Communication method and related device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a communication method and a related device. The method comprises the following steps: a label device sends a first data stream to a reader on a first frequency domain resource; receiving first indication information from the reader; the first indication information is used for indicating the first frequency hopping moment. And performing frequency hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping moment. The time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is different from the time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource. And sending the first data stream to the reader on the second frequency domain resource. By adopting the method, the problem of transmission power attenuation caused by simultaneous transmission of the first data stream on the two frequency domain resources can be avoided, the transmission power on each frequency domain resource is improved, and the transmission quality of the first data stream is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, and in particular, to a communication method and related apparatus. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of communication technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, the problem of spectrum resource shortage is increasingly prominent. Therefore, how to improve the frequency domain utilization of a wireless communication system has become one of the current research hotspots.

[0003] In order to improve the spectrum utilization of a communication system, the prior art proposes a scheme of transmitting a signal on multiple subcarriers at the same time, so that frequency selection gain can be obtained, and thus the spectrum utilization is improved. However, this signal transmission mode will have the problem of transmission power attenuation due to power dilution, which affects the signal transmission quality. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above problem, the present application provides a communication method and related apparatus, which can improve the transmission power of a signal, and thus the transmission quality of the signal can be guaranteed.

[0005] The present application is described below from multiple aspects. It is easy to understand that the implementation modes of the following multiple aspects can be mutually referenced.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which is applicable to a tag device or a chip in the tag device. The method comprises: transmitting a first data stream to a reader on a first frequency domain resource. Receiving first indication information from the reader. Here, the first indication information is used to indicate a first frequency hopping time. Hopping from the first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time. Here, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource correspond to different time domain resources. Transmitting the first data stream to the reader on the second frequency domain resource.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present application, by means of frequency hopping, the tag device can transmit the first data stream on two different frequency domain resources respectively, so that frequency selection gain can be obtained, the spectrum utilization is improved, and the transmission reliability of the first data stream is improved. At the same time, since the two frequency domain resources correspond to different time domain resources, the problem of transmission power attenuation caused by the tag device transmitting the first data stream on the two frequency domain resources at the same time can be avoided, the transmission power on each frequency domain resource is improved, and the transmission quality of the first data stream is guaranteed. In addition, the problem of intermodulation distortion caused by the tag device transmitting the first data stream on the two frequency domain resources at the same time can also be avoided.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation mode, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource are respectively used for transmitting all or part of the first data stream.

[0009] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a first sub-data stream, and the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit a second sub-data stream. In a case where the first data stream corresponds to m chips, the first sub-data stream includes n chips of the m chips. The second sub-data stream includes m-n chips of the m chips other than the n chips, or the second sub-data stream includes m-n chips of the m chips other than the n chips and a last chip of the n chips. Here, m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0010] In the above implementation, the tag device can first transmit a part of the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, and after frequency hopping, the tag device can continue to transmit, on the second frequency domain resource, from a chip corresponding to the first data stream that has not been transmitted last time. In this way, the integrity of the first data stream transmission before and after frequency hopping can be ensured, and the reliability and stability of the communication can be improved.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and a second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a second sub-data stream in the first data stream other than the first sub-data stream. A third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit the first sub-data stream, and a fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit the second sub-data stream.

[0012] In the above implementation, the tag device can first transmit a part of the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, and in a case where frequency hopping to the first frequency domain resource again, the tag device can continue to transmit from the first data stream that has not been transmitted last time. Similarly, the tag device can first transmit a part of the first data stream on the second frequency domain resource, and in a case where frequency hopping to the second frequency domain resource again, the tag device can continue to transmit from the first data stream that has not been transmitted last time. In this way, the stability of the first data stream transmission on the same frequency domain resource is ensured, and the reliability of the communication is improved.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit the first data stream and a third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The second frequency domain resource is used to transmit a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream other than the third sub-data stream.

[0014] In the above implementation, after the tag device transmits the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, the tag device can repeatedly transmit the first data stream on the remaining frequency domain resources, so as to improve the utilization rate of the frequency domain resources. After frequency hopping, the tag device can continue to transmit, on the second frequency domain resource, from the first data stream that has not been transmitted last time. In this way, the integrity of the first data stream transmission before and after frequency hopping can be ensured, and the reliability and stability of the communication can be improved.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, in a case where the current residual energy of the tag device is greater than or equal to the preset energy threshold, the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit the third sub-data stream.

[0016] In the implementation described above, in a case where the current residual energy of the tag device is sufficient, the tag device can repeatedly transmit the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, which can ensure the reliability and stability of the communication.

[0017] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource can be used to transmit the first data stream and the third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource can be used to transmit the fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream except the third sub-data stream. The third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource can be used to transmit the first data stream and the third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource can be used to transmit the fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream except the third sub-data stream.

[0018] In the implementation described above, after the tag device transmits the first data stream on one frequency domain resource, the tag device can continue to repeatedly transmit the first data stream. In a case where the tag device jumps to the frequency domain resource again, the tag device can continue to transmit the first data stream from the first data stream that is not transmitted completely last time. This can ensure the stability of the transmission of the first data stream on the same frequency domain resource, and improve the reliability of the communication.

[0019] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first frequency domain resource and the first sub-time domain resource in the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource are used to transmit the first data stream. The second sub-time domain resource in the first time domain resource except the first sub-time domain resource is used to charge the tag device.

[0020] In the implementation described above, after the tag device transmits the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, the tag device can be charged on the remaining frequency domain resources, without repeatedly transmitting the first data stream. This can ensure that the tag device has sufficient energy, and further ensure the reliability and stability of the communication.

[0021] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, in a case where the current residual energy of the tag device is less than the preset energy threshold, the second sub-time domain resource is used to charge the tag device.

[0022] In the implementation described above, in a case where the current residual energy of the tag device is insufficient, after the tag device transmits the first data stream, the tag device can be charged, instead of repeatedly transmitting the first data stream. This can ensure that the tag device has sufficient energy, and further improve the reliability and stability of the communication.

[0023] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation form of the first aspect, the first indication information comprises a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of the fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and an end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0024] In the above implementation, the first frequency hopping time of frequency hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource is indicated by indicating the time interval, which is simple and easy to implement.

[0025] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation form of the first aspect, the method further comprises: frequency hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at a second frequency hopping time. Here, the second frequency hopping time is determined by the first frequency hopping time and a length of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. The length of the first time domain resource is determined based on a first parameter. The first parameter comprises one or more of a data amount of the first data stream, an encoding manner of the first data stream, and a retransmission number of the first data stream. The first data stream is transmitted to the reader on the first frequency domain resource.

[0026] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation form of the first aspect, the method further comprises: receiving second indication information from the reader. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate a frequency hopping number corresponding to a transmission process of the first data stream. The frequency hopping number comprises a number of frequency hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, and / or a number of frequency hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0027] In the above implementation, the tag device can determine the frequency hopping number corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream through the second indication information, and further determine the frequency hopping time corresponding to each subsequent frequency hopping, so as to perform frequency hopping transmission at the corresponding frequency hopping time. Moreover, such indication manner is simple and easy to implement.

[0028] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation form of the first aspect, the method further comprises: receiving third indication information from the reader. Here, the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The third indication information is further used to indicate, in the case that the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner, whether the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0029] In the above implementation, the tag device can determine whether the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner and the first frequency hopping condition through the third indication information, so as to subsequently transmit the first data stream on the corresponding frequency domain resource. Moreover, such indication manner is simple and easy to implement.

[0030] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: receiving fourth indication information from the reader. Here, the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

[0031] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the number of bit positions corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The value of the bit corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

[0032] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, in a case where the number of bit positions corresponding to the fourth indication information is less than a preset number of bit positions, the number of bit positions corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. In a case where the number of bit positions corresponding to the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bit positions, the number of bit positions corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

[0033] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the preset number of bit positions satisfies the following formula:

[0034]

[0035] In the embodiments of the present application, is a ceiling function, which is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer not less than the real number a. N tone represents the number of frequency domain resources that can be used by the tag device and the reader.

[0036] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the preset number of bit positions satisfies the following formula:

[0037]

[0038] In the embodiments of the present application, is a permutation number formula, that is,

[0039] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the fourth indication information includes first sub-indication information and second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate the identity of the first frequency domain resource and the first frequency domain resource as the first frequency domain resource for transmitting the first data stream. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset frequency domain resource interval number.

[0040] In the implementation, the tag device can determine whether it is to transmit the first data stream in a frequency hopping manner and two frequency domain resources to be used in the frequency hopping transmission through the fourth indication information, so as to facilitate the tag device to subsequently transmit the first data stream on the corresponding frequency domain resources. Moreover, the indication manner is simple and easy to implement.

[0041] With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the method further includes: sending a preamble signal to the reader. Here, the preamble signal is used to determine the amplitude information and / or phase information of the first signal, and the first signal carries the first data stream.

[0042] In the implementation, after frequency hopping, the tag device can further send a preamble signal to the reader, so that the reader measures the amplitude signal and / or phase information of the first signal sent on the frequency domain resource after frequency hopping. Thus, the reader can demodulate according to the determined amplitude information and / or phase information when subsequently demodulating the first signal, thereby avoiding the problem of demodulation error due to identification error of the amplitude and / or phase when demodulating, and improving the reliability and stability of the first data stream transmission.

[0043] The second aspect, the embodiment of the application provides a communication method, suitable for the reader or the chip in the reader. The method comprises: receiving the first data stream from the tag device on the first frequency domain resource. Sending the first indication information to the tag device and / or the carrier node. Here, the first indication information is used to indicate the first frequency hopping time. Frequency hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time. Here, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource correspond to different time domain resources. Receiving the first data stream from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource.

[0044] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource are respectively used to transmit all or part of the first data stream.

[0045] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit the first sub-data stream, and the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit the second sub-data stream. In the case that the first data stream corresponds to m chips, the first sub-data stream includes n chips of the m chips. The second sub-data stream includes m-n chips of the m chips excluding the n chips, or the second sub-data stream includes m-n chips of the m chips excluding the n chips and the last chip of the n chips. Here, m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0046] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of a first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and the second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of a second sub-data stream in the first data stream, the second sub-data stream being different from the first sub-data stream. The third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmission of the first sub-data stream, and the fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmission of the second sub-data stream.

[0047] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of the first data stream and a third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The second frequency domain resource is used for transmission of a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, the fourth sub-data stream being different from the third sub-data stream in the first data stream.

[0048] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, in a case where the current residual energy of the tag device is greater than or equal to the preset energy threshold, the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of the third sub-data stream.

[0049] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource can be used for transmission of the first data stream and the third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource can be used for transmission of the fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, the fourth sub-data stream being different from the third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource can be used for transmission of the first data stream and the third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource can be used for transmission of the fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, the fourth sub-data stream being different from the third sub-data stream in the first data stream.

[0050] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first frequency domain resource and a first time domain resource in the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource are used for transmission of the first data stream. A second time domain resource in the first time domain resource, the second time domain resource being different from the first time domain resource, is used for charging of the tag device.

[0051] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, in a case where the current residual energy of the tag device is less than the preset energy threshold, the second time domain resource is used for charging of the tag device.

[0052] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping moment and a start moment of a fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping moment and an end moment of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping moment and a start moment of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0053] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at a second hopping time. Here, the second hopping time is determined by the first hopping time and a length of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. The length of the first time domain resource is determined based on a first parameter. The first parameter includes one or more of a data amount of the first data stream, a coding mode of the first data stream, and a retransmission number of the first data stream. The first data stream from the tag device is received on the first frequency domain resource.

[0054] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: sending second indication information to the tag device and / or the carrier node. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate a hopping number corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream. The hopping number includes a number of times of hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, and / or a number of times of hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0055] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: sending third indication information to the tag device and / or the carrier node. Here, the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a hopping manner. The third indication information is also used to indicate, in a case where the first data stream is transmitted in the hopping manner, whether the first hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0056] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: sending fourth indication information to the tag device and / or the carrier node. Here, the fourth indication information is used to indicate identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a hopping manner.

[0057] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, a number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a hopping manner. Bit values corresponding to the fourth indication information are used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

[0058] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, in a case where a number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is less than a preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in a hopping manner. In a case where the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a hopping manner.

[0059] With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] In the embodiments of the present application, denoted as the ceiling function, is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer not less than the real number a. N tone denotes the number of frequency domain resources available to the tag device and the reader.

[0062] In combination with the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0063]

[0064] wherein, is the permutation number formula, that is,

[0065] In combination with the second aspect, in a possible implementation, the fourth indication information includes first sub-indication information and second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate the identity of the first frequency domain resource and that the first frequency domain resource is the first frequency domain resource for transmitting the first data stream. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset frequency domain resource interval number.

[0066] In combination with the second aspect, in a possible implementation, receiving the first data stream from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource includes: receiving a first signal from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource. Here, the first signal carries the first data stream. A preamble signal from the tag device is received. The amplitude information and / or the phase information of the first signal are determined according to the amplitude information and / or the phase information of the preamble signal. The first data stream is demodulated based on the amplitude information and / or the phase information of the first signal to obtain the first data stream.

[0067] In the third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a communication method suitable for a carrier node or a chip in a carrier node. The method includes: transmitting a carrier signal corresponding to a first frequency domain resource. Receiving first indication information from a reader. Here, the first indication information is used to indicate a first frequency hopping time. Transmitting a carrier signal corresponding to a second frequency domain resource to a tag device at the first frequency hopping time.

[0068] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation, the first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a starting time of a fifth time domain resource corresponding to a first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and an ending time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a starting time of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0069] In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the method further includes: receiving second indication information from the reader. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate the frequency hopping times corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream. The frequency hopping times include the frequency hopping times from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource and / or the frequency hopping times from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0070] In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, third indication information is received from the reader. Here, the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. In the case that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, the third indication information is further used to indicate whether the first frequency domain resource hops to the second frequency domain resource or the second frequency domain resource hops to the first frequency domain resource.

[0071] In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, fourth indication information is received from the reader. Here, the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

[0072] In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

[0073] In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, in the case that the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is less than a preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. In the case that the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

[0074] In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] In the embodiments of the present application, is a ceiling function, which is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer not less than the real number a. N tone represents the number of frequency domain resources available to the tag device and the reader.

[0077] In a possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] wherein, is the permutation formula, i.e.

[0080] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the fourth indication information includes first sub-indication information and second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate the identity of the first frequency domain resource and indicate that the first frequency domain resource is the first frequency domain resource for transmitting the first data stream. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset frequency domain resource interval number.

[0081] In combination with the third aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the method further includes: transmitting, to the tag device, a carrier signal corresponding to the first frequency domain resource at the second frequency hopping moment.

[0082] It should be understood that the communication method provided in the above second aspect and third aspect is used to cooperate with the implementation of the communication method provided in the above first aspect, and thus the same beneficial effects can be achieved. In order to avoid redundancy, the description will not be repeated.

[0083] It should be understood that the communication method provided in the above first aspect is also applicable to functional components in the tag device, such as a processor, a chip, a chip system, and a circuit in the tag device. The present application does not make specific limitations in this regard. Similarly, the communication method provided in the above second aspect or third aspect is also applicable to functional components in the corresponding device. In order to avoid redundancy, the description will not be repeated.

[0084] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a communication apparatus, which can be the tag device mentioned in the first aspect. The communication apparatus includes modules, units or means corresponding to the above method, which can be implemented by hardware, software or by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.

[0085] In some possible designs, the communication apparatus includes a transceiver unit (which can also be referred to as a transceiver module) and a processing unit (which can also be referred to as a processing module). The transceiver unit is configured to transmit, to the reader, the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource. The transceiver unit is also configured to receive the first indication information from the reader. Here, the first indication information is used to indicate the first frequency hopping moment. The processing unit is configured to hop from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping moment. Here, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource correspond to different time domain resources. The transceiver unit is also configured to transmit, to the reader, the first data stream on the second frequency domain resource.

[0086] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource are respectively used for transmitting all or part of the first data stream.

[0087] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting a first sub-data stream, and the second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting a second sub-data stream. In a case where the first data stream corresponds to m chips, the first sub-data stream includes n chips of the m chips. The second sub-data stream includes m-n chips of the m chips excluding the n chips, or the second sub-data stream includes m-n chips of the m chips excluding the n chips and a last chip of the n chips. Here, m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0088] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting a first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and a second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting a second sub-data stream in the first data stream excluding the first sub-data stream. A third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the first sub-data stream, and a fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the second sub-data stream.

[0089] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the first data stream and a third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream excluding the third sub-data stream.

[0090] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, in a case where a current residual energy of the tag device is greater than or equal to a preset energy threshold, the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the third sub-data stream.

[0091] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the first data stream and a third sub-data stream in the first data stream. A second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream excluding the third sub-data stream. A third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the first data stream and the third sub-data stream in the first data stream. A fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream excluding the third sub-data stream.

[0092] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, the first frequency domain resource and a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource are used for transmitting the first data stream. The first frequency domain resource and a second time domain resource corresponding to the first time domain resource excluding the first time domain resource are used for charging the tag device.

[0093] With reference to the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the second sub-time domain resource is used for charging the tag device in a case that a current residual energy of the tag device is less than a preset energy threshold.

[0094] With reference to the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first indication information comprises a first time interval between a first frequency hopping time and a start time of a fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and an end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0095] With reference to the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the processing unit is further configured to hop from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at a second frequency hopping time. Here, the second frequency hopping time is determined by the first frequency hopping time and a length of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. The length of the first time domain resource is determined based on a first parameter. The first parameter comprises one or more of a data amount of the first data stream, an encoding mode of the first data stream, and a retransmission number of the first data stream. The transceiving unit is further configured to transmit the first data stream to the reader on the first frequency domain resource.

[0096] With reference to the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the transceiving unit is further configured to receive second indication information from the reader. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate a frequency hopping number corresponding to a transmission process of the first data stream. The frequency hopping number comprises a number of times of hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, and / or a number of times of hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0097] With reference to the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the transceiving unit is further configured to receive third indication information from the reader. Here, the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The third indication information is further used to indicate, in a case that the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner, whether a first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0098] With reference to the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the transceiving unit is further configured to receive fourth indication information from the reader. Here, the fourth indication information is used to indicate identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner.

[0099] With reference to the fourth aspect, in a possible implementation manner, a number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner. A bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

[0100] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, in a case where the fourth indication information corresponds to a bit number less than the preset bit number, the bit number corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. In a case where the fourth indication information corresponds to a bit number greater than or equal to the preset bit number, the bit number corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

[0101] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, the preset bit number satisfies the following formula:

[0102]

[0103] In the embodiments of the present application, is a ceiling function, which is used to map a real number a to a minimum integer not less than the real number a. N tone N represents the number of frequency domain resources that can be used by the tag device and the reader.

[0104] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, the preset bit number satisfies the following formula:

[0105]

[0106] In the embodiments of the present application, is a permutation number formula, that is,

[0107] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, the fourth indication information includes first sub-indication information and second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate an identity of the first frequency domain resource and indicate that the first frequency domain resource is the first frequency domain resource for transmitting the first data stream. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset frequency domain resource interval number.

[0108] In a possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to send a preamble signal to the reader. Here, the preamble signal is used to determine amplitude information and / or phase information of the first signal, and the first signal carries the first data stream.

[0109] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the communication device includes a module, unit or means corresponding to the above-mentioned method. The module, unit or means can be implemented by hardware, software or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.

[0110] In some possible design, the communication apparatus includes a transceiving unit (which can also be referred to as a transceiving module) and a processing unit (which can also be referred to as a processing module). The transceiving unit is configured to receive, from the tag device, the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource. The transceiving unit is also configured to send, to the tag device and / or the carrier node, first indication information. Here, the first indication information is used to indicate the first frequency hopping time. The processing unit is configured to hop, at the first frequency hopping time, from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource. Here, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource correspond to different time domain resources. The transceiving unit is also configured to receive, from the tag device, the first data stream on the second frequency domain resource.

[0111] With reference to the fifth aspect, in a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource are respectively used for transmission of all or part of the first data stream.

[0112] With reference to the fifth aspect, in a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of a first sub-data stream, and the second frequency domain resource is used for transmission of a second sub-data stream. In a case where the first data stream corresponds to m chips, the first sub-data stream includes n chips of the m chips. The second sub-data stream includes m-n chips of the m chips excluding the n chips, or the second sub-data stream includes m-n chips of the m chips excluding the n chips and a last chip of the n chips. Here, m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0113] With reference to the fifth aspect, in a possible implementation, a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of a first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and a second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of a second sub-data stream in the first data stream excluding the first sub-data stream. A third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmission of the first sub-data stream, and a fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmission of the second sub-data stream.

[0114] With reference to the fifth aspect, in a possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of the first data stream and a third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The second frequency domain resource is used for transmission of a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream excluding the third sub-data stream.

[0115] With reference to the fifth aspect, in a possible implementation, in a case where a current residual energy of the tag device is greater than or equal to a preset energy threshold, the first frequency domain resource is used for transmission of the third sub-data stream.

[0116] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the first data stream and a third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, except the third sub-data stream. The third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the first data stream and the third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, except the third sub-data stream.

[0117] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the first frequency domain resource and a first time domain resource in the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource are used for transmitting the first data stream. A second time domain resource in the first time domain resource, except the first time domain resource, corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used for charging the tag device.

[0118] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, in a case where a current residual energy of the tag device is less than a preset energy threshold, the second time domain resource is used for charging the tag device.

[0119] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and an end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0120] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the processing unit is further configured to hop from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at a second frequency hopping time. Here, the second frequency hopping time is determined by the first frequency hopping time and a length of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. The length of the first time domain resource is determined based on a first parameter. The first parameter includes one or more of a data amount of the first data stream, an encoding mode of the first data stream, and a retransmission number of the first data stream. The transceiver is further configured to receive the first data stream from the tag device on the first frequency domain resource.

[0121] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to send second indication information to the tag device and / or the carrier node. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate a frequency hopping number corresponding to a transmission process of the first data stream. The frequency hopping number includes a number of times of hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, and / or a number of times of hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0122] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to send third indication information to the tag device and / or the carrier node. The third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. In the case that the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner, the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0123] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to send fourth indication information to the tag device and / or the carrier node. The fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

[0124] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

[0125] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, in the case that the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is less than a preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. In the case that the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

[0126] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0127]

[0128] In the embodiments of the present application, is a ceiling function, which is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer not less than the real number a. N tone represents the number of frequency domain resources available to the tag device and the reader.

[0129] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0130]

[0131] In the embodiments of the present application, is a permutation formula, that is,

[0132] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the fourth indication information includes first sub-indication information and second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate an identity of the first frequency domain resource and indicate that the first frequency domain resource is the first frequency domain resource in which the first data stream is transmitted. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset frequency domain resource interval number.

[0133] In a possible implementation manner of the fifth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to receive, from the tag device, a first signal on the second frequency domain resource. Here, the first signal carries the first data stream. The transceiver is further configured to receive a preamble signal from the tag device. The processor is further configured to determine amplitude information and / or phase information of the first signal based on amplitude information and / or phase information of the preamble signal. The processor is further configured to demodulate the first data stream based on the amplitude information and / or the phase information of the first signal.

[0134] In the sixth aspect, the present application provides a communication apparatus, which can be the carrier node mentioned in the third aspect. The communication apparatus includes modules, units or means corresponding to the above-mentioned method, which can be implemented by hardware, software or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.

[0135] In some possible designs, the communication apparatus includes a transceiver (which can also be referred to as a transceiving module) and a processor (which can also be referred to as a processing module). The transceiver transmits a carrier signal corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. The transceiver receives first indication information from the reader. Here, the first indication information is used to indicate a first frequency hopping time. The transceiver transmits a carrier signal corresponding to the second frequency domain resource to the tag device at the first frequency hopping time.

[0136] In a possible implementation manner of the sixth aspect, the first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and an end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0137] In a possible implementation manner of the sixth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to receive second indication information from the reader. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate a frequency hopping number corresponding to a transmission process of the first data stream. The frequency hopping number includes a frequency hopping number from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource and / or a frequency hopping number from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0138] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to receive third indication information from the reader. The third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The third indication information is also used to indicate, in the case that the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner, whether the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0139] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to receive fourth indication information from the reader. The fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner.

[0140] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner. The bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

[0141] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, in the case that the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is less than a preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in the frequency hopping manner. In the case that the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner.

[0142] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] In the embodiments of the present application, is a ceiling function, which is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer that is not less than the real number a. N tone represents the number of frequency domain resources that can be used by the tag device and the reader.

[0145] In a possible implementation of the sixth aspect, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0146]

[0147] wherein, is a permutation formula, that is,

[0148] In a possible implementation manner of the sixth aspect, the fourth indication information includes first sub-indication information and second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate the identity of the first frequency domain resource and that the first frequency domain resource is the first frequency domain resource in which the first data stream is transmitted. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset frequency domain resource interval number.

[0149] In a possible implementation manner of the sixth aspect, the transceiver is further configured to transmit, to the tag device, a carrier signal corresponding to the first frequency domain resource at the second frequency hopping moment.

[0150] In a possible implementation manner of the seventh aspect, the computer program product includes instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or perform the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect, or perform the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect.

[0151] In a possible implementation manner of the eighth aspect, the computer program is stored in the computer readable storage medium, and when executed, performs the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or performs the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect, or performs the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect.

[0152] In a possible implementation manner of the ninth aspect, the communication apparatus further includes a memory configured to store necessary program instructions and data (i.e., a computer program).

[0153] In a possible implementation manner of the ninth aspect, the memory can be coupled with the processor, or can be independent of the processor.

[0154] In a possible implementation manner of the ninth aspect, the memory can be coupled with the processor, or can be independent of the processor.

[0155] In a tenth aspect, the present application provides a chip system, which comprises at least a processor. The processor is configured to execute computer-executed instructions to cause a device installed with the chip system to perform the method of the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or to perform the method of the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or to perform the method of the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0156] In combination with the tenth aspect, in a possible implementation, the chip system further comprises an interface circuit. The interface circuit is configured to receive the computer-executed instructions and transmit them to the processor.

[0157] In an eleventh aspect, the present application provides a communication device, which comprises a processor and an interface circuit. The interface circuit is configured to receive signals from other communication devices outside the communication device and transmit them to the processor, or send signals from the processor to other communication devices outside the communication device. The processor is configured to implement the method of any of the above aspects by means of a logic circuit or by executing a computer program or instructions. The communication device can be the tag device in the first aspect, or a device comprising the tag device, or a device comprising the tag device, such as a chip system; or the communication device can be the reader in the second aspect, or a device comprising the reader, or a device comprising the reader, such as a chip system; or the communication device can be the carrier node in the third aspect, or a device comprising the carrier node, or a device comprising the carrier node, such as a chip system.

[0158] In a twelfth aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which comprises at least a tag device and a reader. The tag device is configured to perform the communication method provided in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the reader is configured to perform the communication method provided in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0159] In a thirteenth aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which comprises at least a tag device, a reader and a carrier node. The tag device is configured to perform the communication method provided in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, the reader is configured to perform the communication method provided in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, and the carrier node is configured to perform the communication method provided in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect.

[0160] To sum up, the communication method provided in the application can realize the transmission of the first data stream on two different frequency domain resources in a frequency hopping manner, can avoid the problem of transmission power attenuation caused by the simultaneous transmission of the first data stream on the two frequency domain resources, and further avoids the influence of transmission power attenuation on the transmission quality of the first data stream while guaranteeing the spectrum utilization, so as to guarantee the transmission quality of the first data stream. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0161] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0162] Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of a scenario of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0163] Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of a scenario of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0164] Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of a scenario of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0165] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0166] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a flow of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0167] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a time interval provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0168] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0169] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another transmission method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0170] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another transmission method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0171] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a preamble signal provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0172] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another preamble signal provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0173] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a flow of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0174] Figure 11is a flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0175] Figure 12 is a flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0176] Figure 13 is a flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0177] Figure 14 is a flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0178] Figure 15 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0179] Figure 16 is a structural diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0180] Figure 17 is a structural diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0181] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0182] In the present application, “at least one” means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more. “And / or” describes the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist together, B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the textual description of the present application, the character “ / ” generally represents that the associated objects before and after it are in an “or” relationship; in the formula of the present application, the character “ / ” represents that the associated objects before and after it are in a “division” relationship. “Including at least one of A, B and C” can represent: including A; including B; including C; including A and B; including A and C; including B and C; including A, B and C.

[0183] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (TDD), a 5th generation (5G) system or a new radio (NR), and in addition, can be applied to future communication systems, such as a 6th generation (6G) communication system and the like.

[0184] The system architecture to which the embodiments of the present application are applied will be introduced below. It should be noted that the system architecture and business scenarios described in the present application are for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the present application. It can be known by those skilled in the art that, with the evolution of system architecture and the appearance of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0185] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a communication system provided by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 1 , the communication system can include a reader and a tag device. The reader can interact with the tag device through radio frequency signals or wireless signals, and the two can cooperate with each other to implement the communication method provided by the present application.

[0186] The reader can be a device or apparatus capable of identifying and reading a tag. The reader can obtain information stored in a specified tag according to an instruction issued by a server. For example, if the instruction issued by the server is a check operation (or also referred to as an inventory operation), the reader can obtain identification information of the tag. Here, the identification information can be a unique identifier of the tag, or a temporary identifier of the tag. For another example, if the instruction issued by the server is a read operation, the reader can read data in a storage area of the tag.

[0187] In possible scenarios, in the case of rewriting information stored in the tag, the reader can also have a write function. For example, if the instruction issued by the server is a write operation, the reader can write data into the storage area of the tag. In addition, the reader can also perform an invalidation operation on the tag. After the reader performs the invalidation operation, the tag is invalidated and cannot be executed for operations such as check operation, read operation or write operation. It should be understood that the reader can also be referred to as a reader-writer, and the reader can also have other names, which are not limited by the embodiments of the present application.

[0188] In the embodiments of this application, the reader can be a network device or a terminal device, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit the form of the reader.

[0189] The network device can be a base station, an access point, or an access network device, or it can refer to a device in the access network that communicates with a wireless terminal through one or more sectors on the air interface. The network device can be used to convert received air frames to and from Internet Protocol (IP) packets, and act as a router between the wireless terminal and the rest of the access network, which may include an IP network. The network device can also coordinate the attribute management of the air interface. For example, the network device can be an evolved node B (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) or open radio access network (ORAN) scenario, or a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted device, wearable device, access device in a 5G network, or a network device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), or an access point (AP) in a wireless local area network (WLAN), or a 5G radio base station (gNodeB or gNB) in an NR system. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0190] In addition, in the embodiments of this application, the network device can be a device in the radio access network (RAN), or in other words, a RAN node that connects the terminal device to the wireless network. For example, by way of example and not limitation, network devices can include: gNB, TRP, evolved Node B (eNB), radio network controller (RNC), Node B (NB), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), home base station (e.g., home-evolved Node B, or home Node B (HNB), base band unit (BBU), or wireless fidelity (WiFi) AP, etc.

[0191] Terminal equipment can be referred to as: user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device, etc.

[0192] Terminal devices can be devices that provide voice / data connectivity to users, such as handheld devices with wireless connectivity, in-vehicle devices, etc. Currently, some examples of terminals include: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, and wireless terminals in transportation safety. Wireless terminals in smart cities, smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless demodulator, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, terminal devices in 5G networks, or terminal devices in future evolved communication systems, etc., are not limited to these categories in this application.

[0193] As an example and not a limitation, in this application embodiment, wearable devices can also be called wearable smart devices. This is a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, and watches. Wearable devices are portable devices worn directly on the body or integrated into a user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not merely hardware devices; they achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly defined, wearable devices include those with comprehensive functions, large size, and the ability to achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as those focused on a specific application function that require interaction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0194] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the terminal device can also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important component of future information technology development, and its main technical feature is connecting objects to networks through technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network for human-machine interconnection and object-to-object interconnection. In this embodiment, the terminal device can also include a relay. Alternatively, it can be understood that anything capable of data communication with a base station can be considered a terminal device.

[0195] It should be further noted that the aforementioned network devices and terminal devices can be fixed in location or mobile. Specifically, network devices and terminal devices can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted, on water, or in the air on airplanes, balloons, and satellites. This application does not impose specific limitations on the application scenarios of the network devices and terminal devices.

[0196] It should also be noted that the aforementioned network devices and terminal devices, as well as terminal devices communicating with each other, can communicate using licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or both simultaneously. Network devices and terminal devices, as well as terminal devices communicating with each other, can communicate using spectrum below 6 GHz, spectrum above 6 GHz, or both simultaneously. This application does not impose specific restrictions on the spectrum resources used between network devices and terminal devices.

[0197] The tag device can consist of coupling elements and chips. Each tag has an electronic code, and high-capacity electronic tags have user-writable storage space. Attached to an object, it identifies the target object. The tag can receive signals sent by a reader to drive internal circuitry for encoding, decoding, demodulation, and other processing operations. It also reflects signals sent by the reader, demodulating the information to be transmitted onto the reflected signal to send signaling to the reader. It should be understood that the tag device can also be called a tag, electronic tag, or electronic device, and other names are not limited to this application.

[0198] In this embodiment, the tag device can be an ambient internet of things (AIoT) tag, which can also be called an AIoT device. AIoT tags can operate without batteries or with low-power batteries, eliminating the need for manual battery replacement and instead collecting energy from the environment for service and communication.

[0199] There are generally two types of AIoT tags. Type 1 AIoT tags (hereinafter referred to as "first tags" for ease of distinction) typically have an output power consumption of about 1 microwatt (μW) and energy storage capabilities, but lack the ability to amplify uplink and downlink signals. First tags can only transmit information through backscattering of an externally provided carrier wave. Type 2 AIoT tags (hereinafter referred to as "second tags" for ease of distinction) typically have a peak power of no more than a few hundred microwatts and possess energy storage capabilities, as well as the ability to amplify uplink and / or downlink signals. Second tags can generate signals internally or transmit information through backscattering of an externally provided carrier wave.

[0200] In practice, there are two possible scenarios for communication between network devices and AIoT tags. The following will combine... Figure 1a , Figure 1b and Figure 1c The communication process between network devices and the two types of AIoT tags described above in two different scenarios is illustrated by example.

[0201] In Scenario 1, when the network device is operating in a limited-range mode, it can communicate directly with the AIoT tag. In this case, two different communication methods can be used for the first and second tags mentioned above.

[0202] For method one, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1a , Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1a As shown, for a first or second tag that supports reflection, a terminal device communicating with the network device can transmit a carrier wave, which can be reflected by the first or second tag to obtain a reflected signal. In possible scenarios, other network devices besides the network device can also transmit a carrier wave, which can be reflected by the first or second tag to obtain a reflected signal. The first or second tag sends the reflected signal to the network device for uplink transmission. The network device can also send downlink signals to the first or second tag for downlink transmission.

[0203] For method two, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1b , Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1b As shown, for a second tag that supports internally generated signals, the signals generated internally by the second tag device can be used for uplink transmission with network devices. The network device can also send downlink signals to the second tag for downlink transmission.

[0204] In scenario two, when the network device is located outdoors, it can communicate with the AIoT tag through an additional intermediate node. It should be noted that communication between the AIoT tag and the intermediate node can be either from the intermediate node to the AIoT tag or vice versa.

[0205] Please see Figure 1c , Figure 1c This is a schematic diagram illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1c As shown, for a first or second tag that supports reflection, the intermediate node can transmit a carrier wave for the first or second tag to use for reflection. Optionally, in this embodiment, the intermediate node can be a terminal device, which can be fixed or mobile; this embodiment is not limited in this respect.

[0206] It should be noted that the network devices in Scenario 1 and the intermediate nodes in Scenario 2 can both be called readers, and the AIoT tags in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 can be called tag devices, or simply devices.

[0207] It should be understood that the process of sending a message from the reader to the device can be called reader-to-device (R2D) transmission, and the process of sending a message from the device to the reader can be called device-to-reader (D2R) transmission. In Scenario 1 above, R2D transmission refers to the communication process from the network device to the AIoT tag, and D2R transmission refers to the communication process from the AIoT tag to the network device. In Scenario 2 above, R2D transmission refers to the communication process from the intermediate node (such as the UE) to the AIoT tag, and D2R transmission refers to the communication process from the AIoT tag to the intermediate node (such as the UE).

[0208] Optional, please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the communication system may further include a carrier node, which can establish a communication connection with the aforementioned tag device and reader to implement the communication method provided in this application. Specifically, the reader can send an indication message to the carrier node. Furthermore, after receiving the indication message, the carrier node can send a carrier signal to the tag device according to the indication message.

[0209] In practice, there are two possible locational relationships between the carrier node and the reader. One is that the carrier node and the reader can be located in the same device, meaning they can co-address. The other is that the carrier node and the reader can be located in different devices, meaning they can not co-address.

[0210] In the embodiments of this application, the carrier node may be a customer premise equipment (CPE) or a router, etc. The embodiments of this application do not impose specific restrictions on the implementation form of the carrier node.

[0211] In the embodiments of this application, the method executed by the reader can also be implemented by functional components within the reader, such as chips, chip systems, processors, circuits, etc. Similarly, the method executed by the tag device can also be implemented by functional components within the tag device, such as chips, chip systems, processors, circuits, etc. The method executed by the carrier node can also be implemented by functional components within the carrier node, such as chips, chip systems, processors, circuits, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit this approach.

[0212] It should be understood that multiple tag devices can exist in a communication system. That is, a reader can establish communication connections with multiple tag devices. Similarly, multiple readers can exist in a communication system. That is, a tag device can establish communication connections with multiple readers simultaneously. In the embodiments of this application, no specific limit is placed on the number of readers and tag devices in the communication system. Similarly, no specific limit is placed on the data of the carrier node in the communication system. For ease of understanding, the following description uses one reader, one tag device, and one carrier node as an example to illustrate the communication method provided in this application.

[0213] To facilitate understanding of this application, some terms or concepts used in this application will be explained below.

[0214] 1. On-off keying (OOK) system, chip

[0215] OOK demodulation, also known as OOK signal demodulation, is a simple wireless signal demodulation method primarily used in digital communication systems. OOK demodulation is a special case of amplitude shift keying (ASK) demodulation, where changes in signal amplitude represent binary information. In OOK, the signal amplitude can take two discrete values: 0 (representing the off state) and a non-zero value, 1 (representing the on state). In this demodulation method, carrier transmission is controlled using binary 0s and 1s. A binary "1" corresponds to the on state of the carrier, and a binary "0" corresponds to the off state.

[0216] Signals obtained based on the OOK standard can carry at least one OOK level signal in a time-domain symbol, that is, at least one high-level signal and / or at least one low-level signal. A single OOK level signal can be called a chip, or in other words, a high-level signal or a low-level signal can be called a chip. It can be understood that a signal obtained based on the OOK standard can carry at least one chip in a time-domain symbol.

[0217] 2. Symbols and slots

[0218] The abbreviation for time-domain symbol can also be called OFDM symbol when using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology. It should be noted that time-domain symbols can also be combined with other multiple access methods in their naming, and this application does not limit this. The length of the time-domain symbol can vary for different subcarrier spacings.

[0219] In the embodiments of this application, a time slot can be understood as a time slot containing 14 or 12 OFDM symbols, a sub-slot containing 7 OFDM symbols, or a mini-slot containing 2 or 4 OFDM symbols. It should be understood that a time slot may also include other numbers of OFDM symbols, and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard.

[0220] 3. Sampling frequency offset (SFO)

[0221] SFO (Sampling Clock Error) refers to a mismatch in sampling clock frequencies between the transmitter and receiver, resulting in a deviation between the sampling time and the ideal time.

[0222] This section uses the reader and tag device involved in this application as examples to illustrate the SFO (Signal Optimization Timeout). Assuming an SFO of 10%, the reader considers 100 sampling points to be equivalent to the tag device's consideration of 90 or 110 sampling points. Because the tag device and reader clocks are not synchronized, sampling points of adjacent symbols will be included in the demodulation process of the current symbol, causing inter-symbol interference and thus affecting the demodulation process.

[0223] It should be noted that the demodulation effect caused by SFO can be cumulative. For example, if the SFO of the first symbol is 10%, by the second symbol, the SFO can accumulate to 20%. Similarly, the SFO of the fifth symbol can reach 50%, meaning that half of the sampling points of the fifth symbol can come from adjacent symbols, which will cause significant inter-symbol interference.

[0224] To improve the spectrum utilization of communication systems, existing technologies propose schemes that transmit signals simultaneously on multiple subcarriers. This allows for frequency selection gain, thereby improving spectrum utilization. However, this signal transmission method suffers from transmit power attenuation due to power amortization, affecting signal transmission quality. Therefore, the technical problem this application aims to solve is: how to avoid the transmit power attenuation problem that occurs when transmitting signals via multiple subcarriers, thus ensuring spectrum utilization while avoiding the impact of transmit power attenuation on signal transmission quality.

[0225] Based on the above, the communication method of this application embodiment will be described below by way of example.

[0226] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. Optionally, this method can be applied to... Figure 1 or Figure 2 The communication system shown. (As shown) Figure 3 As shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0227] S301, the tag device sends a first data stream to the reader on the first frequency domain resource. Correspondingly, the reader receives the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource.

[0228] In some feasible implementations, the tag device can send a first data stream to the reader on a first frequency domain resource. Here, the first data stream can refer to the data stream corresponding to a single D2R message sent by the tag device to the reader during D2R transmission. The first data stream can be a single data item or multiple data items; that is, any data sent by the tag device to the reader can be referred to as the first data stream.

[0229] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, frequency domain resources refer to available resources in the frequency domain, which may specifically be a subcarrier or a tone, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0230] Accordingly, the reader can receive the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource and obtain the information corresponding to the first data stream.

[0231] S302, the reader sends first instruction information to the tag device. Accordingly, the tag device receives the first instruction information.

[0232] In some feasible implementations, after receiving the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, the reader can generate first indication information and send the first indication information to the tag device.

[0233] The first indication information can be used to indicate the first frequency hopping time. The first frequency hopping time refers to the moment when the frequency domain resource used by the tag device to send the first data stream to the reader hops from the first frequency domain resource to another frequency domain resource (hereinafter referred to as the second frequency domain resource for ease of description), or in other words, the moment when it switches from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource.

[0234] In possible scenarios, the tag device can switch back and forth between a first frequency domain resource and a second frequency domain resource to transmit the first data stream. That is, there may be multiple frequency hopping moments from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource. It should be noted that the aforementioned first frequency hopping moment refers to the moment when the device first hops from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource.

[0235] Optionally, the aforementioned first indication information can be sent by the reader to the tag device via a first message. In this embodiment, the first message can also be referred to as a D2R message. It should be understood that before frequency hopping, the frequency domain resources used to send the aforementioned first message can be the same as the frequency domain resources used to send the first data stream, that is, the frequency domain resources used to send the first message are the first frequency domain resources.

[0236] In one optional implementation, the first indication information may include a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the start time of the fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the start time of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0237] The three time intervals mentioned above can be indicated in units of the number of chips, the number of time-domain symbols, the number of slots, or milliseconds (ms). For example, the first time interval can be 50 chips. Another example is that the first time interval can be 29 time-domain symbols. Yet another example is that the first time interval can be 30 slots. And yet another example is that the first time interval can be 30 ms.

[0238] Optionally, the first frequency hopping time can be the end time of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, or it can be a time after the end time of the first time domain resource. That is, the tag device can switch to the second frequency domain resource to continue transmitting the first data stream after transmitting the first data stream on the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. Alternatively, the tag device can also switch to the second frequency domain resource to continue transmitting the first data stream after a certain interval following the transmission of the first data stream on the first time domain resource. This application embodiment does not limit this approach.

[0239] For example, please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a time interval provided in an embodiment of this application. Here, the first frequency hopping time is taken as the end time of the first time-domain resource as an example, and combined with... Figure 4 The first, second, and third time intervals described above are illustrated. Here, it is assumed that at the first frequency hopping time, the first data stream is transmitted from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the rectangles filled with slashes represent the first message transmitted on the frequency domain resources, and the rectangles filled with blanks represent the first data stream transmitted on the frequency domain resources.

[0240] Accordingly, the tag device can receive the first instruction information and determine the first frequency hopping time.

[0241] S303, the tag device hops from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time, and sends a first data stream to the reader on the second frequency domain resource; that is, the tag device sends a first data stream to the reader on the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time. Correspondingly, the reader hops from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time, and receives the first data stream on the second frequency domain resource; that is, the reader receives the first data stream from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time.

[0242] In some feasible implementations, after receiving the first instruction information, the tag device can hop from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time, and further can send a first data stream to the reader on the second frequency domain resource; that is, the tag device sends a first data stream to the reader on the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time. Correspondingly, the reader can also hop from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time, and further can receive the first data stream on the second frequency domain resource; that is, the reader receives the first data stream from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time.

[0243] The time-domain resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources may be different. In other words, the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources may be different.

[0244] Optionally, the time-domain resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource can be continuous. That is, the first frequency hopping time can be the end time of the first time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, which is also the start time of the third time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource.

[0245] Optionally, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource can be two adjacent frequency domain resources, or the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource can be separated by at least one frequency domain resource. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0246] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the lengths of the time-domain resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources can be the same. That is, the number of chips corresponding to the first data stream transmitted on the first frequency domain resources and the number of chips corresponding to the first data stream transmitted on the second frequency domain resources can be the same.

[0247] In one optional implementation, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource can be used to transmit all or part of the first data stream. Here, since the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource are different, it can also be understood that a time-frequency resource can be used to transmit all or part of the first data stream.

[0248] It should be noted that if the tag device and the reader's clocks are synchronized, i.e., there is no SFO (Simultaneous Start-Off), then both the first and second frequency domain resources can be used to transmit the entire first data stream. In other words, one time-frequency resource can be used to transmit the entire first data stream. This can also be understood as one time-frequency resource being able to transmit exactly one D2R message.

[0249] However, in actual implementation, due to potential clock discrepancies between the tag device and the reader (i.e., a certain SFO may exist), two possible data stream transmission scenarios exist for a single time-frequency resource. Scenario 1: A single time-frequency resource can be used to transmit a portion of the first data stream. In other words, one time-frequency resource is insufficient to transmit a complete D2R message. Scenario 2: A single time-frequency resource can be used to transmit the entire first data stream, and this resource may contain a portion of remaining time-frequency resources. In other words, one time-frequency resource is sufficient to transmit a complete D2R message.

[0250] The following section will further explain the transmission of the first data stream on the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources, based on the above scenarios one and two.

[0251] In Scenario 1, in a first possible implementation, the first frequency domain resources can be used to transmit the first sub-data stream, and the second frequency domain resources can be used to transmit the second sub-data stream. If the first data stream corresponds to m chips, the first sub-data stream may include n chips from these m chips, and the second sub-data stream may include mn chips (excluding the n chips) from the m chips; alternatively, the second sub-data stream may include mn chips from the m chips and the last chip from the n chips. Here, m and n are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0252] It should be noted that for the nth chip out of n chips transmitted on the first frequency domain resource, it is possible that the nth chip can be transmitted completely on the first frequency domain resource, or it may not. It should be understood that if the nth chip is not transmitted completely on the first frequency domain resource, after hopping to the second frequency domain resource, the nth chip and the remaining chips after it can be retransmitted on the second frequency domain resource, thus ensuring communication reliability. If the nth chip can be transmitted completely on the first frequency domain resource, after hopping to the second frequency domain resource, transmission can continue from the (n+1)th chip on the second frequency domain resource.

[0253] It can be understood that when the tag device and the reader transmit the nth chip of the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, after hopping to the second frequency domain resource, they can continue to transmit on the second frequency domain resource from the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip of the first data stream. In other words, the first chip transmitted on the second frequency domain resource is the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip of the first data stream.

[0254] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the nth chip corresponding to the first data stream can also be understood as the nth bit corresponding to the first data stream.

[0255] For example, please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 5 As shown, rectangles filled with blank space represent the first data stream transmitted on the frequency domain resources, rectangles filled with grid lines represent the last chip transmitted on the first frequency domain resources, and rectangles filled with slashes represent the first chip transmitted on the second frequency domain resources. It is assumed that the time domain resources corresponding to the first and second frequency domain resources are contiguous. n chips corresponding to the first data stream can be transmitted on the first frequency domain resources, where the last chip is the nth chip corresponding to the first data stream. Transmission can continue from the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip of the first data stream on the second frequency domain resources; that is, the first chip transmitted on the second frequency domain resources is either the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip of the first data stream.

[0256] Optionally, after the tag device and reader have completed transmitting the second sub-data stream on the second frequency domain resources, they may continue to transmit the first data stream repeatedly on the remaining frequency domain resources of the second frequency domain resources, or they may not transmit it repeatedly. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0257] In the above implementation, the tag device can first transmit a portion of the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource. After hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, the tag device can continue transmitting on the second frequency domain resource starting from the chip corresponding to the previously incomplete first data stream. This ensures the integrity of the data stream transmission, thereby improving the reliability and stability of communication.

[0258] In a second possible implementation, the first time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit the first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and the second time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit the second sub-data stream in the first data stream other than the first sub-data stream. The third time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit the first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and the fourth time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit the second sub-data stream in the first data stream other than the first sub-data stream.

[0259] Optionally, if the first data stream corresponds to m chips, the first sub-data stream may include n chips from the m chips, and the second sub-data stream may include mn chips other than the n chips from the m chips. Alternatively, the second sub-data stream may include mn chips from the m chips and the last chip from the n chips.

[0260] In other words, when the tag device and reader transmit data to the nth chip of the first data stream on the first time-frequency resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, they can continue transmitting from the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip that was not fully transmitted last time when they hop to the first frequency domain resource again. Similarly, when the tag device and reader transmit data to the nth chip of the first data stream on the third time-frequency resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource, they can continue transmitting from the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip that was not fully transmitted last time when they hop to the second frequency domain resource again.

[0261] It is understood that after the tag device and reader initially hop from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, they will not continue transmitting the unfinished chips from the first frequency domain resource on the second frequency domain resource, but will instead retransmit the first data stream. Furthermore, after hopping from the second frequency domain resource back to the first frequency domain resource, the tag device and reader will continue transmitting the chips that were not fully transmitted on the first frequency domain resource previously.

[0262] For example, please see Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a schematic diagram illustrating another transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 6 As shown, rectangles filled with blanks represent the first data stream transmitted on the frequency domain resources, rectangles filled with grids represent the last chip transmitted on the frequency domain resources, and rectangles filled with slashes represent the first chip transmitted on the frequency domain resources. It is assumed that the time domain resources corresponding to the first and second frequency domain resources are contiguous. Here, we will use the example of the time domain resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resource including the first and second time domain resources, and the time domain resources corresponding to the second frequency domain resource including the third and fourth time domain resources, as an example.

[0263] Combination Figure 6 The diagram shows that n chips corresponding to the first data stream can be transmitted on the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, where the last chip is the nth chip of the first data stream. On the second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, transmission can begin from the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip of the first data stream; that is, the first chip transmitted on the second time domain resource is either the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip of the first data stream. On the third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource, n chips corresponding to the first data stream can be transmitted, where the last chip is the nth chip of the first data stream. On the fourth time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, transmission can begin from the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip of the first data stream; that is, the first chip transmitted on the fourth time domain resource is either the nth chip or the (n+1)th chip of the first data stream.

[0264] Optionally, after the tag device and reader have transmitted the second sub-data stream on the second time domain resources and the fourth time domain resources, they may continue to transmit the first data stream repeatedly on the remaining time domain resources corresponding to the second time domain resources and the fourth time domain resources, or they may not transmit it repeatedly. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0265] In Scenario 2, in the first possible implementation, the first frequency domain resources can be used to transmit the first data stream and the third sub-data stream in the first data stream, and the second frequency domain resources can be used to transmit the fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream other than the third sub-data stream.

[0266] In other words, after the tag device and reader have completed transmitting the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, there are remaining frequency domain resources. The tag device and reader can continue to transmit a portion of the first data stream on the remaining frequency domain resources. Furthermore, after hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, the tag device and reader can continue to transmit the portion of the first data stream that was not fully transmitted on the first frequency domain resource.

[0267] Here, the process by which the tag device and the reader transmit a portion of the first data stream on the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources is similar to the first possible implementation described in Scenario 1 above. For details, please refer to the relevant content above, and it will not be repeated here.

[0268] For example, please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the rectangles filled with blanks represent the first data stream transmitted on the frequency domain resources. It is assumed that the time domain resources corresponding to the first and second frequency domain resources are contiguous. A complete first data stream, as well as a portion of the first data stream (i.e., ...) can be transmitted on the first frequency domain resources. Figure 7 The third sub-data stream shown in the figure can continue to transmit the uncompleted portion of the first data stream (i.e., the portion shown in the figure) on the second frequency domain resources. Figure 7 (The fourth sub-data stream shown in the image).

[0269] Optionally, after the tag device and reader have transmitted the fourth sub-data stream in the second frequency domain resources, they may continue to transmit the first data stream repeatedly in the remaining frequency domain resources of the second frequency domain resources, or they may not transmit it repeatedly. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0270] In the above implementation, after the tag device transmits the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, it can repeat the transmission of the first data stream on the remaining frequency domain resource, thus improving the utilization rate of the frequency domain resource. After frequency hopping, the tag device can continue transmitting from the first data stream that was not fully transmitted last time on the second frequency domain resource, thus ensuring the integrity of the first data stream transmission before and after frequency hopping and improving the reliability and stability of communication.

[0271] In a second possible implementation, the first time-domain resources corresponding to the first frequency-domain resources can be used to transmit the first data stream and the third sub-data stream within the first data stream, and the second time-domain resources corresponding to the first frequency-domain resources can be used to transmit the fourth sub-data stream within the first data stream, excluding the third sub-data stream. The third time-domain resources corresponding to the second frequency-domain resources can be used to transmit the first data stream and the third sub-data stream within the first data stream, and the fourth time-domain resources corresponding to the second frequency-domain resources can be used to transmit the fourth sub-data stream within the first data stream, excluding the third sub-data stream.

[0272] In other words, after the tag device and reader transmit the first data stream on the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, they can continue to repeatedly transmit portions of the first data stream. Furthermore, when hopping to the first frequency domain resource again, they can continue to transmit the portion of the first data stream that was not fully transmitted previously. Similarly, after the tag device and reader complete transmitting the first data stream on the third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource, they can continue to repeatedly transmit portions of the first data stream. Furthermore, when hopping to the second frequency domain resource again, they can continue to transmit the portion of the first data stream that was not fully transmitted previously.

[0273] Here, the process by which the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream on the first time domain resources, the second time domain resources, and the third and fourth time domain resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resources is similar to the second possible implementation described in Scenario 1 above. For details, please refer to the relevant content above, and it will not be repeated here.

[0274] Optionally, after the tag device and reader have transmitted the fourth sub-data stream on the second time domain resources and the fourth time domain resources, they may continue to transmit the first data stream repeatedly on the remaining time domain resources corresponding to the second time domain resources and the fourth time domain resources, or they may not transmit it repeatedly. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0275] It should be noted that the first and second possible implementation methods in Scenario 2 described above describe the process of repeatedly transmitting the first data stream on the remaining time-frequency resources in the time and frequency domains after transmitting the first data stream on one time-frequency resource. In a possible implementation, the tag device can determine whether to repeatedly transmit the first data stream on the remaining time-frequency resources based on its current energy storage status.

[0276] Specifically, if the remaining energy storage of the tag device is greater than or equal to a preset energy storage threshold, the first data stream can be repeatedly transmitted on the remaining time-frequency resources. If the remaining energy storage of the tag device is less than the preset energy storage threshold, the first data stream may not be repeatedly transmitted on the remaining time-frequency resources.

[0277] In a third possible implementation, the first sub-time domain resource within the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource can be used to transmit the first data stream, and the second sub-time domain resource within the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, excluding the first sub-time domain resource, can be used to charge the tag device. Similarly, the third sub-time domain resource within the third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource can be used to transmit the first data stream, and the fourth sub-time domain resource within the third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource, excluding the third sub-time domain resource, can be used to charge the tag device.

[0278] In other words, after transmitting the first data stream on a time-frequency resource, the first data stream can be transmitted again on the remaining time-frequency resources in that time-frequency resource, instead of being transmitted again, the tag device can be charged on the remaining time-frequency resources.

[0279] Optionally, the tag device can determine whether to recharge on the remaining time-frequency resources based on its current energy storage status. Specifically, if the tag device's current remaining energy storage is less than or equal to a preset energy storage threshold, it can recharge on the remaining time-frequency resources to ensure the reliability and stability of communication.

[0280] In the above implementation, after the tag device transmits the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, it can be recharged on the remaining frequency domain resources without repeating the first data stream. This ensures that the tag device has sufficient energy storage, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of communication.

[0281] In one alternative implementation, after hopping from a first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource, the reader can receive a first signal from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource. Here, the first signal can carry the aforementioned first data stream. The reader can also receive a preamble signal from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource. Further, the reader can determine the amplitude and / or phase information of the first signal based on the amplitude and / or phase information of the preamble signal, and can demodulate the first data stream based on the amplitude and / or phase information of the first signal.

[0282] Optionally, the aforementioned preamble signal can be obtained based on OOK modulation, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, or other methods, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0283] In an optional implementation, when the preamble signal is obtained based on OOK modulation, the preamble signal may include at least one high-level signal and at least one low-level signal. Specifically, the preamble signal is a signal in which high-level and low-level signals are interleaved. For example, the (2i-1)th chip may be a high-level signal, and the 2ith chip may be a low-level signal, where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. For an example, please refer to [link to example]. Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a preamble signal provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As shown, the preamble signal is located on the second frequency domain resource, and the preamble signal in the time domain is, in sequence, a high-level signal, a low-level signal, a high-level signal, and a low-level signal.

[0284] Furthermore, the reader can measure the amplitude information of the preamble signal in the second frequency domain resource based on the high-level signal and the low-level signal, and can determine the amplitude information of the preamble signal as the amplitude information of the first signal.

[0285] In another alternative implementation, where the preamble signal is obtained based on BPSK modulation, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of yet another preamble signal provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the preamble signal can be located in the second frequency domain resource, and the preamble signal can be a sinusoidal signal. Furthermore, the reader can measure the phase information of the preamble signal, which can be either phase 0 or phase π, and can determine the phase information of the preamble signal as the phase information of the first signal.

[0286] It should be noted that when the tag device transmits a preamble signal, the subcarrier spacing between the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource is usually large, for example, the subcarrier spacing can be 5MHz or more.

[0287] In the above implementation, after frequency hopping, the tag device can also send a preamble signal to the reader so that the reader can measure the amplitude signal and / or phase information of the first signal transmitted on the frequency domain resources after frequency hopping. In this way, when the reader demodulates the first signal in the future, it can perform demodulation based on the determined amplitude information and / or phase information, avoiding the problem of demodulation errors caused by incorrect identification of amplitude and / or phase during demodulation, and improving the reliability and stability of the first data stream transmission.

[0288] In this embodiment, by using frequency hopping, the tag device can transmit the first data stream on two different frequency domain resources. This achieves frequency selection gain, improves spectrum utilization, and thus enhances the transmission reliability of the first data stream. Simultaneously, since the two frequency domain resources correspond to different time domain resources, the transmit power attenuation problem caused by simultaneously transmitting the first data stream on two frequency domain resources is avoided, increasing the transmit power on each frequency domain resource and ensuring the transmission quality of the first data stream. Furthermore, it also avoids the intermodulation distortion problem caused by simultaneously transmitting the first data stream on two frequency domain resources.

[0289] For some feasible implementation methods, please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. It should be understood that step S304 can be executed after step S303. Figure 10 As shown, the method may further include step S304:

[0290] S304, the tag device hops from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at the second frequency hopping time, and sends a first data stream to the reader on the first frequency domain resource. Correspondingly, the reader hops from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at the second frequency hopping time, and receives the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource.

[0291] In some feasible implementations, after transmitting the first data stream on the second frequency domain resource, the tag device can hop from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at the second frequency hopping time, and further transmit the first data stream to the reader on the first frequency domain resource. Correspondingly, after receiving the first data stream on the second frequency domain resource, the reader can hop from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at the second frequency hopping time, and further receive the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource.

[0292] In one alternative implementation, the second frequency hopping time can be determined by the first frequency hopping time and the length of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. For example, the length of the first time domain resource can be determined based on a first parameter, which may include one or more of the following: the data volume of the first data stream, the encoding method of the first data stream, and the number of retransmissions of the first data stream.

[0293] It can be understood that the length of the time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource can be the same as the length of the time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource.

[0294] Optionally, the encoding method of the first data stream can be linear code, such as Manchester code or bi-phase space coding (FM0 coding). Alternatively, the encoding method of the first data stream can also be forward error correction (FEC) coding. This application embodiment does not limit this approach.

[0295] It should be noted that in some scenarios, due to the possibility of SFO (Single Frequency Hopping) in the tag device, to avoid insufficient time-domain resources corresponding to a frequency-domain resource during the transmission of the first data stream, the tag device can multiply the length of the first time-domain resource calculated based on the above method by a preset multiple to obtain the target length, and use this target length as the duration of the first frequency-domain resource on the first time-domain resource. The preset multiple can be a real number greater than 1, for example, 1.1. Furthermore, the tag device can determine the second frequency hopping time based on the first frequency hopping time and the target length.

[0296] In another alternative implementation, the second frequency hopping time can be determined by the first frequency hopping time and the preset duration. The preset duration can be pre-configured by the reader or agreed upon by the protocol; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0297] Here, before and after frequency hopping, the process of the tag device and reader transmitting the first data stream on the second frequency domain resources and the first frequency domain resources is similar to the process of the tag device and reader transmitting the first data stream on the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources described in step S303 above. For details, please refer to the relevant description of step S303, which will not be repeated here.

[0298] It should be noted that the preceding description refers to the transmission process of the first data stream when there are two frequency hoppings between the tag device and the reader between the first and second frequency domain resources. In actual implementation, there may be three or more frequency hoppings between the first and second frequency domain resources. The transmission process of the first data stream on the frequency domain resources before and after each frequency hopping is similar to the process described above. For details, please refer to the relevant content above, which will not be repeated here.

[0299] It should also be noted that the preceding description refers to the process of frequency hopping between two frequency domain resources by the tag device and the reader to transmit the first data stream. In actual implementation, the tag device and the reader can also hop between three or more frequency domain resources to transmit the first data stream. The specific process is similar to the process of frequency hopping between two frequency domain resources to transmit the first data stream described above. For details, please refer to the relevant content above, which will not be repeated here.

[0300] In some alternative implementations, please refer to Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. Optionally, step S305 may be executed after step S302 or after step S303, and this embodiment of the application is not limited in this respect. For ease of description, the following description assumes that step S305 is executed after step S302.

[0301] S305, the reader sends second instruction information to the tag device. Correspondingly, the tag device receives the second instruction information.

[0302] In some feasible implementations, the reader may also generate second indication information and send the second indication information to the tag device. Here, the second indication information can be used to indicate the number of frequency hopping cycles corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream. The number of frequency hopping cycles may include the number of times hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, and / or the number of times hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0303] Specifically, when the second indication information is used to indicate the number of frequency hoppings from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource and the number of frequency hoppings from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource, it can be understood that the second indication information is used to indicate the total number of frequency hoppings corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream. For example, assuming that the total number of frequency hoppings corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream indicated by the second indication information is 3 times, it can be understood that the number of frequency hoppings from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource is 2 times, and the number of frequency hoppings from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource is 1 time.

[0304] When the second indication information is used to indicate the number of times frequency hopping is performed from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, it implicitly indicates the number of times frequency hopping is performed from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource. For example, if the second indication information indicates that the number of times frequency hopping is performed from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource is 2, it implicitly indicates that the number of times frequency hopping is performed from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource is 1.

[0305] When the second indication information is used to indicate the number of times frequency hopping is performed from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource, it implicitly indicates the number of times frequency hopping is performed from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource. For example, assuming that the second indication information indicates that the number of times frequency hopping is performed from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource is 2, it implicitly indicates that the number of times frequency hopping is performed from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource is 2.

[0306] It should be noted that the total number of frequency hopping operations corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream can be determined based on the data volume of the first data stream to adapt to different data transmission requirements and ensure communication reliability. For example, when the data volume of the first data stream is small, the total number of frequency hopping operations can be 1. Or, for example, when the data volume of the first data stream is large, the total number of frequency hopping operations can be 4.

[0307] Optionally, the aforementioned second instruction information can be sent by the reader to the tag device via the first message.

[0308] Accordingly, the tag device can receive the second indication information mentioned above, and can determine the number of frequency hopping times corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream based on the second indication information.

[0309] In some alternative implementations, please refer to Figure 12 , Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. Optionally, step S306 may be executed after step S302 or after step S303, and this embodiment of the application is not limited in this respect. For ease of description, the following description assumes that step S306 is executed after step S302.

[0310] S306, the reader sends third instruction information to the tag device. Correspondingly, the tag device receives the third instruction information.

[0311] In some feasible implementations, the reader may also generate third instruction information and send the third instruction information to the tag device.

[0312] The third indication information can be used to indicate whether the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. The third indication information can also be used to indicate that when the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0313] In one alternative implementation, when the third indication information is 1 bit, it can be used to instruct the tag device and reader to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, or not to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. Alternatively, the third indication information can be used to instruct the tag device and reader, when transmitting the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, that the initial frequency hopping is from a first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource, or from a second frequency domain resource to a first frequency domain resource.

[0314] For example, suppose the third indication information can be 0 or 1. Specifically, when the third indication information is 0, it can instruct the tag device and reader to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. When the third indication information is 1, it can instruct the tag device and reader not to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. Alternatively, when the third indication information is 0, it can instruct the tag device and reader, in the case of transmitting the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, that the first frequency hopping is from a first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource. When the third indication information is 1, it can instruct the tag device and reader, in the case of transmitting the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, that the first frequency hopping is from a second frequency domain resource to a first frequency domain resource.

[0315] In another alternative implementation, when the third indication information is 2 bits, the third indication information can be used to indicate any of the following: the tag device and the reader do not transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, but use the first frequency domain resources to transmit the first data stream; or, the tag device and the reader do not transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, but use the second frequency domain resources to transmit the first data stream; or, the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, and the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resources to the second frequency domain resources; or, the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, and the first frequency hopping is from the second frequency domain resources to the first frequency domain resources.

[0316] For example, suppose the third indication information can be 00, 01, 10, or 11. Specifically, when the third indication information is 00, it can instruct the tag device and reader not to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, but to transmit the first data stream using the first frequency domain resources. When the third indication information is 01, it can instruct the tag device and reader not to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, but to transmit the first data stream using the second frequency domain resources. When the third indication information is 10, it can instruct the tag device and reader to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, and the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resources to the second frequency domain resources. When the third indication information is 11, it can instruct the tag device and reader to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, and the first frequency hopping is from the second frequency domain resources to the first frequency domain resources.

[0317] Optionally, the aforementioned third instruction information can be sent by the reader to the tag device via the first message.

[0318] Accordingly, the tag device can receive the aforementioned third indication information and determine whether it transmits the first data stream in a frequency hopping manner based on the third indication information. In the case of transmitting the first data stream in a frequency hopping manner, the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0319] In some alternative implementations, please refer to Figure 13 , Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. Optionally, step S307 may be executed after step S302 or after step S303, and this embodiment of the application is not limited in this respect. For ease of description, the following description assumes that step S307 is executed after step S302.

[0320] S307, the reader sends the fourth instruction information to the tag device. Accordingly, the tag device receives the fourth instruction information.

[0321] In some feasible implementations, the reader may also generate fourth indication information and send it to the tag device. Here, the fourth indication information can be used to indicate the identifiers of the first and second frequency domain resources, and whether the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0322] In one optional implementation, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information can be used to indicate whether the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. The bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information can be used to indicate the identification of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

[0323] Specifically, if it is determined that the number of bits in the fourth indication information is less than the preset number of bits, then it is determined that the tag device and the reader will not transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. If it is determined that the number of bits in the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bits, then it is determined that the tag device and the reader will transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0324] Optionally, the preset bit depth B1 can satisfy the following formula (1):

[0325]

[0326] In the embodiments of this application, Represented as the floor function, it is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer not less than a. N tone This indicates the number of frequency domain resources that the tag device and reader can use.

[0327] For example, suppose N tone =4, then according to formula (1) we can get

[0328] Optionally, the preset bit depth B1 can also satisfy the following formula (2):

[0329]

[0330] in, It is the formula for permutations, that is...

[0331] For example, suppose N tone =4, then according to formula (2), we can get

[0332] For example, suppose the tag device and reader have four frequency domain resources available: frequency domain resource A, frequency domain resource B, frequency domain resource C, and frequency domain resource D. These four frequency domain resources are identified as A, B, C, and D, respectively. Based on the above example, it can be seen that in N... toneThe preset bit depth calculated when the value is 4 is 4. Assume the fourth indication information includes 1010, meaning the bit depth corresponding to the fourth indication information is 4. Here, the four bits of the fourth indication information, from left to right, can indicate whether frequency domain resource A, frequency domain resource B, frequency domain resource C, and frequency domain resource D are used. A bit value of 0 indicates that the frequency domain resource is not used, and a bit value of 1 indicates that the frequency domain resource is used. Since the bit depth of the fourth indication information is 4, which is equal to the preset bit depth of 4, it can be determined that the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. Furthermore, based on the bit value of the fourth indication information, i.e., 1010, the tag device can determine that the identifier of the first frequency domain resource is A, and the identifier of the second frequency domain resource is C; that is, the first frequency domain resource is frequency domain resource A, and the second frequency domain resource is frequency domain resource C.

[0333] In another optional implementation, the fourth indication information may include a first sub-indication information and a second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information can be used to indicate the identifier of the first frequency domain resource and that the first frequency domain resource for transmitting the first data stream is the first frequency domain resource. The second sub-indication information can be used to indicate whether the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. Specifically, the second sub-indication information can be 1 bit. For example, when the second sub-indication information is 0, it can indicate that the tag device and the reader do not transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner. When the second sub-indication information is 1, it can indicate that the tag device and the reader transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0334] For example, suppose the tag device and reader can use four frequency domain resources: frequency domain resource A, frequency domain resource B, frequency domain resource C, and frequency domain resource D, identified as A, B, C, and D, respectively. Assume the fourth indication information includes a first sub-indication of 1000 and a second sub-indication of 1. Here, the four bits of the fourth indication information, from left to right, can indicate whether frequency domain resource A, frequency domain resource B, frequency domain resource C, and frequency domain resource D are used. A bit value of 0 indicates that the frequency domain resource is not used, and a bit value of 1 indicates that the frequency domain resource is used. Specifically, the first sub-indication of 1000 can be used to indicate that the identifier of the first frequency domain resource is A, i.e., the first frequency domain resource is frequency domain resource A. The second sub-indication can be used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0335] Optionally, the number of bits B2 corresponding to the fourth indication information can satisfy the following formula (3):

[0336]

[0337] It is understood that since only the first frequency domain resource is determined through the aforementioned fourth indication information, there is an implicit requirement that the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource have a corresponding relationship. In possible scenarios, the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource can be frequency domain resources on both sides of a frequency band, or there can be a certain number of frequency domain resources between the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

[0338] Optionally, when there is a certain number of frequency domain resources between the first and second frequency domain resources, the second frequency domain resources can be determined based on the first frequency domain resources and a preset number of frequency domain resource intervals. The preset number of frequency domain resource intervals can be pre-configured by the reader or predefined by the protocol; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0339] Optionally, the aforementioned fourth instruction information can be sent by the reader to the tag device via the first message.

[0340] Accordingly, the tag device can receive the aforementioned fourth indication information and determine whether it transmits the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner based on the fourth indication information, as well as the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources used for frequency-hopping transmission.

[0341] It should be noted that, in possible scenarios, the aforementioned second, third, and fourth indication information can be sent to the tag device in combination with the aforementioned first message, or only any one of the above three can be sent. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0342] For some feasible implementation methods, please refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating yet another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. It should be understood that this method is applicable to... Figure 2 The communication system shown. Optionally, steps S308 and S309 can be performed before step S303.

[0343] like Figure 14 As shown, the communication method may further include the following steps:

[0344] S308, the reader sends first indication information to the carrier node. Correspondingly, the carrier node receives the first indication information.

[0345] In some feasible implementations, after receiving the first data stream on the first frequency domain resource, the reader can generate first indication information and send the first indication information to the carrier node. The first indication information can be used to indicate the first frequency hopping time.

[0346] Here, the process of the reader sending the first indication information to the carrier node is similar to the process of the reader sending the first indication information to the tag device as described in step S302 above. For details, please refer to the relevant content of step S302 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0347] Accordingly, the carrier node can receive the first indication information and determine the first frequency hopping time based on the first indication information.

[0348] S309, the carrier node sends the carrier signal corresponding to the second frequency domain resource to the tag device at the first frequency hopping time.

[0349] In some feasible implementations, after receiving the first indication information, the carrier node can send a carrier signal corresponding to the second frequency domain resource to the tag device at the first frequency hopping time indicated by the first indication information, so that the tag device can modulate the carrier signal to obtain the first signal. Here, the first signal can carry the aforementioned first data stream.

[0350] It should be noted that regardless of whether the carrier node and the reader are located in the same device, the carrier node can send the carrier signal corresponding to the second frequency domain resource to the tag device at the first frequency hopping time according to the first indication information mentioned above.

[0351] Optionally, if the carrier node and the reader are not located in the same device, the carrier node can also receive second indication information from the reader. Furthermore, the carrier node can determine the frequency hopping time corresponding to each subsequent frequency hopping based on the number of frequency hoppings indicated by the second indication information and the length of the first time-frequency resource, and send the carrier signal of the frequency domain resource to the tag device at the corresponding frequency hopping time.

[0352] Optionally, when the carrier node and the reader are located in the same device, the carrier node can also determine the frequency hopping time based on the reader's reception status, and send the carrier signal corresponding to the frequency domain resource to the tag device at that frequency hopping time. Specifically, when the carrier node determines that the reader has received a complete first data stream, it can determine the time corresponding to the completion of the first data stream reception as the frequency hopping time, and send the carrier signal corresponding to the frequency domain resource at the determined frequency hopping time. For example, assuming the first data stream corresponds to 60 chips, the carrier node can send the carrier signal corresponding to the frequency domain resource after frequency hopping when it determines that the reader has received 60 chips.

[0353] In some feasible implementations, the reader may also send the aforementioned third or fourth indication information to the carrier node. Accordingly, upon receiving the third or fourth indication information, the carrier node can determine, based on the third indication information, whether to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, and whether the initial frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource. Alternatively, it can determine, based on the fourth indication information, whether to transmit the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, and the identifiers of the first and second frequency domain resources.

[0354] Here, the process by which the carrier node receives the third or fourth indication information is similar to the process by which the tag device receives the third or fourth indication information as described in steps S306 and S307 above. For details, please refer to the relevant descriptions above, which will not be repeated here.

[0355] It should be noted that the preceding description refers to the case where the communication system includes two frequency domain resources available for frequency hopping. In actual implementation, the communication system may include three or more frequency domain resources available for frequency hopping. The process by which the tag device and reader transmit the first data stream on these three or more frequency domain resources is similar to the process described above for transmitting the first data stream on two frequency domain resources available for frequency hopping. For details, please refer to the relevant content above, which will not be repeated here.

[0356] The above, combined with Figures 3 to 14 The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application is described in detail below. Figure 15 and Figure 16 The communication device provided in the embodiments of this application is described in detail. It should be understood that the description of the embodiments of the communication device corresponds to the description of the embodiments of the communication method; therefore, any parts not described in detail can be referred to the foregoing method embodiments.

[0357] Please see Figure 15 , Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the communication device 150 may include a transceiver unit 151 and a processing unit 152.

[0358] In some feasible implementations, the communication device 150 may correspond to the tag device described above, or to a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the tag device.

[0359] In a specific implementation, transceiver unit 151 is used to send a first data stream to the reader on the first frequency domain resource. Transceiver unit 151 is also used to receive first indication information from the reader. Here, the first indication information indicates the first frequency hopping time. Processing unit 152 is used to hop from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time. Here, the time domain resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource are different. Transceiver unit 151 is also used to send the first data stream to the reader on the second frequency domain resource.

[0360] In one possible implementation, the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources are respectively used to transmit all or part of the first data stream.

[0361] In one possible implementation, a first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a first sub-data stream, and a second frequency domain resource is used to transmit a second sub-data stream. If the first data stream corresponds to m chips, the first sub-data stream includes n chips out of the m chips. The second sub-data stream includes mn chips (excluding n chips) out of the m chips, or, the second sub-data stream includes mn chips (excluding n chips) out of the m chips, plus the last chip out of the n chips. Here, m and n are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0362] In one possible implementation, the first time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource is used to transmit the first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and the second time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource is used to transmit the second sub-data stream in the first data stream other than the first sub-data stream. The third time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource is used to transmit the first sub-data stream, and the fourth time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource is used to transmit the second sub-data stream.

[0363] In one possible implementation, the first frequency domain resources are used to transmit a first data stream and a third sub-data stream within the first data stream. The second frequency domain resources are used to transmit a fourth sub-data stream within the first data stream, excluding the third sub-data stream.

[0364] In one possible implementation, if the current remaining energy storage of the tag device is greater than or equal to a preset energy storage threshold, the first frequency domain resources are used to transmit the third sub-data stream.

[0365] In one possible implementation, the first time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit the first data stream and a third sub-data stream within the first data stream. The second time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, excluding the third sub-data stream. The third time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit the first data stream and a third sub-data stream within the first data stream, and the fourth time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, excluding the third sub-data stream.

[0366] In one possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource and the first sub-time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource are used to transmit the first data stream. The first frequency domain resource and the second sub-time domain resource other than the first sub-time domain resource are used to charge the tag device.

[0367] In one possible implementation, if the current remaining energy storage of the tag device is less than a preset energy storage threshold, the second sub-time domain resource is used to charge the tag device.

[0368] In one possible implementation, the first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the start time of the fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the start time of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0369] In one possible implementation, processing unit 152 is further configured to hop from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at the second frequency hopping time. Here, the second frequency hopping time is determined by the first frequency hopping time and the length of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. The length of the first time domain resource is determined based on a first parameter, which includes one or more of the following: the data volume of the first data stream, the encoding method of the first data stream, and the number of retransmissions of the first data stream. Transceiver unit 151 is further configured to send the first data stream to the reader on the first frequency domain resource.

[0370] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive second indication information from the reader. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate the number of frequency hopping operations corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream. The number of frequency hopping operations includes the number of times hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, and / or the number of times hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0371] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive third indication information from the reader. Here, the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. The third indication information is also used to indicate that, in the case of transmitting the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, the first frequency hopping is from a first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource or from a second frequency domain resource to a first frequency domain resource.

[0372] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive fourth indication information from the reader. Here, the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identifiers of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0373] In one possible implementation, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. The bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identifiers of the first and second frequency domain resources.

[0374] In one possible implementation, if the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is less than the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. If the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0375] In one possible implementation, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0376]

[0377] In the embodiments of this application, Represented as the floor function, it is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer not less than a. N tone This indicates the number of frequency domain resources that the tag device and reader can use.

[0378] In one possible implementation, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0379]

[0380] in, It is the formula for permutations, that is...

[0381] In one possible implementation, the fourth indication information includes a first sub-indication information and a second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the first frequency domain resource and that the first frequency domain resource for transmitting the first data stream is the first frequency domain resource. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset number of frequency domain resource intervals.

[0382] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to send a preamble signal to the reader. Here, the preamble signal is used to determine the amplitude and / or phase information of a first signal, which carries a first data stream.

[0383] In some feasible implementations, the communication device 150 may correspond to the reader described above, or to a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the reader.

[0384] In a specific implementation, transceiver unit 151 is configured to receive a first data stream from the tag device on a first frequency domain resource. Transceiver unit 151 is also configured to send first indication information to the tag device and / or carrier node. Here, the first indication information indicates a first frequency hopping time. Processing unit 152 is configured to hop from the first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time. Here, the time domain resources corresponding to the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource are different. Transceiver unit 151 is also configured to receive the first data stream from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource.

[0385] In one possible implementation, the first frequency domain resources and the second frequency domain resources are respectively used to transmit all or part of the first data stream.

[0386] In one possible implementation, a first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a first sub-data stream, and a second frequency domain resource is used to transmit a second sub-data stream. If the first data stream corresponds to m chips, the first sub-data stream includes n chips out of the m chips. The second sub-data stream includes mn chips (excluding n chips) out of the m chips, or, the second sub-data stream includes mn chips (excluding n chips) out of the m chips, plus the last chip out of the n chips. Here, m and n are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0387] In one possible implementation, the first time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource is used to transmit the first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and the second time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource is used to transmit the second sub-data stream in the first data stream other than the first sub-data stream. The third time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource is used to transmit the first sub-data stream, and the fourth time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource is used to transmit the second sub-data stream.

[0388] In one possible implementation, the first frequency domain resources are used to transmit a first data stream and a third sub-data stream within the first data stream. The second frequency domain resources are used to transmit a fourth sub-data stream within the first data stream, excluding the third sub-data stream.

[0389] In one possible implementation, if the current remaining energy storage of the tag device is greater than or equal to a preset energy storage threshold, the first frequency domain resources are used to transmit the third sub-data stream.

[0390] In one possible implementation, the first time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit the first data stream and a third sub-data stream within the first data stream. The second time-domain resource corresponding to the first frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, excluding the third sub-data stream. The third time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit the first data stream and a third sub-data stream within the first data stream, and the fourth time-domain resource corresponding to the second frequency-domain resource can be used to transmit a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, excluding the third sub-data stream.

[0391] In one possible implementation, the first frequency domain resource and the first sub-time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource are used to transmit the first data stream. The first frequency domain resource and the second sub-time domain resource other than the first sub-time domain resource are used to charge the tag device.

[0392] In one possible implementation, if the current remaining energy storage of the tag device is less than a preset energy storage threshold, the second sub-time domain resource is used to charge the tag device.

[0393] In one possible implementation, the first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the start time of the fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the start time of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0394] In one possible implementation, processing unit 152 is further configured to hop from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at the second frequency hopping time. Here, the second frequency hopping time is determined by the first frequency hopping time and the length of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. The length of the first time domain resource is determined based on a first parameter, which includes one or more of the following: the data volume of the first data stream, the encoding method of the first data stream, and the number of retransmissions of the first data stream. Transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive the first data stream from the tag device on the first frequency domain resource.

[0395] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to send second indication information to the tag device and / or carrier node. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate the number of frequency hopping operations corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream. The number of frequency hopping operations includes the number of times hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, and / or the number of times hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0396] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to send third indication information to the tag device and / or carrier node. Here, the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. The third indication information is also used to indicate that, in the case of transmitting the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, the initial frequency hopping is from a first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource or from a second frequency domain resource to a first frequency domain resource.

[0397] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to send fourth indication information to the tag device and / or carrier node. Here, the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identifiers of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0398] In one possible implementation, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. The bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identifiers of the first and second frequency domain resources.

[0399] In one possible implementation, if the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is less than the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. If the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0400] In one possible implementation, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0401]

[0402] In the embodiments of this application, Represented as the floor function, it is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer not less than a. N tone This indicates the number of frequency domain resources that the tag device and reader can use.

[0403] In one possible implementation, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0404]

[0405] in, It is the formula for permutations, that is...

[0406] In one possible implementation, the fourth indication information includes a first sub-indication information and a second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the first frequency domain resource and that the first frequency domain resource for transmitting the first data stream is the first frequency domain resource. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset number of frequency domain resource intervals.

[0407] In one possible implementation, transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive a first signal from the tag device on a second frequency domain resource. Here, the first signal carries a first data stream. Transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive a preamble signal from the tag device. Processing unit 152 is further configured to determine the amplitude information and / or phase information of the first signal based on the amplitude information and / or phase information of the preamble signal. Processing unit 152 is further configured to demodulate the first signal based on the amplitude information and / or phase information to obtain the first data stream.

[0408] In some feasible implementations, the communication device 150 may correspond to the carrier node mentioned above, or to a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the carrier node.

[0409] In its specific implementation, transceiver unit 151 transmits a carrier signal corresponding to the first frequency domain resource. Transceiver unit 151 is also configured to receive first indication information from the reader. Here, the first indication information indicates the first frequency hopping time. Transceiver unit 151 is further configured to transmit a carrier signal corresponding to the second frequency domain resource to the tag device at the first frequency hopping time.

[0410] In one possible implementation, the first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the start time of the fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and the start time of the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

[0411] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive second indication information from the reader. Here, the second indication information is used to indicate the number of frequency hopping operations corresponding to the transmission process of the first data stream. The number of frequency hopping operations includes the number of times hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource, and / or the number of times hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

[0412] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive third indication information from the reader. Here, the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. The third indication information is also used to indicate that, in the case of transmitting the first data stream in a frequency-hopping manner, the first frequency hopping is from a first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource or from a second frequency domain resource to a first frequency domain resource.

[0413] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is further configured to receive fourth indication information from the reader. Here, the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identifiers of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0414] In one possible implementation, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. The bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identifiers of the first and second frequency domain resources.

[0415] In one possible implementation, if the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is less than the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is not transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner. If the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is greater than or equal to the preset number of bits, the number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate that the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner.

[0416] In one possible implementation, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0417]

[0418] In the embodiments of this application, Represented as the floor function, it is used to map a real number a to the smallest integer not less than a. N tone This indicates the number of frequency domain resources that the tag device and reader can use.

[0419] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in one possible implementation, the preset number of bits satisfies the following formula:

[0420]

[0421] in, It is the formula for permutations, that is...

[0422] In one possible implementation, the fourth indication information includes a first sub-indication information and a second sub-indication information. The first sub-indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the first frequency domain resource and that the first frequency domain resource for transmitting the first data stream is the first frequency domain resource. The second sub-indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner, and the second frequency domain resource is determined based on the first frequency domain resource and a preset number of frequency domain resource intervals.

[0423] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 151 is also configured to send a carrier signal corresponding to the first frequency domain resource to the tag device at the second frequency hopping time.

[0424] Please see Figure 16 , Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device 160 can be used to implement the operations performed by the first device, the second device, or the sensing device in the above embodiments; alternatively, the communication device 160 can be the first device, the second device, or the sensing device described above. The communication device 160 includes: a processor 161, a memory 162, and a bus system 163.

[0425] Memory 162 includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). Memory 162 is used to store related instructions and data. Memory 162 stores executable modules or data structures, or subsets thereof, or extended sets thereof:

[0426] Operation instructions: This includes various operation instructions used to perform various operations.

[0427] Operating system: includes various system programs used to implement various basic business functions and handle hardware-based tasks.

[0428] Figure 16 Only one memory is shown in the image; of course, multiple memory can be configured as needed.

[0429] In one possible implementation, the communication device 160 may include only the processor 161 and the bus system 163, that is, it may exclude the memory 162.

[0430] The communication device 160 may further include a transceiver 164. The transceiver 164 may be a communication module or a transceiver circuit. In the embodiments of this application, the transceiver 164 is used to perform the message sending and receiving operations described in the above embodiments.

[0431] Processor 161 may be configured with at least one, specifically it may be a controller, central processing unit (CPU), general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardware component, or any combination thereof. Processor 161 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as including one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of DSP and microprocessor, etc.

[0432] In specific applications, the various components of the communication device 160 are coupled together through a bus system 163. This bus system 163 includes not only a data bus but may also include a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for clarity, in... Figure 16 The various buses are all labeled as Bus System 163. For ease of representation, Figure 16 The image shown is only schematic.

[0433] In specific implementation, the communication device 160 can execute the steps of the method performed by the first device, the second device, or the sensing device in the above embodiments. Specifically, when the communication device 160 is used to implement the various steps performed by the first device, the second device, or the sensing device in the communication method provided in the embodiments, the processor 161 can implement the function of the processing unit 152, and the transceiver 164 can implement the function of the transceiver unit 151.

[0434] It should be noted that in practical applications, the processor in the embodiments of this application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor can be a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above methods.

[0435] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), EPROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be RAM, which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory described in the embodiments of this application is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0436] This application also provides a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a computer, implements the method steps performed by the tag device, reader, or carrier node in the above embodiments.

[0437] This application also provides a computer program product that, when executed by a computer, implements the method steps performed by the tag device, reader, or carrier node in the above embodiments.

[0438] This application also provides a chip including at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to execute computer execution instructions to cause a device on which the chip is mounted to perform the method steps performed by the tag device, reader, or carrier node in the above embodiments.

[0439] Optionally, the chip may also include interface circuitry. This interface circuitry is used to receive computer execution instructions and transmit them to the processor.

[0440] This application also provides a chip system including a processor for supporting the implementation of the method steps performed by the tag device, reader, or carrier node in the above embodiments, such as generating or processing data and / or information involved in the above methods. In one possible design, the chip system further includes a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary for the data transmitting device. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0441] Optionally, the chip system may also include interface circuitry. This interface circuitry can be used to receive computer-executed instructions and transmit them to the processor.

[0442] Please see Figure 17 , Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device 170 may include a processor 171 and an interface circuit 172. The interface circuit 172 can be used to receive signals from other communication devices besides the communication device 170 and transmit them to the processor 171, or to send signals from the processor 171 to other communication devices besides the communication device 170. The processor 171 can be used to execute computer programs or instructions through logic circuits to implement the communication method described in the preceding embodiments.

[0443] In some possible designs, the communication device 170 may be the tag device described above, or a device including the tag device described above, or a device contained in the tag device described above, such as a chip system. The communication device 170 may also be the reader described above, or a device of the reader described above, or a device contained in the reader described above, such as a chip system. The communication device 170 may also be the carrier node described above, or a device of the carrier node described above, or a device contained in the carrier node described above, such as a chip system.

[0444] This application also provides a communication system, which includes at least the tag device and reader described above. The tag device and reader work together to implement the communication method described in the preceding embodiments.

[0445] This application also provides a communication system that includes at least the tag device, reader, and carrier node described above. The tag device, reader, and carrier node work together to implement the communication method described in the preceding embodiments.

[0446] In the above method embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., digital video disc (DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0447] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0448] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

[0449] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: The method comprises: sending a first data stream to a reader on a first frequency domain resource; receiving first indication information from the reader, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate a first frequency hopping time; hopping from the first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time, wherein the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource correspond to different time domain resources; sending the first data stream to the reader on the second frequency domain resource.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a first sub-data stream, and the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit a second sub-data stream, wherein the first data stream corresponds to m chips, and m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The first sub-data stream includes n chips in the m chips, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The second sub-data stream includes m-n chips in the m chips excluding the n chips, or the second sub-data stream includes m-n chips in the m chips excluding the n chips and the last chip in the n chips.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and the second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a second sub-data stream in the first data stream excluding the first sub-data stream; The third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit the first sub-data stream, and the fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit the second sub-data stream.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first frequency domain resource is used to transmit the first data stream and a third sub-data stream in the first data stream; The second frequency domain resource is used to transmit a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream excluding the third sub-data stream.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first frequency domain resource and a first sub-time domain resource in the first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource are used to transmit the first data stream; The first frequency domain resource and a second sub-time domain resource in the first time domain resource excluding the first sub-time domain resource are used to charge the tag device.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a fifth time domain resource corresponding to a first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and an end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method further comprises: hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at a second frequency hopping time, wherein the second frequency hopping time is determined by the first frequency hopping time and a length of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, and the length of the first time domain resource is determined based on a first parameter, wherein the first parameter includes one or more of a data amount of the first data stream, an encoding mode of the first data stream, and a retransmission number of the first data stream; sending the first data stream to the reader on the first frequency domain resource.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method further comprises: receiving second indication information from the reader, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate a frequency hopping number corresponding to a transmission process of the first data stream, the frequency hopping number including a number of frequency hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource and / or a number of frequency hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: receiving third indication information from the reader, wherein the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the third indication information is further used to indicate that, in the case that the first data stream is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner, the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: receiving fourth indication information from the reader, wherein the fourth indication information is used to indicate identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, A number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner; A bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The method further includes: sending a preamble signal to the reader, wherein the preamble signal is used to determine amplitude information and / or phase information of a first signal, and the first signal carries the first data stream.

13. A method of communication, comprising: The method includes: receiving a first data stream from a tag device on a first frequency domain resource; sending first indication information to the tag device, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate a first frequency hopping time; frequency hopping from the first frequency domain resource to a second frequency domain resource at the first frequency hopping time, wherein the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource correspond to different time domain resources; receiving the first data stream from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, The first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a first sub-data stream, and the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit a second sub-data stream, and the first data stream corresponds to m chips, m being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The first sub-data stream includes n chips in the m chips, n being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The second sub-data stream includes m-n chips in the m chips other than the n chips, or the second sub-data stream includes m-n chips in the m chips other than the n chips and a last chip in the n chips.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein, A first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a first sub-data stream in the first data stream, and a second time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource is used to transmit a second sub-data stream in the first data stream other than the first sub-data stream; A third time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit the first sub-data stream, and a fourth time domain resource corresponding to the second frequency domain resource is used to transmit the second sub-data stream.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein, The first frequency domain resource is used for transmitting the first data stream and a third sub-data stream in the first data stream. The second frequency domain resource is used for transmitting a fourth sub-data stream in the first data stream, except the third sub-data stream.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein, The first frequency domain resource and a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource are used for transmitting the first data stream. A second time domain resource, except the first time domain resource, in the first time domain resource is used for charging a tag device.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13-17, characterized by, The first indication information includes a first time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a fifth time domain resource corresponding to the first message, a second time interval between the first frequency hopping time and an end time of the fifth time domain resource, or a third time interval between the first frequency hopping time and a start time of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource.

19. The method according to any of claims 13-18, characterized by, The method further includes: hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource at a second frequency hopping time, wherein the second frequency hopping time is determined by the first frequency hopping time and a length of a first time domain resource corresponding to the first frequency domain resource, and the length of the first time domain resource is determined based on a first parameter, and the first parameter includes one or more of a data amount of the first data stream, an encoding mode of the first data stream, and a retransmission number of the first data stream; receiving the first data stream from the tag device on the first frequency domain resource.

20. The method according to any one of claims 13-19, characterized by, The method further includes: sending second indication information to the tag device, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate a frequency hopping number corresponding to a transmission process of the first data stream, and the frequency hopping number includes a number of times of hopping from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource and / or a number of times of hopping from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13-20, characterized in that, The method further includes: sending third indication information to the tag device, wherein the third indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the third indication information is further used to indicate that, in the case of transmitting the first data stream in the frequency hopping manner, the first frequency hopping is from the first frequency domain resource to the second frequency domain resource or from the second frequency domain resource to the first frequency domain resource.

22. The method according to any one of claims 13-21, characterized by, The method further includes: sending fourth indication information to the tag device, wherein the fourth indication information is used to indicate identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource, and whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein, A number of bits corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate whether the first data stream is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. A bit value corresponding to the fourth indication information is used to indicate the identities of the first frequency domain resource and the second frequency domain resource.

24. The method according to any one of claims 13-23, characterized in that, Receiving the first data stream from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource includes: receiving a first signal from the tag device on the second frequency domain resource, wherein the first signal carries the first data stream; receiving a preamble signal from the tag device; determining amplitude information and / or phase information of the first signal according to the amplitude information and / or the phase information of the preamble signal; demodulating based on the amplitude information and / or the phase information of the first signal to obtain the first data stream.

25. A communications device, characterized by The communication device is configured to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 1-12, or the communication method according to any one of claims 13-24.

26. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed, implements the communication method according to any one of claims 1-12, or the communication method according to any one of claims 13-24.

27. A chip system, characterized by comprising a processor; The processor is configured to execute computer-executed instructions to cause a device installed with the chip system to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 1-12, or the communication method according to any one of claims 13-24.

28. The chip system of claim 27, wherein, The chip system further comprises an interface circuit configured to receive the computer-executed instructions and transmit to the processor.

29. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer program product is configured to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 1-12, or the communication method according to any one of claims 13-24.

30. A communications device, characterized by comprising at least one processor configured to execute a computer program stored in a memory to cause the communication device to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 1-12, or the communication method according to any one of claims 13-24.

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