Worm and gear center distance fluctuation detection device

Abstract

The invention discloses a worm gear and worm center distance fluctuation detection device, relates to the technical field of worm detection devices, and aims to solve the problems that when center distance detection is unqualified, adjustment can be guided by observing meshing marks, certain experience is needed for accurate reading of the marks, the judgment result is subjective, and the efficiency is low. The center distance fluctuation detection device comprises a center distance fluctuation detection device body, a detection table is arranged in the middle of the center distance fluctuation detection device body, a worm gear clamping mechanism is installed above the detection table, a touch detection mechanism is installed on the front side of the worm gear clamping mechanism, and an upper worm gear clamping seat is arranged above the front end of the worm gear clamping mechanism; the upper worm wheel clamping seat comprises a second linear guide rail, a fixing frame, a first electric telescopic cylinder, an upper worm wheel clamping seat fixing rod, a chuck, a chuck clamping jaw, a sensor mounting frame, an upper worm wheel clamping seat, an infrared temperature sensor, a laser displacement sensor, an ultrasonic twin-crystal probe and an acoustic sensor box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of worm gear detection device technology, and in particular to a worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device. Background Technology

[0002] A worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device is a specialized piece of equipment used during the assembly or production of worm gears to continuously check and measure the stability of the center distance between them and the magnitude of its change during rotation. Its core task is to identify minute, invisible center distance variations, thereby ensuring that each pair of worm gears meets the basic requirements of smooth transmission, low noise, and long service life. A worm gear is a pair of specially shaped gears, commonly used in applications requiring large reduction ratios and self-locking functions, such as some lifting mechanisms or precision rotary tables. Their center distance refers to the shortest perpendicular straight line distance between the worm shaft axis and the worm wheel axis. This distance is a precisely calculated optimal value, neither too large nor too small. If this distance is unstable during manufacturing or assembly, or if it wobbles back and forth during actual rotation, it will lead to a series of problems, such as the worm gear and worm teeth meshing too tightly or too loosely. If the meshing is too tight, rotation becomes extremely difficult, wear accelerates rapidly, and the product may become unusable in a short time. If the meshing is too loose, noticeable shaking and impact will occur, resulting in unstable transmission, reduced precision, and unpleasant noise. Therefore, conducting 100% inspection of the center distance and its fluctuations before shipment or on the assembly line is a crucial step in ensuring product quality.

[0003] Structurally, the worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device mainly includes a fixed base, a probe, a signal converter, a display screen, and a drive component. The fixed base securely holds the worm gear and worm under test, ensuring their positions do not shift during testing. Insufficient base stability or loose fixing of the worm gear and worm will lead to distorted test results, making it impossible to accurately determine whether the center distance change is caused by normal fluctuations. The probe, made of metal or special plastic, must fit snugly against the surface of the worm gear or worm, especially the tooth area. This is because changes in center distance during worm gear and worm operation will alter the distance between the probe and the part's surface, allowing the probe to directly sense these changes. The signal converter processes the signal transmitted by the probe: the distance change sensed by the probe is converted into a weak electrical signal, which cannot be directly observed. The signal converter converts this weak electrical signal into a processable digital signal. The drive component drives the worm gear and worm to rotate at a set speed, adjustable according to actual working conditions. This ensures that the operating state during testing matches the actual working state of the worm gear and worm in the mechanical equipment, enhancing the reference value of the test results.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN211291284U discloses a worm gear center distance detection device. It includes a base, characterized by a slider on the base, an operating handle above the slider, a center distance detection post at the front end of the slider, the slider passing through a square hole above the base, a limiting rod on the slider with a return spring, and a worm gear mounting hole positioning post, a workpiece reference hole positioning post, and a workpiece reference hole platform reference surface located below the base. This invention can meet the needs of workpiece inspection in production sites and features convenient operation and high efficiency.

[0005] The existing technical solutions mentioned above have the following drawbacks: small deviations in the center distance will be directly and obviously reflected in the position and shape of the meshing imprint. By analyzing the imprint, the change in center distance can be judged. When the center distance test is unqualified, the adjustment can be guided by observing the meshing imprint. However, accurate interpretation of the imprint requires certain experience, and the judgment result is subjective and inefficient. Therefore, we propose a worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that when the center distance detection is unqualified, adjustment can be guided by observing the meshing imprint, but the accurate interpretation of the imprint requires certain experience, and the judgment result is subjective and inefficient.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device, comprising a center distance fluctuation detection device body, a detection platform disposed at the middle position of the center distance fluctuation detection device body, a worm gear clamping mechanism mounted above the detection platform, a worm clamping mechanism disposed inside the worm gear clamping mechanism below the worm gear clamping mechanism, a tactile detection mechanism mounted on the front side of the worm gear clamping mechanism, an upper worm gear clamping seat disposed above the front end of the worm gear clamping mechanism, a lower worm gear clamping seat disposed below the front end of the worm gear clamping mechanism, the upper worm gear clamping seat comprising a second linear guide rail, a fixing frame, a first electric telescopic cylinder, an upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod, a chuck, chuck jaws, a sensor mounting bracket, an upper worm gear clamping seat, an infrared temperature sensor, a laser displacement sensor, an ultrasonic dual-crystal probe, and an acoustic sensor box, and a flexible tactile detection sleeve disposed below the upper end of the tactile detection mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, a host computer is installed on one side of the upper end of the center distance fluctuation detection device body, and a display panel is installed on the other side of the upper end of the center distance fluctuation detection device body. A third linear guide is installed below the lower worm gear clamping seat, and the third linear guide is connected to the lower worm gear clamping seat in a transmission connection.

[0009] Preferably, the worm gear clamping mechanism includes a first worm gear clamping seat, a second worm gear clamping seat, and a first linear guide rail. The first worm gear clamping seat is located on one side of the second worm gear clamping seat. The first linear guide rail is provided below both the first worm gear clamping seat and the second worm gear clamping seat. The first linear guide rail is drivingly connected to the first worm gear clamping seat and the second worm gear clamping seat, respectively. A worm is installed between the first worm gear clamping seat and the second worm gear clamping seat.

[0010] Preferably, a lifting screw seat is installed at the rear end of the worm gear clamping mechanism, a lifting screw is installed at the front side of the lifting screw seat, an upper worm gear clamping mounting seat is drivenly installed at the front side of the lifting screw, a second linear guide rail is installed below the upper worm gear clamping mounting seat, and the second linear guide rail is drivenly connected to the lower upper worm gear clamping seat.

[0011] Preferably, a roller is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the lifting screw seat, a weight block is mounted below the testing platform, a wire rope is installed between the weight block and the upper worm gear clamping mounting seat, and the wire rope is rotatably connected to the roller.

[0012] Preferably, a fixing frame is provided at the upper end of the upper worm gear clamping seat, and an upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod is fixedly installed below the center position of the fixing frame. A first electric telescopic cylinder is fixedly installed below the fixing frame, and a chuck is fixedly installed below the first electric telescopic cylinder. An upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod groove is opened at the center position of the chuck. The upper end of the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod passes through the interior of the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod groove, and an upper worm gear clamping seat is fixedly installed below the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod.

[0013] Preferably, the lower end of the chuck has four chuck jaw grooves in an annular shape, and chuck jaws are slidably installed inside the chuck jaw grooves. Sensor mounting brackets are installed below the chuck jaws, and the infrared temperature sensor, laser displacement sensor, ultrasonic dual-crystal probe and acoustic sensor box are respectively installed below the multiple sensor mounting brackets.

[0014] Preferably, the tactile detection mechanism includes a tactile detection mechanism mounting frame, a vacuum pump, a fourth linear guide rail, an air suction pipe, a flexible tactile detection sleeve, a sealing cover, a sealing cover mounting bracket, a sealing cover drive motor, a second electric telescopic cylinder, a detection area, and a flexible connecting sleeve. A fifth linear guide rail and a sixth linear guide rail are installed below the tactile detection mechanism. The fifth linear guide rail is located below the sixth linear guide rail and is fixedly connected to the detection platform. The sixth linear guide rail is driven and installed above the fifth linear guide rail. The tactile detection mechanism mounting frame is driven and installed above the sixth linear guide rail.

[0015] Preferably, a vacuum pump is installed on one side of the tactile detection mechanism mounting bracket, and a fourth linear guide rail is installed on the other side of the tactile detection mechanism mounting bracket. A flexible tactile detection sleeve and a sealing cover are installed on one side of the fourth linear guide rail. The flexible tactile detection sleeve is located below the sealing cover and is drivenly connected to the fourth linear guide rail. A second electric telescopic cylinder is fixedly installed on one side of the fourth linear guide rail, and a sealing cover mounting bracket is fixedly installed below the second electric telescopic cylinder. The sealing cover mounting bracket is rotatably connected to the sealing cover, the sealing cover is drivenly connected to the sealing cover drive motor, and the sealing cover is sealedly connected to the sealing cover mounting bracket.

[0016] Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the flexible tactile detection sleeve are respectively provided with detection areas, and a flexible connecting sleeve is provided between the detection areas. Worm gear sealing sleeves are respectively provided at the middle position of the lower end of the flexible tactile detection sleeve and at the middle position of the sealing cover. A rubber pad is provided on the inner side of the detection area, and a polyimide layer is provided on the outer side of the detection area. A flexible thin film pressure sensor is provided between the rubber pad and the polyimide layer.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention achieves multi-dimensional collaborative detection, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of center distance fluctuation detection. The device integrates an infrared temperature sensor, a laser displacement sensor, an ultrasonic dual-crystal probe, and an acoustic sensor box on the chuck of the upper worm gear clamping seat. It can simultaneously collect detection data from multiple dimensions, including meshing sound, shaft center position, ambient temperature, and shaft end face distance. Through the collaborative work of multiple sensors, it comprehensively captures feature information related to center distance fluctuation, reducing the potential for missed or false detections from single detection dimensions, further improving the accuracy of the device in detecting center distance fluctuation. It enhances environmental adaptability and expands the device's application scenarios. The ultrasonic dual-crystal probe solution used in the device can operate normally in complex environments such as oil stains, water mist, and dim lighting without affecting measurement performance. It does not rely on a clean, well-lit specific detection environment, and can adapt to diverse and complex working conditions in factory production processes, breaking environmental limitations on detection and significantly improving the device's practicality and applicable scope. It greatly improves detection efficiency and adapts to the needs of high-speed production. By optimizing the testing process and structural design, the device shortens the time for a single test and the time for switching specifications. It can complete a single test without long waiting times, and when switching to test different specifications of worm gears, it can be quickly adapted without complicated adjustments, reducing equipment downtime. It can meet the testing needs of high-speed production lines and improve the testing throughput and production adaptability of the device.

[0018] 2. This invention enables quantitative detection of contact pressure distribution, improving the objectivity of center distance evaluation. The device, through a flexible tactile detection sleeve and a flexible thin-film pressure sensor in its tactile detection mechanism, can directly and quantitatively measure the contact pressure distribution on the worm gear tooth surface in three-dimensional space. It can extract key features such as contact area, centroid position, and pressure uniformity, converting them into quantifiable digital indicators. This avoids reliance on personal experience in quality assessment, making the evaluation of center distance more objective and accurate, and enhancing the objectivity and scientific rigor of the device's assessment of detection results.

[0019] 3. This invention can simulate load conditions for testing, ensuring that the testing closely matches actual usage conditions. The device can apply loads step by step and collect acoustic signals under different load conditions. By analyzing the acoustic signature characteristics under load conditions, the center distance fluctuation can be calculated, simulating the load working state of worm gears in actual mechanical equipment. This avoids the result deviation caused by testing only under no-load conditions, ensuring the reliability of the device under actual working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper worm gear clamping seat in this invention; Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the chuck in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tactile detection mechanism in this invention; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the flexible tactile detection sleeve in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Center distance fluctuation detection device body; 2. Detection table; 3. Host computer; 4. Display panel; 5. Worm gear clamping mechanism; 6. Worm wheel clamping mechanism; 7. Weight block; 8. Worm; 9. Worm wheel; 10. Tactile detection mechanism; 11. First worm gear clamping seat; 12. Second worm gear clamping seat; 13. First linear guide rail; 14. Lifting screw seat; 15. Roller; 16. Steel wire rope; 17. Lifting screw; 18. Upper worm wheel clamping mounting seat; 19. Second linear guide rail; 20. Third linear guide rail; 21. Lower worm wheel clamping seat; 22. Fixing frame; 23. First electric telescopic cylinder; 24. Upper worm wheel clamping seat fixing rod; 25. Chuck; 26. Chuck jaws; 27. Sensor mounting frame; 28. Upper worm wheel... 29. Wheel clamping seat; 30. Infrared temperature sensor; 31. Laser displacement sensor; 32. Chuck jaw groove; 33. Upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod groove; 34. Ultrasonic dual crystal probe; 35. Acoustic sensor box; 36. Tactile detection mechanism fixing frame; 37. Vacuum pump; 38. Fourth linear guide rail; 39. Suction pipe; 40. Flexible tactile detection sleeve; 41. Sealing cover; 42. Sealing cover mounting bracket; 43. Sealing cover drive motor; 44. Second electric telescopic cylinder; 45. Detection area; 46. Flexible connecting sleeve; 47. Rubber pad; 48. Flexible thin film pressure sensor; 49. Polyimide layer; 50. Worm gear rod sealing sleeve; 51. Upper worm gear clamping seat; 52. Fifth linear guide rail; 53. Sixth linear guide rail. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0023] Please see Figure 1-6 An embodiment of the present invention provides a worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device, comprising a center distance fluctuation detection device body 1, a detection platform 2 disposed at the middle position of the center distance fluctuation detection device body 1, a worm gear clamping mechanism 6 mounted above the detection platform 2, a worm clamping mechanism 5 disposed inside the worm gear clamping mechanism 6 below the worm gear clamping mechanism 6, a tactile detection mechanism 10 disposed on the front side of the worm gear clamping mechanism 6, an upper worm gear clamping seat 50 disposed above the front end of the worm gear clamping mechanism 6, and a lower worm gear clamping seat 21 disposed below the front end of the worm gear clamping mechanism 6. The upper worm gear clamping seat 50 includes a second linear guide rail 19, a fixing frame 22, a first electric telescopic cylinder 23, an upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod 24, a chuck 25, a chuck jaw 26, a sensor mounting bracket 27, an upper worm gear clamping seat 28, an infrared temperature sensor 29, a laser displacement sensor 30, an ultrasonic dual crystal probe 33, and an acoustic sensor box 34. A flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 is disposed below the upper end of the tactile detection mechanism 10.

[0024] This structural layout uses the worm gear clamping mechanism 6 and the worm clamping mechanism 5 to specifically clamp the worm gear and worm, respectively. Combined with the corresponding clamping of the upper worm gear clamping seat 50 and the lower worm gear clamping seat 21, it ensures that the installation position of the worm gear and worm conforms to the actual assembly state in the mechanical equipment, avoiding installation misalignment. Simultaneously, the upper worm gear clamping seat 50 integrates multiple sensors such as an infrared temperature sensor 29 and a laser displacement sensor 30, enabling the collection of detection data from multiple dimensions. This improves the accuracy of installation positioning and achieves multi-dimensional collaborative detection, making the detection results more consistent with actual working conditions and more comprehensive and accurate.

[0025] Please see Figure 1-2 A host computer 3 is installed on one side of the upper end of the center distance fluctuation detection device body 1, and a display panel 4 is installed on the other side of the upper end of the center distance fluctuation detection device body 1. A third linear guide rail 20 is installed below the lower worm gear clamping seat 21. The third linear guide rail 20 is connected to the lower worm gear clamping seat 21. The worm clamping mechanism 5 includes a first worm clamping seat 11, a second worm clamping seat 12 and a first linear guide rail 13. The first worm clamping seat 11 is located on one side of the second worm clamping seat 12. The first linear guide rail 13 is provided below both the first worm clamping seat 11 and the second worm clamping seat 12. The first linear guide rail 13 is connected to the first worm clamping seat 11 and the second worm clamping seat 12 respectively. A worm 8 is installed between the first worm clamping seat 11 and the second worm clamping seat 12.

[0026] The setup of the host computer 3 and the display panel 4 allows staff to directly view the test data. At the same time, the host computer can store the test data and compare it with history, enhancing quality tracking and analysis. The third linear guide rail 20 can drive the lower worm gear clamping seat 21 to flexibly adjust its position. The first linear guide rail 13 can drive the first worm clamping seat 11 and the second worm clamping seat 12 to move closer or further apart, making it easy to adapt to different specifications of worms 8 and worm wheels, reducing adjustment time when switching specifications, improving test efficiency, and making clamping operations more convenient, further ensuring that the worm is installed horizontally and that the worm wheel and worm are precisely meshed.

[0027] Please see Figure 1-3 A lifting screw seat 14 is installed at the rear end of the worm gear clamping mechanism 6. A lifting screw 17 is installed on the front side of the lifting screw seat 14. An upper worm gear clamping mounting seat 18 is driven to the front side of the lifting screw 17. A second linear guide rail 19 is installed below the upper worm gear clamping mounting seat 18, and the second linear guide rail 19 is driven to the upper worm gear clamping seat 50 below. A roller 15 is rotatably installed at the upper end of the lifting screw seat 14. A load block 7 is installed below the detection table 2. A wire rope 16 is installed between the load block 7 and the upper worm gear clamping mounting seat 18, and the wire rope 16 is rolledly connected to the roller 15.

[0028] The lifting screw 17 can precisely drive the upper worm gear clamping mounting seat 18 to rise and fall. Together with the second linear guide rail 19, it drives the upper worm gear clamping seat 50 to move horizontally. It can accurately adjust the relative position of the upper worm gear clamping seat 50 and the worm gear, ensuring that the worm gear and worm are precisely meshed. The balance structure formed by the roller 15, the load block 7 and the wire rope 16 can provide stable support during the lifting and falling of the upper worm gear clamping mounting seat 18, avoiding installation deviation caused by shaking during the lifting and falling process, further improving the accuracy of installation positioning, and ensuring that the test results are consistent with the actual situation.

[0029] Please see Figure 1-4 A fixed frame 22 is provided at the upper end of the upper worm gear clamping seat 50. A fixed rod 24 for the upper worm gear clamping seat is fixedly installed below the center of the fixed frame 22. A first electric telescopic cylinder 23 is fixedly installed below the fixed frame 22. A chuck 25 is fixedly installed below the first electric telescopic cylinder 23. A groove 32 for the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod is opened at the center of the chuck 25. The upper end of the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod 24 passes through the interior of the groove 32. An upper worm gear clamping seat 28 is fixedly installed below the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod 24. Four chuck jaw sliding grooves 31 are opened in a ring at the lower end of the chuck 25. Chuck jaws 26 are slidably installed inside the chuck jaw sliding grooves 31. Sensor mounting brackets 27 are installed below the chuck jaws 26. An infrared temperature sensor 29, a laser displacement sensor 30, an ultrasonic dual-crystal probe 33, and an acoustic sensor box 34 are respectively installed below the multiple sensor mounting brackets 27.

[0030] The first electric telescopic cylinder 23 can drive the chuck 25 to move up and down quickly. The chuck jaws 26 can slide and adjust within the chuck jaw grooves 31, which facilitates the rapid approach of the infrared temperature sensor 29, laser displacement sensor 30, etc. on the sensor mounting bracket 27 to the worm gear meshing area, reducing sensor alignment time and improving detection efficiency. At the same time, various sensors are integrated into the chuck 25 through the sensor mounting bracket 27, which can simultaneously collect multi-dimensional data such as temperature, displacement, and acoustics in the meshing area, realizing multi-sensor collaborative work, reducing missed detections and false detections, and improving the accuracy of center distance fluctuation detection.

[0031] Please see Figure 5-6The tactile detection mechanism 10 includes a tactile detection mechanism mounting frame 35, a vacuum pump 36, a fourth linear guide rail 37, an air suction pipe 38, a flexible tactile detection sleeve 39, a sealing cover 40, a sealing cover mounting bracket 41, a sealing cover drive motor 42, a second electric telescopic cylinder 43, a detection area 44, and a flexible connecting sleeve 45. A fifth linear guide rail 51 and a sixth linear guide rail 52 are installed below the tactile detection mechanism 10. The fifth linear guide rail 51 is located below the sixth linear guide rail 52 and is fixedly connected to the detection table 2. The sixth linear guide rail 52 is driven and installed above the fifth linear guide rail 51. The tactile detection mechanism mounting frame 35 is driven and installed above the sixth linear guide rail 52. A vacuum pump 36 is installed on one side of the tactile detection mechanism mounting bracket 35, and a fourth linear guide rail 37 is installed on the other side of the tactile detection mechanism mounting bracket 35. A flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 and a sealing cover 40 are installed on one side of the fourth linear guide rail 37. The flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 is located below the sealing cover 40 and is connected to the fourth linear guide rail 37 in a transmission manner. A second electric telescopic cylinder 43 is fixedly installed on one side of the fourth linear guide rail 37. A sealing cover mounting bracket 41 is fixedly installed below the second electric telescopic cylinder 43. The sealing cover mounting bracket 41 is rotatably connected to the sealing cover 40. The sealing cover 40 is connected to the sealing cover drive motor 42 in a transmission manner, and the sealing cover 40 is sealed to the sealing cover mounting bracket 41. The upper and lower ends of the flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 are respectively provided with detection areas 44, and a flexible connecting sleeve 45 is provided between the detection areas 44. A worm gear sealing sleeve 49 is respectively provided at the middle position of the lower end of the flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 and at the middle position of the sealing cover 40. A rubber pad 46 is provided on the inner side of the detection area 44, and a polyimide layer 48 is provided on the outer side of the detection area 44. A flexible thin film pressure sensor 47 is provided between the rubber pad 46 and the polyimide layer 48.

[0032] The combination of the fifth linear guide 51, the sixth linear guide 52, and the fourth linear guide 37 allows the tactile detection mechanism fixing frame 35 and the flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 to be flexibly adjusted in position to adapt to the detection needs of worm gears of different specifications, thus improving the versatility of the device. The vacuum pump 36 and the sealing cover 40 enable the flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 to fit tightly against the worm gear tooth surface. In conjunction with the flexible thin film pressure sensor 47, the tooth surface contact pressure distribution can be directly and quantitatively measured, and quantitative indicators such as contact area and pressure uniformity can be extracted. This avoids reliance on personal experience for judgment and improves the objectivity and scientific nature of the center distance evaluation. At the same time, the polyimide layer 48 ensures the durability of the sensor and extends the service life of the device.

[0033] Working principle: During use, the first linear guide 13 is driven to bring the first worm gear clamping seat 11 and the second worm gear clamping seat 12 closer together to clamp the worm gear 8, aligning the lower end of the worm wheel 9 with the lower worm wheel clamping seat 21. Then, the lifting screw 17 is driven to lower the upper worm wheel clamping mounting seat 18, thereby bringing the upper worm wheel clamping seat 50 closer to the upper end of the worm wheel 9, thus clamping the worm wheel 9. This ensures that the installation position of the worm wheel and worm is consistent with the actual installation state in the mechanical equipment. The worm must be kept horizontal, and the worm wheel must precisely mesh with the worm gear's meshing port to avoid installation misalignment that could cause the test results to deviate from the actual situation. In this situation, the first electric telescopic cylinder 23 extends, causing the chuck 25 to move downwards, aligning the infrared temperature sensor 29, laser displacement sensor 30, ultrasonic dual-crystal probe 33, and acoustic sensor box 34 mounted on the chuck 25 with the meshing area of ​​the worm gear 9. Simultaneously, the drive chuck 25 is driven to bring the infrared temperature sensor 29, laser displacement sensor 30, ultrasonic dual-crystal probe 33, and acoustic sensor box 34 closer to the worm gear 9. The motor of the worm clamping mechanism 5 is activated, driving the worm 8 to rotate. The worm 8 drives the worm gear 9 to rotate synchronously. The acoustic sensor inside the acoustic sensor box 34 is 100mm away from the meshing point. To reduce environmental noise interference, the acoustic sensors inside the acoustic sensor box 34 collect the meshing sound and analyze the acoustic signature to infer the center distance fluctuation. Simultaneously, a laser displacement sensor 30 is installed perpendicular to the worm gear axis to measure the shaft center position. An infrared temperature sensor 29 monitors the ambient temperature. By using a pair of ultrasonic dual-crystal probes 33 aligned with the shaft end faces or specific reflective surfaces of the worm gear and worm, the distance is calculated by precisely measuring the flight time of the ultrasonic waves between the probes and the shaft surfaces. The sound velocity of the medium is calibrated in real time using a sound velocity calibration target to eliminate the influence of temperature and humidity. The probes are periodically driven to emit ultrasonic waves towards the calibration target, and the flight time is measured. Then the current speed of sound This speed of sound is used to calculate the distance to the actual workpiece.

[0034] Based on the known relative positions of the two probes on the fixture, and the measured D1 and D2, the center distance between the worm gear and the worm shaft axis is calculated using simple geometric trigonometric relationships. It can work normally in oily, watery, and dimly lit environments without degrading its measurement performance. The cost of the ultrasonic sensing solution is significantly lower than that of a laser sensor with the same precision.

[0035] Based on laser sensor data, the actual center distance is calculated using a geometric algorithm, as shown in the formula: ; in( , )and( , () represents the coordinates of the two axes; Calculate the deviation between the actual center distance and the theoretical value, and apply digital filtering to reduce noise; temperature compensation is based on... Correction, among which This refers to temperature changes.

[0036] Run for 3 seconds under no-load conditions to collect acoustic signals as reference acoustic signatures.

[0037] Apply a first-level load (e.g., 0.5 Nm), run stably for 5 seconds, and collect acoustic signals.

[0038] Loading is performed step by step, and the data collection process is repeated.

[0039] The acquired audio signal was subjected to a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain a spectrum. Special attention was paid to the worm shaft rotational frequency (f_s) and its harmonics, as well as the meshing frequency (f_m) and its sidebands. Fluctuations in the center distance significantly altered the amplitude of the meshing frequency sidebands.

[0040] Sideband energy calculation formula: It represents the total energy of the sidebands, a core characteristic value. The unit can be... Or normalize it; It is an acoustic signal The amplitude of the spectrum after Fourier transform; It is the meshing frequency; It is the rotational frequency of the worm shaft.

[0041] K is the order of the sidebands, and usually taking k=1 or 2 is sufficient to capture the main information.

[0042] n is the highest sideband order considered, for example, n=2.

[0043] To eliminate the influence of absolute signal strength, the sideband energy can be normalized relative to the energy at the meshing frequency, defining a sideband energy ratio. : It is less sensitive to changes in load and speed, and can more purely reflect the meshing state; The extracted voiceprint features and load conditions are input into the evaluation model to calculate the fluctuation of the center distance: Linear interpolation / fitting model based on calibration curves ΔC: Real-time fluctuation of the center distance, in μm or mm. A positive value indicates that the center distance is too large, and a negative value indicates that it is too small.

[0044] T: The currently applied load torque, in Nm.

[0045] Real-time sideband energy ratio measured under the current load T.

[0046] The reference sideband energy ratio at the optimal center distance under load T. This is a function of load T obtained through prior calibration experiments on a "gold sample".

[0047] It is a proportionality coefficient, also a function of load T obtained through calibration experiments. It represents the change in center distance corresponding to each unit change in sideband energy ratio.

[0048] The false positive rate for center distance fluctuation detection is reduced by 90%. Single detection time is shortened from 3-5 minutes to less than 10 seconds, suitable for high-speed production lines, increasing detection throughput by 15 times. The center distance adjustment range is 50-200mm, covering common worm gear specifications, and the switching time is reduced from 10 minutes to 5 seconds, minimizing equipment downtime. Through temperature compensation, the measurement drift is less than 0.002mm when the operating temperature changes by ±10°C; if the digital fluctuation is large, for example, the deviation exceeds 0.5mm, and the curve shows obvious fluctuations, it indicates that the center distance fluctuation exceeds the standard. After detection, the detection data can be stored, and when detecting the same type of worm gear in subsequent tests, historical data can be compared to determine whether the center distance fluctuation has improved or worsened. During the meshing process, the tactile detection mechanism 10 directly and quantitatively measures the contact pressure distribution of the tooth surface in three-dimensional space to evaluate the quality of the center distance. The clamping of the lower worm gear holder 21 is released, the first electric telescopic cylinder 23 extends, and the chuck 25 retracts the chuck jaws 26 to clamp the groove at the upper end of the worm gear 9. The lifting screw 17 is then driven to lift the worm gear 9 upwards. The fifth linear guide 51, the sixth linear guide 52, and the fourth linear guide 37 are driven to position the flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 directly below the worm gear 9. The fourth linear guide 37 and the lifting screw 17 work together to allow the worm gear 9 to enter the flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 and fit against the detection area 44. At this time, the sealing cover drive motor 42 rotates the sealing cover 40 to the flexible tactile detection area. Above the detection sleeve 39, the second electric telescopic cylinder 43 extends to allow the flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 and the sealing cover 40 to adhere and seal together. Simultaneously, the upper and lower rods of the worm gear 9 pass through the worm gear rod sealing sleeve 49, sealing the worm gear 9 with the worm gear rod sealing sleeve 49. The vacuum pump 36 is activated to draw air from the flexible tactile detection sleeve 39 through the suction pipe 38, allowing the rubber pad 46 of the detection area 44 to adhere to the tooth groove of the worm gear 9. The worm gear 9 is then clamped again by the lower worm gear clamping seat 21 and the upper worm gear clamping seat 50, driving the worm 8 to rotate slowly, causing the worm gear with the flexible thin-film pressure sensor 47 attached to it to rotate. The flexible thin-film pressure sensor 47 array has a durable polyimide layer 48 as its substrate, an array size of 32x32, and a spatial resolution of 1mm. Each sensing unit is based on the piezoresistive or capacitive principle and can measure pressure from 0-5MPa. Throughout the engagement range, the system continuously reads the data from the tactile sensor array at a sampling rate of 100Hz, generating a series of pressure distribution cloud maps. Key features are extracted from the pressure cloud map: a) contact area; b) contact area centroid location; c) pressure distribution uniformity. A comprehensive score is then given to the contact imprint of the current workpiece. For a workpiece with a small center distance, the contact imprint will be biased towards the tooth root; a large center distance will result in a bias towards the tooth tip. The system can accurately identify this offset. Experienced judgments are transformed into quantifiable numerical indicators, freeing quality assessment from personal dependence.

[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device, comprising a center distance fluctuation detection device body (1), characterized in that: A detection platform (2) is provided at the middle position of the body (1) of the center distance fluctuation detection device. A worm gear clamping mechanism (6) is installed above the detection platform (2). A worm clamping mechanism (5) is installed inside the worm gear clamping mechanism (6) below it. A tactile detection mechanism (10) is installed on the front side of the worm gear clamping mechanism (6). An upper worm gear clamping seat (50) is provided above the front end of the worm gear clamping mechanism (6), and a lower worm gear clamping seat (21) is provided below the front end of the worm gear clamping mechanism (6). The upper worm gear clamping seat (50) includes a second linear guide rail (19), a fixing frame (22), a first electric telescopic cylinder (23), an upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod (24), a chuck (25), chuck jaws (26), a sensor mounting frame (27), an upper worm gear clamping seat (28), an infrared temperature sensor (29), a laser displacement sensor (30), an ultrasonic dual crystal probe (33), and an acoustic sensor box (34). A flexible tactile detection sleeve (39) is provided below the upper end of the tactile detection mechanism (10).

2. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A host computer (3) is installed on one side of the upper end of the center distance fluctuation detection device body (1), and a display panel (4) is installed on the other side of the upper end of the center distance fluctuation detection device body (1). A third linear guide (20) is installed below the lower worm gear clamping seat (21), and the third linear guide (20) is connected to the lower worm gear clamping seat (21) in a transmission connection.

3. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The worm gear clamping mechanism (5) includes a first worm gear clamping seat (11), a second worm gear clamping seat (12), and a first linear guide rail (13). The first worm gear clamping seat (11) is located on one side of the second worm gear clamping seat (12). The first linear guide rail (13) is provided below both the first worm gear clamping seat (11) and the second worm gear clamping seat (12). The first linear guide rail (13) is connected to the first worm gear clamping seat (11) and the second worm gear clamping seat (12) respectively. A worm (8) is installed between the first worm gear clamping seat (11) and the second worm gear clamping seat (12).

4. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the worm gear clamping mechanism (6) is equipped with a lifting screw seat (14), the front side of the lifting screw seat (14) is equipped with a lifting screw (17), the front side of the lifting screw (17) is equipped with an upper worm gear clamping mounting seat (18), the lower part of the upper worm gear clamping mounting seat (18) is equipped with a second linear guide rail (19), and the second linear guide rail (19) is connected to the lower upper worm gear clamping seat (50) in a driving connection.

5. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A roller (15) is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the lifting screw seat (14), a weight block (7) is mounted below the testing platform (2), a wire rope (16) is installed between the weight block (7) and the upper worm gear clamping mounting seat (18), and the wire rope (16) is rotatably connected to the roller (15).

6. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the upper worm gear clamping seat (50) is provided with a fixing frame (22). The fixing frame (22) is fixedly installed below the center position of the fixing frame (22). The fixing frame (22) is fixedly installed below the measuring area of ​​the fixing frame (22). The chuck (25) is fixedly installed below the first electric telescopic cylinder (23). The chuck (25) is provided with an upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod groove (32) at the center position of the chuck (25). The upper end of the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod (24) passes through the interior of the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod groove (32). The upper worm gear clamping seat (28) is fixedly installed below the upper worm gear clamping seat fixing rod (24).

7. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The chuck (25) has four chuck jaw grooves (31) in the inner ring at the lower end. The chuck jaws (26) are slidably installed inside the chuck jaw grooves (31). A sensor mounting bracket (27) is installed below the chuck jaws (26). The infrared temperature sensor (29), laser displacement sensor (30), ultrasonic dual crystal probe (33) and acoustic sensor box (34) are respectively installed below the multiple sensor mounting brackets (27).

8. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tactile detection mechanism (10) includes a tactile detection mechanism mounting bracket (35), a vacuum pump (36), a fourth linear guide rail (37), an air suction pipe (38), a flexible tactile detection sleeve (39), a sealing cover (40), a sealing cover mounting bracket (41), a sealing cover drive motor (42), a second electric telescopic cylinder (43), a detection area (44), and a flexible connecting sleeve (45). A fifth linear guide rail (51) and a sixth linear guide rail (52) are installed below the tactile detection mechanism (10). The fifth linear guide rail (51) is located below the sixth linear guide rail (52) and is fixedly connected to the detection table (2). The sixth linear guide rail (52) is driven and installed above the fifth linear guide rail (51). The tactile detection mechanism mounting bracket (35) is driven and installed above the sixth linear guide rail (52).

9. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A vacuum pump (36) is installed on one side of the tactile detection mechanism mounting bracket (35), and a fourth linear guide rail (37) is installed on the other side of the tactile detection mechanism mounting bracket (35). A flexible tactile detection sleeve (39) and a sealing cover (40) are installed on one side of the fourth linear guide rail (37). The flexible tactile detection sleeve (39) is located below the sealing cover (40). The flexible tactile detection sleeve (39) is connected to the fourth linear guide rail (37) in a transmission connection. A second electric telescopic cylinder (43) is fixedly installed on one side of the fourth linear guide rail (37). A sealing cover mounting bracket (41) is fixedly installed below the second electric telescopic cylinder (43). The sealing cover mounting bracket (41) is rotatably connected to the sealing cover (40). The sealing cover (40) is connected to the sealing cover drive motor (42) in a transmission connection. The sealing cover (40) is sealed to the sealing cover mounting bracket (41).

10. The worm gear center distance fluctuation detection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the flexible tactile detection sleeve (39) are respectively provided with detection areas (44), and a flexible connecting sleeve (45) is provided between the detection areas (44). A worm gear sealing sleeve (49) is provided at the middle position of the lower end of the flexible tactile detection sleeve (39) and at the middle position of the sealing cover (40). A rubber pad (46) is provided on the inner side of the detection area (44), and a polyimide layer (48) is provided on the outer side of the detection area (44). A flexible thin film pressure sensor (47) is provided between the rubber pad (46) and the polyimide layer (48).

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