Forging forming method for rough shape of M-shaped structural part

Abstract

The invention provides a forging forming method for an M-shaped structural part blank. The forging forming method comprises the steps that a bar or a plate is forged into a first blank; the first blank is erected and placed on a lower hammer anvil; the center position of the first blank is pressed to be concave, the shape of a first groove is primarily pressed out, the first blank is shaped into a second blank, and a second open plate is placed in the groove of the second blank; the third rough blank is placed on a lower hammer anvil; a third open plate is placed in the center of the top end of the third blank, a second groove is pressed out, and the third open plate is shaped into a fourth blank; the fourth rough blank is erected and placed on a lower hammer anvil; the second open plate is placed in the center of the first groove of the fourth rough blank; a second open plate is used for continuously pressing the first groove of the fourth rough blank, and shaping is conducted to obtain a fifth rough blank; the fifth rough blank is turned over by 180 degrees; the second groove of the fifth blank continues to be pressed, and the fifth blank is shaped into a sixth blank; by means of the method, manufacturing of the M-shaped structural part rough type can be completed under the condition of low material loss, and raw material waste generated under the conditions that the rough type is designed to be large and the needed shape is directly machined through a plate is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hot forging technology, specifically relating to a forging method for an M-shaped structural part rough shape. Background Technology

[0002] The M-shaped structural member rough shape mainly consists of three parts: a left inclined leg, a right inclined leg, and a central crossbeam. The left and right inclined legs are located on either side of the rough shape and are symmetrical. The inclination angle of the left and right inclined legs (the angle between the outer inclined sides of the left and right inclined legs and the central axis) is less than 25°. The inner sides of the left and right inclined legs, together with the upper end face of the central crossbeam, form an upper isosceles trapezoidal groove structure with an upward-facing opening and an upper base greater than the lower base. The inner sides of the left and right inclined legs, together with the lower end face of the central crossbeam, form a lower isosceles trapezoidal groove structure with a downward-facing opening and an upper base smaller than the lower base. The length of both sides of the opening of the upper isosceles trapezoidal groove structure is greater than 0.60 times its groove depth, and the length of both sides of the opening of the lower isosceles trapezoidal groove structure is greater than 0.70 times its groove depth. The total length of the top end of the blank is less than the total length of the bottom end of the blank. The width of the blank is 0.35-0.65 times the total length of the bottom end of the blank. The overall thickness of the blank is relatively thin, with the maximum thickness being 0.25-0.35 times the width of the blank. The die forging corresponding to the blank of the M-shaped structural part is also M-shaped, and the external shape of the M-shaped die forging is more complex and irregular. Therefore, the requirements for the dimensions of the blank are higher for M-shaped die forgings.

[0003] M-shaped structural parts are irregularly shaped structural parts with extremely complex external structures. Free forging is extremely difficult, resulting in poor consistency between the forged part and the actual product. Furthermore, they have low compatibility with the corresponding die forgings, and severe material shortages are common in multiple areas after die forging. Once these forgings suffer from severe material shortages, rework is extremely difficult, leading to a very high scrap rate.

[0004] To ensure a high yield rate for M-shaped forgings, the blank size is often designed to be "fat and large," or suitable sheet metal is directly machined into the required blank shape. Both of these approaches significantly reduce the material utilization rate of the forgings (usually less than 65%) and increase production costs. For some metal materials with relatively high raw material unit prices, such as TC21, TC18, and A-100, this is an even greater waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a forging method for M-shaped structural parts, enabling the production of these parts with high efficiency. It is applicable to the forging of M-shaped structural parts made from various materials, ensuring high stability and operability in each forging step, ultimately meeting the forming requirements of the corresponding M-shaped forgings. This invention is particularly beneficial for forging M-shaped structural parts with high material deformation resistance and large projected area.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows: A forging method for an M-shaped structural component rough shape, comprising: Step 1: Forge the bar or plate into the first blank; Step 2: Stand the first blank upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment, with the long base of the trapezoidal cross section of the first blank facing upwards, and place the first cut plate at the center of the top of the first blank. Step 3: Use a cutting board to press and dent the center of the first blank, initially creating the shape of the first groove, and then shape it into the second blank. Step 4: Place the second blank into the groove of the second blank. Step 5: Press the groove of the second blank again with the second blank, and then shape it into the third blank; Step Six: Turn the third billet 180° and stand it upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment, with the opening of the groove of the third billet facing down, and place the second shim at the center of the bottom of the groove of the third billet. Step 7: Place the third blank in the center of the top of the third blank; Step 8: Use the third pressing tool to create the second groove, and shape it to the fourth blank; Step 9: Flip the fourth blank 180° and place it upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment; Step 10: Place the second blank in the center of the first groove of the fourth blank; Step 11: Use the second cutting plate to continue pressing the first groove of the fourth blank, and shape it into the fifth blank; Step 12: Flip the fifth blank 180°, place the second cut plate at the center of the bottom of the first groove, and place the fourth cut plate at the center of the second groove; Step Thirteen: Use the fourth cutting board to press the second groove of the fifth blank further, and shape it into the sixth blank. Step Fourteen: Shape the sixth blank to the required blank size. During the shaping process, compare the blank with the template. The outer dimensions of the template are consistent with the outer dimensions of the blank.

[0007] In step one, The cross section of the first blank is an isosceles trapezoid. The slope of the trapezoidal cross section of the first blank is less than the slope of the left and right inclined legs of the blank. When the slope of the left and right inclined legs of the blank is less than 3°, the cross section of the first blank is rectangular. The thickness of the first blank is 0~30mm greater than the maximum thickness of the blank. B = (0.9~1.1)Bmax, B: Height of the trapezoidal section of the first rough billet Bmax: Maximum width of the bounding box L = (1.0~1.8)B, L: The length of the long base of the trapezoidal cross-section of the first rough billet. The volume ratio of the first blank to the mold is between 1.05 and 1.12 to ensure adequate material surplus throughout the forging process.

[0008] In step three, when the blank is pressed into shape using a cutting plate, the thickness of the middle part of the blank will increase, while the thickness of the two sides of the blank remains unchanged. When the ratio of the thickness of the middle part of the blank to the thickness of the two sides of the blank is greater than 2, the pressing is stopped, and the blank is rotated 90° to forge the middle part of the blank to the same thickness as the two sides of the blank. Then the blank is rotated 90° and placed upright to continue pressing into shape. This process is repeated. In addition, during the pressing process, the opening plate is moved left and right in the groove to gradually press it inward, so that the blank reaches the required size.

[0009] In step three, The main dimensions of the second rough blank meet the following requirements: LX1=LX+(5~30)mm, D1=(0.9~1)H1, LXK1=(0.60-0.75)×(LXmax-2LX) LX1: The length of both sides of the opening of the groove in the second blank. LX: The length on both sides of the groove opening on one side of the trapezoidal groove structure in the rough shape. D1: Depth of the grooved portion in the second rough blank. LXK1: Length of the groove opening in the second blank. LXmax: Total length of the bottom edge of the rough shape.

[0010] In step five, The main dimensions of the third rough blank meet the following requirements: LX2=LX, D² = (0.8~0.9)D B5=(0.4~0.6)×(Bmax-Dd), LXK2 = B2 + (10~30) mm, LX2: The length of both sides of the opening of the groove in the third blank. D2: Depth of the grooved portion of the third rough blank. B5: Width at the middle position of the third rough blank. d: Depth of the trapezoidal groove structure on the rough surface. LXK2: Length of the groove opening in the third blank.

[0011] in, In step eight, the main dimensions of the fourth blank meet the following requirements: LS1=LS+(10~35)mm, LSK1=B3+(5~20), d1=(0.9~1.0)H3, LS1: The length of both sides of the opening of the second groove in the fourth blank. LSK1: Length of the second groove opening in the fourth blank. d1: Depth of the second groove in the fourth blank.

[0012] In step eleven, The main dimensions of the fifth blank meet the following requirements: LX3=LX, LXK3=(0.90-0.95)×(LXmax-2LX), D3=(0.90~0.98)D, LX3: The length of both sides of the opening of the first groove in the fifth blank. LXK3: Length of the first groove opening of the fifth blank. D3: Depth of the first groove in the fifth blank.

[0013] In step thirteen, The main dimensions of the sixth blank meet the following requirements: LS2=LS, LSK2=(LSmax-2LS), d2=d, LS2: The length on both sides of the opening of the second groove in the sixth blank. LSK2: Length of the second groove opening in the sixth blank. d2: Depth of the second groove in the sixth blank.

[0014] in, The cross-section of the cut plate is a small semicircle with a central angle of less than 180°. The thickness of the cut plate is 80-150mm larger than the maximum thickness of the rough die, and smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil on the corresponding forging equipment; The cross-section of the second cut plate is an isosceles trapezoid, and the slope of the two sides of the trapezoid is the same as the slope of the isosceles trapezoidal groove structure under the rough die. The thickness of the second cut plate is 60-120mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough die, and smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil of the corresponding forging equipment. The cross-section of the third cut plate is a small semicircle with a center angle of less than 150°. The thickness of the third cut plate is 50-100 mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough die, and smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil on the corresponding forging equipment. The cross-section of the fourth open plate is an isosceles trapezoid. The slope of the two sides of the trapezoid is consistent with the slope of the two sides of the small isosceles trapezoidal groove structure of the rough shape. The thickness of the fourth open plate is 30~80mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough shape, and smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil of the corresponding forging equipment.

[0015] In this case, the edges of all the large flat sections of the cut plate are not chamfered, and the large flat sections are the contact surfaces with the hammer and anvil.

[0016] Beneficial effects: 1. This invention provides a forging method for M-shaped structural parts made of various metal materials. It provides certain guidance, and is particularly beneficial for the fabrication of M-shaped structural parts with high raw material unit prices and large forging projection areas; 2. The molding method for the M-shaped structural component rough shape designed in this invention can complete the production of the M-shaped structural component rough shape with low material consumption, avoiding the waste of raw materials caused by the "fat head and big ears" of the rough shape design and the direct machining of the required shape from the sheet metal; 3. The plate-opening method designed in this invention can reduce the difficulty of free forging operations and improve the consistency of the forged rough shape. 4. This invention has certain reference value for the forging and forming production of rough shapes for I-shaped or T-shaped structural parts. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rough shape of the M-shaped structural component. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the open-plate structure. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second open-plate structure. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-panel structure. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the four-panel structure. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the production process of the rough shape of an M-shaped structural component. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the production process of the rough shape of the M-shaped structural component. Figure 8 Three schematic diagrams illustrate the production process of the rough shape of the M-shaped structural component. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rough shape of the forged front and rear beams of a certain type of aircraft. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional dimensions of the first blank. Figure 11This is a schematic diagram showing the main cross-sectional dimensions of the second rough blank. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional dimensions of the third rough blank. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional dimensions of the fourth blank. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional dimensions of the fifth blank. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional dimensions of the sixth blank.

[0018] 1: First blank, 2: Second blank, 3: Third blank, 4: Fourth blank, 5: Fifth blank, 6: Sixth blank, K1: First blank, K2: Second blank, K3: Third blank, K4: Fourth blank. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This invention produces an M-shaped structural component rough shape through free forging (see...). Figure 1 The process involved four board openings (the first opening, K1, is shown below). Figure 2 The second board opening is K2. Figure 3 K3 will be seen after the opening of the board. Figure 4 The fourth board opening is K4. Figure 5 The auxiliary production process involves pressing out the lower isosceles trapezoidal groove structure of the rough shape using plate one and plate two, and pressing out the upper isosceles trapezoidal groove structure of the rough shape using plate three and plate four.

[0020] The main production process of the M-shaped structural component rough shape is divided into three parts: Production process one, see Figure 6 Use plate one and plate two as auxiliary tools to press out the first groove of the blank; corresponding to steps one to five; Production process two, see Figure 7 Use the second and third cutting plates as auxiliary tools to press out the second groove of the blank; corresponding to steps six to eight; Production process three, see Figure 8 Then, using cutting plates two and three, the first groove of the blank is pressed further, and the first groove is pressed to the lower isosceles trapezoidal groove structure size of the blank. Using cutting plates two and four, the second groove is pressed further, and the second groove is pressed to the upper isosceles trapezoidal groove structure size of the blank. Finally, the blank is shaped to the required size. This corresponds to steps nine to fourteen. The present invention discloses a forging method for an M-shaped structural component rough shape, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Forge the bar or plate into the first blank 1, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0021] The first blank has an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section. Because the slope of the blank gradually increases during the subsequent pressing process, the slope of the trapezoidal cross-section of the first blank must be less than the slopes of the left and right inclined legs of the blank. When the slopes of the left and right inclined legs are less than 3°, the cross-section of the first blank is rectangular. The thickness of the first blank must be 0-30mm greater than the maximum thickness of the blank.

[0022] B = (0.9~1.1)Bmax B: Height of the trapezoidal section of the first rough billet Bmax: Maximum width of the rough shape L = (1.0~1.8)B L: Length of the long base of the trapezoidal cross-section of the first rough billet The volume ratio of the first blank to the mold is between 1.05 and 1.12 to ensure adequate material surplus throughout the forging process.

[0023] Step Two: Stand the first blank 1 upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment, with the long base of the trapezoidal section of the first blank facing upwards. Then, cut plate K1 (e.g.) Figure 2 It is placed at the center of the top of the first blank.

[0024] The cross-section of plate K1 is a small semicircle with a central angle of less than 180°.

[0025] The thickness of the blank K1 needs to be 80~150mm larger than the maximum thickness of the rough die, but smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil on the corresponding forging equipment.

[0026] Because the thickness of the central part of the billet increases during the pressing process using a die-cutting plate, the die-cutting plate must be slightly thicker than the billet itself to prevent the plate from embedding into the billet during pressing, causing localized folding and interrupting production. As the forging process progresses, the deformation of the central part of the billet gradually decreases, allowing for a reduction in the thickness of the die-cutting plate used later, thus reducing its weight and the operator's workload. Furthermore, the edges of all large flat surfaces of the die-cutting plate (the contact surface with the hammer and anvil) are not chamfered to prevent the groove opening of the billet from bending towards the center during pressing, making further operation impossible.

[0027] The remaining dimensions of open panel K1 meet the following requirements: H1=D-(10~50)mm, B1=(0.3~0.5)L H1: Height of the small semicircular section of the first K1 section of the plate. D: Depth of the trapezoidal groove structure in the rough shape. B1: Width of the small semicircular section of plate K1.

[0028] Step 3: Use the cutting board K1 to press a concave shape into the center of the first blank, initially creating the shape of the first groove, and then shape it into the second blank 2, as shown. Figure 6 As shown.

[0029] When using a die-cutting plate to press and dent a blank, the thickness of the middle section of the blank increases, while the thickness of the sides remains unchanged. When the ratio of the thickness of the middle section to the thickness of the sides exceeds 2, the pressing and denting must be stopped. The blank should then be rotated 90° to forge the middle section to the same thickness as the sides. The blank should then be rotated 90° again, stood upright, and the pressing and denting process repeated. Therefore, during the pressing and denting process using a die-cutting plate, the width and thickness of all blanks remain unchanged, consistent with the first blank. Furthermore, during the pressing process, the die-cutting plate needs to be moved left and right within the groove to gradually press and dent the blank to the required dimensions.

[0030] The main dimensions of the second rough blank 2 meet the following requirements: LX1=LX+(5~30)mm, D1=(0.9~1)H1, LXK1=(0.60-0.75)×(LXmax-2LX) LX1: The length of both sides of the opening of the groove in the second blank. LX: The length on both sides of the groove opening on one side of the trapezoidal groove structure in the rough shape. D1: Depth of the grooved portion in the second rough blank. LXK1: Length of the groove opening in the second blank. LXmax: Total length of the bottom edge of the rough shape. Step 4: Open the board two K2 (such as Figure 3 (As shown) is placed in the groove of the second blank.

[0031] The cross-section of the second cut plate K2 is an isosceles trapezoid. The slope of the two sides of the trapezoid is the same as the slope of the two sides of the isosceles trapezoidal groove structure under the rough shape. The thickness of the second cut plate K2 needs to be 60~120mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough shape, but it needs to be smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil of the corresponding forging equipment.

[0032] The remaining dimensions of the second K2 open panel meet the following requirements: H2=D+(0~20)mm, B2=(1.05~1.25)LXK1 H2: Height of the trapezoidal cross-section of the open plate. B2: The length of the longer base of the trapezoidal cross-section of the open plate. RK = (0.80~0.90)R, RK: The fillet between the hypotenuses on both sides of the trapezoidal cross-section and its shorter base. R: The transition fillet between the two inclined surfaces of the trapezoidal groove structure and the middle crossbeam.

[0033] Step 5: Press the groove of the second blank again using the second blank K2, and then shape it into the third blank 3, as shown. Figure 6 As shown. The main dimensions of the third rough blank satisfy: LX2=LX, D² = (0.8~0.9)D B5=(0.4~0.6)×(Bmax-Dd), LXK2 = B2 + (10~30) mm, LX2: The length of both sides of the opening of the groove in the third blank. D2: Depth of the grooved portion of the third rough blank. B5: Width at the middle position of the third rough blank. d: Depth of the trapezoidal groove structure on the rough surface. LXK2: Length of the groove opening in the third blank.

[0034] Step Six: Turn the third blank 180° and stand it upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment, with the opening of the groove of the third blank facing down, and place the second K2 pad at the center of the bottom of the groove of the third blank.

[0035] Step 7: Open the board three K3 (such as Figure 4 (As shown) is placed at the center of the top of the third blank.

[0036] The cross-section of the third blank (K3) is a small semicircle with a center angle of less than 150°. The thickness of the third blank (K3) needs to be 50-100mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough die, but smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil on the corresponding forging equipment. The remaining dimensions of the third blank must meet the following requirements: H3=d-(5~30)mm, B3=(0.50~0.65)×(LSmax-2LS), H3: Height of the three small semicircular sections of the open plate. B3: Width of the three small semicircular sections of the open plate LSmax: The total length of the top edge of the wasteland. LS: The length on both sides of the groove opening on one side of the trapezoidal groove structure on the rough surface.

[0037] Step 8: Use the K3 cutting board to press out the second groove, and shape it to the fourth blank 4, as shown. Figure 7 As shown, The main dimensions of the fourth blank meet the following requirements: LS1=LS+(10~35)mm, LSK1=B3+(5~20), d1=(0.9~1.0)H3, LS1: The length of both sides of the opening of the second groove in the fourth blank. LSK1: Length of the second groove opening in the fourth blank. d1: Depth of the second groove in the fourth blank.

[0038] Step 9: Flip the fourth blank 180° and place it upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment, with the opening of the first groove facing upwards, and place the three-piece plate K3 at the center of the bottom of the second groove.

[0039] Step 10: Place the second blank K2 in the center of the first groove of the fourth blank.

[0040] Step 11: Use the second K2 plate to continue pressing the first groove of the fourth blank, and shape it into the fifth blank 5, as shown. Figure 8 As shown.

[0041] The main dimensions of the fifth blank meet the following requirements: LX3=LX, LXK3=(0.90-0.95)×(LXmax-2LX), D3=(0.90~0.98)D, LX3: The length of both sides of the opening of the first groove in the fifth blank. LXK3: Length of the first groove opening of the fifth blank. D3: Depth of the first groove in the fifth blank.

[0042] Step 12: Flip the fifth blank 180° so that the opening of the second groove faces upward, and place the second blank K2 at the center of the bottom of the first groove. Place the fourth blank K4 (as shown in the image)... Figure 5 (As shown) is placed in the center of the second groove.

[0043] The cross-section of the 4K4 cut plate is an isosceles trapezoid. The slope of the two sides of the trapezoid is the same as the slope of the two sides of the small isosceles trapezoidal groove structure of the rough shape. The thickness of the 4K4 cut plate needs to be 30~80mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough shape, but it needs to be smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil of the corresponding forging equipment.

[0044] The remaining dimensions of the four-K4 open-plate meet the following requirements: H4=d+(0~15)mm, B4=(1.1~1.3)LSK1, H4: Height of the trapezoidal section of the four-section plate (K4). B4: The side length of the long base of the trapezoidal cross-section of the open plate (K4). rk = (0.90~0.95)r, rk: The fillet radius between the hypotenuses on both sides of the trapezoidal cross-section of the open plate K4 and its shorter base. r: The transition fillet between the two inclined surfaces of the trapezoidal groove structure on the rough shape and the middle crossbeam.

[0045] Step Thirteen: Use the four-piece K4 press to continue pressing the second groove of the fifth blank, and shape it into the sixth blank 6, as shown. Figure 8 As shown.

[0046] The main dimensions of the sixth blank meet the following requirements: LS2=LS, LSK2=(LSmax-2LS), d2=d, LS2: The length on both sides of the opening of the second groove in the sixth blank. LSK2: Length of the second groove opening in the sixth blank. d2: Depth of the second groove in the sixth blank.

[0047] Step Fourteen: Shape the sixth blank to the required shape size. During the shaping process, compare the blank with the template. The template is also an "M" shape, and its outer dimensions are consistent with those of the blank.

[0048] The rough shape of the front and rear beams of a certain type of machine, material grade: TC21, is as follows. Figure 9 As shown, the rough shape consists of three parts: a left oblique leg, a right oblique leg, and a middle crossbeam. The left and right oblique legs are symmetrical, and the slope of both the left and right oblique legs is 6°. The length of the two sides of the groove opening of the upper isosceles trapezoidal groove structure is 1.56 times the groove depth, and the length of the two sides of the groove opening of the lower isosceles trapezoidal groove structure is 0.83 times the groove depth.

[0049] The total length of the top of the rough shape is less than the total length of the bottom. The height of the rough shape is 0.43 times the total length of the bottom, and the thickness of the rough shape is 0.27 times the width. It belongs to a typical M-type structural component rough shape.

[0050] The thickness of the first to sixth blanks is 80mm. The cross-sectional dimensions of the first blank are shown below. Figure 10 The main cross-sectional dimensions of the second blank are shown in [reference]. Figure 11 The main cross-sectional dimensions of the third blank are shown in [reference]. Figure 12 The main cross-sectional dimensions of the fourth blank are shown in [reference]. Figure 13 The main cross-sectional dimensions of the fifth blank are shown in [reference]. Figure 14 The main cross-sectional dimensions of the sixth blank are shown in [reference]. Figure 15 .

[0051] The forging blanks for the front and rear beams of a certain type of machine are produced on a 3t free forging hammer. The width of the hammer anvil on this forging equipment is 300mm. Four blanking plates are used for auxiliary production during the forging process, and according to... Figure 9 A 1:1 scale model of the rough shape shown is made for the final shaping process.

[0052] The main dimensions of the four open panels designed are as follows: The cross-section of the first plate is a small semicircle with a center angle of 168°. The height of the small semicircle section is 90mm, the width of the small semicircle section is 200mm, and the thickness of the first plate is 200mm.

[0053] The cross-section of the second open plate is an isosceles trapezoid with a slope of 10° on both sides, a height of 120mm, a side length of 360mm for the long base, a fillet radius of R50 for the transition between the slopes on both sides and the short base, and a thickness of 180mm.

[0054] The cross-section of the third open plate is a small semicircle with a center angle of 130°. The height of the small semicircle is 70mm, the width of the small semicircle is 220mm, and the thickness of the third open plate is 150mm.

[0055] The cross-section of the fourth open plate is an isosceles trapezoid with a slope of 30° on both sides, a height of 80mm, a side length of 290mm for the long base, a fillet radius of R75 between the slopes on both sides and the short base, and a thickness of 120mm.

[0056] The forging process of the rough shape of the front and rear beam forgings of a certain type of machine is as follows: Step 1: Forge the bar or plate with dimensions of Φ250×295 to the size of the first blank.

[0057] Step 2: Stand the first blank upright on the lower anvil of the 3t free forging hammer, with the long base of the trapezoidal section of the first blank (i.e., dimension 440) facing upwards. Then place the first blank in the center of the top of the first blank.

[0058] Step 3: Use a cutting board to press and dent the center of the first blank, initially pressing out the shape of the first groove, and then shape it to the size of the second blank.

[0059] Step 4: Place the second open plate into the first groove.

[0060] Step 5: Press the first groove again with the second plate, and then shape it to the size of the third blank.

[0061] Step Six: Flip the third blank 180° and place it upright on the lower anvil of the 3t free forging hammer, with the opening of the first groove facing down, and place the second open plate at the center of the bottom of the first groove.

[0062] Step 7: Place the third blank on the center of the top of the third blank.

[0063] Step 8: Use the third pressing tool to create the second groove and shape it to the size of the fourth blank.

[0064] Step Nine: Flip the fourth blank 180° and place it upright on the lower anvil of the 3t free forging hammer. With the opening of the first groove facing upwards, place the three-piece plate at the center of the bottom of the second groove.

[0065] Step 10: Place the second blank in the center of the first groove of the fourth blank.

[0066] Step 11: Use the second cutting plate to continue pressing the first groove and shape it to the size of the fifth blank.

[0067] Step 12: Flip the fifth blank 180° and stand it upright on the lower anvil of the 3t free forging hammer, with the opening of the second groove facing upwards. Place the second cutting plate at the center of the bottom of the first groove and place the fourth cutting plate at the center of the second groove.

[0068] Step 13: Use the fourth sheet to press the second groove of the fifth blank again and shape it to the size of the sixth blank.

[0069] Step Fourteen: Shape the sixth blank to... Figure 9 The rough shape dimensions shown are compared using a special template during the shaping process.

[0070] Ultimately, the forging blanks for the front and rear beams of a certain type of machine were successfully produced. The production process was stable, each step was highly operable, and the dimensions of the forged blanks were consistent, which could meet the forming requirements of the corresponding front and rear beam die forgings for a certain type of machine.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any simple modifications, alterations, and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forging method for an M-shaped structural component rough shape, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Forge the bar or plate into the first blank; Step 2: Stand the first blank upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment, with the long base of the trapezoidal cross section of the first blank facing upwards, and place the first cut plate at the center of the top of the first blank. Step 3: Use a cutting board to press and dent the center of the first blank, initially creating the shape of the first groove, and then shape it into the second blank. Step 4: Place the second blank into the groove of the second blank. Step 5: Press the groove of the second blank again with the second blank, and then shape it into the third blank; Step Six: Turn the third billet 180° and stand it upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment, with the opening of the groove of the third billet facing down, and place the second shim at the center of the bottom of the groove of the third billet. Step 7: Place the third blank in the center of the top of the third blank; Step 8: Use the third pressing tool to create the second groove, and shape it to the fourth blank; Step 9: Flip the fourth blank 180° and place it upright on the lower hammer anvil of the corresponding forging equipment; Step 10: Place the second blank in the center of the first groove of the fourth blank; Step 11: Use the second cutting plate to continue pressing the first groove of the fourth blank, and shape it into the fifth blank; Step 12: Flip the fifth blank 180°, place the second cut plate at the center of the bottom of the first groove, and place the fourth cut plate at the center of the second groove; Step Thirteen: Use the fourth cutting board to press the second groove of the fifth blank further, and shape it into the sixth blank. Step Fourteen: Shape the sixth blank to the required shape size, and compare the shape with the template made during the shaping process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, The cross section of the first blank is an isosceles trapezoid. The slope of the trapezoidal cross section of the first blank is less than the slope of the left and right inclined legs of the blank. When the slope of the left and right inclined legs of the blank is less than 3°, the cross section of the first blank is rectangular. The thickness of the first blank is 0~30mm greater than the maximum thickness of the blank. B = (0.9~1.1)Bmax, B: Height of the trapezoidal section of the first rough billet Bmax: Maximum width of the bounding box L = (1.0~1.8)B, L: The length of the long base of the trapezoidal cross-section of the first rough billet. The volume ratio of the first blank to the mold is between 1.05 and 1.12 to ensure adequate material surplus throughout the forging process.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, when the blank is pressed and dented with a cutting plate, the thickness of the middle part of the blank will increase, while the thickness of the two sides of the blank will remain unchanged. When the ratio of the thickness of the middle part of the blank to the thickness of the two sides of the blank is greater than 2, the pressing and denting is stopped, and the blank is rotated 90° to forge the middle part of the blank to the same thickness as the two sides of the blank. Then the blank is rotated 90° and placed upright to continue pressing and denting. This process is repeated. In addition, during the pressing process, the opening plate is moved left and right in the groove to gradually press it inward, so that the blank reaches the required size.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, The main dimensions of the second rough blank meet the following requirements: LX1=LX+(5~30)mm, D1=(0.9~1)H1, LXK1=(0.60-0.75)×(LXmax-2LX) LX1: The length of both sides of the opening of the groove in the second blank. LX: The length on both sides of the groove opening on one side of the trapezoidal groove structure in the rough shape. D1: Depth of the grooved portion in the second rough blank. LXK1: Length of the groove opening in the second blank. LXmax: Total length of the bottom edge of the rough shape.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, The main dimensions of the third rough blank meet the following requirements: LX2=LX, D² = (0.8~0.9)D B5=(0.4~0.6)×(Bmax-Dd), LXK2 = B2 + (10~30) mm, LX2: The length of both sides of the opening of the groove in the third blank. D2: Depth of the grooved portion of the third rough blank. B5: Width at the middle position of the third rough blank. d: Depth of the trapezoidal groove structure on the rough surface. LXK2: Length of the groove opening in the third blank.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step eight, the main dimensions of the fourth blank meet the following requirements: LS1=LS+(10~35)mm, LSK1=B3+(5~20), d1=(0.9~1.0)H3, LS1: The length of both sides of the opening of the second groove in the fourth blank. LSK1: Length of the second groove opening in the fourth blank. d1: Depth of the second groove in the fourth blank.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step eleven, The main dimensions of the fifth blank meet the following requirements: LX3=LX, LXK3=(0.90-0.95)×(LXmax-2LX), D3=(0.90~0.98)D, LX3: The length of both sides of the opening of the first groove in the fifth blank. LXK3: Length of the first groove opening of the fifth blank. D3: Depth of the first groove in the fifth blank.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step thirteen, The main dimensions of the sixth blank meet the following requirements: LS2=LS, LSK2=(LSmax-2LS), d2=d, LS2: The length on both sides of the opening of the second groove in the sixth blank. LSK2: Length of the second groove opening in the sixth blank. d2: Depth of the second groove in the sixth blank.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the cut plate is a small semicircle with a central angle of less than 180°. The thickness of the cut plate is 80-150mm larger than the maximum thickness of the rough die, and smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil on the corresponding forging equipment; The cross-section of the second cut plate is an isosceles trapezoid, and the slope of the two sides of the trapezoid is the same as the slope of the isosceles trapezoidal groove structure under the rough die. The thickness of the second cut plate is 60-120mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough die, and smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil of the corresponding forging equipment. The cross-section of the third cut plate is a small semicircle with a center angle of less than 150°. The thickness of the third cut plate is 50-100 mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough die, and smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil on the corresponding forging equipment. The cross-section of the fourth open plate is an isosceles trapezoid. The slope of the two sides of the trapezoid is consistent with the slope of the two sides of the small isosceles trapezoidal groove structure of the rough shape. The thickness of the fourth open plate is 30~80mm greater than the maximum thickness of the rough shape, and smaller than the width of the hammer and anvil of the corresponding forging equipment.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, All the large flat surfaces of the cut plates have no chamfered edges, and these large flat surfaces are the contact surfaces with the hammer and anvil.

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