Hydrogen production reactor equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses hydrogen production reactor equipment, which is characterized in that a superheater is arranged on the furnace top of a reactor, a reaction tube is arranged on a furnace body, the reaction tube is provided with a catalyst filling port, a discharge port, an air inlet of an air inlet ring tube and an air outlet of an air outlet ring tube, and saturated steam is introduced into the superheater through a saturated steam inlet; flue gas enters the superheater from the furnace top to carry out parallel flow heat exchange with water vapor, superheated steam is formed through heating and enters the reaction pipe through an air inlet of the air inlet ring pipe, the combustor is arranged at the furnace bottom to heat the reaction pipe, the reaction pipe is filled with an iron-based catalyst, straw pyrolysis gas / superheated steam is alternately introduced into the reaction pipe through the air inlet of the air inlet ring pipe, and the reaction pipe is heated through the air inlet of the air inlet ring pipe. The catalyst is subjected to a reduction reaction / oxidation reaction, and tail gas generated in the reduction reaction stage is introduced into a combustor through a gas outlet of a gas outlet ring pipe to be combusted and recycled; mixed gas is prepared in the oxidation reaction stage and introduced into a condenser through a gas outlet of a gas outlet ring pipe, water vapor is separated from hydrogen, and the separated hydrogen is used as green energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of reactor technology, and more specifically to a hydrogen production reactor device. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is an important component of the future national energy system. Hydrogen production is the upstream link of the hydrogen energy industry. Hydrogen energy has high energy density, is clean and environmentally friendly, and can help realize the conversion of different energy forms such as electricity, gas and heat. It is regarded as an important carrier for building a diversified energy supply system with clean energy as the mainstay.

[0003] Traditional hydrogen production technologies are mature but have limitations. Currently, the largest production volumes rely on fossil fuels and industrial by-product gases, resulting in significant carbon emissions and a low proportion of green hydrogen. This situation fails to meet the demands of green, low-carbon, or zero-carbon development, necessitating the development of large-scale, low-cost hydrogen production technologies and equipment using renewable energy to achieve zero-carbon hydrogen production and facilitate energy transition.

[0004] The combustible gases produced by the pyrolysis of biomass straw are mainly combustible and reducing gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen. Utilizing biomass pyrolysis gas to produce hydrogen not only meets the needs of green development and aligns with my country's energy development direction, but also solves the problem of biomass straw disposal. However, equipment for producing hydrogen from combustible biomass straw has not yet been developed.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a hydrogen production reactor to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen production reactor that enables the reuse of waste straw, and the generated hydrogen can be used as a green energy gas.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a hydrogen production reactor apparatus, comprising: a reactor and a superheater; the reactor includes a furnace body, reaction tubes, and a burner; the superheater is provided with a saturated steam inlet, a superheated steam outlet, and a flue gas outlet. The furnace body is divided into a furnace top, a furnace chamber, and a furnace bottom from top to bottom. The superheater is installed on the furnace top of the reactor, and the reaction tube is installed on the furnace body. The reaction tube has a catalyst loading port exposed outside the furnace top, a catalyst unloading port exposed outside the furnace bottom, an air inlet ring pipe exposed outside the furnace chamber, and an air outlet ring pipe exposed outside the furnace bottom. Saturated steam is introduced into the superheater through the saturated steam inlet. Flue gas enters the superheater from the top of the furnace and exchanges heat with the steam in parallel flow. After heating, superheated steam is formed and enters the reaction tube through the inlet of the inlet ring pipe. The burner is installed at the bottom of the furnace and generates flue gas and flame in the furnace. The flame radiates heat to heat the reaction tube, which is filled with an iron-based catalyst. Straw pyrolysis gas / superheated steam is alternately introduced into the reaction tube through the inlet of the inlet ring pipe. The catalyst undergoes reduction / oxidation reactions. The tail gas produced in the reduction reaction stage is introduced into the burner for combustion and recycling through the outlet of the outlet ring pipe. The oxidation reaction stage produces a mixed gas, which is introduced into the condenser through the outlet of the outlet ring pipe to separate the steam from the hydrogen. The separated hydrogen can be used as a green energy source.

[0008] Preferably, the superheater includes a superheater shell, heat exchange tubes, and a tube sheet. The heat exchange tubes are housed within the superheater shell and are inserted into the tube sheet. The tube sheet is connected to the superheater shell, and a flue pipe connected to the superheater shell is provided on the furnace top.

[0009] Preferably, the superheater further includes a turbulence generator installed inside the heat exchange tube.

[0010] Preferably, the superheater further includes multiple baffles, with each pair of adjacent baffles staggered inside the superheater shell and passing through heat exchange tubes.

[0011] Preferably, the superheater shell has an expansion joint.

[0012] Preferably, the reaction tube is equipped with multiple thermocouples.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrogen production reactor equipment further includes a column, and a bottom plate is installed at the bottom of the furnace bottom, the bottom plate being mounted on the column.

[0014] Preferably, the reactor further includes a furnace shell, which encloses the furnace chamber and the furnace bottom and is connected to the furnace top and furnace bottom plates. The air inlet and the air outlet are both exposed outside the furnace shell. The space between the furnace shell and the furnace chamber is filled with a corundum brick layer and a castable layer. The castable layer is embedded with anchoring nails that are fixed to the furnace shell.

[0015] Preferably, the reactor further includes an explosion-proof door, and the furnace shell, castable layer and corundum brick layer are provided with a notch for the installation of the explosion-proof door, which can be detachably installed at the notch.

[0016] Preferably, the hydrogen production reactor further includes an external condenser and a water seal, wherein the condenser is connected to the gas outlet of the gas outlet ring pipe, and the water seal is connected to the condenser.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects are: 1) The combustion flue gas generated in the furnace heats the steam in the superheater, and the high-temperature superheated steam flows into the reaction tube, reacts with the iron-based catalyst to decompose and produce hydrogen. The iron-based catalyst is reduced again by the reducing biomass pyrolysis gas. The cycle is repeated to achieve the purpose of reusing waste straw. The generated hydrogen can be used as a green energy gas. 2) The space between the furnace shell and the furnace chamber is filled with a layer of corundum bricks and a layer of castable refractory. The castable refractory layer is embedded with anchoring nails that are fixed to the furnace shell, which helps to enhance the stability of the overall structure of the reactor. 3) Turbulence generators installed inside the heat exchange tubes can force the flue gas to form turbulent flow, thereby increasing the heat transfer contact area, improving the heat exchange efficiency with steam, and thus accelerating the temperature rise of the steam. 4) A through-hole is opened at the top of the furnace, through which the top of the reaction tube passes so that the packing can adapt to the high-temperature expansion and deformation of the reaction tube and always be able to seal the furnace body. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the hydrogen production reactor equipment provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of heat exchange tubes and tube sheets in a hydrogen production reactor.

[0021] Attached reference numerals: 1. Column; 2. Perforated plate; 3. Outlet ring pipe; 4. Furnace bottom; 5. Thermometer; 6. Pressure gauge; 7. Furnace shell; 8. Anchor nail; 9. Reaction tube; 10. Catalyst; 11. Inlet ring pipe; 12. Furnace top; 13. Packing; 14. Heat insulation plug; 15. Smoke tube; 16. Heat exchange tube; 17. Turbine; 18. Tube sheet; 19. Expansion joint; 20. Superheater shell; 21. Baffle plate; 22. Multi-point thermocouple; 23. Castable refractory layer; 24. Explosion-proof door; 25. Corundum brick layer; 26. Burner; 27. Ceramic ball. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described in this specification are merely for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] It should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0024] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Additionally, "multiple" or "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 2 This invention provides a detailed description of a hydrogen production reactor device, which is divided into upper and lower sections, including a reactor and a superheater. The reactor includes a furnace body, a reaction tube 9, and a burner 26. The superheater is equipped with a saturated steam inlet, a superheated steam outlet, and a flue gas outlet. The furnace body is divided into a furnace top 12, a furnace chamber, and a furnace bottom from top to bottom. The superheater is installed on the furnace top 12 of the reactor. The reaction tube 9 is installed on the furnace body, and the reaction tube 9 has a catalyst loading port exposed outside the furnace top 12, a catalyst unloading port exposed outside the furnace bottom, an air inlet 11 of the air inlet ring pipe exposed outside the furnace chamber, and an air outlet 3 of the air outlet ring pipe exposed outside the furnace bottom. Saturated steam is introduced into the superheater through the saturated steam inlet. High-temperature flue gas (typically 780°C-810°C) enters the superheater from the furnace top 12 and exchanges heat with the steam in parallel flow, thus heating the steam. The flue gas flows out from the flue gas outlet. The superheated steam formed after heating (typically at a heating temperature of 600-650°C) enters the reaction tube 9 through the inlet 11 of the inlet ring pipe. The burner 26 is installed at the center of the furnace bottom and generates high-temperature flue gas and flame in the furnace. The flame radiation heats the reaction tube 9, which is filled with an iron-based catalyst. Straw pyrolysis gas / superheated steam is alternately introduced into the reactor through the inlet 11 of the inlet ring pipe. The catalyst undergoes a reduction / oxidation reaction. The exhaust gas generated in the reduction reaction stage is introduced into the burner 26 for combustion and recycling through the outlet 3 of the outlet ring pipe. In the oxidation reaction stage, water vapor is decomposed to produce hydrogen gas. ), trace amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide ( The mixture of gases is introduced into the condenser through the outlet of the gas outlet ring pipe to separate water vapor from hydrogen. The separated hydrogen can be used as a green energy source.

[0027] In this process, ceramic balls 27 and catalyst 10 are added into the reaction tube 9 through the catalyst loading port. Ceramic balls 27 can serve as a covering and support material for catalyst 10 in the reactor and as tower packing 13. They have the characteristics of high temperature and high pressure resistance, low water absorption, and stable chemical properties. They can withstand corrosion from acids, alkalis and other organic solvents, and can withstand temperature changes that occur during the production process.

[0028] It should be noted that during use, the top and bottom of the reaction tube 9 are sealed with sealing flanges, and a heat insulation plug 14 is provided on the side of the sealing flange that connects with the reaction tube 9 and is inserted into the reaction tube 9. In this way, the combustion flue gas generated by the burner 26 in the furnace flows out from the flue gas outlet of the superheater, and the straw pyrolysis gas / superheated steam alternately enters and flows into the reaction tube 9, realizing the purpose of reusing waste straw, and the generated hydrogen can be used as a green energy gas.

[0029] The saturated steam inlet is located near the bottom of the superheater, and the superheated steam inlet is located near the top of the superheater (i.e., the saturated steam inlet is located below the superheated steam outlet). The inlet port 11 of the inlet ring pipe is located on the inlet ring pipe near the top of the reactor, and the outlet port 3 of the outlet ring pipe is located on the outlet ring pipe at the bottom of the reactor. A diversion valve is provided on the outlet port 3 of the outlet ring pipe. One branch of the diversion valve is connected to the burner 26. The diversion valve introduces the exhaust gas generated in the reduction reaction stage into the burner 26 for combustion and recycling through the outlet port 3 of the outlet ring pipe. The other branch of the diversion valve leads the mixed gas to the condenser.

[0030] This distribution arrangement places the inlet 11 of the inlet ring pipe above the outlet 3 of the outlet ring pipe. After the saturated steam is heated in the superheater, it flows from top to bottom through the superheated steam outlet to the inlet 11 of the inlet ring pipe, then flows down through the reaction pipe 9 to the outlet 3 of the outlet ring pipe. The high-temperature flue gas flows from bottom to top in the furnace to the superheater, achieving countercurrent heat exchange between the steam and the high-temperature flue gas.

[0031] In one specific embodiment, a through-hole is provided at the furnace top 12, and the through-hole is filled with filler 13. The top end of the reaction tube 9 passes through the through-hole so that the filler 13 can adapt to the high-temperature expansion and deformation of the reaction tube 9 and always be able to seal the furnace body.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, the hydrogen production reactor equipment further includes a column 1, which is connected to the furnace bottom plate 4 to provide stable support for the furnace body. Typically, the column 1 is fixedly supported on the bottom surface or other support platform and remains stationary.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, the inlet and outlet are provided with perforated plates 2, which can facilitate the flow of steam and gas, and also prevent the ceramic balls 27 and catalyst 10 in the reaction tube 9 from flowing out of the reaction tube 9 too quickly.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the furnace is also equipped with a thermometer 5 and a pressure gauge 6, which are used to monitor the temperature and pressure inside the furnace in real time. The standard gas pressure inside the furnace of the reactor is -50 to -100 Pa.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the superheater includes a superheater shell 20, heat exchange tubes 16, and a tube sheet 18. The heat exchange tubes 16 are housed within the superheater shell 20 and are inserted into the tube sheet 18. The tube sheet 18 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the superheater shell 20. A flue pipe 15 connected to the superheater shell 20 is provided on the furnace top 12. In this way, high-temperature flue gas can flow smoothly through the flue pipe 15 into the interior of the superheater, and the heat exchange tubes 16 can be fixedly installed within the superheater shell 20 to prevent them from loosening or shaking. It should be noted that there are multiple heat exchange tubes 16, and the tube sheet 18 is circular, with multiple heat exchange tubes 16 forming a tube bundle and simultaneously inserted into the tube sheet 18.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, the superheater further includes a turbulence element 17 installed inside the heat exchange tube 16. The turbulence element 17 forces the flue gas to form a turbulent flow, thereby enhancing the heat transfer effect, improving the heat exchange efficiency with steam, and increasing the steam temperature. Each heat exchange tube is equipped with a turbulence element 17.

[0037] In one specific embodiment, the superheater further includes a plurality of baffles 21, with each pair of adjacent baffles 21 staggered within the superheater shell 20 and passing through the heat exchange tubes 16. This maximizes the steam flow rate within the superheater shell 20, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, the baffles 21 also support the heat dissipation tubes, enhancing their stability.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, the superheater housing 20 has an expansion joint 19 to coordinate high-temperature expansion deformation and reduce high-temperature stress on the equipment.

[0039] In one specific embodiment, the reaction tube 9 is provided with multiple thermocouples 22 for temperature detection at multiple locations within the reaction tube 9, providing reliable temperature data for subsequent operations.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, the reactor further includes a furnace shell 7, which encloses the furnace chamber and the furnace bottom and is connected to the furnace top 12 and the furnace bottom plate 4. The air inlet and the air outlet are both exposed outside the furnace shell 7. The space between the furnace shell 7 and the furnace chamber is filled with a corundum brick layer 25 and a castable layer 23. The castable layer 23 is embedded with anchoring nails 8 that are fixed to the furnace shell 7, which helps to enhance the stability of the overall structure of the reactor.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, the reactor further includes an explosion-proof door 24. The furnace shell 7, the castable layer 23, and the corundum brick layer 25 have pre-reserved notches for the installation of the explosion-proof door 24, which is detachably installed at the notches. During use, the explosion-proof door 24 is typically kept tightly closed.

[0042] In the event of an explosion in the furnace or flue 15, the explosion-proof door 24 automatically opens to release pressure, preventing furnace cracking and collapse. The explosion-proof door 24 primarily utilizes its own weight or strength. When the pressure is greater than or equal to the total pressure acting on it in the furnace under normal pressure, the explosion-proof door is closed. When the furnace pressure changes, causing the total pressure acting on the explosion-proof door 24 to exceed its own weight and strength, the door will be forced open or broken through, allowing some flue gas to escape from the furnace, thus achieving pressure relief.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, the hydrogen production reactor further includes an external condenser and a water seal. The condenser is connected to the outlet port 3 of the gas outlet ring pipe, and the water seal is connected to the condenser. The outlet port 3 of the gas outlet ring pipe leads the mixed gas to the condenser, which condenses the undecomposed vapor discharged from the outlet port 3 of the gas outlet ring pipe and discharges it through the water seal, thereby obtaining high-purity hydrogen. After pressurization, the hydrogen is stored in a gas storage tank for use as a green energy reserve.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, a gas analyzer is installed on the condenser to monitor the purity of hydrogen in real time, so as to determine the timing of alternating the introduction of straw pyrolysis gas / superheated steam, ensuring that the purified hydrogen gas meets quality specifications (such as ISO 14687:2019 hydrogen fuel quality standard) and can be used as a green energy reserve.

[0045] The present invention is not limited to the description in the specification and embodiments, and thus other advantages and modifications can be readily realized by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details, representative devices and examples shown and described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the general concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production reactor device, characterized in that, include: The reactor includes a furnace body, a reaction tube (9), and a burner (26). The superheater is equipped with a saturated steam inlet, a superheated steam outlet, and a flue gas outlet. The furnace body is divided into a furnace top (12), a furnace chamber and a furnace bottom from top to bottom. The superheater is installed on the furnace top (12) of the reactor. The reaction tube (9) is installed on the furnace body. The reaction tube (9) has a catalyst loading port exposed outside the furnace top (12), a catalyst unloading port exposed outside the furnace bottom, an air inlet (11) of the air inlet ring pipe exposed outside the furnace chamber and an air outlet (3) of the air outlet ring pipe exposed outside the furnace bottom. Saturated steam is introduced into the superheater through the saturated steam inlet. Flue gas enters the superheater from the top of the furnace (12) and exchanges heat with the steam in parallel flow. After heating, superheated steam is formed and enters the reaction tube (9) through the inlet port (11) of the inlet ring pipe. The burner (26) is installed at the bottom of the furnace and generates flue gas and flame in the furnace. The reaction tube (9) is heated by the radiant heat of the flame. The reaction tube (9) is filled with iron-based catalyst. Straw pyrolysis gas / superheated steam is alternately introduced into the reaction tube (9) through the inlet port (11) of the inlet ring pipe. The catalyst undergoes reduction / oxidation reaction. The tail gas generated in the reduction reaction stage is introduced into the burner (26) for combustion and recycling through the outlet port (3) of the outlet ring pipe. In the oxidation reaction stage, the steam decomposes to produce a mixed gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide. The mixed gas is led out through the outlet port (3) of the outlet ring pipe. The separated hydrogen is used as green energy.

2. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The superheater includes a superheater shell (20), heat exchange tubes (16) and tube sheet (18). The heat exchange tubes (16) are housed in the superheater shell (20) and are inserted into the tube sheet (18). The tube sheet (18) is connected to the superheater shell (20). A flue (15) connected to the superheater shell (20) is provided on the furnace top (12).

3. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The superheater also includes a turbulence generator (17), which is installed inside the heat exchange tube (16).

4. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The superheater also includes multiple baffles (21), with each pair of adjacent baffles (21) staggered inside the superheater shell (20) and passed through by heat exchange tubes (16).

5. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The superheater shell (20) has an expansion joint (19).

6. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction tube (9) is equipped with multiple thermocouples (22).

7. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen production reactor equipment also includes a column (1), and a bottom plate (4) is installed at the bottom of the furnace bottom, which is mounted on the column (1).

8. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The reactor also includes a furnace shell (7), which encloses the furnace chamber and the furnace bottom and is connected to the furnace top (12) and the furnace bottom plate (4). The air inlet and the air outlet are exposed outside the furnace shell (7). The furnace shell (7) and the furnace chamber are filled with a corundum brick layer (25) and a castable layer (23). The castable layer (23) is embedded with anchor nails (8) that are fixed to the furnace shell (7).

9. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The reactor also includes an explosion-proof door (24). The furnace shell (7), the castable layer (23) and the corundum brick layer (25) are provided with a notch for the installation of the explosion-proof door (24). The explosion-proof door (24) can be detachably installed at the notch.

10. The hydrogen production reactor equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen production reactor equipment also includes an external condenser and a water seal. The condenser is connected to the gas outlet of the gas outlet ring pipe, and the water seal is connected to the condenser.

Images