Aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of spot welding equipment, and discloses aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment which comprises a resistance welding machine provided with a movable electrode tip and a fixed electrode tip which are vertically arranged along the Y axis, and a welding area is formed between the movable electrode tip and the fixed electrode tip; an F-shaped positioning mechanism is arranged between the movable electrode tip and the fixed electrode tip, the F-shaped positioning mechanism is horizontally arranged along the X axis, and a U-shaped avoiding groove is formed in the position, located in the welding area, of the F-shaped positioning mechanism; a smoke suction module is mounted on the F-shaped positioning mechanism, smoke dust and waste gas generated in the welding process are captured and collected in real time, and the environment of a working area is prevented from being damaged by smoke gas; the smoke suction module synchronously pumps and discharges along with the moving electrode, the piston is pressurized and exhausts during descending, the negative pressure smoke suction is performed during ascending, extra power is avoided, and the occupied area is zero; the bidirectional isolating valve ensures that smoke only enters but not exits, the smoke is discharged after being purified by the filter element, aluminum alloy smoke is captured from the source, preheating is not disturbed in winter, the defect of blowing away by a fan is eradicated, and cleanliness and safety are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys, and in particular to a resistance spot welding device for aluminum alloys. Background Technology

[0002] Resistance welding is a commonly used pressure welding process. Theoretically, since it does not involve the combustion or melting of filler materials, the amount of smoke emitted during the resistance welding process is extremely low. However, in actual production applications, due to the influence of various external factors, it still produces significant smoke, which causes problems for production operations. Specifically, it manifests in the following aspects. When there is oil, cutting fluid, grease or oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy, organic fumes will be generated during the welding process due to high-temperature evaporation, cracking and oxidation. Excessive current or prolonged energizing time can lead to localized overheating, causing low-boiling-point alloying elements (such as Mg and Zn) in the aluminum alloy to evaporate and form metal oxide fumes. If the electrode tip is covered with aluminum shavings, oxides, or grease, it will also evaporate or oxidize at the high temperature of welding, forming fumes. These factors are difficult to completely avoid in actual production, and the conventional resistance welding machines on the market do not integrate a dedicated fume collection and treatment device. To address the issue of smoke and dust, operators typically place floor fans in the work area to disperse the smoke and dust. However, this approach has significant drawbacks: firstly, welding stations require sufficient space for workpiece storage and the passage of transfer carts; additional fans further encroach on this space, increasing the risk of personnel collisions and equipment interference. Secondly, in low temperatures, continuous fan operation can cause the work area to become excessively cold, affecting operator comfort and potentially hindering the preheating of aluminum alloy workpieces, thus impacting welding quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment, the present invention is proposed.

[0004] The above-mentioned technical problems are solved by the following technical solution: This invention proposes an aluminum alloy resistance spot welding device, comprising, A resistance welding machine has a moving electrode head and a fixed electrode head arranged perpendicularly along the Y-axis, and the area between the moving electrode head and the fixed electrode head is a welding zone. An F-type positioning mechanism is provided between the moving electrode head and the fixed electrode head. The F-type positioning mechanism is horizontally arranged along the X-axis, and a U-shaped clearance groove is opened on the F-type positioning mechanism at the position of the welding area. The F-type positioning mechanism has a strip groove. During welding, the aluminum alloy to be welded slides horizontally into the welding area along the strip groove. A heat insulation layer is symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the strip groove to cover the weld nugget area after welding, so as to slow down the cooling rate, inhibit the formation of hardened structure, and thus reduce the risk of hot cracking. The F-type positioning mechanism is equipped with a fumigation module. The fumigation module generates a negative pressure zone above the welding area by using the power of the moving electrode head moving up / down along the Y-axis. It captures and collects the smoke and exhaust gas generated during the welding process in real time, preventing the smoke and exhaust gas from damaging the working environment.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: the F-type positioning mechanism includes an L-shaped plate, the vertical section of the L-shaped plate is provided with a strip plate, and the space between the strip plate and the horizontal section of the L-shaped plate forms a strip groove.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: an adjustment component is provided between the strip plate and the L-shaped plate. The adjustment component can adjust the thickness of the strip groove according to the thickness of the aluminum alloy to be welded by controlling the up / down movement of the strip plate.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: the fumigation module includes a U-shaped block, the U-shaped block has a first chamber and a second chamber, and the inner and outer sides of the U-shaped block are respectively provided with fumigation holes and exhaust holes at equal intervals, and the first chamber is provided with a vertically movable piston. The first chamber is connected to the smoking hole to form a smoking channel, and the second chamber is connected to the exhaust hole to form an exhaust channel.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: the upper end of the piston is fixed to the connecting seat of the moving electrode head by a fixing ring, and can realize the suction / venting action as the moving electrode head moves up / down.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: an isolation component is provided in the smoke extraction channel. When the smoke extraction is performed, the isolation component opens the smoke extraction channel to draw in the fumes from the welding area. When the smoke is exhausted, the smoke extraction channel is closed to prevent the fumes from returning along the original path. The smoking passage and the exhaust passage are connected by an isolation component two, which is closed when smoking and opened when exhausting smoke.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: the isolation component includes a partition plate, the partition plate divides the smoke extraction channel into a piston chamber and a smoke extraction chamber, and airflow reversing components are equidistantly arranged on the partition plate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: the isolation component two includes a ring, the ring connects the piston chamber and the exhaust channel, and a sealing plate is provided inside the ring. The sealing plate is elastically connected to the ring through an elastic element, and the ring is provided with grooves at equal intervals near the exhaust channel end. When smoking, the sealing plate, under the action of the elastic element and the negative pressure airflow, only adheres to the end of the ring near the piston chamber, forming a seal; During exhaust, the smoke passage is closed, and the airflow squeezes the sealing plate, causing the sealing plate to move radially along the ring to the side of the channel, thus forming a path connecting the piston chamber and the exhaust passage.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: a copper sheet is provided below the moving electrode head. During welding, the copper sheet is placed between the aluminum alloy to be welded and the moving electrode head. Through the surface contact conduction characteristics of the copper sheet, the point current distribution between the moving electrode head and the aluminum alloy can be converted into a surface current field, thus avoiding welding defects such as instantaneous overheating, molten pool splashing and burn-through on the surface of the aluminum alloy due to current concentration.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment of the present invention: the copper sheet and the fixing ring are elastically connected by an elastic element.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the smoke extraction module of this invention is synchronously drawn and discharged by the follow-up electrode: when it moves downward, the piston pressurizes and exhausts the exhaust; when it moves upward, it draws smoke under negative pressure, requiring no additional power and occupying zero space; the two-way isolation valve ensures that the smoke only enters and does not exit, and the filter element purifies the smoke before it is discharged, capturing aluminum alloy dust at the source, not disturbing preheating in winter, eliminating the drawbacks of fan blowing, and ensuring cleanliness and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Wherein: Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of an aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment is shown. Figure 2 The structural diagram of the F-type positioning mechanism in the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment is shown; Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 4 It shows Figure 1Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 5 A structural diagram of the fume extraction module in an aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment is shown. Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 7 The diagram shows the structure of the airflow reversing component in an aluminum alloy resistance spot welding device; Figure 8 The diagram shows the structure of the second isolation component in the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0017] The terminology used in this invention is that which is currently widely used in the art in consideration of the function of the invention; however, these terms may vary according to the intent of those skilled in the art, precedent, or new technology in the art. Furthermore, specific terms may be chosen by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the invention. Therefore, the terms used in this specification should not be construed as simple names, but rather based on their meanings and the overall description of the invention.

[0018] Reference Figure 1-3 This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy resistance spot welding device, including, Resistance welding machine 1 has a moving electrode head 11 and a fixed electrode head 12 arranged perpendicularly along the Y-axis, and the area between the moving electrode head 11 and the fixed electrode head 12 is the welding zone. It should be noted that the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy is about three times that of steel. After welding, the weld nugget and heat-affected zone will cool down rapidly within a few seconds, which will prevent the crystal structure from transforming uniformly. Rapid cooling will cause coarse and brittle intermetallic compounds (such as the β phase of Al-Mg system) to form inside the aluminum alloy. At the same time, the weld and aluminum alloy will shrink incompatiblely due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients, forming significant internal stress, which can easily cause the weld to crack. Furthermore, an F-type positioning mechanism 2 is provided between the moving electrode head 11 and the fixed electrode head 12. The F-type positioning mechanism 2 is horizontally arranged along the X-axis, and a U-shaped clearance groove 3 is provided on the F-type positioning mechanism 2 at the position of the welding area. The F-type positioning mechanism 2 has a strip groove 21. During welding, the aluminum alloy to be welded slides horizontally into the welding area along the strip groove 21. This design reduces the labor intensity of the operator by absorbing some of the manual hand force. On the other hand, the side wall of the strip groove 21 limits the edges of the two pieces of aluminum alloy to be welded, ensuring the straightness and centering of the weld joint and avoiding defects such as incomplete welding and misalignment caused by workpiece slippage. A heat insulation layer 211 is symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the strip groove 21. The aluminum alloy to be welded moves along the strip groove 21 and is welded in the welding area in sequence. However, after each weld is completed, it enters the heat insulation layer 211 again to cover the weld nugget area after welding, so as to slow down the cooling rate, inhibit the formation of hardened structure, and reduce the risk of hot cracking. This design integrates the welding and heat insulation processes in the same feeding path, realizes the immediate slow cooling of the weld point, and has the effects of simple structure and convenient operation. By reducing the cooling rate, the formation of hardened structure is inhibited, the gradual release of internal stress is promoted, the occurrence rate of hot cracking is reduced, and the mechanical properties and reliability of the welded joint are effectively improved.

[0019] It should be noted that: due to the different thicknesses of aluminum alloy plates, if the width of the strip groove 21 is fixed, there will be many limitations. Furthermore, the F-type positioning mechanism 2 includes an L-shaped plate 22, the vertical section of which is provided with a strip plate 23, and the space between the strip plate 23 and the horizontal section of the L-shaped plate 22 forms a strip groove 21. By adjusting the thickness of the strip groove 21, the welding of different aluminum alloy plates can be satisfied.

[0020] An adjustment component 24 is provided between the strip plate 23 and the L-shaped plate 22. The adjustment component 24 can adjust the thickness of the strip groove 21 according to the thickness of the aluminum alloy to be welded by controlling the up / down movement of the strip plate 23. Specifically, the adjustment component 24 includes guide grooves 241 symmetrically opened in the vertical section of the L-shaped plate 22. A guide block 242 that moves in the guide groove 241 is provided on the rear side of the strip plate 23. A screw 243 is vertically rotatably connected in the guide groove 241. The screw 243 passes through the guide block 242 and is threadedly connected to it. By rotating the screw 243 in the forward / reverse direction, the guide block 242 is driven to move up / down along the direction of screw thread rotation, thereby realizing the thickness adjustment of the strip groove 21.

[0021] As an optional embodiment: It should be noted that resistance welding is a pressure welding process that does not use filler materials such as welding wire or welding rods, and therefore rarely produces fumes. However, significant amounts of fumes can still be produced in the following situations: When there is oil, cutting fluid, grease or oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy, organic fumes will be generated during the welding process due to high-temperature evaporation, cracking and oxidation. Excessive current or prolonged energizing time can lead to localized overheating, causing low-boiling-point alloying elements (such as Mg and Zn) in the aluminum alloy to evaporate and form metal oxide fumes. If the electrode tip is covered with aluminum shavings, oxides, or grease, it will also evaporate or oxidize at the high temperature of welding, forming fumes. To address the issue of smoke and dust, operators typically place floor fans in the work area to disperse the smoke and dust. However, this approach has significant drawbacks: firstly, welding stations require sufficient space for workpiece storage and the passage of transfer carts; additional fans further encroach on this space, increasing the risk of personnel collisions and equipment interference. Secondly, in low temperatures, continuous fan operation can cause the work area to become excessively cold, affecting operator comfort and potentially hindering the preheating of aluminum alloy workpieces, thus impacting welding quality.

[0022] Reference Figure 4-8 In one embodiment provided in this application, a fumigation module 4 is installed on the F-type positioning mechanism 2. The fumigation module 4 generates a negative pressure zone above the welding area by means of the power of the moving electrode head 11 moving up / down along the Y-axis. It captures and collects the fumes and exhaust gases generated during the welding process in real time, preventing the fumes from damaging the working environment. This design is compact, requires no additional power source, and does not occupy additional working space, effectively avoiding the safety hazards of traditional fans occupying space. At the same time, by actively collecting fumes under negative pressure instead of blowing them away, it will not affect the temperature of the operating area or the preheating effect of the workpiece welding in low-temperature environments. It can control the diffusion of fumes from the source and ensure the cleanliness and safety of the working environment.

[0023] The smoking module 4 includes a U-shaped block 41, which has a first chamber 42 and a second chamber 43. Smoking holes 44 and exhaust holes 45 are equally spaced on the inner and outer sides of the U-shaped block 41, and a vertically movable piston 46 is provided in the first chamber 42. The first chamber 42 is connected to the smoking hole 44 to form a smoking passage, and the second chamber 43 is connected to the exhaust hole 45 to form an exhaust passage.

[0024] The upper end of the piston 46 is fixed to the connecting seat of the moving electrode head 11 by a fixing ring, and can perform suction / exhaust actions as the moving electrode head 11 moves up / down. The fixing ring and the connecting seat of the moving electrode head 11 are fastened with threads or bolts to achieve the effect of edge disassembly and assembly.

[0025] The smoking passage is equipped with an isolation component 47. When smoking, the isolation component 47 opens the smoking passage to draw in the fumes from the welding area, and when exhausting the fumes, it closes the smoking passage to prevent the fumes from returning along the original path. The smoking passage and the exhaust passage are connected by an isolation component 2 48, which is closed when smoking and opened when exhausting smoke.

[0026] The isolation assembly 47 includes a partition 471, which divides the smoke passage into a piston chamber and a smoke chamber, and airflow diverters 472 are equidistantly arranged on the partition 471. Specifically, the piston chamber is located above the smoking chamber. The piston component 46 includes a piston plate, the two sides of which are sealed to the inner wall of the piston chamber. Three piston rods are fixed at equal intervals above the piston plate. The piston rods are fixedly connected to the fixed ring. When the moving electrode head 11 moves up and down, it moves through the piston plate in the piston chamber. When the moving electrode head 11 moves downward, it is a welding action. At this time, the piston plate will squeeze downward. Since the airflow reversing component 472 closes the smoking channel at this time, the air pressure inside the piston chamber increases. As the downward action increases, the pressure will squeeze the isolation component 48, so that the piston chamber and the second chamber 43 are connected. The gas enters the second chamber 43. The second chamber 43 is equipped with a filter element, which can filter the smoke. The filtered gas is then discharged from the exhaust port 45. When the moving electrode head 11 moves upward after welding, it drives the piston plate to move in the piston chamber, creating a negative pressure in the piston chamber. Under this negative pressure, the isolation component 48 closes, shutting off the connection between the second chamber 43 and the piston chamber. At the same time, the airflow reversing component 472 opens, allowing the smoke passage to open. The fumes generated on the surface of the workpiece during welding will enter the piston chamber under the negative pressure near the smoke hole 44. When the moving electrode head 11 welds again, the smoke passage closes and the exhaust passage opens, achieving air exchange and filtration. This design can filter fumes and solve the problem of fumes polluting the working environment and causing harm to operators.

[0027] Specifically, the airflow reversing component 472 includes a cylindrical tube 4721, in which a sealing plate 4722 is movably disposed, and a retaining ring is provided inside the cylindrical tube 4721 to prevent the sealing plate 4722 from sliding down excessively. A sealing ring is provided at the top of the cylindrical tube 4721. A connecting groove 4723 is provided at equal intervals around the cylindrical tube 4721 between the retaining ring and the sealing ring. When there is negative pressure in the piston chamber, the sealing plate 4722 will be sucked upward. The sealing plate 4722 will move upward and be higher than the connecting groove 4723. At this time, the piston chamber is connected to the smoke hole 44 through the connecting groove 4723 and the cylindrical tube 4721, thereby forming a negative pressure space above the welding area, which effectively draws the fumes generated during welding into the piston chamber.

[0028] The second isolation component 48 includes a ring 481, which connects the piston chamber to the exhaust passage. A sealing plate 482 is provided inside the ring 481. The sealing plate 482 is elastically connected to the ring 481 through an elastic element 483. The ring 481 is provided with grooves 484 at equal intervals near the exhaust passage end. When smoking, the sealing plate 482, under the action of the elastic element 483 and the negative pressure airflow, only adheres to the end of the ring 481 near the piston chamber, forming a seal; During exhaust, the smoke passage is closed, and the airflow squeezes the sealing plate 482, causing the sealing plate 482 to move radially along the ring 481 to the side of the channel 484, thus forming a path connecting the piston chamber and the exhaust passage.

[0029] The elastic element 483 includes a bracket 4831, which is installed on the side of the ring 481 near the channel 484. A guide rod 4832 is fixed at the axis of the bracket 4831. One end of the guide rod 4832 passes through the sealing plate 482. A spring 4833 is sleeved on the guide rod 4832 between the bracket 4831 and the sealing plate 482. When the spring 4833 is not under force, it abuts against the sealing plate 482 and seals one end of the ring 481. When the pressure in the piston chamber increases, the air pressure pushes the sealing plate 482 to move along the guide rod 4832 and squeeze the spring 4833, so that the piston chamber communicates with the second chamber 43 through the channel 484 to complete the exhaust.

[0030] As an optional embodiment: It should be noted that aluminum alloy sheets are generally thin, and a high-resistivity oxide film is easily formed on the surface of aluminum alloys, making the electrode-workpiece interface resistance much higher than that of steel. If current is applied directly to the aluminum surface, localized heating will occur instantly and violently. The copper electrode head will heat up rapidly and undergo an alloying reaction with the aluminum, forming hard and brittle intermetallic compounds such as CuAl2, which will lead to aluminum adhesion to the electrode, pitting corrosion, and a sharp reduction in lifespan.

[0031] Reference Figure 4 In one embodiment provided in this application, a copper sheet 5 is provided below the moving electrode head 11. During welding, the copper sheet 5 is placed between the aluminum alloy to be welded and the moving electrode head 11. Through the surface contact conduction characteristics of the copper sheet 5, the point current distribution between the moving electrode head 11 and the aluminum alloy can be converted into a surface current field, avoiding welding defects such as instantaneous overheating, molten pool splashing and burn-through on the surface of the aluminum alloy due to current concentration.

[0032] The copper sheet 5 and the fixed ring are elastically connected by the elastic element 51.

[0033] The second elastic element 51 includes a second guide rod, which is fixed to the copper sheet 5. The other end of the second guide rod passes through a fixing ring. A second spring is fitted onto the second guide rod. The copper sheet 5 moves up and down synchronously with the movement of the moving electrode head 11. During welding, since the copper sheet 5 is located below the moving electrode head 11, it will first contact the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece. As the moving electrode head 11 continues to move downwards, the copper sheet 5 has no displacement space, which will cause the second guide rod to move upwards and compress the second spring until the moving electrode head 11 adheres to the copper sheet 5, completing the welding process. Because the diameter of the copper sheet 5 is larger than that of the moving electrode head 11, and it has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, it can share some of the contact resistance before the moving electrode head 11, transferring the main heat-generating area from the electrode-aluminum interface to the copper sheet-aluminum interface, reducing electrode overheating and alloying tendency. At the same time, the copper sheet 5 and the aluminum alloy will also undergo a diffusion reaction, but as a disposable or low-value consumable, it can remove most of the adhering material. After removing the copper sheet 5, the working surface of the moving electrode head 11 remains clean, avoiding solder joint tearing, grinding downtime, and improving continuous operation efficiency.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the methods and devices described in detail above are merely embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy resistance spot welding device, characterized in that: include, The resistance welding machine (1) has a moving electrode head (11) and a fixed electrode head (12) arranged vertically along the Y-axis, and the area between the moving electrode head (11) and the fixed electrode head (12) is the welding area; An F-type positioning mechanism (2) is provided between the moving electrode head (11) and the fixed electrode head (12). The F-type positioning mechanism (2) is horizontally arranged along the X-axis, and a U-shaped clearance groove (3) is provided on the F-type positioning mechanism (2) at the position of the welding area. The F-type positioning mechanism (2) has a strip groove (21). During welding, the aluminum alloy to be welded slides horizontally into the welding area along the strip groove (21), and a heat insulation layer (211) is symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the strip groove (21) to cover the molten nugget area after welding, so as to slow down the cooling rate, inhibit the formation of hardened structure, and reduce the risk of hot cracking. The F-type positioning mechanism (2) is equipped with a smoke-smoking module (4). The smoke-smoking module (4) generates a negative pressure zone above the welding area by means of the power of the moving electrode head (11) moving up / down along the Y-axis. It captures and collects the smoke and exhaust gas generated during the welding process in real time, so as to avoid the smoke and exhaust gas from damaging the working environment.

2. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The F-type positioning mechanism (2) includes an L-shaped plate (22), and a strip plate (23) is provided on the vertical section of the L-shaped plate (22). The space between the strip plate (23) and the horizontal section of the L-shaped plate (22) forms a strip groove (21).

3. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: An adjustment component (24) is provided between the strip plate (23) and the L-shaped plate (22). The adjustment component (24) can adjust the thickness of the strip groove (21) according to the thickness of the aluminum alloy to be welded by controlling the up / down movement of the strip plate (23).

4. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The smoking module (4) includes a U-shaped block (41), which has a first chamber (42) and a second chamber (43). Smoking holes (44) and exhaust holes (45) are equally spaced on the inner and outer sides of the U-shaped block (41). A vertically movable piston (46) is provided in the first chamber (42). The first chamber (42) is connected to the smoking hole (44) to form a smoking channel, and the second chamber (43) is connected to the exhaust hole (45) to form an exhaust channel.

5. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end of the piston (46) is fixed to the connecting seat of the moving electrode head (11) by a fixing ring, and can perform suction / exhaust actions as the moving electrode head (11) moves up / down.

6. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The smoking channel is equipped with an isolation component (47). When smoking, the isolation component (47) opens the smoking channel to draw in the fumes from the welding area, and when exhausting the fumes, it closes the smoking channel to prevent the fumes from returning along the original path. The smoking passage and the exhaust passage are connected by an isolation component two (48), which is closed when smoking and opened when exhausting smoke.

7. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The isolation component (47) includes a partition (471) that divides the smoking channel into a piston chamber and a smoking chamber, and airflow diverters (472) are equidistantly arranged on the partition (471).

8. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second isolation component (48) includes a ring (481) that connects the piston chamber to the exhaust passage. A sealing plate (482) is provided inside the ring (481). The sealing plate (482) is elastically connected to the ring (481) through an elastic element (483). The ring (481) has grooves (484) equidistantly opened near the exhaust passage end. When smoking, the sealing plate (482) is sealed only at the end of the ring (481) near the piston chamber under the action of the elastic element (483) and the negative pressure airflow; During exhaust, the smoke passage is closed, and the airflow squeezes the sealing plate (482), causing the sealing plate (482) to move radially along the ring (481) to the side of the channel (484), thus forming a path connecting the piston chamber and the exhaust passage.

9. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: A copper sheet (5) is provided below the moving electrode head (11). During welding, the copper sheet (5) is placed between the aluminum alloy to be welded and the moving electrode head (11). Through the surface contact conduction characteristics of the copper sheet (5), the point current distribution between the moving electrode head (11) and the aluminum alloy can be converted into a surface current field, thus avoiding welding defects such as instantaneous overheating, molten pool splashing and burn-through caused by current concentration on the surface of the aluminum alloy.

10. The aluminum alloy resistance spot welding equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The copper sheet (5) and the fixing ring are elastically connected by an elastic element (51).

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