Construction site resource dynamic scheduling method and system based on BIM and Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a construction site resource dynamic scheduling method and system based on BIM and the Internet of Things, and the method comprises the steps: firstly generating an initial BIM construction model and a corresponding region display layer by means of an Internet of Things collection terminal of each construction region and a plurality of groups of positioning tags on the two sides of the region, and constructing an initial scheduling model; when a dynamic scheduling request is responded, receiving resources and positioning acquisition information, determining an acquisition direction and positioning the resources according to the positioning information, and updating a region display layer to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model; after a resource scheduling request is received, according to input scheduling information, a resource type and an attribute are determined, a corresponding target scheduling strategy is called, a real-time model is traversed to obtain a target area, a construction area and a resource position, and a scheduling indication diagram is generated and sent to a scheduling end, so that the problems of fuzzy positioning, lagging updating and single strategy of traditional scheduling are solved; accurate resource positioning, real-time model updating and intelligent scheduling are realized, the construction efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building construction, and in particular to a construction site resource dynamic scheduling method and system based on BIM and the Internet of Things. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the acceleration of the industrialization and intelligentization transformation of the construction industry, the dynamic scheduling efficiency of construction site resources (such as materials, equipment, personnel, etc.) has become a core factor affecting construction progress, cost control and safety management. Traditional construction site resource scheduling relies on manual recording, paper document circulation or simple information system, which has problems such as fuzzy resource location positioning, state updating lag, and single scheduling strategy, which easily leads to a passive situation of resource finding scheduling rather than scheduling finding resources, causing delay in construction period, waste of resources and rising management cost.

[0003] In recent years, the fusion application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and Building Information Model (BIM) provides a new idea to solve the above problems. Internet of Things terminals (such as RFID readers, image recognition devices, positioning sensors) can collect resource state data in real time, and BIM technology can realize integrated management of resource space and time dimension through three-dimensional visualization model. However, the construction site environment is complex, such as multi-story, cross operation, and many obstructions. The resource data collected by the Internet of Things terminal is often difficult to accurately map into the BIM model due to the lack of spatial reference benchmark, leading to disconnection between data and model, and the scheduling personnel cannot intuitively obtain the real-time location of resources through BIM. In addition, most BIM models rely on manual input or periodic update, and cannot automatically adjust the resource location and state according to the real-time collection data of the Internet of Things terminal. The model is not time-efficient and difficult to support dynamic scheduling decisions.

[0004] The above content is only used to assist in understanding the technical solutions of the present application, and does not represent the acknowledgement of the above content as prior art. SUMMARY

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a construction site resource dynamic scheduling method and system based on BIM and the Internet of Things, which aims to solve the technical problems of traditional construction site resource scheduling, such as fuzzy positioning and updating lag, and when the Internet of Things and BIM are applied, the data lack spatial reference benchmark and are difficult to accurately map into the BIM model, and the model cannot be automatically updated, resulting in poor time efficiency and being unable to support dynamic scheduling decisions.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a construction site resource dynamic scheduling method based on BIM and the Internet of Things, which comprises Internet of Things collection terminals located in each construction area, and multiple groups of regional positioning labels located on both sides of the construction area. The method comprises: generating an initial BIM construction model corresponding to a target construction site, and a region display layer corresponding to each construction region in the initial BIM construction model, generating an initial scheduling model according to the initial BIM construction model and the region display layer; in response to a dynamic scheduling request of a scheduling terminal, receiving resource collection information of a corresponding construction region and positioning collection information of a region positioning tag collected by the Internet of Things collection terminal, determining a collection direction of the corresponding construction region according to the positioning collection information, performing position positioning on the resource collection information based on the collection direction, updating the region display layer of the initial BIM construction model to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model; receiving a resource scheduling request of a scheduling terminal, calling a scheduling interface and sending it to the scheduling terminal, receiving scheduling information input by the scheduling terminal based on the scheduling interface, determining a resource type and a scheduling attribute corresponding to the resource type according to the scheduling information; calling a target scheduling strategy corresponding to the scheduling attribute, traversing the real-time BIM scheduling model according to the target scheduling strategy to obtain a target region display layer, a target construction region and a target resource position, and generating a scheduling instruction map according to the target region display layer, the target construction region and the target resource position and sending it to the scheduling terminal.

[0007] Optionally, in response to a dynamic scheduling request of a scheduling terminal, receiving resource collection information of a corresponding construction region and positioning collection information of a region positioning tag collected by the Internet of Things collection terminal, determining a collection direction of the corresponding construction region according to the positioning collection information, performing position positioning on the resource collection information based on the collection direction, updating the region display layer of the initial BIM construction model to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model, comprising: analyzing the positioning collection information to obtain a first collection time when the Internet of Things collection terminal collects the region positioning tag of the corresponding construction region; obtaining a region positioning tag before the first collection time as a starting positioning tag and a region positioning tag after the first collection time as a terminal positioning tag, and taking the direction from the starting positioning tag to the terminal positioning tag as the collection direction; analyzing the resource collection information to obtain a second collection time when the Internet of Things collection terminal collects a plurality of resource tags in the corresponding construction region, performing position positioning on each resource tag based on the second collection time and the collection direction, and updating the region display layer of the initial BIM construction model to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model.

[0008] Optionally, the position of each resource tag is located based on the second collection time and the collection direction, and a region display layer of the initial BIM construction model is updated to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model, comprising: The time difference between the second collection time corresponding to each resource tag and the first collection time corresponding to the starting positioning tag is obtained, and the time difference between each resource tag and the starting positioning tag is obtained. The collection distance corresponding to each resource tag is obtained according to the product of the moving speed and the time difference, the construction axis corresponding to the corresponding region display layer is obtained, and the two end points of the construction axis are determined as the collection starting point and the collection ending point based on the collection direction. The position point on the construction axis at a collection distance from the collection starting point is determined as the resource positioning point corresponding to the corresponding resource tag based on the collection starting point and the collection direction. The resource image corresponding to each resource tag is called, and the corresponding resource image is filled into the initial BIM construction model based on the resource positioning point to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model.

[0009] Optionally, the resource image corresponding to each resource tag is called, and the corresponding resource image is filled into the initial BIM construction model based on the resource positioning point to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model, comprising: The resource positioning line perpendicular to the corresponding construction axis is generated based on the resource positioning point. The image center point of the resource image is obtained, the image center point is positioned based on the resource positioning line, the resource image is filled into the corresponding region display layer in the initial BIM construction model, and the bottom edge of the resource image is aligned with the corresponding construction axis to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model.

[0010] Optionally, after the position of the resource collection information is located based on the collection direction, the region display layer of the initial BIM construction model is updated to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model, further comprising: If the Internet of Things collection terminal identifies a resource but does not identify a resource tag, the identification time when the Internet of Things collection terminal identifies the corresponding resource is obtained, and the to-be-completed position point of the corresponding resource on the corresponding region display layer is determined based on the identification time and the collection direction. The resource images adjacent to the to-be-completed position point on both sides are obtained as the judgment images, and the target positioning points corresponding to the two judgment images are obtained, and the difference distance between the to-be-completed position point and the judgment image is obtained based on the to-be-completed position point and the target positioning point. determine a fill-in image or a prompt image corresponding to the position point to be filled in according to the phase difference distance and resource information corresponding to the determined image, fill the fill-in image or the prompt image into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled in, obtain a fill-in BIM model, and send the fill-in BIM model to the dispatching end.

[0011] Optionally, the determining a fill-in image or a prompt image corresponding to the position point to be filled in according to the phase difference distance and resource information corresponding to the determined image, filling the fill-in image or the prompt image into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled in, obtaining a fill-in BIM model, and sending the fill-in BIM model to the dispatching end include: If the phase difference distances of the two determined images are both less than a preset phase difference distance, the resource information corresponding to the determined image is obtained, if the resource information of the two determined images is consistent, the determined image is obtained as the fill-in image corresponding to the position point to be filled in, and the fill-in image is filled into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled in; If the phase difference distance of the determined image is greater than or equal to the preset phase difference distance, or the resource information of the two determined images is inconsistent, a preset prompt image is called, and the prompt image is filled into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled in; updating the real-time BIM dispatching model based on the fill-in image and / or the prompt image to obtain a fill-in BIM model, and sending the fill-in BIM model to the dispatching end.

[0012] Optionally, the calling a corresponding target dispatching strategy according to the dispatching attribute, traversing the real-time BIM dispatching model according to the target dispatching strategy to obtain a target area display layer, a target construction area, and a target resource position, generating a dispatching instruction map according to the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource position, and sending the dispatching instruction map to the dispatching end include: If the dispatching attribute is a duration attribute, a duration dispatching strategy is called, the real-time BIM dispatching model is traversed according to the duration dispatching strategy, a target area display layer, a target construction area, and a target resource position are obtained, a dispatching instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource position, and the dispatching instruction map is sent to the dispatching end; If the dispatching attribute is an efficiency attribute, an efficiency dispatching strategy is called, the real-time BIM dispatching model is traversed according to the efficiency dispatching strategy, a target area display layer, a target construction area, and a target resource position are obtained, a dispatching instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource position, and the dispatching instruction map is sent to the dispatching end.

[0013] Optionally, if the scheduling attribute is a duration attribute, a duration scheduling strategy is called, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the duration scheduling strategy, a target area display layer, a target construction area and a target resource position are obtained, a scheduling instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area and the target resource position, and the scheduling instruction map is sent to a scheduling terminal, including: A resource of the same type as the resource type in the target construction site is obtained as a first screening resource, a planned use time and a first resource quantity of each first screening resource are obtained, the first screening resources are arranged in order from early to late according to the planned use time, and a first screening sequence is obtained; A resource quantity required by the scheduling terminal is received, a first screening resource in the first screening sequence is selected as a first target resource in turn, and a first total resource quantity corresponding to all first target resources is counted, and the selection of the first target resource is stopped when the first total resource quantity is greater than or equal to the resource quantity required; The real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed based on the first target resource, a region display layer in which the first target resource is located is obtained as a target region display layer, a construction area in which the first target resource is located in the target region display layer is obtained as a target construction area, and a resource image corresponding to the first target resource in the target construction area is obtained as a target image; The pixel values of the target region display layer, the target construction area and the target image are updated according to a preset pixel value, and a scheduling instruction map is obtained and sent to the scheduling terminal.

[0014] Optionally, if the scheduling attribute is an efficiency attribute, an efficiency scheduling strategy is called, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the efficiency scheduling strategy, a target area display layer, a target construction area and a target resource position are obtained, a scheduling instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area and the target resource position, and the scheduling instruction map is sent to a scheduling terminal, including: A resource of the same type as the resource type in the target construction site is obtained as a first screening resource, a planned use time and a first resource quantity of each first screening resource are obtained, the first screening resources are arranged in order from early to late according to the planned use time, and a first screening sequence is obtained; Each second screening resource is arranged in order from small to large according to the transportation distance, and a second screening sequence is obtained; Each second screening resource in the second screening sequence is selected as a second target resource in turn, and a second total resource quantity corresponding to all second target resources is counted, and the selection of the second target resource is stopped when the second total resource quantity is greater than or equal to the resource quantity required. Based on the second target resource, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed, the area display layer where the second target resource is located is obtained as a target area display layer, the construction area where the second target resource is located in the target area display layer is obtained as a target construction area, and the resource image corresponding to the second target resource in the target construction area is obtained as a target image; According to a preset pixel value, the pixel values of the target area display layer, the target construction area and the target image are updated to obtain a scheduling instruction map sent to a scheduling end.

[0015] In addition, to achieve the above purpose, the application also provides a construction site resource dynamic scheduling system based on BIM and Internet of Things, which comprises: a processor; a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the steps of the construction site resource dynamic scheduling method based on BIM and Internet of Things as described in any one of the above.

[0016] The application provides a construction site resource dynamic scheduling method based on BIM and Internet of Things, which utilizes Internet of Things collection terminals and area positioning tags located in each construction area to realize accurate positioning of resource positions in complex construction environments, determines the collection direction through positioning collection information and combines multi-source data to update the initial BIM model in real time, so that the model can dynamically reflect the spatial position and state of the resource, solving the problems of disconnection between data and model and fuzzy position positioning in the traditional mode; when receiving a scheduling request, the system can quickly identify the resource type and scheduling attribute based on the real-time updated BIM model, automatically match the target scheduling strategy and generate the optimal scheduling scheme through model traversal, shorten the scheduling instruction response time, avoid the experience limitations of manual scheduling, realize the scientific balance of multiple targets such as construction period, cost and safety, and realize the scientific balance of multiple targets such as construction period, cost and safety. The visual scheduling interface and the real-time updated scheduling instruction map enable the scheduling personnel to intuitively master the resource distribution and dynamics, form a closed-loop management of sensing-decision-execution combined with the real-time feedback of Internet of Things data, not only reduce the cost of manual patrol and paper document circulation, but also reduce the safety accident risk and equipment failure probability through dynamic partition early warning and equipment state monitoring, and provide an efficient, accurate and traceable management paradigm for the intelligent transformation of building construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the construction site resource dynamic scheduling method based on BIM and Internet of Things.

[0018] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the BIM and IoT-based dynamic resource scheduling method for construction sites according to the present invention.

[0021] In one embodiment, the BIM and IoT-based dynamic resource scheduling method for construction sites includes IoT data acquisition terminals located in each construction area, and multiple sets of area positioning tags located on both sides of the construction area. The method includes: Step S100: Generate an initial BIM construction model corresponding to the target construction site, and a region display layer located within the initial BIM construction model corresponding to each construction area. Generate an initial scheduling model based on the initial BIM construction model and the region display layer.

[0022] The area positioning tag can be a fixed location marker device deployed on both sides of the construction area, used to emit or reflect signals with spatial orientation characteristics. It can provide a spatial reference for the IoT data acquisition terminal, assisting in establishing the geometric correspondence between resource data and the BIM model. In this embodiment, the area positioning tag periodically broadcasts a unique identification signal via radio frequency, ultra-wideband pulse, or Bluetooth beacon. The IoT data acquisition terminal receives and analyzes the angle of arrival or signal strength distribution. This signal can be one or more of a radio frequency tag array, an ultra-wideband beacon group, or a Bluetooth beacon pair.

[0023] Step S200: Respond to the dynamic scheduling request from the scheduling terminal, receive resource collection information and location collection information of the area positioning tag from the IoT collection terminal for the corresponding construction area, determine the collection direction of the corresponding construction area based on the location collection information, locate the resource collection information based on the collection direction, update the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model, and obtain the real-time BIM scheduling model.

[0024] In this embodiment, determining the acquisition direction of the corresponding construction area based on the location acquisition information can be achieved by analyzing the multi-point signal arrival angle or intensity gradient of the area positioning tag, calculating the orientation vector of the IoT acquisition terminal, and establishing the spatial relative orientation relationship between the acquisition terminal and the construction area, thus providing directional constraints for resource positioning. Positioning the resource acquisition information based on the acquisition direction can be achieved by using ray casting to match the resource with the area boundary, realizing accurate positioning of the resource in the 3D BIM space, and eliminating positioning deviations caused by occlusion and multipath interference.

[0025] Step S300: Receive the resource scheduling request from the scheduling terminal, retrieve the scheduling interface and send it to the scheduling terminal, receive the scheduling information input by the scheduling terminal based on the scheduling interface, determine the resource type and the scheduling attribute corresponding to the resource type based on the scheduling information.

[0026] In this embodiment, determining the resource type based on scheduling information can be achieved by parsing the attribute tags of the resource type in the scheduling request and matching them with the corresponding scheduling rule set in the preset strategy library. This enables dynamic adaptation between scheduling logic and resource characteristics, avoiding inefficient responses caused by general strategies.

[0027] Step S400: Retrieve the corresponding target scheduling strategy according to the scheduling attributes, traverse the real-time BIM scheduling model according to the target scheduling strategy to obtain the target area display layer, target construction area and target resource location, and generate a scheduling instruction map based on the target area display layer, target construction area and target resource location and send it to the scheduling terminal.

[0028] In this embodiment, traversing the real-time BIM scheduling model can be based on the A* algorithm to search for the optimal path in the layer grid, automatically generating resource distribution and movement paths that meet the scheduling objectives, replacing manual experience judgment.

[0029] Taking the scheduling of steel structure hoisting in high-rise buildings as an example, ultra-wideband beacon groups are deployed on both sides of the construction area on the 8th and 10th floors. The Internet of Things terminal detects the RFID tag on the tower crane hook and determines the terminal's orientation as southeast by the beacon signal arrival angle. The hook position is projected onto the steel structure layer of the BIM model and its spatial coordinates are corrected. When the scheduling request is input to send the hook to the welding point on the 9th floor, the system matches the heavy component priority avoidance passage strategy, traverses the passage path layer in the real-time BIM model, identifies the vertical passage not occupied by material vehicles, and generates a scheduling instruction map to guide the hook to move along the specified path.

[0030] This embodiment provides a method for dynamic resource scheduling at construction sites based on BIM and IoT. It generates an initial BIM construction model and regional display layers, responds to scheduling requests and updates the real-time BIM scheduling model, receives scheduling requests and determines resource types and scheduling attributes, retrieves target scheduling strategies and generates scheduling instruction maps. This allows for the use of regional positioning tags to provide spatial orientation benchmarks. By determining the acquisition direction based on positioning data, a geometric alignment relationship between IoT data and BIM space is established. Based on this, the resource acquisition information is located according to the acquisition direction to achieve accurate mapping of resource coordinates in complex environments, transforming the initial BIM model into a real-time BIM scheduling model. When a scheduling request is triggered, the corresponding target scheduling strategy is retrieved based on the scheduling attributes to activate specific scheduling rules. Then, by traversing the real-time BIM scheduling model, the optimal resource path is automatically searched in three-dimensional space, forming a complete closed loop from spatial perception, model synchronization, strategy matching to path generation. This eliminates the uncertainty of manual positioning and experience-based scheduling, achieving the technical effects of dynamic resource response and spatial conflict avoidance.

[0031] In one embodiment, in response to the dynamic scheduling request from the scheduling terminal, the system receives resource collection information and location collection information of the corresponding construction area from the IoT data acquisition terminal, determines the collection direction of the corresponding construction area based on the location collection information, locates the resource collection information based on the collection direction, updates the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model, and obtains a real-time BIM scheduling model.

[0032] The area positioning tags can be fixed-location markers deployed on both sides of the construction area, used to emit or reflect signals with spatial orientation characteristics. These tags can provide a spatial reference for IoT data acquisition terminals, assisting in establishing the geometric correspondence between resource data and the BIM model. In this embodiment, the use of area positioning tags is optimized by identifying start and end tags based on the temporal sequence of data acquisition to construct a dynamic acquisition direction, rather than relying solely on inference from a single signal direction. Area positioning tags can be RFID arrays, ultra-wideband beacon groups, Bluetooth beacon pairs, etc.

[0033] A real-time BIM scheduling model can be a dynamically updated 3D digital twin based on an initial BIM construction model. It includes layered representations of the real-time location and status of resources and can serve as a spatiotemporal data carrier for scheduling decisions, achieving synchronous mapping between dynamic resource information and building structural space. In this embodiment, the update of the area display layer is based on the coupling results of the second acquisition time and direction of the resource tags, achieving more refined temporal positioning updates and improving the accuracy of model evolution. The real-time BIM scheduling model can include resource location layers, equipment status layers, and work occupancy layers, etc.

[0034] The location data is parsed to obtain the first acquisition time when the IoT acquisition terminal collects the area location tags of the corresponding construction area. Based on the area location tags with the first acquisition time preceding the first acquisition time as the starting location tag and the area location tags with the first acquisition time following the first acquisition time as the ending location tag, the direction from the starting location tag to the ending location tag is taken as the acquisition direction.

[0035] The resource collection information is analyzed to obtain the second collection time when the IoT collection terminal collects multiple resource tags in the corresponding construction area. The location of each resource tag is then determined based on the second collection time and collection direction. This location can be achieved by temporally matching the collection time of the resource tag with its corresponding collection direction and then interpolating the location along the direction vector in the area display layer. Furthermore, the location can be determined by using linear interpolation to allocate resource coordinates between the start and end tags, or by calculating the projected position of the resource on the direction vector based on the time difference. This achieves high-precision mapping of resource location in both time and space dimensions, eliminating location drift caused by asynchronous collection.

[0036] The initial BIM construction model's regional display layers are updated to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model. Updating the initial BIM construction model's regional display layers can be done by overwriting or incrementally updating the resource space coordinates and status fields of the corresponding layers in the initial model based on the temporal positioning results of resource tags. Furthermore, updating the initial BIM construction model's regional display layers can be achieved by using a layer differential compression mechanism to update only the changed areas, or by triggering a local re-rendering of the model through an event-driven mechanism, enabling the BIM model to have frame-by-frame synchronous dynamic evolution capabilities and supporting millisecond-level resource status feedback. Taking the dynamic adjustment of the rebar cage hoisting path as an example, the IoT terminal collects the second acquisition time of the rebar cage RFID tag on the 7th floor as T2, simultaneously resolving the starting positioning tag as the west beacon group and the ending positioning tag as the east beacon group, forming a west-to-east acquisition direction. Based on time T2 and the direction vector, the system interpolates and calculates the rebar cage's position in the middle of the passage on that floor in the regional display layer; then, it updates the rebar cage layer coordinates in the real-time BIM scheduling model. The scheduling terminal uses this to determine the interference risk with the tower crane boom and automatically triggers path replanning.

[0037] This embodiment receives resource collection information and location collection information of the corresponding construction area from the IoT acquisition terminal in response to the dynamic scheduling request of the scheduling terminal. Based on the location collection information, it determines the collection direction of the corresponding construction area, locates the resource collection information based on the collection direction, updates the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model, and obtains a real-time BIM scheduling model. By parsing the temporal relationship of the area location tags, it generates a dynamic collection direction and achieves spatiotemporal coupling positioning by combining the second collection time of the resource tags, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-point direction inference. Based on this, the update of the area display layer is event-driven and temporally aligned, enabling the real-time BIM scheduling model to have the dynamic evolution capability of frame-by-frame synchronization. This mechanism upgrades resource positioning from static spatial matching to temporally aware continuous trajectory reconstruction, significantly improving positioning consistency and model real-time performance in multi-occlusion and multi-terminal asynchronous acquisition environments, providing high-fidelity spatial basis for subsequent scheduling strategy matching and path generation.

[0038] In one embodiment, the location of each resource tag is determined based on the second acquisition time and acquisition direction, and the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model is updated to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model, including: The moving speed of an IoT data acquisition terminal can be obtained by dividing the displacement difference between two consecutive location tag acquisition times by the time difference to calculate the terminal's average moving speed. Furthermore, the moving speed of the IoT data acquisition terminal can be obtained by calculating the displacement rate based on UWB multi-point ranging or by estimating the instantaneous speed using an accelerometer. This allows for the establishment of a terminal motion model, providing dynamic speed parameters for resource tag location estimation.

[0039] The time difference between each resource tag and the starting positioning tag is obtained by calculating the difference between the second acquisition time corresponding to each resource tag and the first acquisition time corresponding to the starting positioning tag. This can be achieved by performing a time offset calculation on the acquisition time of each resource tag and the acquisition time of the starting positioning tag. Furthermore, the time difference between each resource tag and the starting positioning tag can be obtained by time-series alignment based on the time difference between the second acquisition time corresponding to each resource tag and the first acquisition time corresponding to the starting positioning tag. This can be achieved by grouping by tag ID for time-series alignment or by using a sliding window filter to remove abnormal time differences. This allows the establishment of a time-series relationship between the resource tags and the starting point, providing a time-series input for distance estimation.

[0040] The acquisition distance for each resource tag is obtained by multiplying the moving speed and the time difference between the two resource tags. This can be achieved by multiplying the terminal's moving speed by the time difference between the two resource tags to calculate the straight-line distance of the resource tag relative to the acquisition starting point. Furthermore, obtaining the acquisition distance for each resource tag based on the product of moving speed and time difference can be achieved through direct multiplication using a uniform velocity assumption or by introducing an acceleration compensation factor for nonlinear correction. This allows for kinematic estimation of resource locations in GPS-free environments, eliminating positioning delay and asynchronous errors.

[0041] Obtain the construction axis lines corresponding to the relevant area's display layer. This can be achieved by extracting the geometric data of the structural centerline corresponding to the current construction area. Furthermore, obtaining the construction axis lines corresponding to the relevant area's display layer can be achieved by extracting axis lines through BIM component attribute association or by automatically generating center reference lines based on area boundaries. This allows abstract positioning data to be bound to the building's physical structure, ensuring that the positioning results comply with engineering specifications.

[0042] The two endpoints of the construction axis are determined based on the acquisition direction and are respectively used as the acquisition start and end points. This can be achieved by selecting the endpoint on the construction axis aligned with the acquisition direction vector as the start point and the other end as the end point. Furthermore, determining the two endpoints of the construction axis as the acquisition start and end points based on the acquisition direction can be achieved by determining the consistency of endpoint orientation through vector dot product or by using a projection method to filter endpoints with matching orientations. This allows the construction of a directional positioning spatial framework, limiting the resource location calculation to within the structurally permissible path.

[0043] Using the data collection starting point as a reference, the location points on the construction axis at distances from the starting point are determined according to the collection direction and used as resource positioning points corresponding to the resource tags. This can be achieved by linear interpolation along the construction axis from the data collection starting point, using the calculated collection distance to generate two-dimensional coordinates of the resource on the axis. Furthermore, using the data collection starting point as a reference, determining the location points on the construction axis at distances from the starting point according to the collection direction as resource positioning points corresponding to the resource tags can be achieved through parametric axis interpolation positioning or nearest neighbor matching based on a discrete point set of the axis. This allows for centimeter-level spatial positioning of resources on the structural axis, improving the consistency between positioning and building geometry.

[0044] The process involves retrieving resource images corresponding to each resource tag and filling them into the initial BIM construction model based on resource location points to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model. Alternatively, resource images can be mapped to the corresponding pixel positions in the area display layer according to their resource location point coordinates, achieving visual overlay. Furthermore, retrieving resource images corresponding to each resource tag and filling them into the initial BIM construction model based on resource location points to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model can be achieved by using image scaling and rotation to adapt to the axis direction or by using layer blending techniques to achieve transparent overlay and occlusion processing. This allows for semantic dimensionality enhancement from tag data to visual entities, improving scheduling personnel's intuitive understanding of resource form and distribution. Taking the dynamic positioning and visualization of the rebar cage in the passage as an example, the IoT terminal moves along the construction passage axis at a speed of 0.5m / s and captures the western positioning tag as the starting point at time T1; then, at times T2 and T3, it reads two rebar cage tags respectively, with time differences of 4s and 7s, and calculates the acquisition distances as 2m and 5m respectively; the system extracts the passage axis, takes the western end point as the acquisition starting point, and calculates the resource positioning points of the rebar cage at 2m and 5m on the axis respectively according to the direction; retrieves the rebar cage outline drawing, fills it into the passage layer of the BIM model according to the coordinates, and forms a visible resource distribution map, so that the dispatcher can intuitively judge whether it obstructs the hoisting path.

[0045] This embodiment obtains the moving speed of the IoT acquisition terminal, calculates the time difference between each resource tag and the starting positioning tag based on the time difference between the second acquisition time corresponding to each resource tag and the first acquisition time corresponding to the starting positioning tag, obtains the acquisition distance corresponding to each resource tag based on the product of the moving speed and the time difference, acquires the construction axis corresponding to the corresponding area display layer, determines the two endpoints of the construction axis as the acquisition start point and acquisition end point based on the acquisition direction, determines the position points on the construction axis at the acquisition distance from the acquisition start point according to the acquisition direction as the resource positioning points corresponding to the resource tags, and retrieves the resource images corresponding to each resource tag based on the resources. The positioning points fill the corresponding resource images into the initial BIM construction model, resulting in a real-time BIM scheduling model. Through these steps, kinematically driven acquisition distance calculation is achieved, structural constraint space is constructed by combining construction axes, precise resource positioning points are generated based on the acquisition starting point, and finally, through semantic filling of resource images, abstract labels are upgraded to concrete visual entities. This allows the BIM model to leap from coordinate expression to a dynamic digital twin containing form, location, and time. This mechanism realizes a closed loop of the entire chain from motion calculation, structural alignment, and visual mapping, significantly improving positioning consistency, structural compliance, and visualization readability in complex environments, and supporting the scheduling system to achieve accurate, intuitive, and traceable dynamic decision-making.

[0046] In one embodiment, the resource images corresponding to each resource tag are retrieved, and the corresponding resource images are filled into the initial BIM construction model based on the resource location points to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model, including: Based on the resource positioning point, generate a resource positioning line perpendicular to the corresponding construction axis; Obtain the center point of the resource image, locate the center point based on the resource positioning line, fill the resource image into the corresponding area display layer in the initial BIM construction model, and align the bottom edge of the resource image with the corresponding construction axis to obtain the real-time BIM scheduling model.

[0047] The resource positioning line can be an auxiliary geometric line used to provide directional constraint reference for the resource image, ensuring that the image's orientation in two-dimensional space conforms to the construction structure logic. In this embodiment, the resource positioning line can be generated as an infinitely long straight line orthogonal to the axis by calculating the normal vector based on the geometric relationship between the resource positioning point and the construction axis. The resource positioning line can be a horizontal positioning line, a vertical positioning line, or an oblique positioning line.

[0048] Resource images can be visual entity representations bound to resource tags, containing resource appearance or type characteristics. They can be used to transform abstract tag data into recognizable visual entities, enhancing the semantic expressiveness of BIM models. In this solution, the placement of resource images no longer depends solely on positioning point coordinates, but achieves standardized presentation through dual constraints of bottom edge alignment and center point positioning. Resource images can be material stack images, equipment outline diagrams, or personnel icons.

[0049] The image center point can be the geometric center coordinates of the resource image, used as a spatial positioning reference for the image. It can also be used as a calculation anchor point for the spatial positioning of the image in the BIM model, ensuring that the image is centered and aligned. In this embodiment, the image center point can be calculated as the midpoint coordinates of the width and height of the image based on the image pixel matrix, thus serving as the geometric center of the image.

[0050] Construction axes can be geometric reference lines in the BIM model representing the centerlines of structural components or the direction of work access routes. They can be used to provide a two-dimensional spatial benchmark that conforms to the constraints of the building structure for resource positioning. In this scheme, construction axes not only serve as positioning benchmarks but also as geometric references for image bottom edge alignment, enhancing the engineering standardization of visual expression. Construction axes can be structural beam axes, construction access route axes, or vertical transportation axes.

[0051] The area display layer can be a two-dimensional visualization layer in the initial BIM model used to express the resource distribution of a specific construction area. It can be used to carry resource location points and image data, serving as a visualization carrier for the dynamic updating of the BIM model. In this embodiment, the area display layer can be separated from the initial BIM model into a planar layer corresponding to the construction area, supporting image overlay and coordinate updates.

[0052] A real-time BIM scheduling model is a dynamically updated 3D digital twin based on an initial BIM construction model. It includes layered representations of the real-time location and status of resources and can serve as a spatiotemporal data carrier for scheduling decisions, enabling synchronous mapping of dynamic resource information with the building's structural space. In this solution, model updates are achieved through a dual calibration mechanism of image bottom edge alignment and center point positioning, improving the accuracy and consistency of visual representation.

[0053] Using resource positioning points as a reference, resource positioning lines perpendicular to the corresponding construction axis are generated. This can be achieved by calculating the normal vector of the resource positioning point coordinates and the direction vector of the construction axis, and then extending it to generate a vertical auxiliary line. Furthermore, this operation can be implemented by calculating the orthogonal direction based on the vector cross product or by directly generating the positioning line using the unit normal vector of the BIM axis. This establishes a rigid constraint on image orientation, avoiding visual confusion caused by random rotation of the resource image.

[0054] Obtaining the center point of a resource image can be achieved by reading the pixel dimensions of the resource image and calculating the midpoint between its width and height as the center coordinates. Furthermore, this operation can be implemented by extracting the center point based on image metadata or by calculating the centroid of the image contour, thereby providing a unified reference point for image spatial positioning and eliminating offsets caused by inconsistencies in the origins of different images.

[0055] Locating the image center point based on the resource positioning line can be achieved by projecting the image center point along the resource positioning line to its intersection with the resource positioning point, thus achieving precise vertical positioning of the image. Furthermore, this operation can be achieved by aligning the center point with the intersection of the positioning line and the positioning point through coordinate system translation, or by using affine transformation to align the image center with the positioning line, thereby ensuring that the image is precisely centered in the direction perpendicular to the construction axis and avoiding lateral offset.

[0056] Aligning the bottom edge of a resource image with the corresponding construction axis can be achieved by adjusting the image rotation angle to keep its bottom edge parallel to the direction of the construction axis and to position the bottom edge at the height plane of the axis. Further, this operation can be achieved by rotating the image according to the axis tilt angle or setting the Y-coordinate value of the image's bottom edge based on the axis height, thereby achieving standardized presentation of resources at the engineering semantic level, such as equipment bases being grounded and material stacking directions consistent with the passageway. Taking the visual alignment of a rebar stockpile in a construction passageway as an example, the BIM and IoT-based dynamic scheduling method for construction site resources in this embodiment can be as follows: A resource positioning line perpendicular to the axis is generated at the resource positioning point on the passageway axis; the system acquires the center point of the rebar stockpile image and accurately positions it along the positioning line to the positioning point; then, the entire image is rotated so that the bottom edge of the image is completely parallel to the passageway axis and conforms to the elevation of the axis; finally, the rebar stockpile is presented in the BIM layer with a standard orientation, bottom alignment, and centered placement, allowing schedulers to immediately identify whether it obstructs the transportation path.

[0057] This embodiment generates resource positioning lines perpendicular to the corresponding construction axis based on resource positioning points, obtains the image center point of the resource image, locates the image center point based on the resource positioning lines, fills the resource image into the corresponding area display layer in the initial BIM construction model, and aligns the bottom edge of the resource image with the corresponding construction axis. This achieves a rigid geometric constraint on image orientation by generating resource positioning lines perpendicular to the construction axis, and ensures precise vertical centering of the image by combining image center point positioning. Finally, by aligning the bottom edge with the construction axis, it achieves a dual standardization effect in both spatial location and engineering semantics of the resource image. This mechanism transforms the BIM model from randomly placed icons into visual entities conforming to construction specifications, significantly improving the professionalism, readability, and consistency of the scheduling interface. It supports schedulers in quickly judging the compliance of resource placement and the risk of spatial conflicts based on visual intuition, promoting the evolution of BIM from static coordinate representation to engineering semantic visualization.

[0058] In one embodiment, after locating the resource acquisition information based on the acquisition direction and updating the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model to obtain the real-time BIM scheduling model, the method further includes: If the IoT data acquisition terminal identifies a resource but does not identify a resource tag, it obtains the identification time when the IoT data acquisition terminal identified the corresponding resource. The IoT data acquisition terminal can be a multimodal sensing device deployed on mobile resources or work nodes, possessing resource visual recognition and location tag reception capabilities. It can be used to simultaneously collect resource visual information and spatial positioning signals as the raw data acquisition carrier for spatiotemporal data. The IoT data acquisition terminal can integrate a camera, RFID read / write module, and UWB transceiver unit to periodically record the resource visual features and the reception time of their corresponding location tags. In this embodiment, when the visual recognition module detects a resource but does not match a tag ID, a timestamp recording mechanism is triggered to establish a time anchor point for the untagged resource, providing necessary input for subsequent spatial estimation.

[0059] The identification time and acquisition direction determine the missing location points of the corresponding resources on the corresponding area display layer. The identification time can be the precise time when the IoT acquisition terminal confirms the existence of a resource through visual recognition; it can serve as the unique event anchor point for unlabeled resources in the time dimension for spatial location estimation. The identification time is recorded by the system timestamp triggered by visual recognition, which is recorded by the terminal's built-in time synchronization module. The acquisition direction can be the movement or orientation vector of the IoT acquisition terminal when acquiring the resource, which can be derived from the temporal relationship of the area positioning tags, providing geometric constraints for the spatial positioning of unlabeled resources and ensuring that the location estimation conforms to the actual movement path. The terminal's movement direction vector is calculated based on the difference between the acquisition times of the start and end positioning tags. In this embodiment, the identification time is substituted into the terminal's motion model, and two-dimensional coordinate points are interpolated in the area display layer along the acquisition direction, achieving reasonable inference of the resource's spatial location under unlabeled conditions and filling data gaps.

[0060] The system acquires adjacent resource images on both sides of the missing point as judgment images, along with target positioning points corresponding to the two judgment images. The judgment images can be adjacent resource images with known label information located on both sides of the missing point, providing a basis for local spatial distribution patterns to infer the type and expected form of the missing resource. The judgment images extract the two nearest filled resource images before and after the missing point from the region display layer. The target positioning points can be precise spatial coordinates of the judgment images confirmed in the region display layer, serving as a reference for spatial distance calculation and supporting relative positioning of the missing resource. The target positioning points are generated by the preceding positioning process, bound to the judgment images, and stored in the layer attributes. In this embodiment, the system searches the region display layer for the two nearest filled resource images before and after the missing point and their bound coordinates to construct a local spatial semantic context, supporting the inference of the type and distribution pattern of the missing resource.

[0061] The distance between the point to be filled and the target positioning point is obtained based on the distance between the point to be filled and the judgment image. This distance can be the straight-line distance between the point to be filled and the adjacent target positioning point in the judgment image, quantifying the spatial relationship between the missing resource and known resources, and serving as a basis for selecting the completion strategy. The distance is calculated using the Euclidean distance formula between the point to be filled and the two target positioning points. In this embodiment, the Euclidean distance from the point to be filled to the two target positioning points is calculated as a relative spatial interval value, quantifying the distribution relationship between the missing point and known resources, and providing a numerical basis for the completion strategy.

[0062] Based on the distance difference and the resource information corresponding to the judgment image, the corresponding supplementary image or prompt image for the location point to be supplemented is determined. The supplementary image can be a visual representation of the actual resource inferred from adjacent resource information and filled into the location point to be supplemented, restoring the visual continuity of data breaks and maintaining the integrity and readability of the BIM model. The supplementary image matches the resource type and spacing pattern of the judgment image, and retrieves standard images of the same type of resource for filling. The prompt image can be a warning visual symbol used to indicate data anomalies or identify low confidence levels, proactively exposing resource missing risks, guiding manual verification, and avoiding misjudgment scheduling decisions. When the distance difference exceeds a preset threshold or the resource types are inconsistent, the prompt image generates a flashing icon, border, or warning text. In this embodiment, if the distance difference is within the typical resource spacing range and the types are consistent, the supplementary image is selected; if the distance is abnormal or the types conflict, a prompt image is generated, achieving intelligent decision-making: supplementing reasonable inferences, warning of abnormal risks, and improving model reliability.

[0063] The supplementary image or prompt image is filled into the corresponding area display layer according to the location point to be filled, resulting in a supplementary BIM model. The supplementary BIM model can be generated by overlaying the supplementary image or prompt image onto the area display layer according to the coordinates of the location point to be filled, creating a new version model. This provides a complete and interpretable representation of resource distribution, supporting safe decision-making even in scenarios with missing data. In this embodiment, the selected image is overlaid onto the area display layer according to the coordinates of the location point to be filled, generating an updated BIM model version. This achieves visual repair or risk labeling of data breaks, ensuring model integrity and decision-making security. Taking intelligent completion and early warning when a rebar cage label falls off as an example, the IoT terminal identifies an unlabeled rebar cage in the channel, records the identification time, and calculates the location point to be filled along the acquisition direction. The system acquires the images of the rebar cage already filled on its left and right sides, calculating that they are 8m and 1m away from the location point to be filled, respectively, within the typical spacing range. The system retrieves a standard rebar cage image and fills it into the point, forming a continuous stacked visual effect. The dispatcher displays the complete resource distribution without manual verification. If the distance is 6m and the type is steel pipe, the system will generate a red warning icon, indicating that the label is missing and the type is incorrect. Please check.

[0064] This embodiment calculates the missing locations of unlabeled resources by identifying the time and direction of data acquisition. Combined with the spatial distribution and type information of the images on both sides, it intelligently selects to fill in the real image or issue an early warning, thereby achieving automatic repair and risk exposure of data gaps. This mechanism upgrades the BIM model from a fragmented state of passively receiving label data to a self-healing digital twin with active reasoning, intelligent completion, and anomaly early warning. Even in scenarios where labels fail, are occluded, or fail to be identified, it can still maintain the integrity and reliability of resource distribution, significantly reducing scheduling blind spots and misjudgment risks, and promoting the evolution of construction site management from a data-dependent to an intelligent inference-based management paradigm.

[0065] In one embodiment, the process involves determining the supplementary image or prompt image corresponding to the location point to be supplemented based on the distance difference and the resource information corresponding to the judgment image; filling the corresponding area display layer with the supplementary image or prompt image based on the location point to be supplemented to obtain the supplemented BIM model; and sending the supplemented BIM model to the scheduling terminal, including: If the difference between two judgment images is less than the preset difference, the resource information corresponding to the judgment image is obtained. If the resource information of the two judgment images is the same, the judgment image is obtained as the filling image corresponding to the position point to be filled. The filling image is filled into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled. The preset distance difference can be a threshold parameter used to judge the rationality of resource spatial distribution, representing the typical spacing range between adjacent resources. It can be used as a spatial consistency criterion to distinguish between normal distribution and abnormal gaps, and to control the triggering conditions for completion behavior. It is based on the statistical setting of the average spacing distribution of similar resources in historical construction data, without relying on real-time measurement. The judgment image can be an adjacent resource image with known label information located on both sides of the point to be filled, providing a basis for local spatial distribution patterns to infer the type and expected form of the missing resource. The two most recent filled resource images before and after the point to be filled are extracted from the area display layer. Resource information can be structured resource attribute data bound to the judgment image, including semantic features such as type, specifications, and status, serving as a semantic consistency criterion to determine whether the missing resource is homogeneous with adjacent resources. Metadata fields associated with the judgment image are extracted from the resource label database. If the resource information of the two judgment images is consistent, the judgment image is obtained as the completion image corresponding to the point to be filled, which may include, but is not limited to, string matching of resource type and numerical range comparison of specification parameters. High-confidence automatic completion is achieved under dual spatial and semantic constraints, avoiding the misfilling of heterogeneous resources.

[0066] If the difference between two judgment images is greater than or equal to the preset difference, or if the resource information of two judgment images is inconsistent, then the preset prompt image is retrieved and the prompt image is filled into the corresponding display layer according to the position point to be filled. The alert images can be warning visual symbols used to indicate insufficient data confidence or semantic conflicts, proactively exposing potential missed detections, mismatches, or security risks, and guiding manual verification. A pre-defined alert graphic library is invoked, such as flashing borders, question mark icons, and red labels. The alert image invocation mechanism is triggered when any condition is not met, preventing image copying and proactively issuing anomaly signals in low-confidence scenarios to prevent erroneous inferences from misleading scheduling decisions. Different alert icons are selected based on the conflict type, with overlaid text descriptions such as type conflict or abnormal spacing.

[0067] The real-time BIM scheduling model is updated based on the completed image and / or prompt image to obtain the completed BIM model, and the completed BIM model is sent to the scheduling terminal. The process of completing the BIM model involves overlaying the completed image and / or prompt image onto the area display layer according to the coordinates of the point to be completed, generating a new version of the model. This provides a complete scheduling visualization platform that integrates reasoning results and anomaly prompts. Selected images are overlaid onto the area display layer according to the coordinates of the point to be completed, generating an updated model instance. An enhanced BIM view with completion or warning capabilities is output, supporting the scheduling end to make safe decisions even with missing data. Incremental layers are merged, retaining the original version, and adding timestamps and completion identifiers for version tracking. Taking the intelligent completion decision when the rebar cage label fails as an example, the distance between the rebar piles on both sides of the point to be completed is 2m and 4m, both less than the preset 5m threshold; both image resource information is HRB400, Φ25, and 6m in length; the system copies the right rebar pile image as the completion image and fills it into the point to be completed; the scheduling end displays a continuous rebar pile layout with no anomaly prompts. If the spacing on one side is 8m and the resource information is steel pipe, the system calls the image with a red warning box to fill the gap and marks it as a type mismatch, reminding manual verification.

[0068] This embodiment determines the supplementary image or prompt image corresponding to the location point to be supplemented based on the distance difference and the resource information corresponding to the judgment image. The supplementary image or prompt image is then filled into the corresponding display layer according to the location point to be supplemented, resulting in a supplemented BIM model. The supplemented BIM model is then sent to the scheduling terminal. By constructing spatial and semantic dual criteria based on the preset distance difference and resource information consistency, a confidence-based decision-making process for the supplementation behavior is achieved: high consistency automatically replicates the real image to maintain model coherence, while low consistency forcibly triggers a prompt image to expose risks. This mechanism upgrades the BIM model from passive filling to intelligent judgment, enabling it to infer reasonable distribution and identify abnormal conflicts in unlabeled scenarios. This ensures that the scheduling terminal neither blindly supplements data nor overlooks potential hazards when data is missing, achieving a closed-loop cognitive capability of supplementing what can be supplemented and alerting to what is suspicious. This provides a robust, traceable, and reliable dynamic visualization decision-making basis for complex construction sites.

[0069] In one embodiment, the corresponding target scheduling strategy is retrieved based on the scheduling attributes; the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the target scheduling strategy to obtain the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location; a scheduling instruction map is generated based on the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location and sent to the scheduling terminal, including: If the scheduling attribute is the project duration attribute, the project duration scheduling strategy is retrieved, and the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the project duration scheduling strategy to obtain the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location. A scheduling instruction map is generated based on the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location and sent to the scheduling terminal. If the scheduling attribute is an efficiency attribute, then the efficiency scheduling strategy is retrieved, and the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the efficiency scheduling strategy to obtain the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location. Based on the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location, a scheduling instruction map is generated and sent to the scheduling terminal.

[0070] The scheduling attributes can be the business optimization target types defined in the scheduling request. These parameters are used to distinguish different decision priorities and can serve as triggering conditions for strategy selection, determining whether the scheduling system adopts different decision logics such as prioritizing completion time or efficiency. Scheduling attributes can be completion time attributes or efficiency attributes, and can include minimizing completion time, minimizing travel distance, etc.

[0071] In this embodiment, the corresponding target scheduling strategy is retrieved based on the scheduling attribute. When the scheduling attribute is a duration attribute, a duration scheduling strategy can be retrieved. This strategy is a set of resource scheduling rules aimed at shortening the total construction period, emphasizing critical path priority and task sequence compression. The duration scheduling strategy can be a critical path priority strategy, a parallel operation compression strategy, a resource preemption scheduling strategy, etc.

[0072] The real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the project schedule strategy. The real-time BIM scheduling model is a dynamically updated 3D digital twin based on the initial BIM construction model, containing a layered representation of the real-time location and status of resources. The real-time BIM scheduling model can include resource location layers, equipment status layers, and job occupancy layers, etc.

[0073] In this embodiment, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the project schedule scheduling strategy. Starting with critical path identification, a depth-first search is performed in the real-time BIM model based on process dependencies and resource occupancy status. Furthermore, the process sequence can be determined based on graph theory topological sorting, and resource conflict resolution is achieved using time window constraints.

[0074] After obtaining the target area display layer, target construction area, and target resource location, a scheduling instruction map is generated based on these elements. The scheduling instruction map can be a two-dimensional visual layer with arrows, color coding, and labels, transforming abstract scheduling results into readable and executable spatial instructions, thus improving the response efficiency of scheduling personnel.

[0075] If the scheduling attribute is efficiency, then an efficiency scheduling strategy is invoked. An efficiency scheduling strategy is a set of scheduling rules aimed at reducing resource movement costs and improving job parallelism, emphasizing shortest paths and space utilization. Efficient scheduling strategies can include minimum movement distance strategies, regional collaborative scheduling strategies, and strategies that minimize idling time, etc.

[0076] The real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed based on an efficiency scheduling strategy. Starting from the current location of the resource, the movement cost of each target point is calculated in the model, and the scheduling sequence with the lowest total cost is selected. Furthermore, the minimum movement path can be calculated based on Dijkstra's algorithm, and particle swarm optimization can be used to combine multi-target paths.

[0077] After obtaining the target area display layer, target construction area, and target resource location, a scheduling instruction map is generated based on these elements. The scheduling instruction map can be a two-dimensional visual layer with arrows, color coding, and labels, transforming abstract scheduling results into readable and executable spatial instructions, thus improving the response efficiency of scheduling personnel.

[0078] Taking the multi-objective scheduling switch of high-rise core tube construction as an example, when the scheduling terminal inputs the schedule attribute, the system retrieves the schedule scheduling strategy, traverses the BIM model to identify the core tube concrete pouring as the critical path, and forces the tower crane and pump truck to be prioritized to this area, reducing the waiting time for rebar binding; when switching to the efficiency attribute, the system retrieves the efficiency scheduling strategy, replans the material transportation path, and makes the rebar cage and formwork truck move in parallel along different channels to avoid cross congestion, generating corresponding indicator diagrams: the former is a red critical path arrow, and the latter is a green low-consumption movement trajectory.

[0079] This embodiment retrieves the corresponding target scheduling strategy based on scheduling attributes, traverses the real-time BIM scheduling model according to the target scheduling strategy, obtains the target area display layer, target construction area, and target resource location, and generates a scheduling instruction map based on the target area display layer, target construction area, and target resource location, which is then sent to the scheduling terminal. This achieves the ability to distinguish between target dimensions such as schedule and efficiency through scheduling attributes, activate the corresponding strategy engine, and perform semantic traversal in the real-time BIM scheduling model, enabling the same model to output differentiated optimal paths and resource allocations under different business requirements. This mechanism upgrades scheduling from static rule matching to dynamic target-driven intelligent reasoning, realizing a complete closed loop of target input—strategy matching—spatial search—visual output. This allows the system to adaptively adjust the scheduling logic according to actual site needs, achieving a dynamic balance between schedule compression and efficiency improvement without increasing equipment and manpower. It provides quantifiable, reusable, and interpretable multi-objective intelligent decision-making capabilities for complex construction scenarios.

[0080] In one embodiment, if the scheduling attribute is a project duration attribute, the project duration scheduling strategy is retrieved, and the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the project duration scheduling strategy to obtain the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location. A scheduling instruction map is generated based on the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location and sent to the scheduling terminal, including: Obtain resources of the same type as the resource in the target construction site as the first screening resources, as well as the planned usage time and quantity of each first screening resource. Arrange the first screening resources in order of planned usage time from morning to night to obtain the first screening sequence. The first-selection resource can be a construction resource of the same type as the resource in the scheduling request and whose planned usage information has been registered in the BIM model. This resource can be used as a candidate set for priority scheduling, ensuring that resource matching conforms to the construction sequence logic. It can be a selection of resource instances from the resource layers of the real-time BIM scheduling model that match the requested resource type and are bound to the planned usage time. This can include first-selection resources for steel reinforcement, formwork, tower cranes, etc. Filtering can also be based on resource type fields or by associating schedule data through BIM attribute tables.

[0081] The system receives the resource demand quantity input from the scheduling terminal, sequentially selects the first filtered resources in the first filtering sequence as the first target resources, and counts the first total resource quantity corresponding to all the first target resources until the first total resource quantity is greater than or equal to the resource demand quantity, at which point the selection of the first target resources stops. The resource requirement can be the minimum available quantity of a specific resource requested by the scheduler. It can be used as a termination threshold for resource selection to control the scale of scheduling combinations. It can be input by the scheduler or automatically calculated by the system based on the construction tasks.

[0082] Based on the first target resource, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed to obtain the area display layer where the first target resource is located as the target area display layer, the construction area where the first target resource is located in the target area display layer as the target construction area, and the resource image corresponding to the first target resource in the target construction area as the target image. The target area display layer can be a BIM 2D layer containing the spatial extent of the first target resource, which can be used to identify the work area where the resource is located, serving as a geographical reference for scheduling instructions. Alternatively, it can be a region layer extracted from the real-time BIM scheduling model to which the first target resource belongs, which may include the 5th layer rebar layer, the core tube formwork layer, the tower crane work area layer, etc.

[0083] The pixel values ​​of the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target image are updated according to the preset pixel values ​​to obtain the scheduling instruction map, which is then sent to the scheduling terminal. The scheduling instruction diagram can be a visually enhanced BIM layer output, which can be used to transmit resource scheduling instructions to the scheduling terminal. It can update the target area display layer, target construction area, and target image with color, brightness, or dynamic effects based on preset pixel rules, and can include highlighted scheduling diagrams, flashing resource diagrams, and border annotation diagrams.

[0084] This embodiment achieves the transformation of resource scheduling from inventory-oriented to time-oriented by constructing a first screening sequence based on planned usage time; it adopts a greedy minimum set selection mechanism to ensure that resource combinations are most compact in time and most accurate in quantity; it locates target areas, construction areas, and target images step by step based on the BIM model, completing a strong binding between scheduling instructions and spatial semantics; finally, through preset pixel-level visual enhancement, it transforms abstract scheduling results into highly recognizable visual indicators, enabling schedulers to determine who was selected, where, and when, without parsing data. Under the constraints of the construction period, it achieves the accuracy, timeliness, and interpretability of resource scheduling, completely replacing manual experience-based extensive scheduling, and providing a calculable, verifiable, and traceable core decision-making mechanism for time-based intelligent construction.

[0085] In one embodiment, if the scheduling attribute is an efficiency attribute, an efficiency scheduling strategy is invoked, and the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the efficiency scheduling strategy to obtain the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location. A scheduling instruction map is generated based on the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource location and sent to the scheduling terminal, including: Obtain resources of the same type as the resource in the target construction site as the second screening resources, as well as the real-time location points and quantities of each second screening resource, obtain the center location point of the required construction area, and obtain the transportation distance between each second screening resource and the required construction area based on the real-time location points and the center location points. The second set of selected resources can be construction resources of the same type as those in the scheduling request and with real-time location information in the BIM model. These resources can serve as a candidate set for efficiency-first scheduling, ensuring that resource matching is primarily based on spatial proximity. The second set of selected resources can be resource instances with matching attributes selected from the real-time BIM scheduling model, and their current coordinates and available quantity extracted. The real-time location point can be the current two-dimensional spatial coordinates of the second set of selected resources in the BIM model, serving as the starting point for calculating transportation distance and supporting efficiency-oriented dynamic site selection decisions. The real-time location point can be updated in real-time by an IoT data acquisition terminal using a positioning algorithm and bound to the spatial layer of the resource tag. The center location point of the required construction area can be the geometric center coordinates of the target area indicated in the scheduling request, serving as the endpoint for calculating transportation distance and representing the optimal target location where the resource must be delivered. The center location point of the required construction area can be extracted from the BIM model based on the construction area identifier in the scheduling request, extracting the center coordinates of the area's boundary box. The transportation distance can be the Euclidean distance from the real-time location point of the second set of selected resources to the center location point of the required construction area, serving as a core indicator for measuring resource transportation costs and determining the scheduling priority. The transportation distance can be calculated based on the difference between two two-dimensional coordinates, with the unit being meters.

[0086] The second-selection resources are arranged in ascending order of transportation distance to obtain the second-selection sequence; In this embodiment, the second-selected resources are sorted in ascending order by transportation distance to form a resource priority queue from nearest to farthest. The second-selection sequence can also be a spatial priority ordering of resource scheduling, ensuring that the nearest resource is called first.

[0087] Select the second-selected resources in the second selection sequence as the second target resources in turn, and count the total number of second target resources corresponding to all second target resources until the total number of second target resources is greater than or equal to the resource demand. Then stop selecting the second target resources. In this embodiment, the quantity of the second resource is accumulated sequentially according to the sequence, and the selection terminates when the accumulated value reaches the target. The second target resource can be a specific resource instance selected sequentially from the second screening sequence to meet the scheduling requirements. It can constitute the minimum resource combination for optimal scheduling and directly determine the transportation path and visualization output. The second total resource quantity can be calculated by accumulating the second resource quantities corresponding to the selected second target resources. It can serve as a quantitative indicator for scheduling termination, ensuring that resource supply meets demand.

[0088] Based on the second target resource, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed to obtain the area display layer where the second target resource is located as the target area display layer, the construction area where the second target resource is located in the target area display layer as the target construction area, and the resource image corresponding to the second target resource in the target construction area as the target image. In this embodiment, the layer, area boundary, and associated image of the second target resource are located based on its coordinates. The target area display layer can be the area layer to which the second target resource belongs, extracted from the real-time BIM scheduling model. This layer can be used to identify the work area where the resource is located, serving as a geographical reference for scheduling instructions. The target construction area can be defined in the area display layer based on the coordinate boundaries of the second target resource. This can be used to accurately locate the resource's position within the layer and support the highlighting of the visualized area. The target image can be a pre-stored resource image bound to the second target resource, mapped to the layer according to its coordinate position. This can be used to provide an intuitive representation of the resource entity and enhance the readability of scheduling instructions.

[0089] The pixel values ​​of the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target image are updated according to the preset pixel values ​​to obtain the scheduling instruction map, which is then sent to the scheduling terminal. In this embodiment, the target area border is highlighted in green, a semi-transparent blue mask is overlaid on the target image, and arrow path indicators are added to the target construction area. The scheduling indicator diagram can update the target area display layer, target construction area, and target image with color, brightness, or dynamic effects based on preset pixel rules. It can be used to transform abstract scheduling results into perceptible visual signals, enabling human-machine collaborative decision-making.

[0090] This embodiment calculates transportation distances using real-time location points and a center point, constructing a second screening sequence based on spatial proximity. This upgrades resource scheduling from inventory proximity to physical proximity. A greedy minimum transportation cost coverage algorithm ensures the shortest total handling distance while meeting demand. BIM models accurately locate target areas, construction areas, and target images, enhancing visualization with green highlights and path arrows. This allows dispatchers to intuitively identify the nearest resources, how to transport them, and how much to transport, completely replacing manual, experience-based, extensive scheduling. This significantly reduces handling energy consumption, minimizes path conflicts, and improves turnover efficiency, providing a new intelligent scheduling mechanism for construction sites driven by spatial optimization and aimed at maximizing efficiency.

[0091] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention also proposes a storage medium storing a BIM and IoT-based dynamic scheduling program for construction site resources. When the BIM and IoT-based dynamic scheduling program for construction site resources is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the BIM and IoT-based dynamic scheduling method for construction site resources as described above.

[0092] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a dynamic resource scheduling system for construction sites based on BIM and the Internet of Things, the system comprising: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the steps of the BIM and IoT-based dynamic resource scheduling method for construction sites as described in any of the above-mentioned methods.

[0093] Other embodiments or specific implementations of the BIM and IoT-based construction site resource dynamic scheduling system described in this invention can be referred to the above-mentioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0094] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM and Internet of Things based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method, characterized in that, The method comprises an Internet of Things collection terminal located in each construction area, and a plurality of sets of area positioning tags located on both sides of the construction area, and the method comprises the following steps: generating an initial BIM construction model corresponding to a target construction site, and an area display layer corresponding to each construction area in the initial BIM construction model, and generating an initial scheduling model according to the initial BIM construction model and the area display layer; in response to a dynamic scheduling request of a scheduling end, receiving resource collection information of a corresponding construction area collected by the Internet of Things collection terminal and positioning collection information of the area positioning tags, determining a collection direction of the corresponding construction area according to the positioning collection information, performing position positioning on the resource collection information based on the collection direction, updating the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model; receiving a resource scheduling request of the scheduling end, calling a scheduling interface and sending the scheduling interface to the scheduling end, receiving scheduling information input by the scheduling end based on the scheduling interface, determining a resource type and a scheduling attribute corresponding to the resource type according to the scheduling information; calling a target scheduling strategy corresponding to the scheduling attribute, traversing the real-time BIM scheduling model according to the target scheduling strategy to obtain a target area display layer, a target construction area and a target resource position, and generating a scheduling instruction map according to the target area display layer, the target construction area and the target resource position and sending the scheduling instruction map to the scheduling end.

2. The BIM and Internet of Things based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method of claim 1, wherein, In response to a dynamic scheduling request of a scheduling end, receiving resource collection information of a corresponding construction area collected by the Internet of Things collection terminal and positioning collection information of the area positioning tags, determining a collection direction of the corresponding construction area according to the positioning collection information, performing position positioning on the resource collection information based on the collection direction, updating the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model, comprising: analyzing the positioning collection information to obtain a first collection time when the Internet of Things collection terminal collects the area positioning tags of the corresponding construction area; obtaining an area positioning tag before the first collection time as a starting positioning tag and an area positioning tag after the first collection time as a terminal positioning tag, and taking a direction from the starting positioning tag to the terminal positioning tag as a collection direction; analyzing the resource collection information to obtain a second collection time when the Internet of Things collection terminal collects a plurality of resource tags in the corresponding construction area, performing position positioning on each resource tag based on the second collection time and the collection direction, updating the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model.

3. The BIM and IoT based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method of claim 2, wherein, The position positioning on each resource tag based on the second collection time and the collection direction, and the updating of the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model to obtain a real-time BIM scheduling model, comprise: Obtaining the moving speed of the Internet of Things collection terminal, and obtaining the time difference between each resource label and the starting positioning label according to the second collection time corresponding to each resource label and the first collection time corresponding to the starting positioning label; Obtaining the collection distance corresponding to each resource label according to the product of the moving speed and the time difference, obtaining the construction axis corresponding to the corresponding area display layer, and determining the two end points of the construction axis as the collection starting point and the collection ending point respectively based on the collection direction; Determining the position point on the construction axis at a distance of the collection distance from the collection starting point as the resource positioning point corresponding to the corresponding resource label according to the collection direction with the collection starting point as the reference; Retrieving the resource image corresponding to each resource label, filling the corresponding resource image into the initial BIM construction model based on the resource positioning point, and obtaining the real-time BIM scheduling model.

4. The BIM and Internet of Things based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method of claim 3, wherein, The retrieval of the resource image corresponding to each resource label, the filling of the corresponding resource image into the initial BIM construction model based on the resource positioning point, and the obtaining of the real-time BIM scheduling model, comprising: Generating a resource positioning line perpendicular to the corresponding construction axis with the resource positioning point as the reference; Obtaining the image center point of the resource image, positioning the image center point based on the resource positioning line, filling the resource image into the corresponding area display layer in the initial BIM construction model, and aligning the bottom edge of the resource image with the corresponding construction axis to obtain the real-time BIM scheduling model.

5. The BIM and Internet of Things based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method of claim 4, wherein, After the position positioning of the resource collection information based on the collection direction, the updating of the area display layer of the initial BIM construction model, and the obtaining of the real-time BIM scheduling model, the method further comprises: If the Internet of Things collection terminal identifies a resource but does not identify a resource label, obtaining the identification time when the Internet of Things collection terminal identifies the corresponding resource, and determining the position point to be filled in the corresponding area display layer according to the identification time and the collection direction; Obtaining the resource image adjacent to the position point to be filled on both sides as a judgment image, and the target positioning point corresponding to the two judgment images, and obtaining the difference distance between the position point to be filled and the judgment image according to the position point to be filled and the target positioning point; Determining the filling image or the prompt image corresponding to the position point to be filled according to the difference distance and the resource information corresponding to the judgment image, filling the filling image or the prompt image into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled to obtain a filling BIM model, and sending the filling BIM model to the scheduling end.

6. The BIM and Internet of Things based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method of claim 5, wherein, The determination of the filling image or the prompt image corresponding to the position point to be filled according to the difference distance and the resource information corresponding to the judgment image, the filling of the filling image or the prompt image into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled to obtain a filling BIM model, and the sending of the filling BIM model to the scheduling end, comprising: If the distance difference of two of the determination images is less than the preset distance difference, resource information corresponding to the determination images is obtained, if the resource information of two of the determination images is consistent, the determination image is obtained as a filling image corresponding to the position point to be filled, and the filling image is filled into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled; If the distance difference of two of the determination images is greater than or equal to the preset distance difference, or the resource information of two of the determination images is inconsistent, a preset prompt image is called, and the prompt image is filled into the corresponding area display layer according to the position point to be filled; The real-time BIM scheduling model is updated based on the filling image and / or the prompt image to obtain a filling BIM model, and the filling BIM model is sent to a scheduling end.

7. The BIM and Internet of Things based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method of claim 6, wherein, The corresponding target scheduling strategy is called according to the scheduling attribute, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the target scheduling strategy to obtain a target area display layer, a target construction area and a target resource position, and a scheduling instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area and the target resource position and sent to the scheduling end, including: If the scheduling attribute is a duration attribute, a duration scheduling strategy is called, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the duration scheduling strategy to obtain a target area display layer, a target construction area and a target resource position, and a scheduling instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area and the target resource position and sent to the scheduling end; If the scheduling attribute is an efficiency attribute, an efficiency scheduling strategy is called, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the efficiency scheduling strategy to obtain a target area display layer, a target construction area and a target resource position, and a scheduling instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area and the target resource position and sent to the scheduling end.

8. The BIM and Internet of Things based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method of claim 7, wherein, If the scheduling attribute is a duration attribute, a duration scheduling strategy is called, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the duration scheduling strategy to obtain a target area display layer, a target construction area and a target resource position, and a scheduling instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area and the target resource position and sent to the scheduling end, including: A resource in the target construction site that is the same as the resource type is obtained as a first filtered resource, and a planned use time and a first resource quantity of each first filtered resource are obtained, and the first filtered resources are arranged in order from early to late according to the planned use time to obtain a first filtered sequence; A resource quantity required by the scheduling end is received, first filtered resources in the first filtered sequence are selected as first target resources in turn, and a first total resource quantity corresponding to all first target resources is counted, and the selection of the first target resources is stopped when the first total resource quantity is greater than or equal to the resource quantity required. The first target resource is located in a target area display layer, a target construction area in the target area display layer, and a target image corresponding to the first target resource in the target construction area are obtained by traversing the real-time BIM scheduling model based on the first target resource. The pixel values of the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target image are updated according to preset pixel values, and a scheduling instruction map is obtained and sent to a scheduling terminal.

9. The BIM and IoT based construction site resource dynamic scheduling method of claim 8, wherein, If the scheduling attribute is an efficiency attribute, an efficiency scheduling strategy is called, the real-time BIM scheduling model is traversed according to the efficiency scheduling strategy, a target area display layer, a target construction area, and a target resource position are obtained, and a scheduling instruction map is generated according to the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target resource position and sent to a scheduling terminal. The second filtering resources are arranged in a second filtering sequence according to the transport distances from small to large. The second target resources in the second filtering sequence are selected one by one as second target resources, and a second total resource quantity corresponding to all the second target resources is counted until the second total resource quantity is greater than or equal to the resource quantity required. The first target resource is located in a target area display layer, a target construction area in the target area display layer, and a target image corresponding to the first target resource in the target construction area are obtained by traversing the real-time BIM scheduling model based on the first target resource. The pixel values of the target area display layer, the target construction area, and the target image are updated according to preset pixel values, and a scheduling instruction map is obtained and sent to a scheduling terminal. The system comprises:

10. A BIM and Internet of Things based construction site resource dynamic scheduling system, characterized in that, a processor; a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the steps of the construction site resource dynamic scheduling method based on BIM and Internet of Things according to any one of claims 1-9. ​

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