Compact forming granulation equipment for preparing fuel particles from solid wastes

Abstract

The invention discloses compact forming granulation equipment for preparing fuel particles from solid waste, and the compact forming granulation equipment comprises a shell, a rack, a feeding system, a forming device and a discharging system, the forming device comprises a first compression device and a second compression device which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the first compression device and the second compression device are arranged, so that the fuel particles are compressed, and the fuel particles are formed. By means of the multi-stage compression device, graded compression and gradient compression of materials are achieved, loose materials are stably conveyed and preliminarily compacted through the pre-pressing shaft, a large amount of air and moisture are discharged, compact pre-pressed materials are formed, the problem that the materials are loose in the single-stage compression process is effectively solved, and therefore the forming quality and efficiency are remarkably improved; through the accurate alignment design of the pre-pressing discharging port and the working area of the inner ring of the forming die, the pre-pressing material is immediately and directly fed into the high-pressure roller gap between the pressing roller and the die to be finally formed, the material flowing path is optimized, the blocking possibility is reduced, meanwhile, the uniformity of the internal density of particles is guaranteed, and the risk of crack generation is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pellet mill technology, and more specifically to a dense forming pelletizing device for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] A biomass pellet machine is a biomass energy pretreatment equipment. It mainly uses agricultural and forestry processing waste such as wood chips, straw, rice husks, and bark as raw materials, and solidifies them into high-density pellet fuel through pretreatment and processing. Currently, most mainstream solid waste molding equipment on the market adopts single-stage compression molding technology. The most representative of these is the ring die roller molding machine. Its basic working principle is as follows: the crushed material is directly fed into the inner cavity of a high-speed rotating ring die through the feeding system. The pressure roller installed inside the die rotates synchronously under the drive mechanism. Due to the narrow gap between the pressure roller and the inner wall of the die, the material is instantly captured and forcibly squeezed in this gap, and then pressed into the densely packed holes on the circumference of the die. After being extruded, it is cut by a cutter to form granules.

[0003] However, for solid waste with complex composition, high fiber content and high elasticity, single-stage compression often has the following defects: insufficient pre-compression before the material enters the high-pressure zone, resulting in uneven feeding and easy blockage; excessive compression ratio in one stage, high energy consumption, and uneven density inside the particles, which can easily cause cracks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical deficiencies in the background technology, this invention proposes a dense molding and granulation device for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste, which solves the aforementioned technical problems and meets practical needs. The specific technical solution is as follows: A dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste includes a shell, a frame, a feeding system, a molding device, and a discharging system. The frame is fixed to the bottom of the shell, the feeding system is located above the shell, the molding device is located inside the shell, and the discharging system is located on the side of the shell. The forming device includes a first compression device and a second compression device arranged sequentially from top to bottom; The first compression device includes a vertically arranged pre-compression mold, a pre-compression shaft installed in the pre-compression mold, and a first drive mechanism for driving the pre-compression shaft; the bottom of the pre-compression mold has a pre-compression discharge port; The second compression device includes a fixed annular forming mold and at least one pressure roller disposed in the inner ring of the forming mold. The pressure roller is mounted around a rotatable main shaft and is driven by a second drive mechanism. The outlet end of the pre-compression discharge port is positioned directly opposite and adjacent to the inner working surface of the forming mold, so that the pre-compression material extruded from the pre-compression discharge port can directly enter the compression roller gap between the outer surface of the pressure roller and the inner working surface of the forming mold.

[0005] As an improvement to the above solution, the feeding system includes a feeding hopper and a horizontal feeding screw. The feeding hopper is located on the top of the housing. The discharge end of the horizontal feeding screw is aligned with the feeding hopper. The discharge end of the horizontal feeding screw is connected to the inlet of the feeding hopper through a feeding connecting sleeve.

[0006] As an improvement to the above solution, the outer shell is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber along the pre-compression mold, the first compression device is disposed in the first chamber, and the second compression device is disposed in the second chamber.

[0007] As an improvement to the above solution, the first driving mechanism includes a first driving motor and a baffle plate disposed above the first driving motor. The first chamber is provided with a bracket for fixing the first driving motor, and the output shaft of the first driving motor is connected to the top end of the preload shaft.

[0008] As an improvement to the above solution, a pre-pressure roller is fitted on the outer surface of the pre-pressure shaft, and several pre-pressure blades are arranged around the outer surface of the pre-pressure roller. The pre-pressure blades rotate with the rotation of the pre-pressure shaft to realize the spiral pressing of the material.

[0009] As an improvement to the above solution, the second drive mechanism includes a second drive motor and a reducer, and the output shaft of the second drive motor is connected to one end of the main shaft through the reducer.

[0010] As an improvement to the above solution, a rotating base is fitted on the main shaft, the axis of the rotating base is aligned with the main shaft, and three pressure rollers are provided on the outer edge of the rotating base. A pressure roller shaft and a bearing are provided at the axis of the pressure rollers, the end of the pressure roller shaft is connected to the rotating base, and the outer edge of the pressure roller abuts against the inner surface of the forming mold.

[0011] As an improvement to the above solution, the discharge system includes an annular slide rail disposed on the outer surface of the molding die, and a plurality of particle scrapers fixed on the end face of the annular slide rail.

[0012] As an improvement to the above solution, the discharge system further includes a third drive mechanism and a gear disposed at the output end of the third drive mechanism. The inner surface of the annular slide rail is provided with an internal tooth surface. The third drive mechanism drives the annular slide rail to rotate by engaging with the inner side of the annular slide rail through the gear.

[0013] As an improvement to the above solution, the pre-pressing mold and the forming mold are fixed to the inner side of the outer shell by a support member, and the axis of the pre-pressing outlet is aligned with the inner working area of ​​the forming mold.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting up a first compression device and a second compression device, graded compression of materials is achieved, realizing gradient compression. The loose material is stably conveyed and initially compacted through the pre-compression shaft, expelling a large amount of air and moisture to form a dense pre-compression material. This effectively solves the problem of material looseness during single-stage compression, thereby significantly improving molding quality and efficiency. The precise alignment design between the pre-compression outlet and the inner working area of ​​the molding die allows the pre-compression material to be directly fed into the high-pressure roller gap between the pressure roller and the die for final molding, optimizing the material flow path, reducing the possibility of blockage, and ensuring the uniformity of particle internal density, thus reducing the risk of crack formation. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the granulation equipment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the granulation equipment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-compression mold structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the molding die structure of the present invention.

[0020] The components include: outer shell 1, first chamber 11, second chamber 12, frame 2, feeding system 3, feeding hopper 31, horizontal feeding screw 32, unloading connecting sleeve 33, first compression device 4, pre-compression mold 41, pre-compression shaft 42, pre-compression roller 43, pre-compression blade 44, first drive mechanism 45, first drive motor 451, baffle plate 452, bracket 453, pre-compression outlet 46, second compression device 5, forming mold 51, main shaft 52, pressure roller 53, rotating base 54, pressure roller shaft 55, bearing 56, second drive mechanism 57, second drive motor 571, reducer 572, discharge system 6, annular slide rail 61, particle scraper 62, third drive mechanism 7, gear 71, internal tooth surface 72, and support component 8. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and related examples. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following examples, and the present invention relates to the relevant necessary components in this technical field, which should be regarded as well-known technology in this technical field and can be known and mastered by those skilled in this technical field.

[0022] A dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste includes a shell 1, a frame 2, a feeding system 3, a molding device, and a discharge system 6. The frame 2 is fixed to the bottom of the shell 1, the feeding system 3 is located above the shell 1, the molding device is provided inside the shell 1, and the discharge system 6 is provided on the side of the shell 1. It should be noted that during the operation of the molding device, the material enters the equipment through the feeding system 3. Specifically, after being pushed by the horizontal feeding screw 32, it falls evenly into the pre-compression mold 41 of the equipment. The loose material is gradually compacted by the first compression device 4 pushing it downward through the spiral action of the pre-compression blades 44. At the bottom of the pre-compression mold 41, the material is further compressed and extruded through the pre-compression outlet 46 to form a pre-compression material with a certain density.

[0023] Subsequently, the pre-compressed material falls directly into the working area of ​​the second compression device 5. In the second compression device 5, the second drive mechanism 57 drives the main shaft 52 to drive the rotating base 54 and the pressure roller 53 to rotate at high speed. A high pressure roller gap is formed between the pressure roller 53 and the inner ring of the annular forming mold 51. The pre-compressed material is subjected to strong extrusion and shearing forces in this area and is gradually pressed into the forming hole on the side of the forming mold 51 to complete the final compaction. After preliminary treatment, the pre-compressed material can significantly reduce the risk of clogging the forming hole and improve the forming quality of the particles during the compaction stage.

[0024] The annular slide rail 61 of the discharge system 6 rotates under the drive of the third drive mechanism 7, causing the particle scraper 62 to move along the outer surface of the forming mold 51, so as to scrape off the extruded particles in time and discharge them out of the equipment, thus avoiding the accumulation of particles from affecting the operation of the equipment.

[0025] In the technical solution of the feeding system 3, the feeding system 3 includes a feeding hopper 31 and a horizontal feeding screw 32. The feeding hopper 31 is provided on the top of the outer shell 1. The discharge end of the horizontal feeding screw 32 is aligned with the feeding hopper 31. The discharge end of the horizontal feeding screw 32 is connected to the inlet of the feeding hopper 31 through a discharge connecting sleeve 33. The discharge connecting sleeve 33 can reduce the dust flying when the material enters the feeding hopper 31.

[0026] The molding device includes a first compression device 4 and a second compression device 5 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The outer shell 1 is divided along the pre-compression mold 41 to form a first chamber 11 and a second chamber 12. The first compression device 4 is disposed in the first chamber 11, and the second compression device 5 is disposed in the second chamber 12. The first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12 are sealed and isolated by the outer shell 1, ensuring that the materials complete the corresponding compression process in their respective chambers and avoiding process disruptions caused by material leakage. The pre-compression mold 41 in the first chamber 11 and the molding mold 51 in the second chamber 12 are seamlessly connected in space by cooperating with the outer shell 1, thereby ensuring that the pre-compressed material can enter the next stage of compaction molding process efficiently and stably.

[0027] In the technical solution of the first compression device 4, the first compression device 4 includes a vertically arranged pre-compression mold 41, a pre-compression shaft 42 installed in the pre-compression mold 41, and a first drive mechanism 45 for driving the pre-compression shaft 42; a pre-compression discharge port 46 is provided at the bottom of the pre-compression mold 41. Furthermore, in the above scheme, the first drive mechanism 45 includes a first drive motor 451 and a baffle plate 452 disposed above the first drive motor 451. The first chamber 11 is provided with a bracket 453 for fixing the first drive motor 451. The output shaft of the first drive motor 451 is connected to the top end of the preload shaft 42. The outer surface of the pre-compression shaft 42 is fitted with a pre-compression roller 43, and a number of pre-compression blades 44 are arranged around the outer surface of the pre-compression roller 43. The pre-compression blades 44 rotate with the rotation of the pre-compression shaft 42 to realize the spiral pressing of the material.

[0028] It should be noted that the first drive mechanism 45 is securely mounted in the first chamber 11 via a bracket 453. The pre-compression shaft 42 maintains precise vertical positioning during operation. A gradually narrowing compression channel is formed between the outer surface of the pre-compression shaft 42 and the bottom inner wall of the pre-compression mold 41. The material undergoes continuous compression as it passes through this channel, thus achieving initial densification. Furthermore, the pre-compression blades 44 not only push the material downwards but also loosen and agitate the material above during rotation, making it easier to transport along the compression channel and further enhancing the pre-compression effect.

[0029] In actual operation, the first drive motor 451 drives the pre-compression shaft 42 to rotate at high speed through the output shaft. The baffle plate 452 allows the material to bypass the first drive motor 451 and enter the pre-compression mold 41. The top of the baffle plate 452 is a conical structure with a smooth outer surface. When the material enters the first compression device 4, it is diverted and guided by the baffle plate 452, so that when the material enters the pre-compression mold 41, it falls away from the pre-compression shaft 42 and is close to the pre-compression outlet 46, which facilitates the pre-compression blades 44 to achieve rapid pre-compression.

[0030] The size of the pre-compression outlet 46 is consistent with the size of the forming hole on the side of the forming mold 51, so as to ensure that the extruded pre-compression material has uniform density and appropriate hardness, providing ideal raw material conditions for the subsequent final forming stage, thereby improving overall production efficiency and finished product quality.

[0031] Furthermore, in the above scheme, the outlet end of the pre-pressed discharge port 46 is positioned directly opposite and adjacent to the inner working surface of the forming mold 51, so that the pre-pressed material extruded from the pre-pressed discharge port 46 can directly enter the compression roller gap between the outer surface of the pressure roller 53 and the inner working surface of the forming mold 51.

[0032] Furthermore, in the above scheme, the pre-pressing mold 41 and the forming mold 51 are fixed to the inner side of the outer shell 1 by the support member 8, and the axis of the pre-pressing outlet 46 is aligned with the inner working area of ​​the forming mold 51.

[0033] It should be noted that the precise alignment design between the pre-pressed discharge port 46 and the inner working surface of the forming mold 51 can effectively reduce the scattering and accumulation of materials during the transfer process, optimize the flow path of materials, and significantly reduce the risk of blockage that may occur during equipment operation. The pre-pressed material can enter the gap of the high-pressure roller 53 in the shortest possible time, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the forming process.

[0034] In the technical solution of the second compression device 5, the second compression device 5 includes a fixed annular forming mold 51 and at least one pressure roller 53 disposed in the inner ring of the forming mold 51. The pressure roller 53 is mounted around a rotatable main shaft 52 and is driven by a second drive mechanism 57. Furthermore, in the above scheme, the second drive mechanism 57 includes a second drive motor 571 and a reducer 572. The output shaft of the second drive motor 571 is connected to one end of the main shaft 52 via the reducer 572. It should be noted that the second drive mechanism 57 transmits the power of the second drive motor 571 to the main shaft 52 through the reducer 572, so that the pressure roller 53 rotates at a constant speed in the inner ring of the annular forming mold 51, which improves the stability of the equipment operation. The gap between the pressure roller 53 and the inner ring of the forming mold 51 is the working area for the dense forming of the material. The pre-pressed material is subjected to continuous and uniform extrusion and shearing force in this area, and is gradually compacted and squeezed into the forming hole to form high-density pellet fuel.

[0035] Furthermore, in the above scheme, a rotating base 54 is sleeved on the main shaft 52. The axis of the rotating base 54 is aligned with the main shaft 52. Three pressure rollers 53 are provided on the outer edge of the rotating base 54. A pressure roller shaft 55 and a bearing 56 are provided at the axis of the pressure roller 53. The end of the pressure roller shaft 55 is connected to the rotating base 54. The outer edge of the pressure roller 53 abuts against the inner surface of the forming mold 51, so that the pressure roller 53 can always maintain contact and extrusion with the inner ring of the forming mold 51 when rotating with the main shaft 52, thereby forming a stable and continuous extrusion process on the material.

[0036] In actual operation, the pre-compressed material is extruded from the pre-compressed discharge port 46 and directly enters the gap of the high-pressure roller 53. Under the strong extrusion of the roller 53, it is gradually compacted. The gap between the roller 53 and the inner ring of the forming mold 51 is precisely corrected by hand. The material is subjected to uniform pressure distribution in this area, avoiding the situation where the material density is too high or too low. At the same time, the rotational movement of the roller 53 also brings shear force, which further promotes the density uniformity inside the material particles and effectively reduces the generation of cracks.

[0037] In the technical solution of the discharge system 6, the discharge system 6 includes an annular slide rail 61 disposed on the outer surface of the molding die 51, and a plurality of particle scrapers 62 fixed on the end face of the annular slide rail 61.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above scheme, the discharge system 6 also includes a third drive mechanism 7 and a gear 71 disposed at the output end of the third drive mechanism 7. The inner surface of the annular slide rail 61 is provided with an internal tooth surface 72. The third drive mechanism 7 is attached to the inner side of the annular slide rail 61 through the gear 71, thereby driving the annular slide rail 61 to rotate.

[0039] It should be noted that the third drive mechanism 7 engages with the inner tooth surface 72 on the inner side of the annular slide rail 61 through the gear 71, driving the annular slide rail 61 to rotate smoothly, thereby causing the particle scraper 62 fixed on the end face of the annular slide rail 61 to move along the outer surface of the forming mold 51. The particle scraper 62 is designed to efficiently scrape the extruded particles from the forming hole of the forming mold 51 and quickly export them from the equipment, avoiding the accumulation of particles on the mold surface and affecting the normal operation of the equipment.

[0040] In actual operation, the rotation speed of the annular slide rail 61 is precisely controlled by the third drive mechanism 7 to ensure that the moving speed of the pellet scraper 62 matches the rotation speed of the pressure roller 53, thereby achieving efficient pellet scraping and output. This not only improves production efficiency and optimizes the pellet forming quality, but also produces fuel pellets with uniform length and smooth surface, meeting the usage requirements.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dense molding and granulation device for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste, characterized in that, It includes a shell (1), a frame (2), a feeding system (3), a forming device, and a discharging system (6). The frame (2) is fixed to the bottom of the shell (1). The feeding system (3) is located above the shell (1). The forming device is provided inside the shell (1). The discharging system (6) is provided on the side of the shell (1). The molding device includes a first compression device (4) and a second compression device (5) arranged sequentially from top to bottom; The first compression device (4) includes a vertically arranged pre-compression mold (41), a pre-compression shaft (42) installed in the pre-compression mold (41), and a first drive mechanism (45) for driving the pre-compression shaft (42); a pre-compression outlet (46) is provided at the bottom of the pre-compression mold (41). The second compression device (5) includes a fixed annular forming mold (51) and at least one pressure roller (53) disposed in the inner ring of the forming mold (51). The pressure roller (53) is mounted around a rotatable main shaft (52) and driven by a second drive mechanism (57). The outlet end of the pre-pressed discharge port (46) is positioned directly opposite and adjacent to the inner working surface of the forming mold (51) in space, so that the pre-pressed material squeezed out from the pre-pressed discharge port (46) can directly enter the compression roller gap between the outer surface of the pressure roller (53) and the inner working surface of the forming mold (51).

2. The dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding system (3) includes a feeding hopper (31) and a horizontal feeding screw (32). The feeding hopper (31) is located on the top of the outer shell (1). The discharge end of the horizontal feeding screw (32) is aligned with the feeding hopper (31). The discharge end of the horizontal feeding screw (32) is connected to the inlet of the feeding hopper (31) through a feeding connecting sleeve (33).

3. The dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell (1) is divided into a first chamber (11) and a second chamber (12) along the pre-compression mold (41). The first compression device (4) is disposed in the first chamber (11) and the second compression device (5) is disposed in the second chamber (12).

4. The dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first drive mechanism (45) includes a first drive motor (451) and a baffle plate (452) disposed above the first drive motor (451). The first chamber (11) is provided with a bracket (453) for fixing the first drive motor (451). The output shaft of the first drive motor (451) is connected to the top end of the preload shaft (42) via a transmission connection.

5. The dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the pre-compression shaft (42) is fitted with a pre-compression roller (43), and a number of pre-compression blades (44) are arranged around the outer surface of the pre-compression roller (43). The pre-compression blades (44) rotate with the rotation of the pre-compression shaft (42) to realize the spiral pressing of the material.

6. The dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second drive mechanism (57) includes a second drive motor (571) and a reducer (572). The output shaft of the second drive motor (571) is connected to one end of the main shaft (52) via the reducer (572).

7. The dense forming and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rotating base (54) is fitted on the main shaft (52). The axis of the rotating base (54) is aligned with the main shaft (52). Three pressure rollers (53) are provided on the outer edge of the rotating base (54). A pressure roller shaft (55) and a bearing (56) are provided at the axis of the pressure roller (53). The end of the pressure roller shaft (55) is connected to the rotating base (54). The outer edge of the pressure roller (53) abuts against the inner surface of the forming mold (51).

8. The dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge system (6) includes an annular slide rail (61) disposed on the outer surface of the molding die (51) and a plurality of particle scrapers (62) fixed on the end face of the annular slide rail (61).

9. The dense molding and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 8, characterized in that, The discharge system (6) also includes a third drive mechanism (7) and a gear (71) disposed at the output end of the third drive mechanism (7). The inner surface of the annular slide rail (61) is provided with an internal tooth surface (72). The third drive mechanism (7) is attached to the inner side of the annular slide rail (61) through the gear (71) to drive the annular slide rail (61) to rotate.

10. The compaction and granulation equipment for preparing fuel pellets from solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-pressing mold (41) and the forming mold (51) are fixed to the inner side of the outer shell (1) by the support member (8), and the axis of the pre-pressing outlet (46) is aligned with the inner working area of ​​the forming mold (51).

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