Cold start method and device of fuel cell stack, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold start method and device of a fuel cell stack, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: in response to a starting instruction for a fuel cell stack, obtaining a temperature parameter of an environment where the fuel cell stack is located; determining a target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter; and controlling the fuel cell stack to execute a cold start action based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy. According to the invention, the technical problems of high energy consumption and low starting success rate of cold starting of the fuel cell stack in the prior art are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy, in particular to a cold start method and device of a fuel cell stack, an electronic device and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a low temperature environment, the cold start of a fuel cell stack faces great technical challenges. In the related art, the cold start method of the fuel cell stack usually uses external heating preheating or reaction heat to warm up, which has the technical problems of low heating efficiency, high energy consumption and increased risk of start failure. Specifically, the external heating method relies on auxiliary energy such as battery power, and the preheating time is long, and the heating efficiency decreases significantly and the energy consumption increases sharply under extreme low temperature conditions. The method of simply relying on fuel cell reaction heat to warm up is prone to start failure due to local icing at low temperature, and when there is more water in the cathode of the fuel cell stack, the water will block the gas transmission channel after icing, affecting the normal start of the fuel cell stack, that is, the energy consumption of the cold start of the fuel cell stack in the related art is high, and the success rate of start is low.

[0003] At present, no effective solution has been proposed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a cold start method and device of a fuel cell stack, an electronic device and a storage medium to at least solve the technical problems of high energy consumption and low success rate of start in the related art.

[0005] According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a cold start method of a fuel cell stack is provided, which comprises: in response to a start instruction for the fuel cell stack, acquiring a temperature parameter of an environment in which the fuel cell stack is located; determining a target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter; and controlling the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

[0006] In the embodiments of the present application, the target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter is determined, which comprises: in the case that the temperature parameter is less than a preset temperature threshold, switching the fuel cell stack to a cold start mode; and in response to the fuel cell stack being switched to the cold start mode, determining the target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter.

[0007] In the embodiment of the present application, the target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter is determined, comprising: obtaining a preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, wherein the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set contains at least one preset fuel cell cold start strategy, and different preset fuel cell cold start strategies correspond to different temperature intervals; determining a target temperature interval matched with the temperature parameter from at least one temperature interval; determining a preset fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the target temperature interval based on the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, to obtain the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

[0008] In the embodiment of the present application, the target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter is determined, comprising: obtaining a preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, wherein the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set contains at least one preset fuel cell cold start strategy, and different preset fuel cell cold start strategies correspond to different temperature intervals; determining a target temperature interval matched with the temperature parameter from at least one temperature interval; determining a preset fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the target temperature interval based on the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, to obtain the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

[0009] In the embodiment of the present application, the method further comprises: in the case that the target fuel cell cold start strategy is the first fuel cell cold start strategy, setting a target operating voltage parameter of the fuel cell stack and a target cooling liquid flow rate parameter of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation loop of the fuel cell stack; and controlling the fuel cell stack to perform the cold start action based on the electronic load in the constant voltage control mode, the target operating voltage parameter and the target cooling liquid flow rate parameter.

[0010] In the embodiment of the present application, the method further comprises: in the case that the target fuel cell cold start strategy is the second fuel cell cold start strategy, setting a target operating current density parameter of the fuel cell stack and a target cooling liquid supply mode parameter of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid circulation loop of the fuel cell stack; and controlling the fuel cell stack to perform the cold start action based on the electronic load in the constant current control mode, the target operating current density parameter and the target cooling liquid supply mode parameter.

[0011] In the embodiment of the present application, the electronic load based on the constant current control mode, the target operating current density parameter and the target coolant supply mode parameter are used to control the fuel cell stack to perform the cold start action, which comprises: based on the target coolant supply mode parameter, controlling the coolant in the coolant circulation loop to flow intermittently; based on the electronic load based on the constant current control mode and the target operating current density parameter, controlling the fuel cell stack to perform the cold start action.

[0012] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a cold start device of a fuel cell stack is also provided, which comprises: an acquisition module configured to acquire a temperature parameter of an environment in which the fuel cell stack is located in response to a start instruction for the fuel cell stack; a determination module configured to determine a target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter; and a control module configured to control the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

[0013] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, an electronic device is also provided, which comprises: a memory storing an executable program; and a processor configured to run the program, wherein the program is configured to execute the method in the various embodiments of the present application when running.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a computer readable storage medium is also provided, which comprises a stored executable program, wherein the executable program is configured to control a device in which the computer readable storage medium is located to execute the method in the various embodiments of the present application when running.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is also provided, which comprises a computer program configured to implement the method in the various embodiments of the present application when executed by a processor.

[0016] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is also provided, which comprises a non-volatile computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the method in the various embodiments of the present application when executed by a processor.

[0017] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a computer program is also provided, which is configured to implement the method in the various embodiments of the present application when executed by a processor.

[0018] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, in response to a start-up command for the fuel cell stack, the temperature parameters of the environment in which the fuel cell stack is located are acquired; then, a target fuel cell cold start strategy matching the temperature parameters is determined; finally, based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy, the fuel cell stack is controlled to perform a cold start action. This application responds to the start-up command and acquires accurate temperature parameters, enabling real-time judgment of the ambient temperature of the fuel cell stack, providing real-time data support, enhancing the targeting and effectiveness of cold start control. By determining a matching target fuel cell cold start strategy based on the temperature parameters and intelligently controlling the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the selected target fuel cell cold start strategy, the cold start action of the fuel cell stack can be intelligently adjusted through real-time temperature parameter acquisition and cold start strategy matching. This helps ensure that the fuel cell stack can quickly complete cold starts under different low-temperature environments, while avoiding the risk of local overheating or freezing, thereby significantly improving the start-up success rate of the fuel cell stack and reducing energy consumption during the start-up process. This solves the technical problems of high energy consumption and low start-up success rate in related technologies for cold starts of fuel cell stacks. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a cold start method for a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cold start device for a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0024] According to one aspect of the present invention, a cold start method for a fuel cell stack is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a cold start method for a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S102: In response to the start command for the fuel cell stack, obtain the temperature parameters of the environment in which the fuel cell stack is located.

[0027] The aforementioned fuel cell stack refers to the battery stack assembly in a fuel cell vehicle or energy fuel cell system, which can be composed of multiple individual fuel cells connected in series. The working principle of a single fuel cell involves converting hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction using a catalyst, while simultaneously generating water and a small amount of heat. The design of a fuel cell stack aims to increase the total output power by increasing the number of individual cells. In low-temperature environments, residual moisture inside the fuel cell stack can freeze, hindering gas transport and affecting the stack's start-up performance and electrochemical reaction efficiency.

[0028] The aforementioned start-up command can refer to a signal issued when the user operates the vehicle or other fuel cell drive equipment, instructing the fuel cell stack to begin the cold start procedure. The start-up command can be triggered via the vehicle's ignition switch, the start button on the control panel, or a remote control signal. Upon receiving the start-up command, the fuel cell management system can automatically detect environmental conditions and the fuel cell stack status, and then execute the corresponding start-up strategy.

[0029] The aforementioned temperature parameters can refer to real-time temperature data of the fuel cell stack and its surrounding environment, including but not limited to the surface temperature of the fuel cell stack, the internal electrolyte temperature, the coolant temperature, and the external ambient temperature. In low-temperature environments, monitoring these temperature parameters ensures that appropriate preheating measures are taken to avoid damage to the fuel cell stack caused by direct startup under low-temperature conditions.

[0030] In one alternative embodiment, when the vehicle control system receives a user's start command, such as turning the key or pressing the start button, the fuel cell management system can respond promptly and initiate a series of monitoring procedures. Specifically, temperature parameters of the environment surrounding the fuel cell stack can be collected by sensors, including but not limited to the ambient air temperature and the real-time temperature inside and outside the fuel cell stack. Sensors can be deployed at key locations such as the fuel cell stack's air inlet, exhaust outlet, coolant circulation lines, and the vehicle's external environment to obtain comprehensive temperature parameters.

[0031] In the above process, by accurately measuring temperature parameters, it is easy to dynamically adjust the cold start strategy of the fuel cell stack, ensuring that the fuel cell stack can be started safely and effectively under different low temperature environments. It is possible to flexibly adjust the cold start strategy of the fuel cell stack according to different temperature parameters.

[0032] Step S104: Determine the target fuel cell cold start strategy that matches the temperature parameters.

[0033] The aforementioned target fuel cell cold start strategy refers to a suitable fuel cell cold start strategy determined based on detected temperature parameters. The target fuel cell cold start strategy aims to effectively overcome the adverse effects of low temperatures on fuel cell stack startup, ensuring that the fuel cell stack can quickly and safely transition from a cold state to a normal operating state, while minimizing damage to fuel cell stack performance and lifespan.

[0034] In one optional embodiment, after receiving a start-up command and acquiring temperature parameters, the fuel cell management system can determine a target fuel cell cold start strategy suitable for the current conditions based on the mapping relationship between temperature parameters and cold start strategies. The fuel cell management system can have a built-in set of cold start strategies, which can include various temperature scenarios ranging from slightly low temperatures to extremely low temperatures. Each cold start strategy can be improved and designed for a specific temperature range to ensure that the fuel cell stack reaches the operating temperature in a short time while maintaining the thermal and chemical balance inside the fuel cell stack.

[0035] In the above process, under low temperature conditions, selecting a suitable cold start strategy for the target fuel cell can significantly reduce the start-up time of the fuel cell stack, improve the start-up response speed of the fuel cell stack, avoid thermal shocks to the fuel cell stack during the start-up process, reduce drastic changes in electrochemical reaction conditions, and thus extend the service life of the fuel cell stack and reduce maintenance costs.

[0036] Step S106: Based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy, control the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action.

[0037] The aforementioned cold start action can refer to a series of start-up operations performed on the fuel cell stack under low temperature conditions. When the ambient temperature is low, performing the cold start action can overcome adverse factors such as internal icing of the fuel cell stack, increased electrolyte viscosity, and decreased chemical reaction rate, enabling the fuel cell stack to quickly reach normal operating temperature and restore its electrochemical reaction efficiency and gas transmission capacity.

[0038] In one optional embodiment, after determining the target fuel cell cold start strategy, the fuel cell stack management system can precisely control the fuel cell stack and related subsystems to perform a series of cold start actions based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy. The execution sequence and parameter settings of the cold start actions can follow the requirements of the target fuel cell cold start strategy to achieve better start-up results.

[0039] In the aforementioned process, the preheating strategy, reaction condition control, and cooling management based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy can significantly shorten the time it takes for the fuel cell stack to reach normal operating temperature from a low-temperature state, thus improving the vehicle's start-up performance in low-temperature environments. Through adaptive strategy adjustments, localized overheating and electrochemical anomalies in the fuel cell stack can be avoided, ensuring the safety of the fuel cell stack cold start process and the healthy operation of the fuel cell stack.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, in response to a start-up command for the fuel cell stack, the temperature parameters of the environment in which the fuel cell stack is located are acquired; then, a target fuel cell cold start strategy matching the temperature parameters is determined; finally, based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy, the fuel cell stack is controlled to perform a cold start action. This application responds to the start-up command and acquires accurate temperature parameters, enabling real-time judgment of the ambient temperature of the fuel cell stack, providing real-time data support, enhancing the targeting and effectiveness of cold start control. By determining a matching target fuel cell cold start strategy based on the temperature parameters and intelligently controlling the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the selected target fuel cell cold start strategy, the cold start action of the fuel cell stack can be intelligently adjusted through real-time temperature parameter acquisition and cold start strategy matching. This helps ensure that the fuel cell stack can quickly complete cold starts under different low-temperature environments, while avoiding the risk of local overheating or freezing, thereby significantly improving the start-up success rate of the fuel cell stack and reducing energy consumption during the start-up process. This solves the technical problems of high energy consumption and low start-up success rate in related technologies for cold starts of fuel cell stacks.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, determining a target fuel cell cold start strategy that matches the temperature parameters includes: switching the fuel cell stack to a cold start mode when the temperature parameters are less than a preset temperature threshold; and determining a target fuel cell cold start strategy that matches the temperature parameters in response to the fuel cell stack switching to the cold start mode.

[0042] The aforementioned preset temperature threshold refers to a temperature limit pre-set in the cold start control program of the fuel cell stack, used to determine whether the ambient temperature of the fuel cell stack has reached the condition requiring cold start measures. The preset temperature threshold can be set based on the characteristics of the fuel cell stack materials, the optimal temperature range of the electrochemical reaction, and considerations for the safety of the fuel cell system. For example, for some fuel cell stack designs, the preset temperature threshold can be set below 0°C to ensure that the cold start mode can be activated under icing conditions.

[0043] In one optional embodiment, during the startup process of a vehicle or other fuel cell drive device, the fuel cell management system can detect the ambient temperature and obtain accurate temperature parameters through a temperature sensor. When the detected temperature parameter is lower than a preset temperature threshold, the fuel cell management system can automatically switch the fuel cell stack to cold start mode.

[0044] In the above process, by setting a reasonable preset temperature threshold, the fuel cell management system can automatically identify low-temperature environments and take corresponding cold start strategies, thereby enhancing the adaptability and reliability of the fuel cell system under a wide range of temperature conditions.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, determining a target fuel cell cold start strategy that matches the temperature parameters includes: obtaining a preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, wherein the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set includes at least one preset fuel cell cold start strategy, and different preset fuel cell cold start strategies correspond to different temperature ranges; determining a target temperature range that matches the temperature parameters from at least one temperature range; and determining a preset fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the target temperature range based on the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, thereby obtaining the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

[0046] The aforementioned set of preset fuel cell cold start strategies refers to a collection of pre-prepared cold start strategies within the fuel cell management system. These preset fuel cell cold start strategies can address the startup requirements of fuel cell stacks in different temperature ranges. Each preset fuel cell cold start strategy can specify in detail the specific steps and parameter controls for starting the fuel cell stack under specific low-temperature conditions, which may include, but are not limited to, the flow rate and pressure of reactant gases, the flow rate and circulation mode of coolant, the control mode of electronic loads, and the setting of voltage and current density of the fuel cell stack.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, the fuel cell management system can automatically read the current ambient temperature parameters when the vehicle starts. When the detected temperature parameter is lower than a preset temperature threshold, a strategy suitable for the current temperature parameter can be selected from a preset fuel cell cold start strategy set to cope with low-temperature start-up conditions. Specifically, the fuel cell management system can read the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set from memory or storage device. The preset fuel cell cold start strategy set may contain preset fuel cell cold start strategies for different temperature ranges. Based on the real-time detected temperature parameter, the temperature parameter can be compared with at least one temperature range to determine which temperature range the current temperature parameter belongs to, thus obtaining the target temperature range. After identifying the target temperature range that matches the temperature parameter, the preset fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the target temperature range can be extracted from the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, i.e., the target fuel cell cold start strategy is determined. The target fuel cell cold start strategy includes all control parameters and action procedures required to start the fuel cell stack under the temperature parameter conditions, ensuring that the fuel cell stack can start according to the predetermined and improved scheme.

[0048] In the aforementioned process, the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set can include multiple temperature ranges from slightly low to extremely low temperatures, ensuring that the fuel cell stack can start within a wide range of low temperatures, thus enhancing the adaptability and reliability of fuel cell vehicles under different environmental conditions. The preset fuel cell cold start strategy set considers the changes in the properties of fuel cell stack materials at low temperatures, avoiding excessive load during startup, preventing abnormal electrochemical reactions or localized overheating, thereby extending the service life of the fuel cell stack and reducing maintenance costs.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, based on a preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, a preset fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to a target temperature range is determined to obtain a target fuel cell cold start strategy. This includes: when the target temperature range is a first temperature range, determining a first fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the first temperature range from the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set to obtain the target fuel cell cold start strategy, wherein the first fuel cell cold start strategy represents a strategy for performing fuel cell cold start operation on the fuel cell stack based on an electronic load in a constant voltage control mode; when the target temperature range is a second temperature range, determining a second fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the second temperature range from the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, wherein the temperature range corresponding to the second temperature range is lower than the temperature range corresponding to the first temperature range, and the second fuel cell cold start strategy represents a strategy for performing fuel cell cold start operation on the fuel cell stack based on an electronic load in a constant current control mode.

[0050] The aforementioned first fuel cell cold start strategy refers to an operational scheme used to ensure the safe and rapid start-up of the fuel cell stack when the ambient temperature is within a specific range. This strategy relies on a constant voltage control mode, precisely controlling the output voltage and electronic load of the fuel cell stack to promote uniform electrochemical reactions. Simultaneously, appropriate coolant circulation and adjustments to the flow rate and pressure of reactant gases are employed to rapidly heat the fuel cell stack. This allows the fuel cell stack to reach its normal operating temperature as quickly as possible in a relatively mild, low-temperature environment, preventing conditions such as icing.

[0051] The aforementioned constant voltage control mode refers to fixing the output voltage of the fuel cell stack at a preset value through an electronic load during the cold start process, thereby controlling the electrochemical reaction rate and heat generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack. In the first fuel cell cold start strategy, setting a higher voltage threshold allows the fuel cell stack to generate as much electrical energy and heat as possible under low-temperature conditions, accelerating the heating process of the fuel cell stack, while avoiding local overheating or electrochemical reaction instability caused by excessive current.

[0052] The aforementioned second fuel cell cold start strategy refers to a start-up scheme designed for extreme low-temperature conditions with even lower ambient temperatures. Compared to milder low-temperature environments, starting a fuel cell stack under extreme low temperatures presents greater challenges, including internal water freezing and reduced electrolyte fluidity. The second fuel cell cold start strategy employs a constant current control mode, gradually increasing the current density of the fuel cell stack to accelerate heat generation while simultaneously pausing coolant circulation to reduce heat loss. This ensures the fuel cell stack can start safely under extreme low temperatures, avoiding localized overheating and damage to the fuel cell stack.

[0053] The aforementioned constant current control mode refers to a control method that maintains a constant output current of the fuel cell stack during cold start-up. This is achieved by regulating the current of the fuel cell stack through an electronic load, ensuring the electrochemical reaction proceeds stably at a preset current density. In the second fuel cell cold start strategy, the fuel cell management system can place the fuel cell stack in a zero-current state until the open-circuit voltage recovers, and then slowly increase the current density to a lower value to avoid abnormal electrochemical reactions caused by low temperatures.

[0054] In one optional embodiment, when the vehicle is started, the fuel cell management system can promptly detect the current ambient temperature parameters and determine whether the temperature parameters belong to a first temperature range or a second temperature range, etc. If the current temperature parameters are in a milder, lower temperature range, i.e., the first temperature range.

[0055] A first fuel cell cold start strategy can be selected from a set of preset fuel cell cold start strategies as the target fuel cell cold start strategy. This first strategy, operating under constant voltage control, adjusts parameters such as the fuel cell stack's output voltage, coolant flow rate, and reactant gas flow rate and pressure to ensure the fuel cell stack heats up rapidly and uniformly to its operating temperature. For example, the fuel cell management system can set the fuel cell stack output voltage to a higher value, prompting the electronic load to absorb more current, thereby accelerating the electrochemical reaction and heat generation process. Simultaneously, by improving coolant flow rate and gas supply, it ensures a uniform temperature rise within the fuel cell stack, preventing localized overheating. If the current ambient temperature parameters are within a second temperature range, the fuel cell management system can select a second fuel cell cold start strategy from the set of preset strategies. Under the second strategy, the fuel cell management system can intermittently pause coolant circulation to reduce heat loss, then enter a constant current control mode, gradually increasing the current density of the fuel cell stack until it begins to effectively generate heat and the temperature gradually rises. As the fuel cell stack temperature increases, the current density and coolant flow rate can be adjusted as needed to ensure safe and efficient startup of the fuel cell stack, preventing localized overheating and electrochemical anomalies.

[0056] In the above process, automatically selecting an appropriate cold start strategy based on ambient temperature parameters ensures that the fuel cell stack can start rapidly under different low-temperature conditions, shortening start-up time and improving vehicle availability in cold weather. The selection of constant voltage and constant current control modes, based on the characteristics of fuel cell stack materials at different temperatures, effectively avoids mechanical and electrochemical damage during startup, thereby extending the lifespan of the fuel cell stack and reducing maintenance costs.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, the method further includes: when the target fuel cell cold start strategy is the first fuel cell cold start strategy, setting the target operating voltage parameter of the fuel cell stack and the target coolant flow rate parameter of the coolant in the coolant circulation loop of the fuel cell stack; and controlling the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the electronic load of the constant voltage control mode, the target operating voltage parameter and the target coolant flow rate parameter.

[0058] The aforementioned target operating voltage parameter refers to the pre-set target operating voltage value of the fuel cell stack during the startup process, designed to ensure rapid and safe startup of the fuel cell stack in a low-temperature environment when implementing the first fuel cell cold start strategy. In constant voltage control mode, the output voltage of the fuel cell stack can be fixed near the target operating voltage parameter via an electronic load. This ensures that the fuel cell stack generates sufficient heat for rapid warm-up under low-temperature conditions, while avoiding electrochemical instability or localized overheating caused by excessively high voltage. This achieves efficient startup while protecting the fuel cell stack materials.

[0059] The aforementioned target coolant flow rate parameter refers to the coolant flow rate in the coolant circulation loop specified in the first fuel cell cold start strategy. This aims to effectively control the temperature distribution and heat loss of the fuel cell stack during cold start by adjusting the amount of coolant flowing through it. In the initial stage of low-temperature start-up, the coolant flow rate can be set to a lower value to reduce heat loss during the fuel cell stack's heat generation process and accelerate the overall temperature rise of the fuel cell stack. As the fuel cell stack temperature gradually increases, the target coolant flow rate parameter can be adjusted to a higher value in a timely manner to help the fuel cell stack better manage and control its internal temperature, avoid localized overheating, and ensure that the fuel cell stack can safely and smoothly enter normal operating condition.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, after determining the target fuel cell cold start strategy as the first fuel cell cold start strategy, the fuel cell management system can set the target operating voltage parameter and the target coolant flow rate parameter of the fuel cell stack. The specific values ​​can be adjusted according to the specific design of the fuel cell stack and real-time environmental conditions. Then, the fuel cell management system can control the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start operation based on the electronic load, target operating voltage parameter, and target coolant flow rate parameter in constant voltage control mode. In constant voltage control mode, the electronic load can be set to absorb the voltage output by the fuel cell stack, which can be maintained near the target operating voltage parameter. In the initial stage of fuel cell stack startup, the output voltage of the fuel cell stack can be maintained at a low value to avoid abnormal electrochemical reactions caused by excessively low temperatures. As the temperature of the fuel cell stack increases, the output voltage of the fuel cell stack gradually approaches the target operating voltage parameter. At this time, the electrochemical reaction rate and heat generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack will significantly increase, accelerating the overall temperature rise of the fuel cell stack. Simultaneously, the fuel cell management system can control the coolant circulation loop to match the target coolant flow rate parameter. In the initial stage of startup, to reduce heat loss, the coolant flow rate can be set to a low value, which helps the fuel cell stack quickly accumulate sufficient heat. As the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises, the target coolant flow rate parameter will be adjusted to a higher value to avoid local overheating, so that the coolant can more effectively remove excess heat and ensure the uniformity and stability of the temperature distribution inside the fuel cell stack.

[0061] In the above process, by setting target operating voltage parameters and target coolant flow rate parameters, the temperature and heat loss of the fuel cell stack during cold start-up can be precisely controlled, ensuring that the fuel cell stack can reach normal operating temperature in a short time, while avoiding local overheating or icing. The selection of the target operating voltage parameter avoids drastic changes in electrochemical reaction conditions, while the adjustment of the target coolant flow rate parameter reduces thermal shock during the initial start-up phase. Using target operating voltage and target coolant flow rate parameters not only accelerates the start-up process but also significantly enhances the protection of the fuel cell stack and extends its service life.

[0062] In this embodiment of the invention, the method further includes: when the target fuel cell cold start strategy is the second fuel cell cold start strategy, setting the target operating current density parameter of the fuel cell stack and the target coolant supply method parameter of the coolant in the coolant circulation loop of the fuel cell stack; and controlling the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the electronic load of the constant current control mode, the target operating current density parameter and the target coolant supply method parameter.

[0063] The aforementioned target operating current density parameter refers to the expected value of the current density during the electrochemical reaction process, preset to ensure safe and efficient startup of the fuel cell stack under extreme low-temperature conditions when implementing the second fuel cell cold-start strategy. Setting a suitable target operating current density during the cold-start phase ensures that the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack in the low-temperature environment is neither too intense, leading to localized overheating, nor too slow, thus affecting startup efficiency. As the fuel cell stack temperature gradually increases, the target operating current density parameter can be adjusted to a higher value to meet the high-efficiency operation requirements of the fuel cell stack at higher temperatures.

[0064] The aforementioned target coolant supply parameters define the specific mode of coolant supply in the coolant circulation loop when the second cold-start strategy is adopted. At extremely low temperatures, the heat generated during the initial cold start of the fuel cell stack is primarily produced through electrochemical reactions. To maximize this heat generation effect, coolant circulation can be temporarily stopped at certain stages to minimize heat loss. As the fuel cell stack temperature rises, to avoid localized overheating and damage, coolant circulation can be resumed in a timely manner, employing an intermittent supply mode. For example, coolant circulation can be briefly activated when the fuel cell stack reaches a certain temperature and shut off when the temperature drops again. This parameter setting allows for flexible adaptation to the needs of the fuel cell stack at different temperature stages, ensuring rapid cold start while maintaining the safety and healthy operating condition of the fuel cell stack.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, when the ambient temperature is low and a second fuel cell cold start strategy is determined, the fuel cell management system can set the target operating current density parameter of the fuel cell stack according to the second fuel cell cold start strategy. For example, in the initial stage of cold start, the target operating current density can be set lower to start the electrochemical reaction process at a gentle rate, preventing local overheating of the fuel cell stack due to a sudden increase in current density. As the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises to a certain value, the target operating current density parameter can be adjusted to a higher level to accelerate the overall heating rate of the fuel cell stack until the fuel cell stack reaches its normal operating temperature. Simultaneously, the coolant circulation system can be controlled according to the target coolant supply method parameter. In the initial stage of start-up, the flow of coolant can be paused or limited to a low flow rate so that the fuel cell stack can quickly accumulate heat and avoid premature heat loss. As the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises, when a preset safety threshold is reached, the coolant flow can be started in an intermittent supply mode to remove excess heat in a timely manner, preventing excessively high local temperatures while preserving the heat generation capacity of the fuel cell stack to a greater extent, thus promoting a smooth cold start process.

[0066] In the above process, by setting an appropriate current density at the initial stage of startup, the fuel cell stack can rapidly generate heat within a controllable range. Combined with limiting the flow of coolant, heat loss can be significantly reduced, accelerating the startup speed of the fuel cell stack under extreme low-temperature conditions. The gradual adjustment of current density and timely control of coolant supply in the second cold-start strategy effectively avoids localized overheating and electrochemical anomalies in the fuel cell stack during cold startup, ensuring the stability of the fuel cell stack materials and the safety of the entire fuel cell system.

[0067] In this embodiment of the invention, the fuel cell stack is controlled to perform a cold start action based on the electronic load of the constant current control mode, the target operating current density parameter, and the target coolant supply method parameter. This includes: controlling the coolant in the coolant circulation loop to flow intermittently based on the target coolant supply method parameter; and controlling the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the electronic load of the constant current control mode and the target operating current density parameter.

[0068] In an optional embodiment, in the second fuel cell cold start strategy, the coolant flow pattern in the fuel cell stack coolant circulation loop can be set based on the target coolant supply method parameters. Intermittent coolant flow can be used during the initial to mid-stages of the fuel cell stack cold start to reduce heat loss and accelerate the overall temperature rise of the fuel cell stack. Specifically, when the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack is low during the cold start phase, the coolant circulation can be paused or significantly reduced according to the target coolant supply method parameters, allowing the fuel cell stack to heat up rapidly under the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction. As the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises, when the hydrogen outlet temperature is detected to reach a preset first gas temperature threshold, the coolant circulation can be briefly activated, supplying coolant at the target coolant flow rate to help remove excess heat, prevent the fuel cell stack from overheating, and ensure that the electrochemical reaction proceeds within a safe temperature range. This process can be repeated multiple times until the fuel cell stack coolant inlet temperature reaches a preset second coolant temperature threshold. At this point, the fuel cell stack has initially reached its operating temperature and can safely proceed to the next startup operation. In the second cold-start strategy, the electrochemical reaction rate and heat generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack during cold start can be finely managed based on the electronic load and target operating current density parameters in constant current control mode. In constant current control mode, the electronic load absorbs a constant current output from the fuel cell stack, the value of which can be determined by the target operating current density parameter. For extreme low-temperature environments, the target operating current density parameter is set to a lower value in the initial stage of cold start to initiate the electrochemical reaction at a gentle rate, avoiding local overheating or electrochemical anomalies caused by overly vigorous reactions. As the temperature of the fuel cell stack gradually increases, the target operating current density parameter can be gradually increased until it reaches a certain high value to accelerate the electrochemical reaction and heat generation process, ensuring that the fuel cell stack can quickly reach its normal operating temperature. During this process, the single-cell voltage and other key indicators of the fuel cell stack can be continuously monitored, and the current density can be adjusted in a timely manner to balance heat generation efficiency and fuel cell stack safety.

[0069] In the above process, by restricting the flow of coolant during the initial cold start, rapid heat loss is reduced, allowing the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction to be used more effectively for preheating the fuel cell stack, significantly shortening the cold start time. The intermittent coolant supply method, combined with monitoring of the target operating current density parameter, effectively prevents overheating of the fuel cell stack, ensuring the safety of the start-up process. Simultaneously, timely cooling maintains the uniformity and stability of the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack, avoiding electrochemical performance degradation caused by uneven temperature distribution.

[0070] The technical solution proposed in this application is described below with reference to an optional embodiment. This application provides a cold start method and apparatus for a vehicle fuel cell stack to improve the heating rate of the fuel cell stack during the cold start process, shorten the cold start time of the fuel cell stack, improve the applicability of the fuel cell stack method, and enhance the user's winter driving experience. This application provides a cold start method and apparatus for a vehicle fuel cell stack, including the following steps: obtaining the actual temperature information of the environment in which the fuel cell stack is located; when the actual temperature is less than a preset low temperature threshold, controlling the fuel cell stack to enter a low temperature start mode, matching the low temperature range corresponding to the actual temperature; determining the corresponding target fuel cell low temperature start strategy according to the low temperature range, and controlling the low temperature start of the vehicle's fuel cell according to the target fuel cell low temperature start strategy. Through the above technical means, the embodiment of this application can match the low temperature range corresponding to the actual temperature when the actual temperature is less than a preset performance threshold, so as to determine the corresponding target fuel cell stack cold start method according to the low temperature range, thereby controlling the low temperature start of the fuel cell stack, meeting the cold start requirements of various low temperature ranges, and improving the applicability of the cold start method.

[0071] This application provides a method for determining a target fuel cell cold start based on an actual temperature range, including: determining which preset low-temperature range the actual temperature falls within; if the actual temperature is within a first preset low-temperature range, then using a first fuel cell cold start method to match the target fuel cell; if the actual temperature is within a second preset low-temperature range, then using a second fuel cell cold start method to match the target fuel cell. Through the above technical means, this application improves the applicability of the fuel cell cold start method by determining the target fuel cell cold start method based on a low-temperature range, meeting the cold start requirements of various low-temperature ranges.

[0072] This application describes a first fuel cell cold start method for ambient temperatures ranging from -20°C to 0°C. The steps of the first fuel cell cold start method are as follows: The first coolant circulation loop is opened, and after a period of time, dry hydrogen and dry air are supplied to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell, respectively, for a period of time. Once the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell is higher than a first voltage threshold, the electronic load is set to a constant voltage control mode, a current density upper limit is set, and the electronic load is started. The fuel cell voltage is gradually reduced to a second voltage threshold. If the lower limit of the single-cell voltage of the fuel cell is lower than a third voltage threshold, the fuel cell voltage is gradually increased to a fourth voltage threshold, and the coolant flow rate of the first circulation loop is reduced. When the fuel cell current density exceeds the first current density threshold, the flow rate and pressure of the dry reactants in the fuel cell are increased, and the coolant flow rate of the first circulation loop is increased. When the inlet temperature of the fuel cell coolant is higher than the first coolant temperature threshold, the coolant is switched to a large circulation loop to execute the normal operation procedure.

[0073] Optionally, the coolant flow rate can be 0.02~0.03 L / min / cell, and any value within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the reactant is introduced 30~60 s after the coolant is introduced; Optionally, the flow rates of the dry hydrogen and dry air are the flow rates corresponding to 0.8~1.2 A / cm2; Optionally, the inlet pressure of the dry hydrogen is 30~50 kPa, and the inlet pressure of the dry air is 20~40 kPa; Optionally, the time for introducing the dry reactant is 15~45 s, preferably 30 s, and any value within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the first voltage threshold... The voltage is 0.95~1.0V / cell, preferably 0.95V / cell; values ​​not listed within this range also apply; optionally, the upper limit of the current density is 2~2.5A / cm², preferably 2.25A / cm², and values ​​not listed within this range also apply; optionally, the voltage descent rate is 0.05~0.15V / cell / s, preferably 0.1V / cell / s, and values ​​not listed within this range also apply; optionally, the second voltage threshold is 0.15~0.25V / cell, preferably 0.2V / cell. Values ​​not listed within this range also apply; optionally, the third voltage threshold is 0.05~0.1V / cell, preferably 0.2V / cell, and values ​​not listed within this range also apply; optionally, the voltage increase rate is 0.05~0.1V / cell / s; optionally, the fourth voltage threshold is 0.25~0.3V / cell, preferably 0.3V / cell, and values ​​not listed within this range also apply; optionally, the coolant flow rate of the first circulation loop is 0.01~0.015L / min / cell; optionally, the first... The current density threshold is 0.7~0.8 A / cm2; optionally, the increased reactant flow rate is the reactant flow rate corresponding to an increase of 1.8~2.0 A / cm2; optionally, the increased reactant pressure is the inlet pressure of dry hydrogen at 150~170 kPa and the inlet pressure of dry air at 140~150 kPa; optionally, the coolant flow rate of the first circulation loop is increased to 0.025~0.035 L / min / cell; optionally, the first coolant temperature threshold is 15~25℃; optionally, the flow rate of the large coolant circulation is 0.2~0.3 L / min / cell.

[0074] This application describes a second fuel cell cold start method for ambient temperatures ranging from -20°C to -30°C. The steps of the second fuel cell cold start method are as follows: The first coolant circulation loop is opened, coolant is introduced for a period of time, then the coolant flow is stopped, and dry hydrogen and dry air are supplied to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell for a period of time, respectively. Once the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell is higher than a first voltage threshold, the electronic load is set to constant current control mode, a voltage upper limit is set, and the electronic load is started. The fuel cell current density is gradually increased to a first current density threshold. If the lower limit of the single-cell voltage of the fuel cell is lower than a second voltage threshold, the fuel cell current density is gradually decreased to a second current density threshold. When the hydrogen outlet temperature is higher than a first gas temperature threshold, the coolant flow is started for a period of time. Once the hydrogen outlet temperature is lower than the second gas temperature threshold, the coolant flow is stopped. The above steps are repeated several times. When the fuel cell coolant inlet temperature is higher than the second coolant temperature threshold, the reactant flow rate and pressure are increased, the fuel cell current density is gradually increased to a third current density threshold, and the coolant flow rate is increased. When the fuel cell coolant inlet temperature is higher than the first coolant temperature threshold, the coolant is switched to a large circulation loop to execute the normal operation procedure.

[0075] Optionally, the relative humidity of the high-humidity air is 80%~100%, and the relative humidity of the high-humidity hydrogen is 80%~100%, and any value within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the flow rate of the coolant is 0.05~0.1L / min / cell, preferably 0.1L / min / cell, and any value within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the flow time of the coolant is 60~90s, and any value within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the flow rates of the dry hydrogen and dry air are the flow rates corresponding to 0.8~1.2A / cm2; Optionally, the inlet pressure of the dry hydrogen is 40~50kPa, and the inlet pressure of the dry air is 30~40kPa. Optionally, the time for introducing the dry reactant is 30-45 s, and any value within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the first voltage threshold is 0.95-1.0 V / cell, preferably 0.95 V / cell; any value not listed within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the upper limit of the voltage is 1.0-1.05 V / cell; Optionally, the current ramp-up rate is 5-15 A / s, preferably 10 A / s, and any value not listed within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the first current density threshold is 0.25-0.4 A / cm², preferably 0.3 A / cm², and any value not listed within this range is also applicable; Optionally, the above... The second current density threshold is 0.15~0.25A / cm2, preferably 0.2A / cm2, and values ​​not listed within this range are also applicable; optionally, the second voltage threshold is 0.05~0.1V / cell, preferably 0.1V / cell, and values ​​not listed within this range are also applicable; optionally, the current descent rate is 2~5A / s; optionally, the first gas temperature threshold is 45~60℃; optionally, the coolant flow rate is 0.01~0.02L / min / cell; optionally, the coolant flow duration is 5~30s, the actual time depending on the gas outlet temperature change; optionally, the second gas temperature threshold... The value is -5~5℃, preferably 0℃, and values ​​not listed within this range also apply; optionally, the above steps are repeated 1~10 times, the actual number of repetitions depending on the change in the coolant inlet temperature; optionally, the second coolant temperature threshold is 0~5℃; optionally, the increased reactant flow rate is the reactant flow rate corresponding to an increase of 1.8~2.0 A / cm2; optionally, the increased reactant pressure is the inlet pressure of dry hydrogen at 150~170 kPa, and the inlet pressure of dry air at 140~150 kPa; optionally, the current ramp-up rate is 10 A / s; optionally, the first current density threshold is 0.9~1.2 A / cm2, preferably 1.0A / cm², and values ​​not listed within this range also apply; optionally, the coolant flow rate of the first circulation loop is increased to 0.025~0.035L / min / cell; optionally, the first coolant temperature threshold is 15~25℃; optionally, the flow rate of the large coolant circulation loop is 0.2~0.3L / min / cell.

[0076] The technical solution of this application will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. When the ambient temperature of the fuel cell is -10℃, a first fuel cell cold start method is matched. The steps of the first fuel cell cold start method are as follows: The first circulation loop of the coolant is opened, the coolant flow rate is set to 0.02 L / min / cell, and after the coolant is introduced for 45 seconds, dry hydrogen and dry air are supplied to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell respectively for 30 seconds at a flow rate corresponding to 1.0 A / cm². The inlet pressure of hydrogen is set to 50 kPa, and the inlet pressure of dry air is set to 40 kPa. After the fuel cell voltage is higher than 0.95V, the electronic load is set to constant voltage control mode, the upper limit of current density is set to 2.25 A / cm², and the electronic load is started. The fuel cell voltage is gradually reduced to 0.15V / cell at a voltage change rate of 0.1V / cell / s. If the lower limit of the single cell voltage of the fuel cell is... If the voltage is below 0.1V / cell, the fuel cell voltage is gradually increased to 0.2V / cell in increments of 0.1V / cell / s, and the coolant flow rate of the first circulation loop is reduced to 0.01L / min / cell. When the fuel cell current density exceeds 0.75A / cm2, the dry reactant flow rate of the fuel cell is increased to 2.0A / cm2, the hydrogen inlet pressure is set to 150kPa and the air inlet pressure to 130kPa, and the coolant flow rate of the first circulation loop is increased to 0.3L / min / cell. When the fuel cell coolant inlet temperature exceeds 20℃, the coolant is switched to the large circulation loop, the large circulation coolant flow rate is set to 0.2L / min / cell, and the normal operation procedure is executed.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first circulation loop is a small circulation loop with a shorter path and lower flow rate, which is beneficial for quickly heating the fuel cell stack to reach its operating temperature. The second circulation loop, or large circulation loop, involves a longer pipe path and a higher flow rate, which helps to better manage and control the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, preventing overheating. It is suitable for situations where the fuel cell stack has reached its operating temperature and requires continuous heat dissipation. This embodiment is based on the fuel cell stack cold start principle formula: Qheat generation > Qheat dissipation + CpΔT, and improves the cold start strategy by reducing the operating voltage to increase the self-heat generation of the fuel cell stack and reduce the heat loss from the coolant. It can be understood that this embodiment sets a first low temperature range value according to actual needs. When the ambient temperature is within the first low temperature range value, the target cold start strategy for the fuel cell is obtained, including increasing the target operating voltage for heat generation of the fuel cell stack and reducing the target coolant flow rate for heat dissipation. By reasonably setting the target operating voltage and the target coolant flow rate, a faster and more effective cold start can be achieved without sacrificing the lifespan of the fuel cell stack.

[0078] This application describes a second fuel cell cold start method based on an ambient temperature of -30°C. The steps of the second fuel cell cold start method are as follows: The first coolant circulation loop is opened, and the coolant flow rate is set to 0.1 L / min / cell. Coolant flow is stopped after 60 seconds. Dry hydrogen and dry air are supplied to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell respectively at a flow rate of 1.0 A / cm² for 30 seconds. The inlet pressure of hydrogen is set to 50 kPa, and the inlet pressure of dry air is set to 40 kPa. After the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell is higher than 0.95 V, the electronic load is set to constant current control mode, with an upper voltage limit of 1.05 V / cell, and the electronic load is started. The fuel cell current density is gradually increased to 0.3 A / cm² at a rate of 10 A / s. If the lower limit of the single-cell voltage of the fuel cell is lower than 0.1 V / s, the current density is gradually decreased at a rate of 5 A / s. The small fuel cell current density is set to 0.2 A / cm². When the hydrogen outlet temperature exceeds 50°C, the first coolant circulation loop is opened, and coolant is supplied at a flow rate of 0.015 L / min / cell. When the hydrogen outlet temperature drops below 0°C, the coolant flow is stopped. The above steps are repeated 6 times. When the fuel cell coolant inlet temperature exceeds 20°C, the reactant flow rate is increased to the flow rate corresponding to 1.8 A / cm². The hydrogen inlet pressure is set to 170 kPa and the air inlet pressure to 150 kPa. The fuel cell current density is gradually increased to 1 A / cm² at a rate of 10 A / s, and then the coolant flow rate is increased to 0.03 L / min / cell. When the fuel cell coolant inlet temperature exceeds 20°C, the coolant is switched to the large circulation loop to perform normal operation.

[0079] This embodiment is based on the cold start principle formula of fuel cell stack: Qheat generation > Qheat dissipation + CpΔT. It improves the cold start strategy by reducing the operating voltage to increase the self-heat generation of the fuel cell stack and reducing heat loss from the coolant. It is understood that this embodiment sets a second low-temperature range value according to actual needs. When the ambient temperature is within the first low-temperature range, the target cold start strategy for the fuel cell is obtained. This includes adjusting the target operating current density for heat generation from the fuel cell stack and the coolant supply method for heat dissipation. By reasonably setting the target operating current density and the intermittent co-supply method of the target coolant, a faster and more effective cold start can be achieved without sacrificing the lifespan of the fuel cell stack. The second cold start strategy aims to maximize the use of the heat generated by the fuel cell stack to increase the body temperature. It reduces heat dissipation by stopping the flow of coolant within the stack. Simultaneously, to avoid the fuel cell stack from overheating due to lack of circulating coolant, a threshold value is determined based on the air outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack, providing safety protection while reducing thermal shock. The load slope uses adaptive closed-loop logic control, effectively improving low-temperature start-up stability through lower single-chip control current. This achieves rapid self-start of the fuel cell stack under different ambient temperatures while ensuring the safe and healthy operation of the fuel cell stack.

[0080] According to another aspect of the present invention, a cold start device for a fuel cell stack is also provided. This device can execute the cold start method for a fuel cell stack described in the above embodiments. The specific implementation method and preferred application scenarios are the same as those described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cold start device for a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the device includes the following: an acquisition module 202, a determination module 204, and a control module 206.

[0082] The acquisition module 202 is used to acquire the temperature parameters of the environment in which the fuel cell stack is located in response to the start command for the fuel cell stack; the determination module 204 is used to determine the target fuel cell cold start strategy that matches the temperature parameters; and the control module 206 is used to control the fuel cell stack to perform cold start actions based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

[0083] The determination module is also used to switch the fuel cell stack to cold start mode when the temperature parameter is less than a preset temperature threshold; and to determine a target fuel cell cold start strategy that matches the temperature parameter in response to the fuel cell stack switching to cold start mode.

[0084] The determining module is further configured to acquire a preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, wherein the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set includes at least one preset fuel cell cold start strategy, and different preset fuel cell cold start strategies correspond to different temperature ranges; determine a target temperature range that matches the temperature parameters from at least one temperature range; and determine the preset fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the target temperature range based on the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, thereby obtaining the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

[0085] The determining module is further configured to, when the target temperature range is a first temperature range, determine a first fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the first temperature range from a preset set of fuel cell cold start strategies to obtain a target fuel cell cold start strategy, wherein the first fuel cell cold start strategy represents a strategy for performing fuel cell cold start operation on the fuel cell stack based on an electronic load in a constant voltage control mode; and when the target temperature range is a second temperature range, determine a second fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the second temperature range from a preset set of fuel cell cold start strategies, wherein the temperature range corresponding to the second temperature range is lower than the temperature range corresponding to the first temperature range, and the second fuel cell cold start strategy represents a strategy for performing fuel cell cold start operation on the fuel cell stack based on an electronic load in a constant current control mode.

[0086] The determining module is further used to set the target operating voltage parameters of the fuel cell stack and the target coolant flow rate parameters in the coolant circulation loop of the fuel cell stack when the target fuel cell cold start strategy is the first fuel cell cold start strategy; and to control the fuel cell stack to perform cold start actions based on the electronic load, target operating voltage parameters and target coolant flow rate parameters in constant voltage control mode.

[0087] The determining module is also used to set the target operating current density parameter of the fuel cell stack and the target coolant supply method parameter of the coolant in the coolant circulation loop of the fuel cell stack when the target fuel cell cold start strategy is the second fuel cell cold start strategy; and to control the fuel cell stack to perform cold start action based on the electronic load, target operating current density parameter and target coolant supply method parameter in constant current control mode.

[0088] The determination module is also used to control the intermittent flow of coolant in the coolant circulation loop based on the target coolant supply method parameters; and to control the fuel cell stack to perform cold start actions based on the electronic load in constant current control mode and the target operating current density parameters.

[0089] Embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including: a memory storing an executable program; and a processor for running the program, wherein the program executes the methods in various embodiments of the present invention during runtime.

[0090] The aforementioned memory can refer to devices inside a computer used to store data and programs, including RAM, hard disks, etc. RAM can be used to temporarily store running programs and data, while hard disks can be used to store programs and data long-term. Memory enables the computer to read and write data and execute programs. The aforementioned processor is responsible for executing instructions in computer programs and performing data processing. It can also be responsible for controlling and executing various operations, including arithmetic operations, logical operations, and data transmission.

[0091] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium including a stored executable program, wherein, when the executable program is running, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the methods of various embodiments of the present invention.

[0092] The aforementioned computer storage media can refer to the media used in computer memory to store certain discontinuous physical quantities. Computer storage media mainly include semiconductors, magnetic cores, magnetic drums, magnetic tapes, laser discs, etc. Computer-readable storage media include stored programs, which can be a set of instructions that a computer can recognize and execute, running on an electronic computer to meet certain information needs.

[0093] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of various embodiments of the present invention.

[0094] The aforementioned computer program products can refer to software programs that have been written, tested, and released, and can run on computers or other devices. Computer program products can include application programs, operating systems, utility software, etc., used to achieve specific functions or solve specific problems.

[0095] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods in various embodiments of the present invention.

[0096] The aforementioned non-volatile computer-readable storage medium can refer to a medium for storing data. Non-volatile computer-readable storage media can retain data without loss when power is off and can be used to store long-term data, such as operating systems, applications, and user files. Non-volatile storage media can include hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical disks, and flash memory storage devices, etc.

[0097] Embodiments of this application also provide a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0098] The aforementioned computer program can refer to a set of instructions used to tell the computer to perform specific tasks or operations. Computer programs can be written by programmers using specific programming languages ​​and can include algorithms, data structures, logic, and control flow. Computer programs can be used for a variety of purposes, including application software, operating systems, etc.

[0099] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0100] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0101] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0102] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0103] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0104] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cold start-up method of a fuel cell stack, characterized by, The method comprises: in response to a start instruction for a fuel cell stack, obtaining a temperature parameter of an environment in which the fuel cell stack is located; determining a target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter; controlling the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

2. The cold start-up method of a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized by, The method further comprises: in a case where the temperature parameter is less than a preset temperature threshold, switching the fuel cell stack to a cold start mode; in response to the fuel cell stack being switched to the cold start mode, determining the target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter.

3. The cold start-up method of a fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, The method further comprises: obtaining a preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, wherein the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set contains at least one preset fuel cell cold start strategy, and different preset fuel cell cold start strategies correspond to different temperature intervals; determining a target temperature interval matched with the temperature parameter from at least one temperature interval; determining a preset fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the target temperature interval based on the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, to obtain the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

4. The cold start-up method of a fuel cell stack according to claim 3, characterized by The method further comprises: in a case where the target temperature interval is a first temperature interval, determining a first fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the first temperature interval from the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, to obtain the target fuel cell cold start strategy, wherein the first fuel cell cold start strategy is used to represent a strategy for an electronic load based on a constant voltage control mode to perform a fuel cell cold start action on the fuel cell stack; in a case where the target temperature interval is a second temperature interval, determining a second fuel cell cold start strategy corresponding to the second temperature interval from the preset fuel cell cold start strategy set, wherein the second temperature interval corresponds to an interval temperature less than an interval temperature corresponding to the first temperature interval, and the second fuel cell cold start strategy is used to represent a strategy for an electronic load based on a constant current control mode to perform a fuel cell cold start action on the fuel cell stack.

5. The cold start-up method of a fuel cell stack according to claim 4, characterized by The method further comprises: in a case where the target fuel cell cold start strategy is the first fuel cell cold start strategy, setting a target operating voltage parameter of the fuel cell stack and a target cooling liquid flow rate parameter of cooling liquid in a cooling liquid circulation loop of the fuel cell stack; controlling the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the electronic load based on the constant voltage control mode, the target operating voltage parameter and the target cooling liquid flow rate parameter.

6. The cold start-up method of a fuel cell stack according to claim 4, characterized by The method further comprises: in a case where the target fuel cell cold start strategy is the second fuel cell cold start strategy, setting a target operating current density parameter of the fuel cell stack and a target cooling liquid supply mode parameter of cooling liquid in a cooling liquid circulation loop of the fuel cell stack; Based on the electronic load of the constant current control mode, the target operating current density parameter and the target coolant supply mode parameter, the fuel cell stack is controlled to perform a cold start action.

7. The cold start-up method of a fuel cell stack according to claim 6, characterized by, Based on the electronic load of the constant current control mode, the target operating current density parameter and the target coolant supply mode parameter, the fuel cell stack is controlled to perform a cold start action, comprising: Based on the target coolant supply mode parameter, the coolant in the coolant circulation loop is controlled to flow intermittently; Based on the electronic load of the constant current control mode, and the target operating current density parameter, the fuel cell stack is controlled to perform a cold start action.

8. A cold start-up device for a fuel cell stack, characterized by comprising: Comprising: an acquisition module, configured to acquire a temperature parameter of an environment in which a fuel cell stack is located, in response to a start instruction for the fuel cell stack; a determination module, configured to determine a target fuel cell cold start strategy matched with the temperature parameter; a control module, configured to control the fuel cell stack to perform a cold start action based on the target fuel cell cold start strategy.

9. An electronic device, comprising: Comprising: a memory, storing an executable program; a processor, configured to run the program, wherein the program, when running, performs the cold start method of the fuel cell stack in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium comprises a stored executable program, wherein the executable program, when running, controls a device in which the storage medium is located to perform the cold start method of the fuel cell stack in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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