Three-dimensional visualization method, device, medium and system for antenna pattern
By mapping antenna radiation pattern data onto a three-dimensional sphere and employing rainbow diagrams and Loop surface subdivision methods, the shortcomings of traditional two-dimensional display methods are overcome, achieving accurate three-dimensional visualization and optimization of antenna radiation characteristics.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Traditional two-dimensional antenna pattern display methods are insufficient to meet the needs of modern complex systems for accurate antenna evaluation and optimization. In particular, they cannot clearly display details in complex structures or areas with subtle changes, and the data resolution is insufficient, the boundaries are unclear, and the surfaces are not smooth.
The radiation characteristics data of the antenna pattern are mapped to the radius of a three-dimensional sphere, and the colors are assigned using the rainbow diagram method. Based on the geometric sphere model, new vertices are inserted using the Loop surface subdivision method, and finally the three-dimensional model is drawn.
It enables an intuitive three-dimensional display of antenna radiation characteristics, improves data visualization quality and model accuracy, facilitates antenna structure adjustment and multi-antenna system layout optimization, and effectively avoids interference.
Smart Images
Figure CN121659549A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional visualization technology, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, medium, and system for three-dimensional visualization of antenna patterns. Background Technology
[0002] In modern wireless communication, radar detection, and radio frequency equipment, antennas, as critical signal transceiver components, play a vital role in the overall system performance. Antenna radiation patterns visually display the radiation intensity and characteristics of an antenna in different directions, serving as a crucial basis for evaluating antenna performance, optimizing antenna design, and planning system layout. With continuous technological advancements, the demands on antenna performance are becoming increasingly stringent, and traditional two-dimensional radiation pattern visualization methods are insufficient to meet the needs of modern complex systems for accurate antenna evaluation and optimization.
[0003] During the equipment simulation and design phases, a method is needed to intuitively present the three-dimensional spatial radiation characteristics in order to accurately guide the adjustment of antenna structures, the optimization of multi-antenna system layouts, and the effective avoidance of interference problems. However, existing antenna orientations... Figure 3 3D visualization technology has some shortcomings in practical applications, as follows: In certain areas, especially where there are complex structures or subtle changes in the antenna pattern, the visualization results may not clearly show these details, or when processing complex data, the data may be oversimplified or smoothed, resulting in the loss of some details.
[0004] Due to limitations in the antenna pattern data itself, such as insufficient data accuracy, the visualization resolution is insufficient, resulting in unclear pattern boundaries and uneven surfaces. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a three-dimensional visualization method, device, medium and system for antenna radiation patterns, so as to intuitively present the radiation characteristics of the antenna in three-dimensional space in the implementation of simulation system engineering, so as to accurately guide the adjustment of antenna structure, optimize the layout of multi-antenna systems, and accurately analyze and effectively avoid interference problems.
[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following approach: A method for three-dimensional visualization of antenna radiation patterns includes the following steps: First, the radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern is mapped to the radius of the three-dimensional sphere to reflect the radiation intensity distribution of the antenna pattern. At the same time, the rainbow diagram method is used to assign colors according to the magnitude of the normalized data, and a color mapping rule is constructed for the three-dimensional sphere so that different radiation intensities are presented with different colors. Finally, a 3D model of the antenna pattern is constructed based on the geometric sphere model, new vertices are inserted using the Loop surface subdivision method, and the final drawing is completed.
[0007] Furthermore, the step of mapping the radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern to the radius of the three-dimensional sphere specifically includes the sub-step of using a logarithmic compression mapping method to compress the radiation characteristic data to the maximum and minimum radius values of the sphere's spatial range.
[0008] Furthermore, the step of using a logarithmic-based compression mapping method to compress the radiation characteristic data to the maximum and minimum radius values within the spherical spatial range specifically includes the following sub-steps: A logarithmic compression mapping method is used to compress the radiation characteristic data to the maximum and minimum radius values within the spherical spatial range. , The formula used is as follows: ; in, It is the raw radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern at the azimuth angle j / elevation angle i; , These are the maximum and minimum raw radiation characteristic data in the entire radiation pattern data; .
[0009] Furthermore, the rainbow map method is used to assign colors based on the numerical values of normalized data and to construct color mapping rules for the three-dimensional sphere. Specifically, it includes the following sub-steps: constructing a rainbow color map based on linear basis functions using R, G, and B, mapping the radiation characteristic data to vertex color data, and controlling the range of pure blue and pure red quantities used in the color map.
[0010] Furthermore, the rainbow map method is used to assign colors based on the numerical values of normalized data, constructing color mapping rules for the three-dimensional sphere so that different radiation intensities are represented by different colors. This specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: Normalize the vertex colors of the original radiation characteristic values of the antenna pattern using the following formula: ; in, This is the normalized calculation result of the original radiation characteristics data of the antenna pattern at azimuth angle j / elevation angle i. This is the raw radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern at azimuth angle j / elevation angle i. This represents the maximum original radiation characteristic value in the radiation pattern data. ; Step 2: Utilize The range of pure blue and pure red values used in the color chart is controlled by dividing the R, G, and B color components into 10 equal parts. The radiation characteristic data after antenna pattern normalization is scaled to the R, G, and B color components. Within the specified range, the following formula shall be used: ; in, These are the global coefficients that map antenna radiation pattern data to R, G, and B color components; ; Step 3: Construct piecewise linear basis functions, and overlap the coefficients of the R, G, and B interpolation functions to smooth the color tone variations in the color image, using the following formula: .
[0011] Furthermore, the construction of the three-dimensional model of the antenna pattern based on geometric sphere modeling specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: Vertex Construction: Calculate the pitch segment values of the sphere and azimuth segment value If the current Less than the number of pitch segments ,current Less than the number of azimuth segments Then the current pitch segment value and azimuth segment value The formula is as follows: ; ; Where i and j are the elevation and roll coordinates of the antenna pattern in the spherical coordinate system, respectively. ; After the calculation is complete, increment i and j by 1 iteratively; Finally, the vertex positions in the three-dimensional geometric sphere model in space are calculated iteratively using the following formula. : ; Until now Greater than the number of pitch segments And currently Less than the number of azimuth segments until; The data represents the radiation characteristics after compression into the spherical space in step 1. Step 2: Index Construction: For each vertex in the spherical coordinate system Construct index identifiers for two triangles The index of triangle A is as follows: ; The index of triangle B is shown below: ; in, ; After the calculation is complete, increment i and j by 1 iteratively; Iterate through the process until the current state is reached. Greater than the number of pitch segments And currently Number of segments by orientation until.
[0012] Furthermore, the insertion of new vertices using the Loop surface subdivision method specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: For every two adjacent triangles, split each edge to generate new edge points. The following formula is used: ; Step 2: The newly generated With the original vertex , , , Connect them to form four new triangles; Step 3: Calculate the new edge points color value The following formula is used: ; Step 4: Repeat steps 1 through 3 until the desired subdivision level is reached.
[0013] Furthermore, the completion of the final drawing specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: Draw a ring-shaped strip with the vertices, indices, and color data of the triangle below the pitch segment i. For the number of pitch segments, .
[0014] Step 2: After the calculation is complete, increment i by 1 iteratively until i is greater than 1. .
[0015] A three-dimensional visualization device for antenna patterns includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when loaded by the processor, executes the method described in any of the preceding methods.
[0016] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when loaded by a processor, executes the method described in any of the preceding claims.
[0017] A three-dimensional visualization system for antenna patterns includes a three-dimensional visualization device for antenna patterns as described above.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention include: This invention, during the device simulation phase, can intuitively present the radiation characteristics of an antenna in three-dimensional space, enabling precise guidance for antenna structure adjustments, optimization of multi-antenna system layouts, and accurate analysis and effective avoidance of interference issues. Specifically, this invention maps the antenna radiation pattern to a three-dimensional spherical coordinate system, achieving a natural isomorphism between direction and data; it performs a dual mapping of the antenna radiation pattern's radiation characteristics data using radius and color, transforming abstract radiation data into intuitive geometric shapes and color information; through a Loop surface subdivision algorithm, it dynamically inserts model vertices and color points, balancing detail and efficiency; throughout the entire process of "radiation characteristics data" -> "radius" -> "color," it uses the same scale, eliminating dimensional differences and ensuring direct comparison of results between different antennas, facilitating batch analysis and database construction; it employs a logarithmic compression mapping method to compress the radiation characteristics data to the radius, preventing weak directional north linear mapping from being compressed to 0, thus facilitating the construction of main lobes and side lobes; and it controls the use range of pure blue and pure red values in vertex color data mapping, improving visualization effects. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a classification diagram of the three-dimensional modeling parameters of the antenna radiation pattern in the method of this embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional visualization flowchart of the antenna pattern in the method of this embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 This is an illustration of the construction of a rainbow color map in the method of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for constructing vertex coordinate parameters based on a geometric sphere in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for constructing vertex index parameters based on a geometric sphere in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the rules for constructing vertex indexes; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the subdivision of LOOP in the method of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0021] All features disclosed in all embodiments of this specification, or steps in all methods or processes implied in the disclosure, may be combined and / or extended or replaced in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.
[0022] The specific implementation process of this invention is as follows: like Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a three-dimensional visualization method for antenna radiation patterns is provided, comprising the following steps: First, the radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern is mapped to the radius of the three-dimensional sphere to reflect the radiation intensity distribution of the antenna pattern. At the same time, the rainbow diagram method is used to assign colors according to the magnitude of the normalized data, and a color mapping rule is constructed for the three-dimensional sphere so that different radiation intensities are presented with different colors. Finally, a 3D model of the antenna pattern is constructed based on the geometric sphere model, new vertices are inserted using the Loop surface subdivision method, and the final drawing is completed.
[0023] In other embodiments, based on the above embodiments, and further, a three-dimensional sphere is modeled based on a geometric sphere model, wherein the modeling parameters include: vertex coordinates, vertex indices, and vertex colors of the geometric sphere. For example... Figure 2 As shown, this method includes sphere radius data mapping, vertex color data mapping, and antenna orientation construction based on the geometric sphere. Figure 3 3D model, LOOP surface subdivision and antenna orientation plotting Figure 3 The five steps of the 3D model are further detailed in the following implementations: Step 1: Mapping the sphere radius data. A logarithmic compression mapping method is used to compress the radiation characteristic data to the maximum and minimum radius values within the sphere's spatial range. , The formula is as follows: ; in, It is the raw radiation characteristic data (power or amplitude, gain) of the antenna pattern at azimuth angle j / elevation angle i. , These are the maximum and minimum raw radiation characteristic data (power or amplitude, gain) in the entire radiation pattern data.
[0024] Step two, vertex color data mapping. (See also...) Figure 3 After normalizing the original radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern, a rainbow color map will be constructed using transfer functions R, G, B. This process includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: Normalize the vertex colors of the original radiation characteristic values of the antenna pattern, as shown in the following formula: ; in, This is the normalized calculation result of the original radiation characteristics data of the antenna pattern at azimuth angle j / elevation angle i. It is the raw radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern at the azimuth angle j / elevation angle i. This represents the maximum original radiation characteristic value in the radiation pattern data.
[0025] Step 2: Utilize Quantity (range of values) Control the range of pure blue and pure red values used in the color diagram, divide the R, G, and B color components into 10 equal parts, and scale the normalized radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern to the R, G, and B color components. Within the range, as shown in the following formula: ; in, These are global coefficients that map antenna radiation pattern data to R, G, and B color components.
[0026] Step 3: Construct piecewise linear basis functions, and overlap the coefficients of the R, G, and B interpolation functions to smooth the color tone variations in the color image, as shown in the following formula: ; Step 3: Construct a 3D geometric model of the antenna pattern. Using the antenna pattern parameters, construct a 3D geometric sphere model in space, including vertices and indices.
[0027] Step 1: As Figure 4 As shown, vertex construction: calculate the pitch segment values of the sphere. and azimuth segment value If the current Less than the number of pitch segments ,current Less than the number of azimuth segments Current pitch segment value and azimuth segment value As shown in the formula below: ; ; Where i and j are the elevation and roll coordinates of the antenna pattern in the spherical coordinate system, respectively. .
[0028] After the calculation is complete, increment i and j by 1 iteratively.
[0029] Finally, the vertex positions in the three-dimensional geometric sphere model in computational space. As shown in the formula below: ; in, The data represents the radiation characteristics after being compressed into the spherical space in step 1.
[0030] Repeat the above process until the current time. Greater than the number of pitch segments And currently Number of segments by orientation until.
[0031] Step 2: As Figure 5 As shown, index construction: Since the drawing uses a triangle mode, for each vertex in the spherical coordinate system... Construct index identifiers for two triangles ,like Figure 6 As shown, the index of triangle A is as follows: ; The index of triangle B is shown below: ; in, .
[0032] After the calculation is complete, increment i and j by 1 iteratively.
[0033] Repeat the above process until the current time. Greater than the number of pitch segments And currently Number of segments by orientation until.
[0034] Step four, Loop surface subdivision. For example... Figure 7 As shown, for vertices , , , Perform surface subdivision. Among them, , Let be the vertex of the edge. , For vertices that are not directly connected, the following sub-steps are executed: Step 1: For every two adjacent triangles, split each edge to generate new edge points. The formula is shown below: ; Step 2: The newly generated With the original vertex , , , Connect them to form four new triangles.
[0035] Step 3: Calculate the new edge points color value The formula is shown below: ; Step 4: Repeat the above steps until the desired subdivision level is reached.
[0036] Step 5: Draw the antenna direction Figure 3 3D model The drawing is performed using drawing tools (such as OpenGL, DirectX, Valkun), specifically through the following sub-steps: Step 1: Draw a ring-shaped strip with the vertices, indices, and color data of the triangle below the pitch segment i. , This represents the number of pitch segments.
[0037] Step 2: After the calculation is complete, increment i by 1 iteratively until i is greater than 1. .
[0038] The method described in this invention can intuitively display the antenna radiation characteristics, improving the quality of data visualization and the accuracy of the model.
[0039] As another aspect of the invention, a three-dimensional visualization device for antenna patterns is provided, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when loaded by the processor, executes the method described in any of the preceding claims.
[0040] As another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, characterized in that a computer program is stored in the readable storage medium, which, when loaded by a processor, executes the method described in any of the preceding claims.
[0041] As another aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional visualization system for antenna patterns is provided, characterized in that it includes a three-dimensional visualization device for the antenna patterns as described above.
[0042] The units described in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in software or hardware, and the described units can also be located in a processor. The names of these units do not necessarily limit the specific unit itself.
[0043] According to one aspect of the present invention, a computer program product or computer program is provided, the computer program product or computer program including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the methods provided in the various optional implementations described above.
[0044] In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the methods described in the above embodiments.
Claims
1. A three-dimensional visualization method for antenna radiation patterns, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: First, the radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern is mapped to the radius of the three-dimensional sphere to reflect the radiation intensity distribution of the antenna pattern. At the same time, the rainbow diagram method is used to assign colors according to the magnitude of the normalized data, and a color mapping rule is constructed for the three-dimensional sphere so that different radiation intensities are presented with different colors. Finally, a 3D model of the antenna pattern is constructed based on the geometric sphere model, new vertices are inserted using the Loop surface subdivision method, and the final drawing is completed.
2. The three-dimensional visualization method for antenna patterns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of mapping the radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern to the radius of a three-dimensional sphere specifically includes the following sub-steps: using a logarithmic compression mapping method to compress the radiation characteristic data to the maximum and minimum radius values within the spatial range of the sphere.
3. The three-dimensional visualization method for antenna patterns according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method of compressing radiation characteristic data to the maximum and minimum radius values within the spherical spatial range using a logarithmic compression mapping method specifically includes the following sub-steps: A logarithmic compression mapping method is used to compress the radiation characteristic data to the maximum and minimum radius values within the spherical spatial range. , The formula used is as follows: ； in, It is the raw radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern at the azimuth angle j / elevation angle i; , These are the maximum and minimum raw radiation characteristic data in the entire radiation pattern data; .
4. The three-dimensional visualization method for antenna patterns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using a rainbow map, which assigns colors based on the numerical value of normalized data, and constructs color mapping rules for a three-dimensional sphere, specifically includes the following sub-steps: constructing a rainbow color map based on linear basis functions using R, G, and B, mapping the radiation characteristic data to vertex color data, and controlling the range of pure blue and pure red quantities used in the color map.
5. The three-dimensional visualization method for antenna patterns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method employs a rainbow diagram to assign colors based on the numerical values of normalized data, constructing a color mapping rule for the three-dimensional sphere so that different radiation intensities are represented by different colors. This specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: Normalize the vertex colors of the original radiation characteristic values of the antenna pattern using the following formula: ； in, This is the normalized calculation result of the original radiation characteristics data of the antenna pattern at azimuth angle j / elevation angle i. This is the raw radiation characteristic data of the antenna pattern at azimuth angle j / elevation angle i. This represents the maximum original radiation characteristic value in the radiation pattern data. ; Step 2: Utilize The range of pure blue and pure red values used in the color chart is controlled by dividing the R, G, and B color components into 10 equal parts. The radiation characteristic data after antenna pattern normalization is scaled to the R, G, and B color components. Within the specified range, the following formula shall be used: ； in, These are the global coefficients that map antenna radiation pattern data to R, G, and B color components; ; Step 3: Construct piecewise linear basis functions, and overlap the coefficients of the R, G, and B interpolation functions to smooth the color tone variations in the color image, using the following formula: 。 6. The three-dimensional visualization method for antenna patterns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the 3D model of the antenna radiation pattern based on geometric sphere modeling specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: Vertex Construction: Calculate the pitch segment values of the sphere and azimuth segment value If the current Less than the number of pitch segments ,current Less than the number of azimuth segments Then the current pitch segment value and azimuth segment value The formula is as follows: ； ； Where i and j are the elevation and roll coordinates of the antenna pattern in the spherical coordinate system, respectively. ; After the calculation is complete, increment i and j by 1 iteratively; Finally, the vertex positions in the three-dimensional geometric sphere model in space are calculated iteratively using the following formula. : ； Until now Greater than the number of pitch segments And currently Less than the number of azimuth segments until; The data represents the radiation characteristics after compression into the spherical space in step 1. Step 2: Index Construction: For each vertex in the spherical coordinate system Construct index identifiers for two triangles The index of triangle A is as follows: ； The index of triangle B is shown below: ； in, ; After the calculation is complete, increment i and j by 1 iteratively; Iterate through the process until the current state is reached. Greater than the number of pitch segments And currently Number of segments by orientation until.
7. The three-dimensional visualization method for antenna patterns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insertion of new vertices using the Loop surface subdivision method specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: For every two adjacent triangles, split each edge to generate new edge points. The following formula is used: ； Step 2: The newly generated With the original vertex , , , Connect them to form four new triangles; Step 3: Calculate the new edge points color value The following formula is used: ； Step 4: Repeat steps 1 through 3 until the desired subdivision level is reached.
8. The three-dimensional visualization method for antenna patterns according to claim 6, characterized in that, The final drawing process includes the following sub-steps: Step 1: Draw a ring-shaped strip with the vertices, indices, and color data of the triangle below the pitch segment i. For the number of pitch segments, . Step 2: After the calculation is complete, increment i by 1 iteratively until i is greater than 1. .
9. A three-dimensional visualization device for antenna radiation patterns, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when loaded by the processor, executes the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored in a readable storage medium, which, when loaded by a processor, executes the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. A three-dimensional visualization system for antenna radiation patterns, characterized in that, The device includes a three-dimensional visualization device for the antenna pattern as described in claim 9.