Full-automatic shucking and oil squeezing all-in-one machine for shiny-leaved

Abstract

The invention discloses a shiny-leaved yellowhorn full-automatic husking and oil pressing all-in-one machine which comprises a shell breaking and seed taking area, a shell removing and oil pressing area and a shell removing and oil pressing area. The cleaning water control assembly, the microwave baking assembly and the winnowing assembly are sequentially arranged in the machine body from top to bottom, and the cleaning water control assembly comprises a bin body I; a pair of roller conveyor belts; a pair of gear motors I; a pair of stirring rolling brushes; a pair of gear motors II; a water tank; a pair of water supply lines; two groups of water mist nozzles; a pair of heating plates; an infrared moisture detector; a microwave shielding door I and a microwave shielding door II; a microwave conveyor belt; a microwave emitter; a dehumidifying pipeline; a differential roller track I; the winnowing assembly comprises a bin body III; a guide ramp; a double-layer fan; an improved seed storage tank and a waste tank; a screw conveyor; a differential double-roller track II; and an oil pressing area. The full-automatic shiny-leaved yellowhorn husking and oil squeezing all-in-one machine integrates husking, grain stripping and efficient squeezing, and the seed taking efficiency, the seed taking rate and the squeezing rate can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deep processing machinery technology for *Xanthoceras sorbifolium*, and particularly to a fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Xanthoceras sorbifolium*. Background Technology

[0002] As an economic crop in Northwest and North China, *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* (Chinese pistache) is prized for its seeds' extremely high oil content and nutritional value. Its rich content of nervonic acid is a particularly valuable asset, making it highly promising for development. Chinese Patent Application No. 201620740767.2 discloses a processing structure for *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* edible oil, comprising a steaming structure. The steaming structure includes a steaming container connected via pipe to a frying pan. The frying pan is connected via pipe to a separation structure, which is connected via pipe to a pressing structure. The outlet of the pressing structure is connected via pipe to a filtration structure, which is connected via pipe to a refining structure. The processing structure for this *Sapindus mukorossi* edible oil lacks a dedicated shelling mechanism, and the seed extraction process lacks core equipment support. Shelling is only achieved through a separation structure using air separation after the steaming and roasting processes, resulting in poor shelling effectiveness. Furthermore, the steaming containers used in the initial stages are of a general design, prone to excessively high temperatures and prolonged cooking times, leading to excessive moisture loss or over-gelatinization of the cell walls. In the roasting process, the open-air roasting method results in uneven heating, with localized high temperatures causing premature oxidation of the oil in the kernels. Additionally, the roasted kernels tend to clump together, hindering oil exudation during subsequent pressing and causing uneven pressing pressure, preventing the full release of oil from the kernels and directly reducing the basic extraction rate.

[0003] In summary, the existing oil extraction technologies related to *Sapindus mukorossi* are still immature, and problems such as difficulty in obtaining seeds and low extraction rates that have actually occurred in industrialization urgently need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide a fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi*, which integrates shell breaking, seed peeling, and high-efficiency pressing, effectively improving seed extraction efficiency, seed extraction rate, and extraction rate.

[0006] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a fully automatic peeling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* is provided, comprising: The shell-breaking and seed-collecting area includes the machine body; a cleaning and water control component, a microwave baking component, and an air separation component are arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the machine body. The cleaning and water control component includes a chamber I; a pair of roller conveyor belts extending axially within the chamber I with their ends close together, and the effective conveying surfaces of the two roller conveyor belts being on the same horizontal plane; a pair of geared motors I, each driving one pair of roller conveyor belts to rotate in opposite directions or in the same direction; a pair of tumbling brushes, correspondingly positioned above the pair of roller conveyor belts, with the elastic bristles of the tumbling brushes making contact with the effective conveying surfaces of the two roller conveyor belts; and a pair of geared motors II, each driving one pair of brushes to rotate in opposite directions or in the same direction, and the pair of geared motors I driving one... When the roller conveyor belts rotate in opposite directions, a pair of geared motors II drive a pair of roller brushes to rotate synchronously in opposite directions; when a pair of geared motors I drive a pair of roller conveyor belts to rotate in the same direction, a pair of geared motors II drive a pair of roller brushes to rotate synchronously in the same direction. A water tank is located below the pair of roller conveyor belts, with its opening directly facing the belts. A pair of water supply pipes are spaced apart and span the roller conveyor belts, with their inlets connected to the water tank. Two sets of water mist nozzles are evenly spaced and connected to the water supply pipes, with their nozzles facing the pair of agitating roller brushes. A pair of heating plates are located on the inner top surface of chamber I, directly facing the roller brushes. The system includes: a mixing roller brush; an infrared moisture detector mounted on the side wall of silo I, with its effective detection path intersecting the material transport path on a pair of roller conveyor belts at a certain angle; a microwave baking assembly including silo II; microwave shielding doors I and II, synchronously opening and closing at the inlet II and outlet II of silo II; a microwave conveyor belt extending between the inlet II and outlet II; a microwave transmitter located at the top of silo II; dehumidification pipes distributed at the top of silo II, with their outlets extending outwards and connecting to an exhaust fan; a differential roller conveyor I, connected between silo I and silo II; and an air separation assembly including silo III. The system includes: a material ramp located at the bottom of silo body III; a double-layer fan located below the material discharge end of the material ramp; a seed storage tank and a waste tank located side-by-side horizontally below the double-layer fan, with the waste tank located relatively far from the double-layer fan; a screw conveyor with its inlet connected to the seed storage tank and its outlet extending upwards; a differential-speed roller conveyor II located between silo body II and silo body III; and an oil pressing area supported by a frame and located on one side of the seed extraction area. The oil pressing area includes a pressing chamber; a pressing hammer that is vertically adjustable above the pressing chamber via a hydraulic assembly; and the outlet end of the screw conveyor extending diagonally upwards to one side of the pressing chamber, with the outlet end not in contact with the pressing hammer.

[0007] Preferably, it also includes: a support plate, which is rotatably and horizontally disposed at the bottom of the pressing chamber, and the support plate is driven by a geared motor III; The toothed disc is detachably mounted on the support disc, and the drive shaft of the geared motor III extends and is connected to the middle of the toothed disc. Concentric segmented variable diameter toothed set I and concentric segmented variable diameter toothed set II are respectively protruding and distributed on the oil pressing end face of the pressing hammer and the bottom of the pressing chamber. Concentric segmented variable diameter toothed set I is adapted to the oil pressing end face, and concentric segmented variable diameter toothed set II is adapted to the toothed disc. The sealing ring I is detachably sleeved on the outer periphery of the toothed disc, and the sealing ring I is slidably contacted with the outer wall of the pressing chamber. Sealing ring II is fitted between the drive shaft and the shaft hole of the geared motor III; multiple oil outlet grooves are vertically and linearly evenly distributed on the outer wall of the pressing hammer. An oil collecting trough is arranged around the outer perimeter of the oil pressing chamber, and the bottom of the oil collecting trough is relatively lower than the height of the upper opening of the oil pressing chamber; and an oil guiding trough is connected to the oil collecting trough at one end and extends outward at the other end.

[0008] Preferably, the minimum distance between the effective conveying surface of the pair of roller conveyor belts and the bottom of the water tank is at least 15 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the infrared moisture detector has a set value including an upper limit of 35% wet basis moisture content and a lower limit of 8% wet basis moisture content.

[0010] Preferably, in a single continuous heating process, the heating temperature of a pair of heating plates is greater than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 75 ℃; the heating time of a pair of heating plates is greater than or equal to 8 min and less than or equal to 15 min.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes: a transparent cover that is detachably attached to the probe of the infrared moisture detector; and a temperature sensor located close to the transparent cover.

[0012] Preferably, the running no-load gap of the differential roller track I is 10-14 mm; the running no-load gap of the differential roller track II is 8-12 mm; and raised stripes are evenly distributed on the differential roller track I and the differential roller track II.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes: a pressure sensor disposed near the outside of the microwave shielding door I and below the discharge port at the rear end of the differential roller conveyor II; a geared motor IV for driving the microwave conveyor belt; and an automatic door microwave control module electrically connected to the pressure sensor, microwave transmitter, microwave shielding door I, microwave shielding door II and geared motor IV respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the double-layer fan includes an upper centrifugal fan and a lower axial fan.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes: a secondary storage tank, which is arranged side by side between the good seed storage tank and the waste tank; The sorting roller extends axially above the tank wall between the superior seed storage tank and the secondary seed storage tank. The diameter of the sorting roller is smaller than the opening width of the secondary seed storage tank and the opening width of the superior seed storage tank. The sorting roller is rotated in the direction of the air outlet of the double-layer fan.

[0016] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* provided by this invention integrates shell breaking, seed separation, and high-efficiency pressing, effectively improving seed extraction efficiency, seed extraction rate, and extraction rate, and obtaining high-quality *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* oil. It solves practical production problems such as the thick pericarp of *Xanthoceras sorbifolium*, difficulty in seed extraction, low extraction rate, and high processing quality requirements.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fully automatic peeling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* described in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a process flow diagram of the fully automatic peeling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* described in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the fully automatic peeling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* described in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of the fully automatic peeling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* described in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the fully automatic peeling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* described in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side view of the differential roller track II and the air separation assembly described in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a pair of roller conveyor belts according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a pair of water supply pipes and multiple atomizing nozzles according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cleaning and water control component according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10This is a perspective structural diagram of the cleaning and water control component according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a side view of the microwave component in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the top of the microwave component according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 13a is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support disk in one embodiment of the present invention, and 13b is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the toothed disk; Figure 14 14b is a front view of the toothed disc in one embodiment of the present invention, and 14c is a front view of the oil pressing end face. Figure 15 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the oil pressing area in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the pressing chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a perspective structural diagram of the differential roller track II and the air separator assembly described in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0020] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not imply the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0021] like Figures 1-12 As shown, the present invention provides a fully automatic peeling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* fruit, comprising: The shell-breaking and seed-collecting area 1 includes a machine body; a cleaning and water control component 11, a microwave baking component 12, and an air separation component 13 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the machine body. The cleaning and water control component includes a chamber I 1101; a pair of roller conveyor belts 1102, axially extending close to each other within the chamber I, with the effective conveying surfaces of the roller conveyor belts on the same horizontal plane; a pair of geared motors I, each driving the roller conveyor belts to rotate in opposite directions or in the same direction; a pair of tumbling brushes 1103, correspondingly positioned above the roller conveyor belts, with the elastic bristles of the tumbling brushes making contact with the effective conveying surfaces of the roller conveyor belts; and a pair of geared motors II, each driving the brushes to rotate in opposite directions or in the same direction. When the pair of geared motors I drive the roller conveyor belts to rotate in opposite directions, the pair of geared motors II drive the brushes to rotate synchronously in opposite directions; when the pair of geared motors I drive the roller conveyor belts to rotate in the same direction, the pair of geared motors II drive the brushes to rotate synchronously in the same direction. The microwave baking assembly includes: a water tank located below a pair of roller conveyor belts, with its opening facing the conveyor belts; a pair of water supply pipes 1104 spaced apart and straddling the conveyor belts, with their inlets connected to the water tank; two sets of water mist nozzles 1105 evenly spaced and connected to the water supply pipes, with their nozzles facing the mixing rollers; a pair of heating plates 1106 located on the inner top surface of the chamber I, facing the mixing rollers; an infrared moisture detector 1107 located on the side wall of the chamber I, with its effective detection path intersecting the material transport path on the conveyor belts at a certain angle; and a chamber II. 1201; Microwave shielding door I and microwave shielding door II, which are synchronously opened and closed at the inlet II and outlet II of the silo body II; Microwave conveyor belt 1202, which extends between the inlet II and outlet II; Microwave transmitter 1203, which is located at the top of the silo body II; Dehumidification pipe 1204, which is distributed at the top of the silo body II, with the air outlet of the dehumidification pipe extending outward and connecting to the exhaust fan 1205; Differential roller track I 2, which is conductively arranged between the silo body I and the silo body II; Air separation assembly including silo body III 1301; a guide ramp 1302, which is located at the bottom of bin III; a double-layer fan 1303, which is located below the discharge end of the guide ramp; a seed storage tank 1304 and a waste trough 1305, which are arranged side by side horizontally below the double-layer fan, with the waste trough located relatively far from the double-layer fan; a screw conveyor 1306, whose inlet end is connected to the seed storage tank, and whose outlet end extends upward; a differential roller track II 3, which is connected between bin II and bin III; and an oil pressing zone 4, which is supported by a frame and located on one side of the shell-breaking and seed-extraction zone; the oil pressing zone includes a pressing chamber 401; and a pressing hammer 402, which is vertically and vertically mounted above the pressing chamber via a hydraulic assembly 403.The discharge end of the screw conveyor extends diagonally upwards to one side of the pressing chamber, and the discharge end does not contact the pressing hammers.

[0022] In this solution, the dehulling process of the fully automatic peeling and oil pressing machine for *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* provided by this invention essentially involves reducing the moisture content of the peel, thereby achieving dehulling through mechanical rolling and pressing to brittle the peel. Therefore, precise and uniform control of the moisture content of *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* is particularly important. During the dehulling process in the shelling and seed extraction area, the moisture content of the peel must be sufficiently reduced to improve the separation effect. At the same time, excessive impact on the seeds should be avoided to prevent premature oil precipitation and oxidation, which could damage key nutrients. The shelling and seed extraction area aims to control the moisture content of *Xanthoceras sorbifolium*, performing preliminary dehydration treatment to brittle the surface peel. Wetting is done firstly for cleaning, but more importantly, it is to uniformly control the moisture content of the *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* within the chamber, preventing excessive dehydration in the microwave baking area from damaging the seeds. When the fruit to be processed is dry, appropriate moistening can be added to clean and protect the fruit and seeds; when the fruit to be processed is fresh fruit that has not yet cracked, excess moisture needs to be dried appropriately.

[0023] Specifically, the material enters the silo I from one end and is conveyed by a pair of roller conveyors rotating in opposite directions, continuously returning the material to the central mixing zone. At the same time, a pair of rotating roller brushes in opposite directions brush the material from the central mixing zone to both sides, achieving thorough mixing and cleaning of the material. Meanwhile, a pair of heating plates provide reasonable heating of the material, and an infrared moisture detector monitors the moisture content of the material in real time to uniformly control the moisture content of the material and achieve preliminary baking of the material. When the infrared moisture detector monitors the moisture content of the material in real time, the PLC switches the driving state of a pair of geared motors I and a pair of geared motors II based on the feedback value from the infrared moisture detector. The pair of geared motors I drives a pair of roller conveyor belts to rotate in the same direction, and the pair of geared motors II drives a pair of roller brushes to rotate in the same direction synchronously, together conveying the material to the other end of the silo I and out of the silo I. During the cleaning process, the water from the cleaning material is drained and then flows down into the water tank via a pair of roller conveyor belts. The water is then pumped to multiple water mist nozzles for circulating cleaning via a pair of water supply pipelines and the water pump installed on them. The bristles on the pair of flip-plate roller brushes are of a soft structure, which enables effective mixing without damaging the materials.

[0024] The infrared moisture detector transmits real-time material moisture data to the PLC in the form of current values ​​via a 4-20 mA signal line. The PLC uses an analog input module to read the current value in real time and convert it into the actual moisture value. The PLC compares the actual moisture value with the set value to calculate the deviation, uses a PID control algorithm to calculate the control quantity for the actuator, converts it into a corresponding analog signal, and sends it to the actuator through an EtherCAT analog output module. The connection path is as follows.

[0025] Moisture meter — 4~20 mA signal line — EtherCAT analog input module — EtherCAT network — PLC A pair of heating plates (plate-type baking lamps) are connected to an EtherCAT network via a remote I / O module. Temperature sensors are installed on the periphery of the non-baking-related components of the heating plates, providing real-time feedback to the PLC. The PLC performs PID calculations based on user-defined values ​​and outputs PWM signals to control the on / off ratio of the solid-state relays on the heating plates, thereby achieving real-time adjustment of the baking intensity. Regarding the solid-state relays, zero-crossing triggering types are selected to reduce power grid harmonic impacts. They are mounted on an aluminum profile placed on top of the equipment, directly in contact with the external environment, to achieve effective heat conduction and environmental heat dissipation, reducing safety risks. The connection path is as follows: PLC Master Station — EtherCAT — Remote I / O Station — Digital Output Point — Solid State Relay — Pair of Heating Plates A water pump is installed at the connection point between a pair of water supply pipes and the water tank. The flow rate of the water pump is controlled by an electric regulating valve. The PLC master station derives and outputs the control quantity of the water mist humidification actuator from the real-time material moisture data of the infrared moisture detector, and outputs it to the remote I / O station of the humidification device via the EtherCAT communication protocol. The remote station then outputs an analog signal to control the electric regulating valve. Humidification and water volume limits are set in the program to provide overload protection. The control path is as follows: PLC Master Station — EtherCAT — Remote I / O Station — Analog Output Point — Electric Control Valve — Water Pump After the cleaning and water control components are completed, the material is in the initial baking stage and enters the differential roller track I.

[0026] The differential roller track I employs a configuration with a large inlet and a small outlet to ensure unobstructed feeding. Differential roller track I is driven by a servo motor, which is controlled by a slave servo motor control board connected to the PLC. The servo motor drives the track rollers via a gear reducer. This achieves low-to-medium speed, high-torque movement of the track, enhancing the shell-breaking effect. Operating status is fed back to the PLC by an encoder, enabling real-time and accurate control of the differential track. The control path is as follows: PLC—EtherCAT—Servo motor control board—Servo motor—Crawler operation The material is initially crushed by the differential-speed roller conveyor belt I, and then falls into the feed inlet of bin II under gravity. The landing point can be set at an inclined surface, which then feeds the material onto the fully covered microwave conveyor belt at the bottom of bin II, and then into bin II for microwave treatment. During the microwave treatment, both microwave shielding doors I and II are closed to prevent microwave leakage. In practical applications, the microwave parameters can be set as follows: total microwave power: 10-20 kW, target material temperature: kernel core temperature 65℃~80℃, microwave time: 2~5 minutes. It should be noted that compared with traditional heating and baking, microwave baking achieves dehydration more through energy radiation, which can reduce the loss of nutrients caused by heating.

[0027] The dehumidification pipes and exhaust fans work together to remove moisture from chamber II. The exhaust fans and pressing areas are located on both sides of the machine body to reduce the impact of the discharged water vapor on the pressing area.

[0028] Afterwards, the material falls through the outlet of silo II and enters the differential roller conveyor II. It then undergoes air separation by the air classifier. During the descent, the material is blown forward by the fan, while larger seeds fall due to gravity. During this descent, the seeds fall vertically into the lower ramp and enter the seed storage tank. The blown-away waste is blown into the front waste trough, which can be configured as a drawer structure for side-pull-out waste removal. A conveyor belt 1307 can be installed inside the seed storage tank to deliver seeds from the side. The outlet is directly connected to a longitudinal screw conveyor to feed the seeds upwards, automatically sending them into the pressing area to complete the seed pressing process.

[0029] Compared with traditional hydraulic cold pressing: the traditional pressing rate is 40%~50%, while the pressing rate of this invention is ≥55%; the traditional kernel pretreatment damage rate is 10%~20%, while the damage rate of this invention is ≤3%; the traditional whole kernel rate is low, while the whole kernel rate of this invention is ≥90%; traditional methods are mostly segmented, with low automation and high labor costs; this invention is highly automated and integrates oil cake, shell, and oil production simultaneously, which is beneficial for subsequent by-product processing and effectively reduces labor costs; this invention can achieve low-temperature oil extraction and efficient pressing, shortening the pressing time, reducing the oxidation time of nutrients, and further ensuring the quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolium oil.

[0030] In summary, the fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* provided by this invention integrates shell breaking, seed separation, and efficient pressing, effectively improving seed extraction efficiency, seed extraction rate, and extraction rate, and obtaining high-quality *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* oil. It solves practical production problems such as the thick pericarp of *Xanthoceras sorbifolium*, difficulty in seed extraction, low extraction rate, and high processing quality requirements.

[0031] like Figures 13-16As shown, in a preferred embodiment, it further includes: a support disk 4011, which is rotatably and horizontally disposed at the bottom of the pressing chamber, and the support disk is driven by a geared motor III; a toothed disc 4012, which is detachably fitted onto the support disk, and the drive shaft of the geared motor III 4018 extends and connects to the middle of the toothed disc; and concentric segmented variable diameter toothed assembly I 4013 and concentric segmented variable diameter toothed assembly II. 4014, which respectively protrude from the oil pressing end face of the pressing hammer and the bottom of the pressing chamber, and the concentric segmented variable diameter tooth group I is adapted to the oil pressing end face, and the concentric segmented variable diameter tooth group II is adapted to the tooth plate; sealing ring I, which is detachably sleeved on the outer periphery of the tooth plate, and the sealing ring I is slidably contacted with the outer wall of the pressing chamber; sealing ring II, which is sleeved between the drive shaft and the shaft hole of the geared motor III; multiple oil outlet grooves 4015, which are vertically linearly and evenly distributed on the outer wall of the pressing hammer; oil collection groove 4016, which is arranged around the outer periphery of the oil pressing chamber, and the bottom of the oil collection groove is relatively lower than the upper opening height of the oil pressing chamber; and oil guide groove 4017, one end of which is connected to the oil collection groove, and the other end of the oil guide groove extends outward.

[0032] In this design, the support plate and the toothed plate are rotatably mounted at the bottom of the pressing chamber. Concentric segmented variable diameter toothed plate group I and group II are respectively positioned at the oil pressing end face and the bottom of the pressing chamber to achieve hydraulic pressing and synchronous twisting of the material, effectively improving the pressing rate. The concentric segmented variable diameter toothed plate group I and group II are staggered to prevent teeth from aligning. Sealing rings I and II provide effective sealing, ensuring that the extracted *Xanthoceras sorbifolium* oil overflows upwards through multiple oil outlet grooves into the pressing chamber, is collected in the oil collection trough, and then flows out through the guide trough, completing the oil pressing process.

[0033] To address the reaction force caused by torsion and further eliminate axial load, the configuration of the pressing hammer head is modified based on the traditional cylindrical hydraulic hammer (pressing hammer). With the depth of penetration as the boundary, the sidewall of the pressing hammer head in the penetration zone is equipped with fine oil outlet grooves. The hammer body above the pressing hammer head features an involute spline structure, providing strong tooth root strength, reducing stress concentration, and maximizing load-bearing capacity. The casing adopts a box-type structure with an embedded spline sleeve that fits the hammer body. The spline sleeve is fixed to the upper crossbeam of the casing by a flange. The flange uses a group of high-strength prestressed bolts to further bear and transmit shear stress, preventing overload at the bolts. The casing is reinforced with multiple layers of staggered grid-shaped stiffening plates. During hydraulic operation, the hammer spline contacts the casing spline sleeve, and the axial load caused by torsion is offset by the force generated at the contact point, thereby reducing the axial load pressure on the hydraulic rod.

[0034] Regarding hydraulic power, the PLC controls a three-phase asynchronous motor to control the hydraulic oil pump output flow, enabling coarse adjustment of the hydraulic system speed. Simultaneously, the PLC directly controls a hydraulic servo proportional valve to fine-tune the system pressure and pressure increase / decrease rates. Pressure sensor signals are transmitted to the PLC in real-time, achieving precise control through PID instructions. A mechanical relief valve is also installed as a system protection device, detecting and controlling the hydraulic system pressure and urgently reducing pressure and releasing oil flow when the pressure exceeds a threshold, providing redundant protection. Given that prolonged operation will cause overheating, an independent fan will be installed on the side wall of the upper external casing to provide air cooling for the drive system. The hydraulic system drive path is as follows: PLC—EtherCAT—Three-phase asynchronous motor—Coarse control hydraulic pressure PLC—EtherCAT—Servo proportional valve—Fine control The entire machine adopts the EtherCAT communication protocol, which offers high speed, strong real-time performance, and flexible topology. An embedded PLC controller (Omron NJ / NX series or Beckhoff CX series) is selected, with the EtherCAT PLC master station sequentially connected to the servo drivers and remote I / O stations to achieve integrated control of the entire machine. The control route is as follows: HMI—PLC—EtherCAT—Servo Driver / Remote I / O Station—Equipment Operation In a preferred embodiment, the shortest distance between the effective conveying surface of a pair of roller conveyor belts and the bottom of the water tank is at least 15 cm, and can generally be set to 15 cm, 18 cm or 20 cm, etc.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the infrared moisture detector has a setpoint of 35% wet basis moisture content as the upper limit and 8% wet basis moisture content as the lower limit. When the infrared moisture detector monitors the material's moisture content in real time and it reaches 8% wet basis moisture content, the PLC switches the drive states of a pair of geared motors I and a pair of geared motors II based on the feedback value from the infrared moisture detector. The pair of geared motors I drives a pair of roller conveyor belts to rotate in the same direction, and the pair of geared motors II drives a pair of roller brushes to rotate in the same direction synchronously, jointly conveying the material to the other end of the silo I and out of the silo I. When the infrared moisture detector monitors the material's moisture content in real time and it reaches 35% wet basis moisture content, the PLC controls the shut-off of the water pumps on a pair of water supply pipelines based on the feedback value from the infrared moisture detector, stopping the water spraying.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, during a single continuous heating process, the heating temperature of a pair of heating plates is greater than or equal to 50°C and less than or equal to 75°C; the heating time of a pair of heating plates is greater than or equal to 8 minutes and less than or equal to 15 minutes. For example, to balance the goals of pit crisping and seed preservation, the temperature should not continuously exceed 75°C, otherwise it will accelerate the loss of heat-sensitive nutrients and oil oxidation; below 50°C, it will affect the crisping speed. High moisture content materials (fresh fruit, such as 65%~70% wet basis moisture content): 12-15 minutes, 55°C~60°C; Ideal moisture content materials (semi-dried fruit, such as 35%~45% wet basis moisture content): 10 minutes, 65°C; Low moisture content materials (dried fruit, such as 8%~13% wet basis moisture content): 8 minutes, 55°C.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the device further includes: a transparent cover, detachably attached to the probe of the infrared moisture detector; and a temperature sensor positioned close to the transparent cover. In this embodiment, the transparent cover protects the probe of the infrared moisture detector, preventing it from colliding with the materials inside chamber I and extending its service life. When chamber I is under baking conditions, high temperatures can easily affect the readings. The temperature sensor transmits the temperature near the probe to the main station PLC in real time, allowing the PLC program to perform software compensation to improve the detection accuracy of the infrared moisture detector. In practical applications, the basic measurement range of the infrared moisture meter should be 8%~35% wet basis moisture content, the measurement accuracy should be 0.3%~0.5%, the response time should be 0.5~1 second, the protection rating should be IP67 multi-wavelength type, and it should have automatic temperature compensation capability.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the running no-load gap of the differential roller track I is 10-14 mm, achieving a crack rate greater than 85% and a breakage rate less than 3%; the running no-load gap of the differential roller track II is 8-12 mm, further achieving a crack rate greater than 95% and a breakage rate less than 3%; raised stripes are evenly distributed on the differential roller track I and the differential roller track II, which can increase the crushing effect. At the same time, both the differential roller track I and the differential roller track II are made of flexible materials, which will not damage the usable material, i.e., the seeds, in the material.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes: a pressure sensor located near the outer side of microwave shielding door I, below the discharge port at the rear end of the differential roller conveyor II; a geared motor IV for driving the microwave conveyor belt; and an automatic door microwave control module electrically connected to the pressure sensor, microwave transmitter, microwave shielding door I, microwave shielding door II, and geared motor IV. The silo body II is divided into the following sections from inlet to outlet: a microwave shielding area, a microwave baking area, and a discharge area. The microwave shielding area does not have a microwave transmitter. It is located at both ends, each equipped with microwave shielding door I and microwave shielding door II. A pressure sensor is installed under the inclined surface at the inlet. After material feeding, the system automatically controls the opening of microwave shielding doors I and II. The pressure sensor is set with a rated value based on the actual unit material mass to effectively open and close the inlet. Simultaneously, the PLC can calculate the real-time position of the material based on the operating speed of the microwave conveyor belt, thereby enabling the appropriate opening and closing of microwave shielding doors I and II to prevent material accumulation and microwave leakage caused by opening the doors too early or too late. Meanwhile, to control microwave leakage, a microwave shielding door II and a microwave power controller interlocking relay are connected in series on the main power supply circuit. Closing the door simultaneously supplies power to the microwave transmitter. Multiple microwave transmitters are installed at the top of the entire microwave zone to achieve dehydration treatment. The microwave transmitters use ordinary microwave sources, and the PLC controls their on / off state via digital output to the microwave power controller. The core control unit for the microwave transmitters, the microwave power controller, is located at the top of the second floor (i.e., the bottom of the first floor), and integrates high-voltage generation and magnetron protection circuits. The connection path is as follows: PLC Master Station—EtherCAT—Remote I / O Station—Microwave Power Controller—High Voltage Transformer and Magnetron In a preferred embodiment, the double-layer fan comprises an upper centrifugal fan and a lower axial fan. Given the need for timely cooling after baking to reduce nutrient loss, the upper air vent provides high-speed, low-temperature air using a centrifugal fan; the lower vent provides normal-temperature, medium-speed air using an axial fan. The air separation device is controlled by a frequency converter. The PLC provides analog signals to the frequency converter's remote I / O module via EtherCAT to control the air damper. The frequency converter can be installed at the bottom of the guide ramp. The connection path is as follows: PLC Master Station — EtherCAT — Remote I / O Station — Inverter — Fan like Figure 17As shown, a preferred embodiment further includes: a secondary seed storage tank 1308, which is arranged side-by-side between the superior seed storage tank and the waste tank; and a sorting roller 1309, which extends axially above the tank wall between the superior seed storage tank and the secondary seed storage tank. The diameter of the sorting roller is smaller than the opening width of both the secondary seed storage tank and the superior seed storage tank. The sorting roller rotates in the direction of the air outlet of the double-layer fan. During the material's descent, the waste is blown forward by the fan, while large-mass seeds fall due to gravity, falling vertically into the lower ramp and entering the superior seed storage tank. Some seeds that do not fall vertically fall onto the sorting roller and are then fed backward into the secondary seed storage tank. The blown-away waste is blown into the front waste tank. After the above screening, only superior seeds are used for oil extraction to further improve the quality of the *Sapindus mukorossi* oil and meet higher quality processing requirements.

[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* fruit, characterized in that, include: The shell-breaking and seed-collecting area includes the machine body; a cleaning and water control component, a microwave baking component, and an air separation component are arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the machine body. The cleaning and water control component includes a chamber I; a pair of roller conveyor belts extending axially within the chamber I with their ends close together, and the effective conveying surfaces of the two roller conveyor belts being on the same horizontal plane; a pair of geared motors I, each driving one pair of roller conveyor belts to rotate in opposite directions or in the same direction; a pair of tumbling brushes, correspondingly positioned above the pair of roller conveyor belts, with the elastic bristles of the tumbling brushes making contact with the effective conveying surfaces of the two roller conveyor belts; and a pair of geared motors II, each driving one pair of brushes to rotate in opposite directions or in the same direction, and the pair of geared motors I driving one... When the roller conveyor belts rotate in opposite directions, a pair of geared motors II drive a pair of roller brushes to rotate synchronously in opposite directions; when a pair of geared motors I drive a pair of roller conveyor belts to rotate in the same direction, a pair of geared motors II drive a pair of roller brushes to rotate synchronously in the same direction. A water tank is located below the pair of roller conveyor belts, with its opening directly facing the belts. A pair of water supply pipes are spaced apart and span the roller conveyor belts, with their inlets connected to the water tank. Two sets of water mist nozzles are evenly spaced and connected to the water supply pipes, with their nozzles facing the pair of agitating roller brushes. A pair of heating plates are located on the inner top surface of chamber I, directly facing the roller brushes. The system includes: a mixing roller brush; an infrared moisture detector mounted on the side wall of silo I, with its effective detection path intersecting the material transport path on a pair of roller conveyor belts at a certain angle; a microwave baking assembly including silo II; microwave shielding doors I and II, synchronously opening and closing at the inlet II and outlet II of silo II; a microwave conveyor belt extending between the inlet II and outlet II; a microwave transmitter located at the top of silo II; dehumidification pipes distributed at the top of silo II, with their outlets extending outwards and connecting to an exhaust fan; a differential roller conveyor I, connected between silo I and silo II; and an air separation assembly including silo III. The system includes: a material ramp located at the bottom of silo body III; a double-layer fan located below the material discharge end of the material ramp; a seed storage tank and a waste tank located side-by-side horizontally below the double-layer fan, with the waste tank located relatively far from the double-layer fan; a screw conveyor with its inlet connected to the seed storage tank and its outlet extending upwards; a differential-speed roller conveyor II located between silo body II and silo body III; and an oil pressing area supported by a frame and located on one side of the seed extraction area. The oil pressing area includes a pressing chamber; a pressing hammer that is vertically adjustable above the pressing chamber via a hydraulic assembly; and the outlet end of the screw conveyor extending diagonally upwards to one side of the pressing chamber, with the outlet end not in contact with the pressing hammer.

2. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The support plate is rotatably and horizontally positioned at the bottom of the pressing chamber, and the support plate is driven by a geared motor III; The toothed disc is detachably mounted on the support disc, and the drive shaft of the geared motor III extends and is connected to the middle of the toothed disc. Concentric segmented variable diameter toothed set I and concentric segmented variable diameter toothed set II are respectively protruding and distributed on the oil pressing end face of the pressing hammer and the bottom of the pressing chamber. Concentric segmented variable diameter toothed set I is adapted to the oil pressing end face, and concentric segmented variable diameter toothed set II is adapted to the toothed disc. The sealing ring I is detachably sleeved on the outer periphery of the toothed disc, and the sealing ring I is slidably contacted with the outer wall of the pressing chamber. Sealing ring II is fitted between the drive shaft and the shaft hole of the geared motor III; Multiple oil outlet grooves are vertically and linearly distributed on the outer wall of the pressing hammer. An oil collecting trough is arranged around the outer perimeter of the oil pressing chamber, and the bottom of the oil collecting trough is relatively lower than the height of the upper opening of the oil pressing chamber; and an oil guiding trough is connected to the oil collecting trough at one end and extends outward at the other end.

3. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the effective conveying surface of a pair of roller conveyor belts and the bottom of the water tank is at least 15 cm.

4. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared moisture detector has a set value of 35% wet basis moisture content as the upper limit and 8% wet basis moisture content as the lower limit.

5. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In a single continuous heating process, the heating temperature of a pair of heating plates is greater than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 75 ℃; the heating time of a pair of heating plates is greater than or equal to 8 min and less than or equal to 15 min.

6. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A transparent cover is detachably attached to the probe of the infrared moisture detector; a temperature sensor is positioned close to the transparent cover.

7. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The running no-load gap of the differential roller track I is 10-14 mm; the running no-load gap of the differential roller track II is 8-12 mm; and raised stripes are evenly distributed on the differential roller track I and the differential roller track II.

8. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A pressure sensor is located on the outside of the microwave shielding door I and below the feed inlet at the rear end of the differential roller conveyor II; a geared motor IV is used to drive the microwave conveyor belt. And an automatic door microwave control module, which is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, microwave transmitter, microwave shielded door I, microwave shielded door II and geared motor IV respectively.

9. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The double-layer fan includes an upper centrifugal fan and a lower axial fan.

10. The fully automatic shelling and oil pressing machine for *Sapindus mukorossi* as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The secondary storage tank is arranged side by side between the good seed storage tank and the waste tank; The sorting roller extends axially above the tank wall between the superior seed storage tank and the secondary seed storage tank. The diameter of the sorting roller is smaller than the opening width of the secondary seed storage tank and the opening width of the superior seed storage tank. The sorting roller is rotated in the direction of the air outlet of the double-layer fan.

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