Civil engineering construction waste treatment device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of construction waste treatment devices, in particular to a civil engineering construction waste treatment device which comprises a waste bin plate and further comprises a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing roller rotationally installed in the waste bin plate, and a plurality of beating hammer plates used for crushing waste are fixedly arranged on the surface of the crushing roller; and the shaft end of the crushing roller is in driving connection with a torque-increasing variable frequency motor. An emergency material guiding and discharging component driven by a hydraulic rod A is arranged on the upper right portion of the side of the crushing roller in the crushing cavity, the component integrates the flow guiding function and the cutting function, in a normal state, an inclined guiding plate block of the component can efficiently guide materials into a crushing area, and a cutting blade plate on the surface can pretreat winding impurities; when the system detects or judges that material jamming possibly occurs, the hydraulic rod A can be controlled to retract, so that the guide plate rapidly turns down, the discharging channel is expanded instantly, the jammed materials are forcibly dredged, and dynamic and active material jamming prevention and elimination are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction waste treatment equipment, and more particularly to a civil engineering construction waste treatment equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Civil engineering activities generate a large amount of construction waste, mainly including concrete blocks, bricks, mortar, and scrap steel. Efficiently and environmentally friendly treatment of this construction waste to achieve resource recycling has become a key issue for the industry's sustainable development. One of the core steps in construction waste treatment is to crush the waste to the required particle size using crushing equipment to facilitate subsequent sorting, recycling, or disposal.

[0003] Currently, common construction waste crushing devices on the market generally face a thorny technical problem in actual operation: material jamming within the crushing chamber. Specifically, during the crushing process, materials that are oversized, irregularly shaped, or contain highly tough impurities, such as steel bars or wood, can become stuck in the crushing chamber at the feed inlet, between the moving and fixed jaw plates, between the rotor and the impact plate, or at the discharge screen, forcing an interruption of the crushing operation. Some devices are equipped with electrical control systems that automatically trigger a brief reverse rotation of the main shaft when an overload of the motor current is detected, potentially indicating material jamming, in an attempt to expel the jammed material. However, this method has limited effectiveness for severe blockages or jamming, and frequent forward and reverse impacts severely affect the lifespan of the equipment's transmission system. The most traditional and common approach is to completely stop the machine after a jam occurs, requiring operators to enter or manually clear the blockage using tools, which also affects the crushing efficiency. Therefore, a civil engineering construction waste treatment device is needed to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A civil engineering construction waste treatment device includes a waste bin plate and a crushing mechanism, which includes a crushing roller rotatably installed inside the waste bin plate. The surface of the crushing roller is fixedly provided with a plurality of impact hammers for crushing waste. The shaft end of the crushing roller is driven and connected to a torque-increasing variable frequency motor. The lifting cover is movably fastened to the top of the waste bin plate. The lifting cover includes a machine cover plate and a hydraulic rod B for driving the machine cover plate to open and close. An emergency unloading component is movably installed on the inner side of the bottom end of the machine cover plate. The emergency unloading component includes a guide plate, several cutting blades disposed on the surface of the guide plate, and a hydraulic rod A for driving the guide plate to rotate. The first counterattack part, which is installed inside the machine cover plate, includes a counterattack plate A, a movable frame movably connected to the counterattack plate A, a ring plate and a buffer spring A sleeved on the shaft cylinder, a positioning shaft connected to the shaft cylinder, a fixing plate, a threaded adjusting column, and a threaded sleeve frame for fixing the threaded adjusting column. The second counterattack part is installed inside the machine cover plate and includes a counterattack plate B, a force-bearing rod movably connected to the counterattack plate B, an inner disc A and an inner disc B sleeved on the force-bearing rod and connected by a buffer spring B, and a lower buckle plate and a fixing cylinder for fixing the inner disc B.

[0006] Preferably, two hook plates are provided between two adjacent striking hammer plates, and a guide tooth plate is provided between two adjacent hook plates. The heights of the striking hammer plates, hook plates, and guide tooth plates decrease sequentially and are all fixed to the surface of the crushing roller.

[0007] Preferably, a diaphragm plate is connected to the back of the machine cover plate, the diaphragm plate passes through the through groove of the outer plate, and a guide rail is connected to the side of the through groove of the outer plate. The guide rail is slidably installed in the diaphragm plate through a rail groove.

[0008] Preferably, the threaded sleeve bracket of the first counterattack part is fixed to the top of the outer plate, and the fixing plate is installed on the right side of the machine cover.

[0009] Preferably, the left side of the counter-attack plate A is configured as a detachable rigid plate end fixed by bolts, and the right side of the threaded adjustment column is configured as a hexagonal cap plate structure.

[0010] Preferably, the fixing cylinder of the second counterattack part is fixed to the surface of the outer plate, and the lower buckle is inserted into the right side of the fixing cylinder by a threaded connection.

[0011] Preferably, the guide plate of the emergency unloading component has an overall trapezoidal structure, with its long side inclined under normal conditions, and the inclined surface facing upwards towards the crushing roller.

[0012] Preferably, the radial plate has several positioning holes equidistantly opened on its side. The guide rail is inserted into the positioning holes on both sides of the radial plate by locking bolts. The several positioning holes equidistantly opened on the side of the radial plate form a position scale with a fixed interval. When it is necessary to adjust the working area of ​​the two-stage counterattack plate, after loosening the locking bolts, the outer plate can be pushed to slide along the guide rail, thereby driving the first counterattack part and the second counterattack part fixed on it to move synchronously, so as to achieve overall coarse adjustment.

[0013] Preferably, the machine cover is driven by the piston rod of the hydraulic rod B to rotate and open and close around the hinge point with the waste bin plate. The bottom end of the waste bin plate is set as the discharge end, which realizes the overall opening and closing of the waste bin plate cover and internal integrated module for easy maintenance. The discharge end is set at the bottom to utilize gravity for smooth discharge and reduce the possibility of blockage.

[0014] This invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention features an emergency material guide component driven by hydraulic rod A, located above the crushing roller inside the crushing chamber. This component integrates guiding and cutting functions. Under normal conditions, its inclined guide plate can efficiently guide materials into the crushing area, and the cutting blade on its surface can pre-treat entangled impurities. When the system detects or determines that material jamming may occur, it can control hydraulic rod A to retract, causing the guide plate to flip down rapidly, instantly expanding the discharge channel and forcibly clearing congested materials. This achieves dynamic and proactive prevention and removal of material jamming, significantly improving processing efficiency and the reliability of continuous equipment operation compared to traditional shutdown reversal or manual cleaning.

[0015] 2. The crushing roller of the present invention adopts a structure in which the striking hammer plate, hook plate and guide tooth plate are arranged alternately according to the height difference, forming a multi-level synergistic effect of first grabbing and guiding, then hooking and tearing, and finally crushing with heavy impact. It has strong adaptability to complex construction waste and high crushing efficiency.

[0016] 3. By setting up two adjustable impact parts, the present invention can not only precisely control the working gap between the impact plate and the crushing roller to adapt to different crushing particle size requirements through the screw adjustment and the cooperation of the buffer spring, but also effectively absorb the impact energy of the material by the buffer spring, reduce the rigid vibration of the equipment, and make the material repeatedly bounce back and crushed in the cavity, thereby obtaining a more uniform output particle size.

[0017] 4. The machine adopts a hinged integrated structure. The machine cover, including the impact section, can be easily opened by hydraulic rod B, which greatly facilitates the comprehensive inspection of the crushing chamber, replacement of worn parts, and cleaning of stuck material residue. Both impact plates A and B are detachable hard plates fixed with bolts, which realizes the quick disassembly and independent maintenance of the core working module, reduces equipment downtime and labor intensity, and lowers long-term operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external top view of a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the open state of the cover part in a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional disassembly diagram of the crushing mechanism in a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional bottom view of the lifting part of a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention. Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional disassembly diagram of the lifting cover section in a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention. Figure 7 This is a top-view disassembly diagram of the lifting cover section in a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal disassembly structure of the second impact section in a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention. Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first impact section in a civil engineering construction waste treatment device proposed in this invention.

[0020] In the picture: 1. Scrap silo plate; 2. Crushing mechanism; 21. Crushing roller; 22. Guide tooth plate; 23. Hook plate; 24. Impact hammer plate; 25. Torque-increasing variable frequency motor; 3. Lid lifting section; 31. Machine cover plate; 32. Diameter plate; 33. External plate; 34. Guide rail; 35. Locking bolt; 36. Emergency unloading component; 361. Guide plate; 362. Cutting blade; 363. Hydraulic rod A; 37. Hydraulic rod B; 4. First counter-attack part; 41. Counter-attack plate A; 42. Movable frame; 43. Ring plate; 44. Shaft sleeve; 45. Positioning shaft; 46. Fixed plate; 47. Threaded adjusting column; 48. Threaded sleeve frame; 49. Buffer spring A; 5. Second counterattack part; 51. Counterattack plate B; 52. Force rod; 53. Inner plate A; 54. Buffer spring B; 55. Inner plate B; 56. Lower locking plate; 57. Fixing cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Reference Figure 1-9 A civil engineering construction waste treatment device, comprising, Waste bin plate 1, used as a bin for waste processing and installed on an external lifting support frame; The crushing mechanism 2 includes a crushing roller 21 rotatably installed inside the waste bin plate 1. Several hammer plates 24 for crushing waste are fixed to the surface of the crushing roller 21 by bolts. One end of the shaft of the crushing roller 21 passes through the waste bin plate 1 through a bearing and is connected to the shaft end of the torque-increasing variable frequency motor 25. The torque-increasing variable frequency motor 25 is installed on the bottom extension edge of the waste bin plate 1. The lifting part 3 includes a machine cover 31 that is movably installed on the right side of the waste bin plate 1. The machine cover 31 is provided with hydraulic rods B37 for support on both sides, and the hydraulic rods B37 are movably installed on the surface of the waste bin plate 1. An emergency unloading component 36 is movably installed inside the bottom end of the machine cover 31. The lifting part 3 is equipped with a first counterattack part 4 and a second counterattack part 5. The bottom end of the machine cover plate 31 is rotatably connected to the side wall or frame of the waste bin plate 1 via a hinge, forming a fixed rotation axis for the opening and closing movement. Two hydraulic rods B37 serve as power actuators. One end of each rod is movably connected to a pre-set support on the outside of the waste bin plate 1 via a pin, and the other end, the piston rod end, is also movably connected to the corresponding connecting lugs on both sides of the machine cover plate 31 via a pin. When the equipment needs to be stopped for maintenance, the hydraulic system is started to supply oil to the rodless chamber of the hydraulic rod B37. Under the action of oil pressure, the piston rod extends straight outward along its axial direction. Because the piston rod end is connected to the machine cover plate 31... The machine cover 31 is connected to the side, and its extended linear motion is converted into an outward thrust on the side of the machine cover 31. At this time, the bottom end of the machine cover 31 is restricted by the hinge point, and the side is subjected to the outward thrust of the hydraulic rod B37. Under the combined action of these two constraints, the machine cover 31, as a rigid body, is forced to rotate upward with the bottom hinge point as the only rotation center. As the piston rod continues to extend, the opening angle of the machine cover 31 gradually increases. After the machine cover 31 is opened to the maximum angle or any angle suitable for maintenance, the staff can easily carry out maintenance.

[0023] Two hook plates 23 are arranged between two adjacent striking hammer plates 24, and a guide tooth plate 22 is arranged between two adjacent hook plates 23. Both the guide tooth plate 22 and the hook plates 23 are fixed to the surface of the crushing roller 21. The heights of the striking hammer plates 24, hook plates 23, and guide tooth plates 22 decrease sequentially. As the shortest component, the guide tooth plate 22 contacts the material first, performing preliminary sorting, dispersion, and guidance on the waste entering the cavity, moving large pieces of material to prevent them from piling up and clogging the feeding area, and smoothly guiding them to the subsequent working area. At the same time, it initially unfolds flexible impurities, preparing them for subsequent processing. The hook plates 23, which are in the middle of the height, constitute the second process. For construction waste containing tough impurities such as steel bars, wood fibers, and plastics, the hook plates 23 can effectively hook these impurities and, during high-speed rotation, facilitate their removal. The process of tearing or peeling the material from the concrete block specifically solves the problem of blockage caused by entangled impurities. At the same time, it pre-cracks large pieces of material to reduce their overall strength. The hammer plate 24, as the highest protruding component, targets the material after the first two stages of pretreatment and performs high-energy impact crushing to break the material to the target size. Since the material it acts on has been pretreated, the crushing efficiency is higher and the energy consumption is relatively lower. It also avoids the violent vibration caused by direct impact on oversized and overhard objects. The hammer plate 24 is the highest, followed by the hook plate 23, and then the guide tooth plate 22. The strictly decreasing height ensures that the order of action on the material in the same area is fixed during each rotation of the crushing roller 21: first guide, then hook, and finally heavy impact, forming a continuous and efficient crushing production line.

[0024] A diameter plate 32 is connected to the back of the machine cover plate 31, and the diameter plate 32 passes through the interior of the outer plate 33 via a through groove. A guide rail 34 is connected to the side of the through groove of the outer plate 33, and the guide rail 34 is slidably installed in the diameter plate 32 via a rail groove. The two sides of the guide rail 34 are inserted into the positioning holes on the side of the diameter plate 32 by locking bolts 35. The threaded sleeve bracket 48 of the first impact part 4 and the fixing sleeve 57 of the second impact part 5 are both fixedly installed on the outer plate 33. Therefore, the outer plate 33 is the mounting base of the entire impact module. When it is necessary to adjust the working area of ​​the two impact plates, the locking bolts 35 can be loosened. At that time, the outer plate 33 is pushed or pulled manually or by auxiliary tools, so that it slides along the diameter plate 32 via the guide rail 34. Since the diameter plate 32 is fixed on the machine cover plate 31, this directly causes the outer plate 33 and all the adjustment components it carries to undergo overall displacement relative to the machine cover plate 31 and the waste bin plate 1 below. This synchronously and equally changes the initial installation position of the first impact plate A41 and the second impact plate B51 in the crushing chamber of the waste bin plate 1, that is, the large-scale setting of the two-stage impact crushing zone is completed at one time. After the adjustment is in place, tightening the locking bolt 35 can fix the new overall position.

[0025] The first impact part 4 includes an impact plate A41 movably installed inside the machine cover plate 31. A movable frame 42 is movably installed at the bottom right side of the impact plate A41, and the right side of the movable frame 42 is sleeved on the surface of the shaft cylinder 44. The right side of the shaft cylinder 44 passes through a through hole through a fixed plate 46 and is connected and fixed to a threaded adjusting column 47. The threaded adjusting column 47 passes through a threaded hole through the inside of a threaded sleeve frame 48. The threaded sleeve frame 48 is fixed to the top of the outer plate 33. The fixed plate 46 is installed on the right side of the machine cover plate 31. A buffer spring A49 is provided between the ring plate 43 and the fixed plate 46, and the buffer spring A49 is sleeved on the surface of the shaft cylinder 44. The entire first impact part 4 is connected by a threaded... The sleeve frame 48 and the fixing plate 46 are integrated and rely on the external plate 33 and the machine cover plate 31. When the hydraulic rod B37 lifts the machine cover plate 31 as a whole, this part is fully exposed, making maintenance operations such as checking wear, adjusting gaps, and replacing buffer springs A49 extremely convenient, without having to enter the narrow crushing chamber or perform large-scale disassembly. The buffering function of the first impact part 4 solves the problem of easy damage and short life of parts caused by hard impact in traditional equipment; its adjustable function provides flexible process adaptability. The combination of spring buffering and mechanical adjustment is a more gentle, intelligent and equipment transmission system friendly solution, improving the reliability of the equipment.

[0026] The left side of the impact plate A41 is set as a detachable rigid plate end fixed with bolts, and the right side of the threaded adjusting column 47 is set as a hexagonal cap plate. The center of the inner side of the movable frame 42 is connected to the positioning shaft 45, and the positioning shaft 45 is inserted into the shaft cylinder 44 through the through hole. The hexagonal cap plate is a very common and standard mechanical structure interface. The operator can use a general wrench to directly put on the hexagonal cap plate for rotation. Rotating the threaded adjusting column 47 can drive it to screw in or out in the internal threaded sleeve frame 48, thereby precisely controlling the working gap between the impact plate A41 and the crushing roller 21. The positioning shaft 45 extends from the inner center of the movable frame 42 and inserts into the through hole inside the shaft cylinder 44. The shaft-hole fit ensures that the impact force is transmitted directly and centrally from the movable frame 42 to the shaft cylinder 44, avoiding eccentric torque. At the same time, it determines the radial position of the movable frame 42 relative to the shaft cylinder 44, ensuring the centering of the entire assembly. This allows the movable frame 42, together with the positioning shaft 45, to swing slightly around the through hole of the shaft cylinder 44 within a certain angle, or to be axially fixed relative to the shaft cylinder 44 but able to move together. This allows the counter-attack plate A41 to adapt to non-frontal impacts through the slight swing of the movable frame 42, preventing the mechanism from jamming and more effectively guiding the impact force to the axial direction of the buffer spring A49, ensuring the effective operation of the buffer system and the flexibility of the mechanism's movement.

[0027] The second impact section 5 includes an impact plate B51 rotatably mounted inside the machine cover plate 31, and a force-bearing rod 52 is movably mounted on the right side of the impact plate B51. The force-bearing rod 52 passes through the fixed cylinder 57 on the right side and is connected to the inner plate A53. The fixed cylinder 57 is fixed to the surface of the outer plate 33. A lower locking plate 56 is inserted into the right side of the fixed cylinder 57 through a threaded hole, and the inner plate B55 is connected to the left side of the lower locking plate 56. A buffer spring B54 is provided between the inner plate B55 and the inner plate A53 for buffering. When the crushing roller 21 strikes for the first time... When the material impacts the impact plate B51 at high speed, the impact force is transmitted to the force rod 52 through the hinge point that is movably installed. The impact force drives the inner plate A53 to compress the buffer spring B54 between it and the inner plate B55. The deformation of the buffer spring B54 absorbs the huge instantaneous impact energy, transforming the hard collision into elastic buffering, which greatly reduces the impact load and fatigue damage to the machine cover plate 31, the outer plate 33 and other fixed structures. At the same time, it reduces the overall vibration and noise of the equipment, and improves the durability and smooth operation of the equipment. The lower disc 56 is screwed into the right side of the fixed cylinder 57 through the threaded hole. When the lower disc 56 is rotated, it can move axially along the fixed cylinder 57. Since the lower disc 56 is connected to the inner disc B55 on the left side, the rotation operation can directly push the inner disc B55. This action will change the initial compression of the buffer spring B54 and ultimately adjust the initial position of the movable part composed of the force rod 52, the inner disc A53 and the spring B54, thereby precisely adjusting the working gap between the impact plate B51 and the outer edge of the crushing roller 21. By adjusting this gap, the number of times the material is repeatedly bounced and impacted in the crushing chamber and the final crushed particle size can be controlled to meet the requirements of different output specifications. The second impact part 5 is installed after the material flows through the first impact part 4. The two impact mechanisms and the emergency unloading part 36 together form a multi-stage impact crushing zone. The three work together to continuously and gradually crush the material after it has been initially crushed by the crushing roller 21, ensuring that the material is fully crushed to the target particle size, and jointly improving the crushing efficiency and the uniformity of the finished product.

[0028] The bottom end of the waste bin plate 1 is the discharge end. The emergency unloading component 36 includes a guide plate 361 that is rotatably installed on the bottom end of the inner wall of the machine cover plate 31. The bottom end of the guide plate 361 is connected to the bottom end of the machine cover plate 31 through a hydraulic rod A363. The guide plate 361 has a trapezoidal structure. The long side of the guide plate 361 is normally inclined, and the inclined surface faces the upper left.

[0029] The guide plate 361 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the inner wall of the machine cover plate 31 and is located above and to the side of the crushing roller 21. This position places it in the primary flow path of materials after they enter the crushing chamber and in a traditionally clogged area. The overall structure is trapezoidal, with the long side normally inclined, and the inclined surface facing the upper left. When the hydraulic rod A363 extends to support it, it naturally forms a rigid guide ramp that smoothly transitions from the upper right to the lower left of the crushing roller 21. This can efficiently and centrally guide materials from the feed inlet or the previous stage of crushing to the hammering area of ​​the high-speed rotating crushing roller 21, avoiding the disorderly scattering or accumulation of materials in the waste bin plate 1 cavity, thereby improving the feeding efficiency and the smoothness of the crushing process from the source. Several cutting blades 362 are evenly arranged on its surface, and an inclined blade end is opened on one side. When materials, especially those containing tough impurities such as plastic sheeting, wood strips, and residual waterproof membrane, slide down the inclined surface with impact force, these blades can cut and sever them, effectively solving the industry problem of flexible impurities entangled in the crushing rotor or clogging the screen, and realizing the preliminary purification and pretreatment of materials at the front end of crushing. When the sensor detects a current overload or the operator determines that material is stuck, the control system commands the piston rod of hydraulic rod A363 to retract rapidly, causing the guide plate 361 to lose its bottom support and instantly flip downwards with its top rotating mounting point as the axis. After the guide plate 361 flips downwards, part of the guide channel originally formed by its inclined surface and the bin wall is opened, instantly expanding the cross-sectional area of ​​the discharge channel at the bottom of the waste bin plate 1 crushing chamber. This removes the obstruction and gravity induces the material stuck between the crushing roller 21 and the discharge port of the waste bin plate 1, allowing it to loosen and accelerate under gravity. The discharge mechanism provides the most direct and fastest release path for congested materials, achieving a shift from passive shutdown to active, dynamic, and online deblocking. The first impact section 4 and the second impact section 5 are responsible for the secondary and tertiary crushing and particle size control of the materials. The material guiding design of the emergency unloading component 36 ensures uninterrupted material flow, indirectly ensuring the continuous and effective operation of the first impact section 4 and the second impact section 5. At the same time, its rapid deblocking function also prevents the congested materials from causing continuous abnormal pressure or damage to the impact plate A41, impact plate B51, and their adjustment and buffer structure.

[0030] The long side surface of the guide plate 361 is provided with a number of cutting blades 362 at equal intervals, and one side of the cutting blades 362 is provided with an inclined blade end.

[0031] The guide plate 361 is supported by the hydraulic rod A363, allowing the inclined surface of the guide plate 361, located on the right side of the crushing roller 21, to guide the waste material to the surface of the crushing roller 21. The waste material is then crushed by impact from the hammer plate 24, hook plate 23, and guide tooth plate 22 on the surface of the crushing roller 21. When waste material becomes stuck inside the waste bin plate 1, a current sensor is integrated into the power supply circuit of the torque-increasing variable frequency motor 25 to automatically detect the stuck state. This current sensor monitors the motor 25 in real time. The operating current is transmitted to the equipment's control system. The control system has a preset current threshold range corresponding to normal crushing conditions. When the operating current of the motor 25 is detected to continuously exceed the preset threshold for a certain period of time, the control system determines that material blockage may occur in the crushing chamber 1. It then sends a control command to the hydraulic rod A363. The piston rod end of the hydraulic rod A363 can retract to drive the guide plate 361 to rotate downward around the hinge point, thereby expanding the opening at the bottom of the waste bin plate 1 and reducing the probability of material blockage when discharging waste.

[0032] Working principle: First, construction waste is conveyed to the feed inlet of the waste bin 1, where it comes into contact with the high-speed rotating crushing roller 21. The guide tooth plate 22, which has the lowest height on the roller surface, performs preliminary sorting and guiding of the material, preventing large pieces of material from accumulating in the feed area and smoothly introducing it into the subsequent crushing area. As the material continues to move forward with the rotation, it is captured by the hook plate 23, which is located at the middle height. The hook plate 23 hooks and tears materials containing tough impurities such as steel bars and wood strips, effectively peeling off or cutting off entangled impurities, solving the core problem of easy blockage, and pre-cracking large pieces of material. After the material has been processed in the first two stages, it finally reaches the range of action of the highest impact hammer plate 24. The impact hammer plate 24 uses maximum linear velocity and kinetic energy to finally crush the material. At the same time, the emergency guide unloading component 36 installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the machine cover plate 31, supported by its hydraulic rod A363, keeps the inclined surface of the guide plate 361 facing the crushing roller 21 on the upper left, forming an efficient guide ramp that continuously concentrates and guides the material to the crushing zone. The cutting blade 362 on its surface further cuts any flexible impurities that may exist when the material slides over it. Secondly, the material that has been initially crushed is thrown by centrifugal force toward the first impact part 4 and the second impact part 5 installed inside the machine cover plate 31. The material hits the impact plate A41 and the impact plate B51. The impact force is absorbed by the buffer spring A49 and the buffer spring B54 respectively, reducing the rigid impact of the equipment. The material is repeatedly bounced back in this process and collides again with the subsequent flying material or the crushing roller 21 to achieve multiple crushing. The crushed material that meets the particle size requirements is discharged through the discharge end at the bottom of the waste bin plate 1 under the action of gravity and enters the subsequent sorting or collection process. Next, the current sensor integrated into the power supply circuit of the torque-increasing variable frequency motor 25 monitors the operating current of the torque-increasing variable frequency motor 25 in real time and transmits the signal to the equipment control system. When the load increases sharply due to material blockage in the crushing chamber, the current of the motor 25 continuously exceeds the normal threshold preset by the control system. The system determines that there is a risk of material jamming or that material jamming has occurred. The control system immediately sends a command to the hydraulic rod A363 to make its piston rod retract quickly. The retraction of the hydraulic rod A363 causes the guide plate 361 it supports to lose its bottom support point and quickly flip downward with its top hinge point as the axis. Instantly, it opens the space between the guide plate 361 and the bin wall, expands the cross-sectional area of ​​the discharge channel at the bottom of the crushing chamber, and the material blocked between the crushing roller 21 and the discharge port obtains a new discharge path under the push of gravity and material flow, so as to quickly loosen and discharge, thereby relieving the jamming state. After the blockage is cleared, the control system commands the hydraulic rod A363 to extend and reset the guide plate 361 to the inclined guiding state. The equipment automatically resumes the normal crushing process. Finally, when the equipment completes its operation or requires maintenance, first execute the normal shutdown procedure, start the hydraulic system, extend the piston rod of hydraulic rod B37, and push the machine cover plate 31 to rotate upward and open with its bottom hinge point with the waste bin plate 1 as the axis. At this time, the inside of the crushing chamber is fully exposed. In turn, check or replace the impact hammer plate 24, hook plate 23 and guide tooth plate 22 on the crushing roller 21, check the wear of the detachable hard plate end on the impact plate A41 and impact plate B51, and replace them.

[0033] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A civil engineering construction waste treatment device, comprising a waste silo plate (1), characterized in that, It also includes, The crushing mechanism (2) includes a crushing roller (21) rotatably installed inside the waste bin plate (1). Several hammer plates (24) for crushing waste are fixedly provided on the surface of the crushing roller (21). The shaft end of the crushing roller (21) is driven and connected to a torque-increasing variable frequency motor (25). The lifting part (3) is movably fastened to the top of the waste bin plate (1). The lifting part (3) includes a machine cover plate (31) and a hydraulic rod B (37) for driving the machine cover plate (31) to open and close. An emergency unloading component (36) is movably installed on the inner side of the bottom end of the machine cover plate (31). The emergency unloading component (36) includes a guide plate (361), a plurality of cutting blades (362) disposed on the surface of the guide plate (361), and a hydraulic rod A (363) for driving the guide plate (361) to rotate. The first counterattack part (4) is installed inside the machine cover plate (31) and includes a counterattack plate A (41), a movable frame (42) movably connected to the counterattack plate A (41), a ring plate (43) sleeved on the shaft cylinder (44) and a buffer spring A (49), a positioning shaft (45) connected to the shaft cylinder (44), a fixing plate (46), a threaded adjusting column (47) and a threaded sleeve frame (48) for fixing the threaded adjusting column (47). The second counterattack part (5) is installed inside the machine cover plate (31) and includes a counterattack plate B (51), a force rod (52) movably connected to the counterattack plate B (51), an inner plate A (53) and an inner plate B (55) sleeved on the force rod (52) and connected by a buffer spring B (54), and a lower buckle plate (56) and a fixing cylinder (57) fixing the inner plate B (55).

2. The civil engineering construction waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two hook plates (23) are provided between two adjacent hammer plates (24), and a guide tooth plate (22) is provided between two adjacent hook plates (23). The heights of the hammer plates (24), hook plates (23) and guide tooth plates (22) decrease sequentially and are all fixed to the surface of the crushing roller (21).

3. The civil engineering construction waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machine cover plate (31) is connected to a diameter plate (32) on the back. The diameter plate (32) passes through the through groove of the outer plate (33). The outer plate (33) is connected to a guide rail (34) on the side of the through groove. The guide rail (34) is slidably installed in the diameter plate (32) through the rail groove.

4. The civil engineering construction waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The threaded sleeve bracket (48) of the first counterattack part (4) is fixed to the top of the outer plate (33), and the fixing plate (46) is installed on the right side of the machine cover (31).

5. The civil engineering construction waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left side of the counter-attack plate A (41) is configured as a detachable hard plate end fixed by bolts, and the right side of the threaded adjustment column (47) is configured as a hexagonal cap plate structure.

6. The civil engineering construction waste treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixing cylinder (57) of the second counterattack part (5) is fixed to the surface of the outer plate (33), and the lower buckle (56) is inserted into the right side of the fixing cylinder (57) by threaded connection.

7. A civil engineering construction waste treatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide plate (361) of the emergency unloading component (36) is generally trapezoidal in shape, with its long side inclined under normal conditions and the inclined surface facing the top of the crushing roller (21).

8. A civil engineering construction waste treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diameter plate (32) has several positioning holes equidistantly opened on its side, and the guide rail (34) is inserted into the positioning holes on both sides of the diameter plate (32) by locking bolts (35).

9. A civil engineering construction waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The machine cover plate (31) is driven by the piston rod of the hydraulic rod B (37) to rotate and open and close with the hinge point with the waste bin plate (1) as the axis. The bottom end of the waste bin plate (1) is set as the discharge end.

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