super heavy storm event; Based on the regulatable rainfall event, the over-storage rainfall event and the super heavy storm event, hierarchical control is performed on the regulating reservoir space water volume data, thereby obtaining water storage hierarchical control data.

5. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 4, characterized by, Based on the regulatable rainfall event, the over-storage rainfall event and the super heavy storm event, hierarchical control on the regulating reservoir space water volume data comprises: Based on the regulatable rainfall event and the regulating reservoir space water volume data, the regulating reservoir and the upstream river channel are controlled to store runoff; Based on the over-storage rainfall event and the regulating reservoir space water volume data, over-storage water volume is determined, and the gate and the drainage culvert are controlled to operate cooperatively according to the over-storage water volume, so as to discharge the over-storage water volume into the downstream river channel; Based on the super heavy storm event and the regulating reservoir space water volume data, shunting and drainage are performed.

6. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 5, characterized by, The multiple diversion passages are arranged between the drainage culvert and the downstream river channel, and the diversion discharge based on the super heavy rain event and the water storage space data includes: Based on the super heavy rain event, the real-time water level, inflow rate and storage capacity gradient of the water storage space data are extracted; According to the real-time water level and inflow rate, the current flow load of the water body is calculated to obtain the instantaneous discharge demand value; The water storage change rate of the water body is determined by the storage capacity gradient, and the gradient adjustment discharge is obtained by combining the instantaneous discharge demand value; According to the instantaneous discharge demand value and the gradient adjustment discharge, the diversion proportion and discharge sequence of each diversion passage in the drainage culvert are calculated to obtain the diversion discharge scheduling data; The water body diversion discharge operation is sequentially executed by using the diversion discharge scheduling data.

7. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 6, characterized by, The water body diversion discharge operation is sequentially executed by using the diversion discharge scheduling data, including: According to the discharge sequence and diversion proportion of each diversion passage in the diversion discharge scheduling data, the current discharge passage and the corresponding discharge amount are determined; The discharge valve of the current discharge passage is opened in sequence, and the passage flow is adjusted according to the determined discharge amount to form the actual discharge flow; During the discharge process, the discharge time, flow and water level change are recorded in real time to generate discharge monitoring data; According to the discharge monitoring data, it is judged whether the current passage discharge is completed, if so, the next discharge passage is switched to, and the process is repeated until all diversion passages are sequentially executed.

8. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 7, characterized by, According to the discharge monitoring data, it is judged whether the current passage discharge is completed, including: In the process of excretion, the water flow, water level and excretion duration are collected by sensors in real time to generate excretion monitoring data, wherein the flow measurement range is set to 0.1-5.0 , the water level change range is set to 0.0-5.0 , and the excretion time is recorded in seconds. According to the excretion monitoring data, when the flow is lower than 0.1 and the water level drops to the bottom elevation of the channel ± 0.05 , and the excretion duration exceeds the preset minimum excretion time, it is determined that the current channel excretion is completed.

9. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 5, characterized by, According to the super storage water amount control gate and the drainage culvert cooperative operation, including: According to the super storage water amount, the super storage water amount exceeding ratio of the storage tank is determined, and the gate opening and closing control instruction is generated; Through the gate opening and closing control instruction, the opening angle and opening sequence of the gate are adjusted, and the water level change of the downstream river channel is collected; The flow feedback signal of the gate after adjustment and the water level change of the downstream river channel are monitored to dynamically adjust the flow distribution ratio of the drainage culvert.

10. The water volume interception method for a water source protection zone according to claim 1, characterized by, Before the rainwater in the ecological zone is collected and transported to the reservoir through the water conveying culvert in the upstream river channel in step S4, it further includes: A rainwater quality monitoring unit is arranged at the inlet of the clean water conveying ditch in the ecological zone to obtain rainwater quality data of the collected rainwater; The water quality data index of the rainwater quality data is detected and determined whether it meets the specification, and when all the water quality data indexes are within the limit range, it is determined that the rainwater quality in the ecological zone meets the water conveying requirement; If any index in the water quality data index is out of limit, the gate closing logic is triggered and the collected rainwater is blocked from entering the clean water conveying ditch.

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