Vacuum force self-balancing condenser and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gas-steam combined cycle, and particularly discloses a vacuum force self-balancing condenser and a control method. The condenser comprises a condenser shell and a self-balancing component composed of a plurality of sets of limiting supports, a plurality of sets of sliding supports and a plurality of sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports. And the self-balancing component is arranged on the condenser shell so as to ensure the balance of the condenser in vacuum force. By adopting the rigid-elastic integrated support, when the rigid-elastic integrated support is installed, the preload is increased, and the overturning torque is generated; during operation, vacuum force acts on the condenser to generate dumping moment, the vacuum force is balanced by the limiting support, and the dumping moment is borne by the rigid-elastic integrated support; therefore, vacuum force and dumping moment generated by the vacuum force can be borne, and safe operation of the condenser is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combined cycle gas and steam technology, specifically to a vacuum-force self-balancing condenser and a control method based on the condenser. Background Technology

[0002] For axial (lateral) exhaust gas-steam combined cycle units, there is a situation where there is a balancing vacuum force between the turbine and the condenser.

[0003] Taking a surface condenser as an example, this type of condenser contains many copper tubes filled with circulating cooling water. When the exhaust steam from the turbine comes into contact with the outer surface of the copper tubes, the steam releases its latent heat of vaporization and condenses into water due to the cooling effect of the water flow inside the tubes. During this process, the released latent heat is continuously transferred to the circulating cooling water through the tube walls and carried away. In this way, the exhaust steam can be continuously condensed in the condenser. As the exhaust steam cools, its specific volume decreases sharply, thus creating a higher vacuum inside the condenser below the turbine exhaust port.

[0004] During the condenser startup phase, vacuum formation primarily relies on the main and auxiliary ejectors, which work together to extract a large amount of air from the turbine and condenser. Once normal operation begins, maintaining the condenser vacuum mainly depends on the condensation of turbine exhaust steam within the condenser. When steam abruptly condenses into water in the condenser, its specific volume decreases dramatically, creating a high vacuum. For example, at an absolute pressure of 4 kPa, the volume of steam is 30,000 times that of water. This significant volume reduction after exhaust steam condenses provides the conditions for the formation of a condenser vacuum.

[0005] In the prior art, CN 215524238 U discloses a support for an axial exhaust condenser, with sliding support groups symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the condenser; CN 211178018 U discloses a design structure for a rigidly connected axial exhaust condenser, with sliding supports at the bottom of the shell and lug-type support sliding components around the perimeter; CN 107091578 A discloses a large rectangular condenser with axial steam inlet, focusing on the specific structure of the large axial rectangular condenser. In the prior art descriptions of axial (side) exhaust condensers, there are no literature reports on the use of limiting supports, sliding supports, or rigid-elastic integrated supports to achieve self-balancing of the vacuum force. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical objective of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a condenser with self-balancing vacuum force, as well as a control method based on the condenser, to solve the technical problem of condenser vacuum force balance.

[0007] The technical objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a vacuum force self-balancing condenser, the condenser comprising a condenser shell and a self-balancing component; The self-balancing component is installed on the condenser shell to ensure the condenser is balanced under vacuum.

[0008] Furthermore, the condenser also includes a condenser throat arranged at one end of the condenser shell, condenser water chambers arranged on both sides of the condenser shell, circulating water connecting pipes connected to the condenser water chambers, and expansion joints connected to the condenser throat. The self-balancing components are arranged corresponding to the positions of the condenser shell and the condenser throat.

[0009] Furthermore, the self-balancing component includes multiple sets of limiting supports, multiple sets of sliding supports, and multiple sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports; These limiting supports, sliding supports, and rigid-elastic integrated supports have a defined arrangement and positional relationship with the condenser shell and condenser throat. This defined arrangement and positional relationship ensures the self-balance of the condenser under vacuum.

[0010] Furthermore, these limiting supports, sliding supports, and rigid-elastic integrated supports are distributed and connected to the bottom of the condenser shell and the condenser throat.

[0011] Furthermore, there are seven sets of limiting supports, ten sets of sliding supports, and four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports arranged at the bottom of the condenser shell and the condenser throat. The seven sets of limiting supports are arranged in a cross shape at the bottom of the condenser shell, with four sets in the longitudinal direction and three sets in the transverse direction. One set is arranged in the middle of the area where the rigid-elastic integrated support is located, and the other six sets are arranged in the area where the sliding support is located. The ten sets of sliding supports are arranged in four rows, with three sets in the first and last rows and two sets in the middle two rows, all in the same direction. The four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports are divided into two rows, with two sets in each row, and they are arranged in the same direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the ten sets of sliding supports are arranged at the bottom of the condenser shell; Four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports are arranged at the bottom of the condenser throat; The six sets of limiting supports are arranged at the bottom of the condenser shell, and one set of limiting supports is arranged at the bottom of the condenser throat.

[0013] Furthermore, the condenser is an axial exhaust condenser. Alternatively, the condenser is a lateral exhaust condenser.

[0014] A control method for condenser vacuum force self-balancing, the control method being based on the aforementioned condenser structure for vacuum force self-balancing; The control method includes: During installation, a preload is added to the rigid-elastic integrated support to generate a turning moment in the condenser; During operation, the vacuum force acts on the condenser, generating a tilting moment. The vacuum force is balanced by the limiting support, and the tilting moment is borne by the rigid-elastic integrated support, ensuring the self-balancing of the vacuum force of the condenser.

[0015] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows: During installation, the preload is increased by the rigid-elastic integrated support, generating a tilting moment. During operation, the vacuum force acts on the condenser, generating a tilting moment. The vacuum force is balanced by the limiting support, and the tilting moment is borne by the rigid-elastic integrated support. Thus, the condenser can withstand the vacuum force and the tilting moment generated by it, ensuring the safe operation of the condenser. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the condenser of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a self-balancing component of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the condenser structure at one end of the condenser shell of the present invention (i.e., Figure 1 (Vertical view at the left end) Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the end face structure of the condenser of the present invention at the axial centerline (i.e.) Figure 1 End view at the axis.

[0019] The symbols in the diagram mean: 1—Condenser shell; 2—Condenser throat; 3—Condenser water chamber; 4—Limiting support; 5—Sliding support; 6—Rigid-elastic integrated support; 7—Expansion joint; 8—Circulating water connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] This invention relates to the field of combined cycle gas turbine (GC) technology, specifically to a vacuum-force self-balancing condenser and a control method based on this condenser structure. The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates this method. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and thoroughly explained.

[0021] To ensure the safe operation of the condenser, this invention requires a self-balancing setting for the vacuum force of the condenser, which is especially important for condensers with axial (lateral) exhaust.

[0022] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the condenser of the present invention includes a condenser shell 1, a condenser throat 2 sealed to one end of the condenser shell 1, an expansion joint 7 connected to the end of the condenser throat 2, condenser water chambers 3 connected to both sides of the condenser shell 1, and circulating water connecting pipes 8 connected to the condenser water chambers 3. A self-balancing component is also provided on the aforementioned basic structure of the condenser to ensure that the condenser is balanced under vacuum.

[0023] Specifically, the self-balancing components include seven sets of limiting supports 4, ten sets of sliding supports 5, and four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports 6.

[0024] Each set of limiting supports 4 mainly consists of a support base plate welded to a predetermined reinforced position at the bottom of the condenser, a sliding base plate connected to the support base plate by bolts, a lateral limiting baffle vertically welded to the foundation embedded parts, and a top pressure plate welded to the foundation embedded parts and located above the sliding base plate. The foundation embedded parts are pre-embedded in the concrete foundation, providing a flat and robust mounting surface for the entire support. The lateral limiting baffle and top pressure plate are fixed to the foundation embedded parts by anchor bolts, typically using secondary grouting for fixation to ensure they can withstand lateral impact forces. The lower surface of the sliding base plate is equipped with a stainless steel plate, which forms a low-friction pair with the PTFE plate on the foundation embedded plate, allowing sliding in a single direction.

[0025] Each set of sliding supports 5 mainly consists of an upper connecting part connected to the condenser, a lower fixing part connected to the foundation, and a sliding pair in the middle. The upper connecting part has a support pad directly welded to the pre-set reinforcing structure at the bottom of the condenser. The lower fixing part has a foundation platform embedded in concrete, and lateral limiting blocks on both sides of the foundation platform. The sliding pair typically adopts a two-layer plate combination structure. The upper sliding plate is usually made of modified polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sliding plate, usually fixed to a stainless steel transition plate by countersunk screws or adhesive, or directly made into a composite plate and connected to the upper connecting part; the lower sliding plate is usually made of mirror-polished stainless steel plate, usually fixed to the foundation platform by welding or anchoring, forming a flat, smooth, and durable sliding track; and also has a metal cover covering the entire sliding pair to prevent tools, welding slag, dust, rainwater, corrosive media, etc., from falling during maintenance from entering the sliding interface.

[0026] Each set of rigid-elastic integrated supports 6 mainly consists of a top connecting plate connected to a corresponding position at the bottom of the condenser, a bottom foundation connecting plate anchored in the concrete foundation by anchor bolts, and an elastic body arranged between the top connecting plate and the foundation connecting plate. The elastic body is typically a structure made of thin steel plates and rubber sheets bonded together by high-temperature and high-pressure vulcanization. The steel plate provides vertical stiffness and load-bearing capacity, while the rubber layer provides elastic shear deformation capacity in all directions. Alternatively, it can be composed of multiple disc springs stacked in series and parallel combinations, primarily providing vertical rigidity and elasticity.

[0027] The specific molding structures of each limiting support 4, sliding support 5, and rigid-elastic integrated support 6 are conventional structures and are not part of the technical contribution of this invention.

[0028] The aforementioned seven sets of limiting supports 4, ten sets of sliding supports 5, and four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports 6 have a definite arrangement relationship with the condenser shell 1 and the condenser throat 2. This definite arrangement relationship ensures the self-balance of the condenser under vacuum.

[0029] More specifically, seven sets of limiting supports 4 are distributed in an approximately cross-shaped structure at the bottom of the condenser shell 1. Four sets are arranged longitudinally (i.e., the width direction of the condenser water chambers 3 on both sides) and three sets are arranged laterally (i.e., the extension direction corresponding to the condenser throat). One set is located in the middle of the area where the rigid-elastic integrated support 6 is located, and the remaining six sets are arranged in the area where the sliding supports 5 are located, interspersed within the arrangement area of ​​the sliding supports 5. Furthermore, the sliding direction of the four sets of limiting supports 4 arranged longitudinally is consistent – ​​corresponding to the longitudinal direction shown in the figure, and the sliding direction of the three sets of limiting supports 4 arranged laterally is consistent – ​​corresponding to the lateral direction shown in the figure.

[0030] The ten sets of sliding supports 5 are arranged in four rows in the direction shown in the figure (i.e., the width direction of the location of the condenser water chambers 3 on both sides). The first row on the top and the last row on the bottom each have three sets, and the two middle rows each have two sets. These sliding supports 5 are arranged in the same direction - longitudinally as shown in the figure. The six sets of limiting supports 4 scattered in the sliding supports 5 are arranged as follows: two sets arranged laterally are located between the upper and lower rows of the sliding supports 5 and in the middle area; the four sets arranged longitudinally are located in the area between the right column and the middle column of the sliding supports 5 shown in the figure, in the area where the condenser shell 1 is located, but close to the condenser throat 2.

[0031] The arrangement of the four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports 6 is independent of the arrangement of the ten sets of sliding supports 5. The four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports 6 are divided into two rows, with two sets in each row, and they are set in the same direction.

[0032] Thus, the aforementioned ten sets of sliding supports 5 and six sets of limiting supports 4 are arranged at the bottom of the condenser shell 1 and are directly connected to the bottom of the condenser shell 1 (including welding or bolting). The four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports 6 and one set of limiting supports 4 are arranged at the bottom of the condenser throat 2 and are directly connected to the bottom of the condenser throat 2 (including welding or bolting).

[0033] The control methods for the above-mentioned vacuum force self-balancing condenser structure include: During installation, a preload is added to the rigid-elastic integrated support 6 to generate a turning moment in the condenser; During operation, the vacuum force acts on the condenser, generating a tilting moment. The vacuum force is balanced by the limiting support 4, and the tilting moment is borne by the rigid-elastic integrated support 6, ensuring the self-balancing of the vacuum force of the condenser.

[0034] The above specific technical solutions are only used to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit it.

[0035] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific technical solutions described above, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific technical solutions described above, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum-force self-balancing condenser, characterized in that: The condenser includes a condenser shell (1) and a self-balancing component; The self-balancing component is installed on the condenser shell (1) to ensure the balance of the condenser under vacuum force.

2. The vacuum force self-balancing condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser also includes a condenser throat (2) arranged at one end of the condenser shell (1), condenser water chambers (3) arranged on both sides of the condenser shell (1), circulating water connecting pipes (8) connected to the condenser water chambers (3), and expansion joints (7) connected to the condenser throat (2). The self-balancing components are arranged in positions corresponding to the condenser shell (1) and the condenser throat (2).

3. The vacuum force self-balancing condenser according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The self-balancing component includes multiple sets of limiting supports (4), multiple sets of sliding supports (5), and multiple sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports (6). These limiting supports (4), sliding supports (5), rigid-elastic integrated supports (6) have a definite arrangement relationship with the condenser shell (1) and the condenser throat (2), and this definite arrangement relationship ensures the self-balance of the condenser under vacuum.

4. The vacuum force self-balancing condenser according to claim 3, characterized in that: These limiting supports (4), sliding supports (5), and rigid-elastic integrated supports (6) are distributed and connected to the bottom of the condenser shell (1) and the condenser throat (2).

5. The vacuum force self-balancing condenser according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting supports (4) arranged at the bottom of the condenser shell (1) and the condenser throat (2) are in seven groups, the sliding supports (5) are in ten groups, and the rigid-elastic integrated supports (6) are in four groups. The seven sets of limiting supports (4) are arranged in a cross shape at the bottom of the condenser shell (1), with four sets in the longitudinal direction and three sets in the transverse direction. One set is arranged in the middle of the area where the rigid-elastic integrated support (6) is located, and the other six sets are arranged in the area where the sliding support (5) is located. The ten sets of sliding supports (5) are arranged in four rows, with three sets in the first and last rows and two sets in the middle two rows, and they are set in the same direction. The four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports (6) are divided into two rows, each row consisting of two sets, and are arranged in the same direction.

6. The vacuum force self-balancing condenser according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ten sets of sliding supports (5) are arranged at the bottom of the condenser shell (1); Four sets of rigid-elastic integrated supports (6) are arranged at the bottom of the condenser throat (2); The six sets of limiting supports (4) are arranged at the bottom of the condenser shell (1), and one set of limiting supports (4) is arranged at the bottom of the condenser throat (2).

7. The vacuum force self-balancing condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser is an axial exhaust condenser.

8. The vacuum force self-balancing condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser is a side-exhaust condenser.

9. A method for controlling the self-balancing of condenser vacuum force, characterized in that: The control method is based on the vacuum force self-balancing condenser structure described in claims 1 to 8; The control method includes: During installation, a preload is added to the rigid-elastic integrated support (6) to generate a turning torque in the condenser; During operation, the vacuum force acts on the condenser, generating a tilting moment. The vacuum force is balanced by the limiting support (4), and the tilting moment is borne by the rigid-elastic integrated support (6), thus ensuring the self-balancing of the vacuum force of the condenser.

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