Solid-state hydrogen storage bottle opening valve integrating hydrogen remaining amount monitoring and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage bottle opening valve integrating hydrogen surplus monitoring and a monitoring method. According to the bottleneck valve, an air pressure sensing module based on an atomic cluster sensing mechanism is integrated in a valve body, the module senses the pressure difference change of air pressure in a reference constant-pressure bin and a bottle through a flexible isolation diaphragm, and a pressure signal is converted into an electric signal through an atomic cluster sensitive layer. The system carries out amplification, filtering, temperature compensation and analog-to-digital conversion on the electric signals through the signal processing unit, and the control unit dynamically calculates the instantaneous hydrogen release flow and the hydrogen remaining amount based on the air pressure change rate and a hydrogen storage material gas-solid balance model. The system realizes integration of hydrogen storage cylinder pressure monitoring and margin estimation, has the advantages of high precision, high integration level and temperature self-compensation, and is suitable for intelligent management of a solid hydrogen storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy power technology, specifically to a solid hydrogen storage cylinder valve and monitoring method that integrates hydrogen balance monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology utilizes materials such as metal hydrides to reversibly adsorb and release hydrogen under mild conditions, offering advantages such as high safety and high hydrogen storage density. However, the pressure inside a solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder is not a simple linear relationship with the remaining hydrogen volume; it is influenced by multiple factors, including the gas-solid equilibrium characteristics of the storage material and temperature. Traditional mechanical pressure gauges or external pressure sensors can only provide instantaneous pressure readings and cannot accurately reflect the true hydrogen content inside the cylinder, causing inconvenience for users and system management.

[0003] In existing technologies, the problem of hydrogen reserve monitoring is usually solved by using external sensors combined with complex algorithms. However, this increases the complexity of the system structure, cost, and potential risk of sealing leaks. Therefore, developing a highly integrated monitoring system that can be directly embedded inside the bottle valve and can intelligently calculate the hydrogen reserve has become crucial for promoting the development and application of solid-state hydrogen storage technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a solid hydrogen storage cylinder valve with a reserve monitoring function and its monitoring method. By integrating a highly sensitive gas pressure sensing module based on the principle of atomic clusters inside the valve, accurate measurement of the gas pressure inside the cylinder can be achieved. Furthermore, an algorithm model is used to convert gas pressure changes into hydrogen storage reserve, thereby realizing intelligent monitoring of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A solid hydrogen storage cylinder valve with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring includes a valve body (1) at the mouth of a solid hydrogen storage cylinder (101), a shut-off valve (22) and a pressure reducing valve assembly located on the main gas channel inside the valve body (1), and a quick-connect hydrogen supply port (2) located outside the valve body (1) and connected to the main gas channel. The valve body (1) is characterized by further including a gas pressure sensing module (21) located inside the valve body (1) and connected to the main gas channel for converting the gas phase pressure in the phase space of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder (101) into an electrical signal, a signal processing unit connected to the gas pressure sensing module (21) for processing the electrical signal, and a control unit connected to the signal processing unit. The control unit is used to calculate the processed signal into the current gas pressure value and calculate the remaining hydrogen storage capacity based on the current gas pressure value and the gas-solid balance characteristics of the hydrogen storage material (102) filled inside the solid hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0006] Furthermore, the pressure sensing module includes a reference constant pressure chamber and a flexible isolation diaphragm that serves as a sealing and isolation component for the reference constant pressure chamber; The pressure sensing module is airtightly connected to the valve body through the pressure sensing module interface; the pressure sensing module interface is equipped with a pressure guiding hole for connecting the flexible isolation diaphragm and the phase space of the solid hydrogen storage bottle. The first side of the flexible isolation diaphragm receives the gas phase pressure in the solid hydrogen storage bottle through the pressure guiding hole, while the second side is directly exposed to the constant reference pressure environment in the reference constant pressure chamber and is attached with an atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module. The flexible pressure sensing module of atomic clusters responds to the deformation of the flexible isolation diaphragm caused by the pressure difference between the reference constant pressure chamber and the solid hydrogen storage bottle, as well as the ambient temperature, and outputs a raw electrical signal that varies with pressure and temperature. The signal output terminal of the flexible pressure sensing module of atomic clusters is connected to an airtight electrical interface for outputting the raw electrical signal, and the airtight electrical interface is connected to the signal processing unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module includes a flexible substrate, interdigitated electrodes deposited on the flexible substrate, an atomic cluster sensitive layer embedded in the gaps and / or surface of the interdigitated electrodes, and two flexible insulating support layers disposed on both sides of the flexible substrate. The atomic cluster sensitive layer and the interdigitated electrodes form an ohmic contact, together constituting a sensitive resistor. The sensitive resistor responds to the deformation of the flexible isolation diaphragm caused by the pressure difference between the reference constant pressure chamber and the solid hydrogen storage bottle, as well as the ambient temperature. The resistance value changes due to the change in the spacing between the clusters in the atomic cluster sensitive layer, and outputs a raw electrical signal that changes with pressure and temperature.

[0008] Furthermore, the atomic cluster sensitive layer is composed of atomic clusters formed by vacuum sputtering or molecular beam deposition of one or more metals, such as palladium, platinum, and copper.

[0009] Furthermore, the interdigitated electrodes have an electrode spacing of 10-30 micrometers and the electrode material is a silver or platinum thin film; the thickness of the atomic cluster sensitive layer is 20-200 nanometers; the flexible substrate is made of polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate; and the flexible isolation membrane is made of liquid metal film or a hydrogen-resistant polymer membrane.

[0010] Furthermore, the signal processing unit and the barometric pressure sensing module are integrated into a single package design; The valve body is equipped with an electrical interface. The input end of the electrical interface is connected to the signal processing unit, and the output end is connected to the control unit. Both the electrical interface and the hermetic electrical interface adopt a ceramic-metal encapsulation structure; The valve body is also equipped with a quick-connect hydrogen addition / activation port, which is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder through an activation channel, and a one-way valve is provided on the activation channel; The valve body is also equipped with a vent, which is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder through an exhaust branch. The valve body is also equipped with safety components, including a temperature and pressure relief device. The temperature and pressure relief device is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder through a safety relief channel. The temperature and pressure relief device integrates a pressure rupture disc and a fusible alloy. The pressure rupture disc is located on the exhaust branch, and the fusible alloy is located on the safety relief channel. The pressure reducing valve assembly includes a primary pressure reducing valve and a secondary pressure reducing valve connected in series.

[0011] Furthermore, the control unit is integrated on or inside the valve body and is integrated with the electrical interface.

[0012] A monitoring method for the valve at the mouth of a solid hydrogen storage cylinder that integrates hydrogen balance monitoring, comprising the following steps: S1. Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing: The raw electrical signal is acquired in real time through the barometric pressure sensor module; the raw electrical signal is amplified and filtered to obtain an analog electrical signal; the analog electrical signal is linearized, and then the linearized signal is converted from analog to digital to obtain a digital signal; S2. Temperature Compensation and Pressure Calculation: A linear correction model is used to correct the temperature drift of the digital signal and calculate the current air pressure value. S3. Dynamic Model and Margin Calculation: S31. Based on the ideal gas law and the gas-solid equilibrium characteristics of hydrogen storage materials, establish a model relating the amount of gaseous hydrogen and pressure inside the bottle; S32. Calculate the time derivative of the current air pressure value to obtain the rate of change of air pressure; S33. Calculate the hydrogen supply flow rate by combining the relationship model and the rate of change of gas pressure; S34. Integrate the hydrogen supply flow rate over time to obtain the cumulative hydrogen supply; S35. Subtract the cumulative hydrogen supply from the initial hydrogen storage to obtain the remaining hydrogen storage; S4. State Filtering and Output: A recursive filtering algorithm is used to smooth the remaining hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen supply flow rate, and the remaining hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen supply status are output.

[0013] The control unit is integrated on or inside the valve body and is integrated with the electrical interface.

[0014] Furthermore, in S1, the linearization process involves performing a logarithmic transformation on the analog electrical signal, as follows: ,in To simulate electrical signals, It is a digital signal; In S2, the temperature drift correction model is as follows: ;in, It is the zero-point constant. For temperature coefficient, For sensitivity, As the reference temperature, For real-time temperature, The calculated current air pressure value; In S4, the recursive filtering algorithm is either Kalman filtering or sliding window averaging; the hydrogen supply status includes at least the hydrogen supply flow rate; By comparing the hydrogen supply flow rate with a preset flow rate threshold, the system's operating status can be determined and output. The operating status includes: normal hydrogen supply, high flow rate hydrogen supply, low flow rate idling, hydrogen supply interruption, and abnormal hydrogen supply.

[0015] Furthermore, in S31, the relationship between the amount of gaseous hydrogen and pressure is modeled as follows: ,in, This represents the volume of gaseous hydrogen gas inside the bottle. This refers to the number of moles of hydrogen in the gaseous phase. The gas constant is... The temperature of the gaseous hydrogen gas inside the bottle; In S33, the hydrogen supply flow rate is calculated as follows: ,in, for t Hydrogen supply flow rate at that time This represents the rate of change of air pressure. In S34, the cumulative hydrogen supply is calculated as follows: ,in, for t Cumulative hydrogen supply at that time; In S35, the remaining hydrogen storage capacity is calculated as follows: ,in, The remaining hydrogen storage at time t This represents the initial hydrogen storage capacity.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. High integration and safety: The highly sensitive atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module is directly embedded in the bottle valve, avoiding the sealing risks and extra space occupation of external sensors. The structure is compact and the safety is high.

[0017] 2. High precision and self-compensation: Pressure sensing is achieved by utilizing the quantum tunneling effect of atomic clusters, resulting in extremely high sensitivity. At the same time, the pressure sensing module itself has temperature response characteristics, and temperature self-compensation can be achieved through algorithms, eliminating the need for an additional temperature sensor and improving measurement accuracy.

[0018] 3. Intelligent Residual Volume Monitoring: By using the ideal gas law and the gas-solid balance characteristics of hydrogen storage materials, a model is established to show the relationship between the amount of gaseous hydrogen and the pressure inside the cylinder. This transforms simple pressure measurement into accurate estimation of hydrogen residual volume, enabling intelligent management of hydrogen storage cylinders and solving the industry pain point of difficulty in judging the residual volume of solid hydrogen storage.

[0019] 4. High reliability: The flexible isolation diaphragm physically isolates hydrogen from the sensitive electronic components, and combined with metal seals and ceramic gas-tight interfaces, it ensures long-term stable operation of the sensor in high-pressure, high-hydrogen-concentration environments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the bottle valve of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the air pressure sensing module structure of the present invention.

[0022] The names corresponding to the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1-Valve body, 2-Quick-connect hydrogen supply port, 3-Quick-connect hydrogen addition / activation port, 4-Vent port, 5-Temperature and pressure release device, 6-Electrical interface, 21-Pressure sensor module, 22-Stop valve, 23-First-stage pressure reducing valve, 24-Second-stage pressure reducing valve; 31-Check valve; 41-Pressure rupture disc; 51-Fuse alloy, 101-Solid hydrogen storage cylinder, 102-Hydrogen storage material, 103-Filter, 211-Pressure sensor module interface, 212-Flexible isolation diaphragm, 213-Atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module, 214-Reference constant pressure chamber, 215-Airtight electrical interface, 2131-Flexible insulating support layer, 2132-Atomic cluster sensitive layer, 2133-Interdigitated electrode, 2134-Flexible substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; of course, they can also refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; furthermore, they can refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a solid hydrogen storage cylinder valve with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring, including a valve body (1) at the mouth of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder (101), a shut-off valve (22) and a pressure reducing valve assembly located on the main gas channel inside the valve body (1), and a quick-connect hydrogen supply port (2) located outside the valve body (1) and connected to the main gas channel. The invention is characterized by further including a gas pressure sensing module (21) located inside the valve body (1) and connected to the main gas channel for converting the gas phase pressure in the phase space of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder (101) into an electrical signal, a signal processing unit connected to the gas pressure sensing module (21) for processing the electrical signal, and a control unit connected to the signal processing unit. The control unit is used to calculate the processed signal into the current gas pressure value and calculate the remaining hydrogen storage capacity based on the current gas pressure value and the gas-solid balance characteristics of the hydrogen storage material (102) filled inside the solid hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0027] The valve body 1 of this invention has a connection interface at its bottom that communicates with the gas phase space of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 101. The connection interface is threaded to the bottle mouth of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 101 and forms a sealed cavity through the shell cap. The solid hydrogen storage bottle 101 is filled with hydrogen storage material 102 for reversibly storing hydrogen in solid form. The hydrogen storage material 102 is a hydrogen storage alloy. A filter 103 is provided at the bottle mouth of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 101 to prevent hydrogen storage material powder and particles from entering the gas path system, preventing blockage of downstream valves and contamination of the pressure sensing module 21.

[0028] The valve body 1 of this invention has a main gas channel inside along the gas flow direction, and a shut-off valve 22 and a pressure reducing valve assembly are arranged sequentially on the main gas channel. The shut-off valve 22 is used to control the connection and isolation between the solid hydrogen storage cylinder 101 and the external pipeline, realizing the opening and closing operation of the cylinder. The pressure reducing valve assembly includes a primary pressure reducing valve 23 and a secondary pressure reducing valve 24 connected in series. The primary pressure reducing valve 23 is located downstream of the shut-off valve 22 and reduces the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen in the cylinder to the medium-pressure range; the secondary pressure reducing valve 24 is located downstream of the primary pressure reducing valve 23 and is used to further stabilize the pressure output to the low-pressure range, thereby realizing constant-pressure hydrogen supply to the outside. The end of the main gas channel is connected to the quick-connect hydrogen supply port 2, which is located on the outer side of the valve body 1 and can be quickly connected to an external hydrogen supply system or fuel cell system.

[0029] The valve body 1 of this invention is also provided with a quick-connect hydrogen addition / activation port 3, which is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder 101 through an activation channel. This port is used to replenish hydrogen or activate the hydrogen storage material after its first use or after a long period of stagnation. A one-way valve 31 is provided on the activation channel to prevent backflow of gas into the hydrogen supply path during hydrogen addition / activation operations. The valve body 1 is also provided with a vent port 4, which is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder 101 through an exhaust branch. This vent port is used to safely release residual gas in the cylinder or pipelines during maintenance, debugging, or abnormal conditions. The valve body 1 is also provided with a safety component, including a temperature and pressure relief device 5. This device is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder 101 through a safety relief channel. It is used to automatically release pressure when the temperature or pressure inside the cylinder abnormally increases to ensure safety. The temperature and pressure relief device 5 integrates a pressure rupture disc 41 and a fusible alloy 51, providing overpressure and overtemperature protection respectively, providing dual safety redundancy. When the internal pressure of the cylinder exceeds the design limit, the pressure rupture disc 41 automatically ruptures to release gas; when the cylinder loses temperature, the fusible alloy 51 melts to open the passage, achieving thermal failure protection, thereby ensuring the overall safety of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, a pressure sensing module 21 is provided between the shut-off valve 22 and the solid hydrogen storage bottle body 101 of the present invention. The pressure sensing module 21 includes a reference constant pressure chamber 214 and a flexible isolation diaphragm 212 serving as a sealing and isolation component of the reference constant pressure chamber 214.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure sensing module 21 is airtightly connected to the valve body 1 via the pressure sensing module interface 211. Preferably, the pressure sensing module interface 211 is airtightly connected to the valve body 1 using a threaded end face. More preferably, the threaded end face adopts a metal-to-metal sealing conical surface structure, and the seal is strengthened by a high-temperature cured epoxy or fluororubber sealing ring to ensure long-term reliable use in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. The pressure sensing module interface 211 is internally provided with a pressure guiding hole for the flexible isolation diaphragm 212 and the phase space of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 101. The flexible isolation diaphragm 212 isolates the hydrogen from the pressure sensing module in the reference constant pressure chamber 214, effectively preventing electrode oxidation, cluster layer hydrogenation, or safety risks.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first side of the flexible isolation diaphragm 212 bears the gas phase pressure inside the solid hydrogen storage bottle 101 via a pressure-conducting hole, while the second side is directly exposed to the constant reference pressure environment inside the reference constant pressure chamber 214 and is attached to an atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module 21. The atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module 213 responds to the deformation of the flexible isolation diaphragm 212 caused by the pressure difference between the reference constant pressure chamber 214 and the solid hydrogen storage bottle 101, as well as the ambient temperature, and outputs a raw electrical signal that varies with pressure and temperature. The signal output terminal of the atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module 213 is connected to a gas-tight electrical interface 215 for outputting the raw electrical signal, and the gas-tight electrical interface 215 is connected to a signal processing unit. Preferably, the gas-tight electrical interface 215 adopts a ceramic-metal encapsulation structure to ensure the insulation and sealing reliability of the electrical signal during transmission in a high-pressure hydrogen environment.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module 213 includes a flexible substrate 2134, interdigitated electrodes 2133 deposited on the flexible substrate, an atomic cluster sensitive layer 2132 embedded in the gaps and / or surface of the interdigitated electrodes 2133, and two flexible insulating support layers 2131 disposed on both sides of the flexible substrate 2134. The flexible insulating support layers 2131 are used to protect the atomic cluster sensitive layer 2132 from direct exposure to the environment and from direct generation. The contact atomic cluster sensitive layer 2132 and the interdigitated electrodes 2133 form an ohmic contact, which together constitute a sensitive resistor. The sensitive resistor responds to the deformation of the flexible isolation diaphragm 212 caused by the pressure difference between the reference constant pressure chamber 214 and the solid hydrogen storage bottle 101, as well as the ambient temperature. The change in resistance value is generated by the change in the spacing between the clusters in the atomic cluster sensitive layer 2132, and a raw electrical signal that changes with pressure and temperature is output. Both sides of the flexible substrate 2134 are deposited with atomic cluster sensitive layers 2132, meaning that both sides respond to temperature changes in the same way. However, when the flexible isolation diaphragm 212 deforms, the gaps between the atomic clusters on both sides increase and decrease respectively, thus further decoupling the relationship between temperature and pressure changes and obtaining a raw electrical signal that varies with pressure and temperature. Furthermore, the valve body 1 is also provided with an electrical interface 6. The input end of the electrical interface 6 is connected to a signal processing unit, and the output end is connected to a control unit. Preferably, the electrical interface 6 also adopts a ceramic-metal encapsulation structure or a standard sealed electrical connector structure.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the atomic cluster sensitive layer 2132 is composed of atomic clusters formed by vacuum sputtering or molecular beam deposition of one or more metals selected from palladium, platinum, and copper, with the particle size in the atomic clusters being on the nanometer scale. Preferably, the interdigitated electrodes 2133 have an electrode spacing of 10-30 micrometers, and the electrode material is a gold or platinum thin film; the thickness of the atomic cluster sensitive layer 2132 is 20-200 nanometers; the flexible substrate 2134 is made of polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate; and the flexible isolation diaphragm 212 is made of a liquid metal thin film or a hydrogen-resistant polymer diaphragm. More preferably, the flexible isolation diaphragm 212 is made of perfluoroether rubber.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the control unit is integrated on or inside the valve body 1 and is integrated with the electrical interface 6. Preferably, the control unit is a 32-bit microcontroller or digital signal processor, using the STM32H743 or TMS320F280049 model, to perform pressure calculation, filtering, and margin estimation. Preferably, the control unit outputs monitoring data, including gas pressure, hydrogen flow rate, hydrogen balance, and hydrogen supply status, to the host system via the electrical interface 6 using digital communication (wired or wireless).

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the signal processing unit consists of a high-precision instrumentation amplifier, a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter, and a temperature compensation module. The high-precision instrumentation amplifier is an AD8421 model, and the analog-to-digital converter is an ADS124S08 model.

[0037] This invention provides a monitoring method for the valve of a solid hydrogen storage cylinder with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring. Specifically, the control unit is configured to run a dynamic algorithm model to calculate the hydrogen balance based on the original electrical signal, which includes the following steps: S1. Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing: The raw electrical signal is acquired in real time through the barometric pressure sensor module; the raw electrical signal is amplified and filtered to obtain an analog electrical signal; the analog electrical signal is linearized, and then the linearized signal is converted from analog to digital to obtain a digital signal; S2. Temperature Compensation and Pressure Calculation: A linear correction model is used to correct the temperature drift of the digital signal and calculate the current air pressure value. S3. Dynamic Model and Margin Calculation: S31. Based on the ideal gas law and the gas-solid equilibrium characteristics of hydrogen storage materials, establish a model relating the amount of gaseous hydrogen and pressure inside the bottle; S32. Calculate the time derivative of the current air pressure value to obtain the rate of change of air pressure; S33. Calculate the hydrogen supply flow rate by combining the relationship model and the rate of change of gas pressure; S34. Integrate the hydrogen supply flow rate over time to obtain the cumulative hydrogen supply; S35. Subtract the cumulative hydrogen supply from the initial hydrogen storage to obtain the remaining hydrogen storage; S4. State Filtering and Output: A recursive filtering algorithm is used to smooth the remaining hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen supply flow rate, and the remaining hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen supply status are output.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the linearization process of S1 involves performing a logarithmic transformation on the analog electrical signal, as follows: ,in To simulate electrical signals, It is a digital signal; In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature drift correction model for S2 is as follows: ;in, It is the zero-point constant. For temperature coefficient, For sensitivity, As the reference temperature, For real-time temperature, The calculated current air pressure value; In some embodiments of this invention, the recursive filtering algorithm of S4 is a Kalman filter or a sliding window averaging algorithm. The output hydrogen supply status includes at least the hydrogen supply flow rate. Preferably, by comparing the hydrogen supply flow rate with a preset flow rate threshold, the system's operating status flag can be determined and output. The operating status includes, but is not limited to: normal hydrogen supply, high-flow hydrogen supply, low-flow idling, and hydrogen supply interruption. When the hydrogen supply flow rate is within the preset normal flow rate range, it is determined to be in a normal hydrogen supply state. When the hydrogen supply flow rate exceeds the high flow rate threshold of the preset normal flow rate range, it is determined to be in a high-flow hydrogen supply state. When the hydrogen supply flow rate is lower than the low flow rate threshold of the preset normal flow rate range, it is determined to be in a low-flow idling state. When the hydrogen supply flow rate is continuously close to zero and the gas pressure change rate is also close to zero, it is determined to be in a hydrogen supply interruption or the shut-off valve is closed. When the hydrogen supply flow rate is negative, or when there is a significant mismatch between the gas pressure change rate and the hydrogen supply flow rate, it is determined to be in an abnormal hydrogen supply state.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the relationship model between the amount of gaseous hydrogen and pressure in S31 is as follows: ,in, This represents the volume of gaseous hydrogen gas inside the bottle. This refers to the number of moles of hydrogen in the gaseous phase. The gas constant is... The temperature of the gaseous hydrogen gas inside the bottle; In some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogen supply flow rate is calculated in step S33 as follows: ,in, for t Hydrogen supply flow rate at that time This represents the rate of change of air pressure. In some embodiments of the present invention, the cumulative hydrogen supply in S34 is calculated as follows: ,in, for t Cumulative hydrogen supply at that time; In some embodiments of the present invention, the remaining hydrogen storage capacity in step S35 is calculated as follows: ,in, The remaining hydrogen storage at time t This represents the initial hydrogen storage capacity.

[0040] In summary, this invention provides a highly integrated and intelligent bottle valve solution. Firstly, by integrating a pressure sensing module based on the quantum tunneling effect of atomic clusters within the valve body, high sensitivity and precision in sensing the pressure inside the bottle are achieved. Secondly, through a control unit and a dynamic algorithm model, the pressure signal is converted into intuitive information on hydrogen reserve and supply status, achieving a leap from perception to decision-making. This solution combines intrinsic safety, temperature self-compensation, and modular integration, providing a crucial intelligent monitoring and management terminal for solid-state hydrogen storage energy systems.

[0041] The solid hydrogen storage cylinder, temperature and pressure release device, filter, signal processing unit, control unit, pressure rupture disc, fusible alloy, and pressure reducing valve used in this invention are all existing known electrical devices, and all can be purchased and used directly on the market. Their structure, circuit, and control principle are all existing known technologies. Therefore, the structure, circuit, and control principle of the above components will not be described in detail here.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, nor are they intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. That is to say, any changes or refinements made to the main design concept and spirit of the present invention that are not of substantial significance, but whose technical problems are still consistent with the present invention, should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of the present invention to other related technical fields are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid hydrogen storage cylinder valve integrating hydrogen balance monitoring, comprising a valve body (1) disposed at the mouth of a solid hydrogen storage cylinder (101), a shut-off valve (22) and a pressure reducing valve assembly disposed on the main gas channel inside the valve body (1), and a quick-connect hydrogen supply port (2) disposed outside the valve body (1) and connected to the main gas channel, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure sensing module (21) located inside the valve body (1) and connected to the main gas channel for converting the gas phase pressure in the phase space of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder (101) into an electrical signal, a signal processing unit connected to the pressure sensing module (21) for processing the electrical signal, and a control unit connected to the signal processing unit. The control unit is used to solve the processed signal into the current pressure value and calculate the remaining hydrogen storage capacity based on the current pressure value and the gas-solid balance characteristics of the hydrogen storage material (102) filled inside the solid hydrogen storage cylinder.

2. The solid hydrogen storage bottle neck valve with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensing module (21) includes a reference constant pressure chamber (214) and a flexible isolation diaphragm (212) that serves as a sealing and isolation component for the reference constant pressure chamber (214). The pressure sensing module (21) is airtightly connected to the valve body (1) through the pressure sensing module interface (211); the pressure sensing module interface (211) is provided with a pressure guiding hole for connecting the flexible isolation diaphragm (212) and the phase space of the solid hydrogen storage bottle (101); The first side of the flexible isolation diaphragm (212) receives the gas phase pressure in the solid hydrogen storage bottle (101) through the pressure guiding hole, and the second side is directly exposed to the constant reference pressure environment in the reference constant pressure chamber (214) and is attached with the atomic cluster flexible pressure sensing module (21). The flexible pressure sensing module (213) of atomic clusters responds to the deformation of the flexible isolation diaphragm (212) caused by the pressure difference between the reference constant pressure chamber (214) and the solid hydrogen storage bottle (101) and the ambient temperature, and outputs a raw electrical signal that varies with pressure and temperature; the signal output terminal of the flexible pressure sensing module (213) of atomic clusters is connected to an airtight electrical interface (215) for outputting the raw electrical signal, and the airtight electrical interface (215) is connected to the signal processing unit.

3. The solid hydrogen storage bottle neck valve with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible pressure sensing module (213) of atomic clusters includes a flexible substrate (2134), interdigitated electrodes (2133) deposited on the flexible substrate, an atomic cluster sensitive layer (2132) embedded in the gaps and / or surface of the interdigitated electrodes (2133), and two flexible insulating support layers (2131) disposed on both sides of the flexible substrate (2134). The atomic cluster sensitive layer (2132) and the interdigitated electrodes (2133) form an ohmic contact and together constitute a sensitive resistor. The sensitive resistor responds to the deformation of the flexible isolation diaphragm (212) caused by the pressure difference between the reference constant pressure chamber (214) and the solid hydrogen storage bottle (101) and the ambient temperature. The resistance value changes through the change of the spacing between the clusters in the atomic cluster sensitive layer (2132) and outputs a raw electrical signal that changes with pressure and temperature.

4. The solid hydrogen storage bottle neck valve with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The atomic cluster sensitive layer (2132) is composed of atomic clusters formed by vacuum sputtering or molecular beam deposition of one or more metals, such as palladium, platinum, and copper.

5. The solid hydrogen storage bottle neck valve with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that, The interdigitated electrode (2133) has an electrode spacing of 10-30 micrometers and is made of silver or platinum thin film; the atomic cluster sensitive layer (2132) has a thickness of 20-200 nanometers; the flexible substrate (2134) is made of polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate; the flexible isolation membrane (212) is made of liquid metal thin film or hydrogen-resistant polymer membrane.

6. The solid hydrogen storage bottle neck valve with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, The signal processing unit and the barometric pressure sensing module (21) are integrated into a single package design; The valve body (1) is provided with an electrical interface (6). The input end of the electrical interface (6) is connected to the signal processing unit, and the output end is connected to the control unit. Both the electrical interface (6) and the hermetically sealed electrical interface (215) adopt a ceramic-metal encapsulation structure; The valve body (1) is also provided with a quick-connect hydrogen / activation port (3), which is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage bottle (101) through an activation channel. A one-way valve (31) is provided on the activation channel. The valve body (1) is also provided with a vent (4), which is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder (101) through an exhaust branch; The valve body (1) is also provided with a safety component, which includes a temperature and pressure release device (5). The temperature and pressure release device (5) is connected to the interior of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder (101) through a safety relief channel. The temperature and pressure release device (5) integrates a pressure rupture disc (41) and a fusible alloy (51). The pressure rupture disc (41) is located on the exhaust branch, and the fusible alloy (51) is located on the safety relief channel. The pressure reducing valve assembly includes a primary pressure reducing valve (23) and a secondary pressure reducing valve (24) connected in series.

7. The solid hydrogen storage bottle neck valve with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit is integrated on or inside the valve body (1) and is integrated with the electrical interface (6).

8. A monitoring method for a solid hydrogen storage cylinder valve integrating hydrogen balance monitoring according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing: Raw electrical signals are acquired in real time through the barometric pressure sensor module; The original electrical signal is amplified and filtered to obtain an analog electrical signal; the analog electrical signal is linearized, and then the linearized signal is converted from analog to digital to obtain a digital signal. S2. Temperature Compensation and Pressure Calculation: A linear correction model is used to correct the temperature drift of the digital signal and calculate the current air pressure value. S3. Dynamic Model and Margin Calculation: S31. Based on the ideal gas law and the gas-solid equilibrium characteristics of hydrogen storage materials, establish a model relating the amount of gaseous hydrogen and pressure inside the bottle; S32. Calculate the time derivative of the current air pressure value to obtain the rate of change of air pressure; S33. Calculate the hydrogen supply flow rate by combining the relationship model and the rate of change of gas pressure; S34. Integrate the hydrogen supply flow rate over time to obtain the cumulative hydrogen supply; S35. Subtract the cumulative hydrogen supply from the initial hydrogen storage to obtain the remaining hydrogen storage; S4. State Filtering and Output: A recursive filtering algorithm is used to smooth the remaining hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen supply flow rate, and the remaining hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen supply status are output.

9. The monitoring method for the valve at the mouth of a solid hydrogen storage cylinder with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S1, linearization involves performing a logarithmic transformation on the analog electrical signal, as follows: ,in To simulate electrical signals, It is a digital signal; In S2, the temperature drift correction model is as follows: ;in, It is the zero-point constant. For temperature coefficient, For sensitivity, As the reference temperature, For real-time temperature, The calculated current air pressure value; In S4, the recursive filtering algorithm is either Kalman filtering or sliding window averaging; the hydrogen supply status includes at least the hydrogen supply flow rate; By comparing the hydrogen supply flow rate with a preset flow rate threshold, the system's operating status can be determined and output. The operating status includes: normal hydrogen supply, high flow rate hydrogen supply, low flow rate idling, hydrogen supply interruption, and abnormal hydrogen supply.

10. The monitoring method for the valve at the mouth of a solid hydrogen storage bottle with integrated hydrogen balance monitoring according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S31, the relationship between the amount of gaseous hydrogen and pressure is as follows: ,in, This represents the volume of gaseous hydrogen gas inside the bottle. This refers to the number of moles of hydrogen in the gaseous phase. The gas constant is... The temperature of the gaseous hydrogen gas inside the bottle; In S33, the hydrogen supply flow rate is calculated as follows: ,in, for t Hydrogen supply flow rate at that time This represents the rate of change of air pressure. In S34, the cumulative hydrogen supply is calculated as follows: ,in, for t Cumulative hydrogen supply at that time; In S35, the remaining hydrogen storage capacity is calculated as follows: ,in, The remaining hydrogen storage at time t This represents the initial hydrogen storage capacity.

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