Installation process and system of ten-thousand-ton jacket

Abstract

The invention relates to a mounting process of a ten-thousand-ton jacket, the jacket comprises a truss main body, a plurality of conduit legs fixed on the truss main body and a bottom frame fixed at the bottoms of the plurality of conduit legs, the top of the truss main body is provided with a top surface used for connecting an upper platform, and the truss main body is also provided with a plurality of water injection cabins. Trunnions are arranged on the peripheral faces of the tops of the guide pipe legs, a plurality of pile foundation sleeves are fixed to the bottom frame, and the installation process of the guide pipe frame comprises the following steps that S1, the water depth of a platform site is actually measured; s2, an anti-settling plate is adjusted; s3, water injection and leveling of the jacket; s4, pile foundations are fixed; s5, fixing and leveling the jacket; the technical problems that a traditional jacket is poor in seabed terrain adaptability, insufficient in dynamic control in the water injection leveling process, weak in piling operation and leveling collaboration, depends on imported emergency leveling equipment and the like can be solved, and the method is further suitable for installation of a ten-thousand-ton large jacket with the pile diameter being 108 inches or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine engineering technology, specifically to an installation process and system for a 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation. Background Technology

[0002] The jacket structure is a core component in marine engineering used to support and fix platforms. It is typically a space truss structure welded from steel pipes. During installation at sea, it is essential to ensure that the levelness of the installed jacket structure meets the design specifications, meaning the levelness of the jacket structure must be less than 0.5%.

[0003] However, in actual installation projects, due to uneven seabed, large waves, lack of underwater visibility, installation errors, etc., the levelness of the jacket structure usually cannot meet the level requirements. Therefore, the installed jacket structure usually needs to be leveled.

[0004] Traditional leveling operations require pausing the offshore installation progress and customizing a leveling plan based on the actual levelness of the jacket structure. A hydraulic leveler (an imported product) is then used for leveling. The hydraulic leveler works by using the relative movement between the already fixed piles and the skirt pile sleeves on the jacket structure to adjust the levelness of the jacket structure.

[0005] Hydraulic levelers are essential equipment for traditional leveling operations, but they still have limitations, such as: 1. The leveling method is too passive, requiring leveling only after the jacket is installed. In actual use, the pile sleeves need to be adjusted repeatedly, greatly extending the offshore operation cycle; 2. The cost of using hydraulic levelers is high; 3. The applicable pile diameter specifications for hydraulic levelers are extremely limited, currently only applicable to 72-inch, 84-inch, 96-inch, and 102-inch piles, making it difficult to apply to the increasingly common 108-inch and above ultra-large diameter jackets used in medium and deep water applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art described above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an installation process and system for a 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation, and to solve the thorny leveling problem of the jacket foundation during the installation process through a combination of innovative technologies.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an installation process for a 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation. The jacket foundation includes a truss body, multiple jacket legs fixed to the truss body, and a bottom frame fixed to the bottom of the multiple jacket legs. The top of the truss body is provided with a top surface for connecting to an upper platform. The truss body also has multiple water injection chambers. Trunnions are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the top of the jacket legs. Multiple pile foundation sleeves are fixed on the bottom frame. The installation process of the jacket foundation includes the following steps: S1. Platform Site Water Depth Measurement: Based on multibeam echo sounding technology, the seabed topography of the platform site is mapped. Specifically, by transmitting fan-shaped acoustic beams underwater and simultaneously receiving the reflected signals of multiple beams, high-precision, full-coverage measurement of the seabed topography is achieved, generating a three-dimensional seabed topography model. Based on the three-dimensional seabed topography model, multiple measured water depths of the seabed are obtained. The multiple measured water depths of the seabed are the distances between the sea level and the seabed surface at the platform site, denoted as {an}, where {an} = a1, a2, a3, ..., an. S2. Adjusting the anti-sinking plate: Let the design water depth of the guide frame be a, and the design thickness of the anti-sinking plate be b. Adjust the actual thickness of the anti-sinking plate according to the measured water depth {an} at the installation location. Record the actual thickness of the anti-sinking plate as {b}. n}, {b n = b1, b2, b3, ..., b n And according to b n =b+ a n -a Calculated installation thickness of each anti-sinking plate {b n}, these anti-sinking plates are pre-fixed to the corresponding positions at the bottom of the bottom frame (3); S3. Water injection and leveling of the jacket: The jacket is launched into the water at an angle to the sea level. After launching, the levelness of the top surface is measured in real time. The inclined jacket is then straightened and placed upright in the seawater. After straightening, water is dynamically injected into multiple water injection chambers to gradually sink the jacket into the sea until all the anti-sinking plates are placed in their corresponding positions on the seabed, thus completing the bottoming process. S4. Pile foundation fixing: After the jacket is seated, the multiple pile foundations are divided into several groups. The pile foundations in each group are alternately driven into the seabed for fixing, and all the pile foundations are driven into the seabed for fixing in sequence. S5. Casing Fixing and Leveling: After all piles are driven into the seabed and fixed, if the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is complete; if the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, check the height between each trunnion and the sea level, and use a lifting device to lift the trunnion with the lowest height upwards until the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, then the installation is complete.

[0008] Further, step S3 includes: S3.1 After the jacket is lowered into the water, the levelness of the top surface shall be measured in real time until the installation is completed; S3.2. Use a lifting device to lift the top of the truss body and inject water into the water injection chamber located at the bottom of the truss body, so that the tilted guide frame is gradually rotated until the top surface faces upward, thus completing the straightening process; S3.3 After righting the structure, the water injection volume for multiple injection chambers is calculated based on the real-time levelness of the top surface using the water injection formula. Water is then dynamically injected into these chambers to gradually submerge the jacket structure until all anti-sinking plates are positioned on their respective locations on the seabed, completing the bottoming process. The water injection formula is as follows: Q=K×Δθ×V (1) In the formula, Q is the water injection volume of the target water injection chamber, K is the adjustment coefficient, which is taken as 0.9-1.1, Δθ is the levelness deviation expressed in radians, and V is the effective volume of the target water injection chamber; S3.4 After bottoming out, calculate the water injection volume for multiple water injection chambers based on the levelness deviation of the top surface using the water injection volume formula, and inject water into the multiple water injection chambers again until the levelness of the top surface is ≤ 120% of the allowable value.

[0009] Further, step S4 includes: S4.1 Divide multiple pile foundations into several groups, with each group consisting of two pile foundations. Each group includes a first pile foundation and a second pile foundation, and the first pile foundation and the second pile foundation are located in the pile foundation sleeves on opposite sides of the bottom frame. S4.2 Insert the first pile foundation of the group into the pile foundation sleeve on one side of the bottom frame and drive the first pile foundation into the seabed. If the levelness of the top surface increases during the driving of the first pile foundation, stop driving the first pile foundation. Insert the second pile foundation of the same group into the pile foundation sleeve on the other side of the bottom frame and drive the second pile foundation into the seabed. If the levelness of the top surface increases during the driving of the second pile foundation, stop driving the second pile foundation and continue driving the first pile foundation. When the first pile foundation is driven into the seabed to the preset depth, the first pile foundation is fixed to the seabed. Drive the second pile foundation into the seabed to the preset depth and fix the second pile foundation to the seabed. S4.3 When the first and second piles of a group are fixed to the seabed, the remaining groups are driven into the seabed and fixed in sequence according to step S4.2 until all piles are driven into the seabed and fixed.

[0010] Furthermore, the trunnion includes a tubular trunnion body, an annular baffle, a main stiffener, a first stiffener, and a second stiffener. One end of the tubular trunnion body is welded and fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the top of the guide leg, and the outer edge of the other end is provided with an annular baffle. The two sides of the main stiffener are respectively welded to the inner wall of the tubular trunnion body. The first stiffener and the second stiffener are located on both sides of the main stiffener and are fixed to the main stiffener and the inner wall of the tubular trunnion body by welding. The lifting device is hoisted on the tubular trunnion body.

[0011] Further, step S5 includes: S5.1 After all piles are driven into the seabed and fixed, if the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is completed; if the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, a hoisting mechanical model of the trunnion is established based on ANSYS software. S5.2 Based on the hoisting mechanics model of the trunnion, calculate the stress distribution of the lifting device when lifting the trunnion, and determine the maximum lifting force of the trunnion based on the maximum stress value of the trunnion being ≤ 60% of the yield strength of the steel. S5.3 Detect the height of each trunnion from the sea level, and gradually lift the trunnion with the lowest height using a lifting device, with a lifting increment of 5 tons / lift. After each lift, let it stand for 10 minutes and measure the levelness of the top surface. If the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, continue lifting. If the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is complete.

[0012] The present invention also discloses a 10,000-ton-class jacket installation system, which is used to implement the above-mentioned installation process. The installation system includes an adaptive seabed topography module, an intelligent water injection and leveling module, a pile foundation construction module, a mechanical emergency leveling module, and an integrated measurement and control platform. The adaptive seabed topography module is used to generate a three-dimensional seabed topography model and calculate the installation thickness of the anti-sinking plate at the corresponding location on the seabed. The intelligent water injection leveling module is used to calculate the water injection volume in multiple water injection chambers and dynamically inject water into multiple water injection chambers; The pile foundation construction module is used to drive all pile foundations into the seabed and fix them in place; The mechanical emergency leveling module is used to lift the trunnion upwards; The integrated measurement and control platform includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, and an execution command output unit, which are used to control the adaptive seabed topography module, the intelligent water injection leveling module, the pile foundation construction module, and the mechanical emergency leveling module.

[0013] Furthermore, the integrated measurement and control platform also includes a three-dimensional dynamic visualization interface, a multi-source data fusion processing unit, and a self-balancing decision algorithm unit; The three-dimensional dynamic visualization interface is used to visualize the three-dimensional dynamic components of the installation system. The multi-source data fusion processing unit is used to process multi-source data collected by the data acquisition unit; The self-leveling decision algorithm unit is used to automatically generate decision instructions for adjusting the anti-settlement plate, water injection leveling of the jacket, pile foundation fixing, and jacket fixing leveling.

[0014] As described above, the installation process and system for the 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. When installing jacket structures using the installation process of this invention, multi-dimensional technical means such as digital support, terrain adaptation, dynamic control, collaborative piling, and emergency fine-tuning are used to achieve all-round precision control of the entire jacket structure installation process. This fundamentally solves the core technical pain points of traditional technologies, such as poor seabed terrain adaptability, insufficient dynamic control of the installation process, weak coordination between piling and leveling, and reliance on imported emergency leveling equipment. It also builds an independent, controllable, efficient and collaborative jacket structure installation technology system.

[0015] 2. In actual operation, the maximum level deviation after the jacket installation was only 0.2%, far less than the allowable error of 0.5%. In the first to sixth leveling measurements, the maximum level difference was +57mm, +80mm, +62mm, +44mm, +44mm, and +42mm respectively, all meeting the design requirements. The first domestic 108-inch ultra-large diameter jacket embedded self-leveling was successfully completed, fully verifying the feasibility of this technology. At the same time, the application of this technology broke the foreign monopoly on 108-inch diameter leveling equipment, saved the main operation fleet two ship days, avoided the high cost of leasing leveling equipment and leveling services, and achieved economic benefits of approximately 13 million yuan. Furthermore, this technology can be promoted and applied to subsequent 10,000-ton-class large jacket offshore installation projects.

[0016] 3. Based on the conventional floating cranes and vessel resources for the offshore installation of 10,000-ton-class jacket foundations, there is no need to use additional large vessel resources. It has good applicability and economy and can be promoted and applied to subsequent offshore installation projects of 10,000-ton-class large jacket foundations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the installation process in this invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the catheter holder in this invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the anti-sinking plate in this invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the trunnion structure in this invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a front view of the catheter holder in this invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a side view of the catheter holder in this invention.

[0023] Explanation of icon numbers 1. Truss main body, 2. Guide leg, 3. Bottom frame, 4. Pile foundation sleeve, 401. Main pile sleeve, 402. Secondary pile sleeve, 5. Anti-settlement plate, 6. Trunnion, 7. Tubular trunnion body, 8. Annular baffle, 9. Main stiffening plate, 10. First stiffening plate, 11. Second stiffening plate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0028] See Figures 1 to 5 This invention provides an installation process for a 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation. The jacket foundation includes a truss body 1, multiple jacket legs 2 fixed to the truss body 1, and a bottom frame 3 fixed to the bottom of the multiple jacket legs 2. The top of the truss body 1 is provided with a top surface for connecting to an upper platform. The truss body 1 is also provided with multiple water injection chambers. Trunnions 6 are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the top of the jacket legs 2. Multiple pile foundation sleeves 4 are fixed on the bottom frame 3. The installation process of the jacket foundation includes the following steps: S1. Platform Site Water Depth Measurement: Using the platform site water depth re-measurement system, the seabed topography of the platform site is mapped based on multibeam echo sounding technology. Preferably, a grid density of less than 1 meter × 1 meter is used to measure the topography of the construction seabed, improving the spatial resolution and data accuracy of the measurement, and more finely covering the construction seabed topography. A three-dimensional seabed topography model is generated, and multiple measured water depths of the seabed are obtained based on the three-dimensional seabed topography model. The multiple measured water depths of the seabed are the distances between the sea level and the seabed surface at the platform site, denoted as {an}, {an} = a1, a2, a3, ..., an. Preferably, GPS positioning technology is used to ensure that the horizontal error of the multiple water depth data {an} is ≤ ±0.1 meters and the vertical error is ≤ ±0.05 meters. S2. Adjusting the anti-sinking plate: Let the design water depth of the guide frame be a, and the design thickness of the anti-sinking plate be b. Adjust the actual thickness of the anti-sinking plate according to the measured water depth {an} at the installation location. Record the actual thickness of the anti-sinking plate as {b}. n}, {b n = b1, b2, b3, ..., b n And according to b n =b+a n -a Calculated installation thickness of each anti-sinking plate {b n}, these anti-sinking plates are pre-fixed to the corresponding positions at the bottom of the bottom frame (3) so that these anti-sinking plates match the topography of the corresponding position of the seabed, which can greatly reduce the vertical gap between the bottom surface of the anti-sinking plate 5 and the seabed surface. In this embodiment, through laser ranging verification, the vertical gap between the bottom surface of the anti-sinking plate 5 and the seabed surface can be controlled within the range of 30-50 mm, effectively reducing the initial unevenness of the guide frame by 60%. Preferably, four anti-sinking plates are provided, arranged in a symmetrical two-row two-column pattern, which can form a four-point support system that matches the actual seabed topography. S3. Water injection and leveling of the jacket: The jacket is launched into the water at an angle to the sea level. After launching, the levelness of the top surface is measured in real time, and the inclined jacket is straightened and placed upright in the seawater. After straightening, water is dynamically injected into multiple injection chambers. Preferably, a water injection threshold is set to prevent over-injection. The single water injection volume of a single injection chamber does not exceed 5% of the volume of the injection chamber. Preferably, the water injection rate is set to 200 cubic meters per hour, so that the jacket gradually sinks into the sea until all the anti-sinking plates are placed in their corresponding positions on the seabed, completing the bottoming process. S3.1 After the jacket is launched, the levelness of the top surface is measured in real time. Specifically, the levelness of the top surface is measured by 12 sets of tilt sensors pre-embedded in the jacket. Preferably, a three-dimensional point cloud model of the jacket is generated every 30 minutes by an underwater robot equipped with a laser scanner, and the underwater attitude of the jacket is dynamically updated. S3.2. Lift the top of the truss body 1 using a lifting device and inject water into the water injection chamber located at the bottom of the truss body 1, so that the tilted guide frame is gradually rotated until the top surface faces upward, thus completing the straightening process. S3.3 After righting the structure, the water injection volume for multiple injection chambers is calculated based on the real-time levelness of the top surface using the water injection formula. Water is then dynamically injected into these chambers to gradually submerge the jacket structure until all anti-sinking plates are positioned on their respective locations on the seabed, completing the bottoming process. The water injection formula is as follows: Q=K×Δθ×V (1) In the formula, Q is the water injection volume of the target water injection chamber, K is the adjustment coefficient, which is taken as 0.9-1.1, Δθ is the levelness deviation expressed in radians, and V is the effective volume of the target water injection chamber; S3.4 After the bottom is set, the water injection volume of multiple water injection chambers is calculated based on the levelness deviation of the top surface using the water injection formula. Water is then injected into the multiple water injection chambers again until the levelness of the top surface is ≤ 120% of the design specification requirement. In this embodiment, the design specification requires the levelness of the guide frame to be less than the allowable value, which is preferably 0.2%. S4. Pile Foundation Fixing: After the jacket is seated, the pile foundations are divided into several groups. The pile foundations in each group are driven into the seabed alternately for fixing. All pile foundations are driven into the seabed for fixing in sequence. Preferably, an 800 kJ hydraulic hammer is used to drive the pile foundations at a frequency of 18±2 blows / minute. The reaction force and verticality of each pile foundation are monitored in real time. The bearing capacity of a single pile foundation is controlled to be 85%-95% of the design value based on the reaction force value, taking into account both engineering safety and economy. The hammering energy is adjusted according to the verticality. S4.1 Divide multiple pile foundations into several groups, with each group consisting of two pile foundations. Each group includes a first pile foundation and a second pile foundation, and the first pile foundation and the second pile foundation are located in the pile foundation sleeves 4 at opposite corners on both sides of the bottom frame 3. S4.2. Insert the first pile of the group into the pile sleeve 4 on one side of the bottom frame 3, and drive the first pile into the seabed. If the levelness of the top surface increases during the driving of the first pile, stop driving the first pile. Insert the second pile of the same group into the pile sleeve 4 on the opposite side of the bottom frame 3, and drive the second pile into the seabed. If the levelness of the top surface increases during the driving of the second pile, stop driving the second pile and continue driving the first pile. When the first pile is driven into the seabed to the preset depth, the first pile is fixed to the seabed. Drive the second pile into the seabed to the preset depth and fix the second pile to the seabed. Specifically, if the first pile of the group is driven crookedly, deviated, or experiences geological subsidence, etc. If the external conditions tilt, the first pile foundation will press down against the inner wall of the pile foundation sleeve 4, and the force transmitted through the pile foundation sleeve 4 will cause the guide frame to tilt to one side, increasing the levelness of the top surface. At this time, the other side of the guide frame away from the first pile foundation will undergo reverse displacement. For example, when the first pile foundation causes the guide frame to sink to one side, the other side of the guide frame will tilt upward accordingly. Therefore, by inserting the second pile foundation on the other side into the tilted pile foundation sleeve 4 and driving it into the seabed, the force of driving the second pile foundation can drive the tilted guide frame to generate a reset displacement, thereby reducing the levelness of the top surface, realizing real-time compensation of the levelness, and reducing the adverse effects of pile driving on the levelness of the top surface. S4.3 When the first and second pile foundations of a group are fixed to the seabed, the remaining groups are driven into the seabed and fixed in sequence according to step S4.2 until all pile foundations are driven into the seabed and fixed. S5. Casing Fixing and Leveling: After all piles are driven into the seabed and fixed, if the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is complete; if the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, check the height between each trunnion 6 and the sea level, and use a lifting device to lift the trunnion 6 with the lowest height upwards until the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, then the installation is complete. S5.1 After all piles are driven into the seabed and fixed, if the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is completed; if the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, a hoisting mechanical model of trunnion 6 is established based on ANSYS software. S5.2. Based on the hoisting mechanics model of trunnion 6, calculate the stress distribution of the lifting device when lifting trunnion 6. Determine the maximum lifting force of trunnion 6 based on the maximum stress value of trunnion 6 being ≤ 60% of the yield strength of steel. Verify the hoisting capacity and breaking load of the lifting device. Preferably, deploy a 32-channel strain monitoring instrument to collect stress data of trunnion 6 in real time at a sampling frequency of ≥ 10 Hz. If the stress of trunnion 6 reaches the warning threshold, issue an early warning of risk and stop the operation to ensure construction safety. S5.3. Detect the height of each trunnion 6 above the sea level, and gradually lift the trunnion 6 with the lowest height using a lifting device. Specifically, when lifting the trunnion 6, a dual-point lifting method is adopted. One lifting point is the trunnion 6 with the lowest height, and the other lifting point is the trunnion 6 symmetrical to this trunnion 6 and located on the other side of the guide frame. The lifting cables of the two trunnions form a 55° angle. The lifting increment is 5 tons / time. Through progressive loading, millimeter-level precision leveling is achieved. After each lifting, let it stand for 10 minutes and measure the levelness of the top surface. If the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, continue lifting. If the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is completed.

[0029] The basic working principle of the installation process of the 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation involved in this invention is as follows: This invention achieves high-precision control of the entire jacket foundation installation process through five steps, with each step working in synergy, as detailed below; Through step S1, high-precision topographic and multi-point water depth data of the seabed at the platform site can be obtained, constructing a digital foundation for the seabed topography and providing accurate data support for subsequent steps. Through step S2, based on the water depth data in step S1, the thickness of each anti-sinking plate at the corresponding position on the seabed can be calculated and adjusted so that the multiple anti-sinking plates at the bottom of the jacket can match the topography of the corresponding position on the seabed. This structurally avoids the initial tilt of the jacket caused by the unevenness of the seabed, reduces the deviation between the final levelness of the top surface and the horizontal reference, and significantly improves the adaptability of the jacket to the seabed topography. Through step S3, based on step S2, the center of gravity of the jacket is controlled by adjusting the water injection volume of multiple water injection chambers according to the levelness of the top surface. The torque generated by the unbalanced water load is used to actively intervene in the stress state of the jacket, thereby adjusting the posture of the jacket and completing the dynamic correction of the posture of the jacket throughout the entire process of straightening and bottoming. This improves the dynamic control capability, fills the technical gap of insufficient dynamic control in the traditional installation process, and effectively avoids the jacket tilting during bottoming. Through step S4, based on step S3, a construction method of driving pile foundations into the seabed in groups and fixing them is adopted. When a pile foundation in a certain group experiences sudden situations such as being driven crooked, deviated, or experiencing geological settlement that affects the levelness of the top surface, another pile foundation in the same group is hammered for targeted correction. This achieves coordinated linkage between pile driving and leveling control, solving the technical problems of disconnection and weak coordination between pile driving and leveling in traditional processes, and minimizing the disturbance of pile driving operations to the levelness of the top surface. In step S5, based on step S4, the lowest trunnion 6 is precisely lifted using a lifting device to achieve the final fine-tuning and calibration of the levelness, ensuring that the levelness of the top surface meets the standard. This invention utilizes multi-dimensional technical means, including digital support, terrain adaptation, dynamic control, collaborative piling, and emergency fine-tuning, to achieve comprehensive precision control of the entire jacket installation process. It fundamentally solves the core technical pain points of traditional technologies, such as poor seabed terrain adaptability, insufficient dynamic control during installation, weak coordination between piling and leveling, and reliance on imported emergency leveling equipment. This invention constructs an independent, controllable, efficient, and collaborative jacket installation technology system.

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to a specific embodiment: In this embodiment, see Figure 3 As a preferred design, the trunnion 6 includes a tubular trunnion body 7, an annular baffle 8, a main rib 9, a first rib 10, and a second rib 11. One end of the tubular trunnion body 7 is welded and fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the top of the guide leg 2. See [reference needed]. Figure 4 , Figure 5 The outer edge of the other end is provided with an annular baffle 8. The two sides of the main stiffening plate 9 are welded to the inner wall of the tubular trunnion body 7. The first stiffening plate 10 and the second stiffening plate 11 are located on both sides of the main stiffening plate 9 and are fixed to the main stiffening plate 9 and the inner wall of the tubular trunnion body 7 by welding. The lifting device is hoisted on the tubular trunnion body 7. The annular baffle 8 can prevent the lifting device from sliding out of the end of the tubular trunnion body 7. The first stiffening plate 10 and the second stiffening plate 11 can form a stress diffusion structure, which cooperates with the main stiffening plate 9 to form A three-dimensional force network transmits the force on the tubular trunnion body 7, improving structural stability. Through the trunnion 6, the leveling operation of the guide frame can be completed without a hydraulic leveler. Preferably, the outer diameter of the trunnion body 7 is 1.2 times the diameter of the guide leg, the length of the trunnion body 7 extends 1.5-2 meters beyond the guide leg, the thickness of the main stiffening plate 9 is 2 / 3 of the wall thickness of the trunnion body 7, and the maximum horizontal distance between the first stiffening plate 10 and the second stiffening plate 11 is 0.3-0.5 times the inner diameter of the trunnion body 7.

[0031] In this embodiment, see Figure 2 As a preferred design, the pile foundation includes main piles and auxiliary piles. The pile foundation sleeve 4 includes main pile sleeve 401 and auxiliary pile sleeve 402. Multiple main pile sleeves 401 are fixed on the bottom frame 3. Each main pile sleeve 401 is fixedly connected to two auxiliary pile sleeves 402. In other embodiments, holes can be opened along the axial direction inside the guide leg 2. The main pile sleeve 401 is set in the internal hole of the guide leg 2. In step S4, multiple main piles are first divided into several groups and driven into the seabed and fixed in sequence. Then, multiple auxiliary piles are divided into several groups and driven into the seabed and fixed. Specifically, two main piles are divided into a group, and the two main piles are located in the main pile sleeves 401 at opposite corners on both sides of the bottom frame 3. Four auxiliary piles are divided into a group, and the four auxiliary piles are located in the auxiliary pile sleeves 402 at opposite corners on both sides of the bottom frame 3. First, the two auxiliary piles on the same side are hammered, and then the two auxiliary piles on the other side are hammered. See Figure 1 The present invention also discloses a 10,000-ton-class jacket installation system. The installation system is used to implement the above-mentioned installation process. The installation system includes an adaptive seabed topography module, an intelligent water injection and leveling module, a pile foundation construction module, a mechanical emergency leveling module, and an integrated measurement and control platform. The adaptive seabed topography module is used to generate a three-dimensional seabed topography model, obtain multiple measured water depths of the seabed, and calculate the installation thickness of the anti-sinking plate at the corresponding location on the seabed. The intelligent water injection and leveling module is used to calculate the water injection volume in multiple water injection chambers and dynamically inject water into multiple water injection chambers. Specifically, it can dynamically inject water into multiple water injection chambers based on the horizontality and verticality of the top surface using the water injection volume formula. The pile foundation construction module is used to drive all piles into the seabed and fix them in place. Specifically, it can establish a pile driveability analysis model based on the seabed topography of the platform site, evaluate the pile resistance, the possibility of seabed soil liquefaction, pile penetration depth, pile stress, and the number of hammer blows required, and can adjust the hammer energy according to the verticality of the pile. The mechanical emergency leveling module is used to lift the trunnion 6 upwards. Specifically, it can establish a hoisting mechanical model of the trunnion 6, calculate the lifting force required for hoisting, check the hoisting capacity of the crane and the breaking load of the rigging, implement the low-point lifting of the jacket through a progressive loading method, and monitor the stress distribution changes of the jacket in real time. The integrated measurement and control platform includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, and an execution command output unit, used to control the adaptive seabed topography module, the intelligent water injection leveling module, the pile foundation construction module, and the mechanical emergency leveling module. Specifically, the data acquisition unit transmits the acquired data to the data processing unit, which performs calculations based on the acquired data and transmits the processing results to the execution command output unit. The execution command output unit is used to execute commands. In this embodiment, the data acquisition unit includes a multi-beam transducer array, a pre-embedded tilt sensor array, an underwater robot equipped with a laser scanner, and a flow sensor for the water injection chamber. The execution command output unit includes a water injection control valve group for the water injection chamber, used to control the opening and closing of the valves. In this embodiment, see Figure 1 As a preferred design, the integrated measurement and control platform also includes a three-dimensional dynamic visualization interface, a multi-source data fusion processing unit, and a self-balancing decision algorithm unit; The 3D dynamic visualization interface is used to visualize the various modules of the installed system in 3D dynamic mode. The multi-source data fusion processing unit is used to process multi-source data collected by the data acquisition unit; The self-leveling decision algorithm unit is used to automatically generate decision instructions for adjusting anti-settlement plates, water injection leveling of jacket supports, pile foundation fixing, and jacket support fixing leveling. Preferably, the integrated measurement and control platform also includes an installation location dynamic positioning unit, an emergency mode switching unit, and a safety protection logic control unit; The dynamic positioning unit is used to control the placement of multiple anti-sinking plates at their respective positions on the seabed, ensuring that the installation position deviation of the jacket is ≤0.5 meters. The emergency mode switching unit is used to automatically switch between emergency modes. In an emergency, it can quickly and automatically switch from normal power supply to backup power supply to ensure that the installation of the conduit frame can be carried out continuously and without accidents. The safety protection logic control unit is used to automatically trigger the safety protection logic of the installation system, which can ensure that the stress over-limit warning response time of the guide frame during the leveling process is less than 5 seconds.

[0032] As described above, the installation process and system for the 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. When installing jacket structures using the installation process of this invention, multi-dimensional technical means such as digital support, terrain adaptation, dynamic control, collaborative piling, and emergency fine-tuning are used to achieve all-round precision control of the entire jacket structure installation process. This fundamentally solves the core technical pain points of traditional technologies, such as poor seabed terrain adaptability, insufficient dynamic control of the installation process, weak coordination between piling and leveling, and reliance on imported emergency leveling equipment. It also builds an independent, controllable, efficient and collaborative jacket structure installation technology system.

[0033] 2. In actual operation, the maximum level deviation after the jacket installation was only 0.2%, far less than the allowable error of 0.5%. In the first to sixth leveling measurements, the maximum level difference was +57mm, +80mm, +62mm, +44mm, +44mm, and +42mm respectively, all meeting the design requirements. The first domestic 108-inch ultra-large diameter jacket embedded self-leveling was successfully completed, fully verifying the feasibility of this technology. At the same time, the application of this technology broke the foreign monopoly on 108-inch diameter leveling equipment, saved the main operation fleet two ship days, avoided the high cost of leasing leveling equipment and leveling services, and achieved economic benefits of approximately 13 million yuan. Furthermore, this technology can be promoted and applied to subsequent 10,000-ton-class large jacket offshore installation projects.

[0034] 3. Based on the conventional floating cranes and vessel resources for the offshore installation of 10,000-ton-class jacket foundations, there is no need to use additional large vessel resources. It has good applicability and economy and can be promoted and applied to subsequent offshore installation projects of 10,000-ton-class large jacket foundations.

[0035] In summary, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial application value.

[0036] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An installation process for a 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation, characterized in that: The jacket includes a truss body (1), multiple jacket legs (2) fixed on the truss body (1), and a bottom frame (3) fixed to the bottom of the multiple jacket legs (2). The top of the truss body (1) is provided with a top surface for connecting to the upper platform. The truss body (1) is also provided with multiple water injection chambers. The outer circumferential surface of the top of the jacket legs (2) is provided with trunnions (6). Multiple pile foundation sleeves (4) are fixed on the bottom frame (3). The installation process of the jacket includes the following steps: S1. Platform Site Water Depth Measurement: Based on multibeam echo sounding technology, the seabed topography of the platform site is mapped to generate a three-dimensional seabed topography model. Based on this model, multiple measured water depths are obtained. These measured water depths represent the distances between the sea level and the seabed surface at the platform site, denoted as {a}. n }, {a n = a1, a2, a3, ..., a n ; S2. Adjusting the anti-sinking plate: Let the design water depth of the guide frame be a, and the design thickness of the anti-sinking plate be b. Adjust the actual thickness of the anti-sinking plate according to the measured water depth {an} at the installation location. Record the actual thickness of the anti-sinking plate as {b}. n }, {b n = b1, b2, b3, ..., b n And according to b n =b+a n -a Calculated installation thickness of each anti-sinking plate {b n }, these anti-sinking plates are pre-fixed to the corresponding positions at the bottom of the bottom frame (3); S3. Water injection and leveling of the jacket: The jacket is launched into the water at an angle to the sea level. After launching, the levelness of the top surface is measured in real time. The inclined jacket is then straightened and placed upright in the seawater. After straightening, water is dynamically injected into multiple water injection chambers to gradually sink the jacket into the sea until all the anti-sinking plates are placed in their corresponding positions on the seabed, thus completing the bottoming process. S4. Pile foundation fixing: After the jacket is seated, the multiple pile foundations are divided into several groups. The pile foundations in each group are alternately driven into the seabed for fixing, and all the pile foundations are driven into the seabed for fixing in sequence. S5. Fixing and leveling the jacket: After all the piles are driven into the seabed and fixed, if the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is finished; if the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, the height between each trunnion (6) and the sea level is checked, and the trunnion (6) with the lowest height is lifted up by the lifting equipment until the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, and the installation is finished.

2. The installation process of the 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 includes: S3.1 After the jacket is lowered into the water, the levelness of the top surface shall be measured in real time until the installation is completed; S3.

2. Lift the top of the truss body (1) using a lifting device and inject water into the water injection chamber located at the bottom of the truss body (1) so that the tilted guide frame is gradually rotated until the top surface faces upward, thus completing the straightening process. S3.3 After righting the structure, the water injection volume for multiple injection chambers is calculated based on the real-time levelness of the top surface using the water injection formula. Water is then dynamically injected into these chambers to gradually submerge the jacket structure until all anti-sinking plates are positioned on their respective locations on the seabed, completing the bottoming process. The water injection formula is as follows: Q=K×Δθ×V (1) In the formula, Q is the water injection volume of the target water injection chamber, K is the adjustment coefficient, which is taken as 0.9-1.1, Δθ is the levelness deviation expressed in radians, and V is the effective volume of the target water injection chamber; S3.4 After the bottom is set, the water volume of multiple water injection chambers is calculated based on the deviation of the top surface level using the water injection formula. Water is then injected into the multiple water injection chambers again until the level of the top surface is ≤ 120% of the allowable value required by the design specifications.

3. The installation process of the 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S4 includes: S4.1 Divide multiple pile foundations into several groups, with each group consisting of two pile foundations. Each group includes a first pile foundation and a second pile foundation, and the first pile foundation and the second pile foundation are located in the pile foundation sleeves (4) on opposite sides of the bottom frame (3). S4.2 Insert the first pile foundation of a group into the pile foundation sleeve (4) on one side of the bottom frame (3) and drive the first pile foundation into the seabed. If the levelness of the top surface increases during the driving of the first pile foundation, stop driving the first pile foundation. Insert the second pile foundation of the same group into the pile foundation sleeve (4) on the opposite side of the bottom frame (3) and drive the second pile foundation into the seabed. If the levelness of the top surface increases during the driving of the second pile foundation, stop driving the second pile foundation and continue driving the first pile foundation. When the first pile foundation is driven into the seabed to the preset depth, the first pile foundation is fixed to the seabed. Drive the second pile foundation into the seabed to the preset depth and fix the second pile foundation to the seabed. S4.3 When the first and second piles of a group are fixed to the seabed, the remaining groups are driven into the seabed and fixed in sequence according to step S4.2 until all piles are driven into the seabed and fixed.

4. The installation process of the 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The trunnion (6) includes a tubular trunnion body (7), an annular baffle (8), a main rib plate (9), a first rib plate (10), and a second rib plate (11). One end of the tubular trunnion body (7) is welded and fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the top of the guide leg (2), and the outer edge of the other end is provided with an annular baffle (8). The two sides of the main rib plate (9) are respectively welded to the inner wall of the tubular trunnion body (7). The first rib plate (10) and the second rib plate (11) are located on both sides of the main rib plate (9) and are fixed to the main rib plate (9) and the inner wall of the tubular trunnion body (7) by welding. The lifting device is hoisted on the tubular trunnion body (7).

5. The installation process of the 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S5 includes: S5.1 After all the piles are driven into the seabed and fixed, if the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is finished; if the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, the hoisting mechanical model of the trunnion (6) is established based on ANSYS software. S5.

2. Based on the hoisting mechanics model of the trunnion (6), calculate the stress distribution of the lifting device when lifting the trunnion (6), and determine the maximum lifting force of the trunnion (6) based on the maximum stress value of the trunnion (6) being ≤ 60% of the yield strength of the steel. S5.3 Detect the height between each trunnion (6) and the sea level, and gradually lift the trunnion (6) with the lowest height using a lifting device. The lifting increment is 5 tons / time. After each lifting, let it stand for 10 minutes and measure the levelness of the top surface. If the levelness of the top surface is greater than the allowable value, continue lifting. If the levelness of the top surface is less than the allowable value, the installation is finished.

6. A 10,000-ton-class jacket foundation installation system, characterized in that: The installation system is used to implement the installation process as described in any one of claims 1-5 above, and the installation system includes an adaptive seabed topography module, an intelligent water injection and leveling module, a pile foundation construction module, a mechanical emergency leveling module, and an integrated measurement and control platform; The adaptive seabed topography module is used to generate a three-dimensional seabed topography model and calculate the installation thickness of the anti-sinking plate at the corresponding location on the seabed. The intelligent water injection leveling module is used to calculate the water injection volume in multiple water injection chambers and dynamically inject water into multiple water injection chambers; The pile foundation construction module is used to drive all pile foundations into the seabed and fix them in place; The mechanical emergency leveling module is used to lift the trunnion (6) upwards. The integrated measurement and control platform includes a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, and an execution command output unit, which are used to control the adaptive seabed topography module, the intelligent water injection leveling module, the pile foundation construction module, and the mechanical emergency leveling module.

7. The 10,000-ton-class jacket installation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The integrated measurement and control platform also includes a three-dimensional dynamic visualization interface, a multi-source data fusion processing unit, and a self-balancing decision algorithm unit; The three-dimensional dynamic visualization interface is used to visualize the three-dimensional dynamic components of the installation system. The multi-source data fusion processing unit is used to process multi-source data collected by the data acquisition unit; The self-leveling decision algorithm unit is used to automatically generate decision instructions for adjusting the anti-settlement plate, water injection leveling of the jacket, pile foundation fixing, and jacket fixing leveling.

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