Risk map drawing method for hydrogen and other combustible gas areas

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen and other combustible gas area risk map drawing method, and relates to the technical field of risk map drawing, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, real-time data collection, S2, thermal radiation energy analysis, S3, casualty radius determination, S4, ignition probability calculation, and S5, risk map drawing. According to the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle detects hydrogen and other combustible gases, so that early warning can be given to a pipeline operation unit in time, personnel death consequence and risk prediction analysis can be carried out on an area where the hydrogen and other combustible gases leak from the pipeline, a reasonable warning and safe area can be calculated, a corresponding ignition source is controlled, and the safety of the pipeline is improved. Data support is provided for pipeline enterprises to take corresponding countermeasures, and it is ensured that follow-up disaster control and emergency action scheme making can be more reasonable and effective.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of risk mapping technology, specifically a method for mapping risk areas of hydrogen and other combustible gases. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main methods for inspecting combustible gas pipelines include manual inspection, drone inspection, and a small number of robot inspections.

[0003] The first method is manual inspection. Manual inspection relies on people to patrol the pipeline. Patrol workers walk along the pipeline, observing whether there are any issues such as third-party construction, encroachment, geological disasters, water damage, or flammable gas leaks in the buried pipeline and surrounding area. Because the natural gas or hydrogen currently transported in pipelines is colorless and odorless, patrol workers find it difficult to detect small leaks, making it even more difficult to assess the risks posed by such leaks. They can only make some judgments and identifications about the surrounding environment. Manual patrol only involves some observation of the pipeline's surface conditions; if the amount of flammable gas leaking is small, it is unlikely to be detected by patrol workers, let alone a risk analysis.

[0004] The second method is drone-based pipeline inspection. Drone inspection typically uses drone platforms equipped with cameras to observe buried pipelines and surrounding areas for issues such as third-party construction, encroachment, and geological hazards, similar to manual inspection. Some drones are also equipped with gas detection devices, which can make some judgments about combustible gas leaks, but these drone platforms cannot determine the level of risk posed by combustible gas leaks. Drone inspections can take photos and videos to collect images of the pipeline surface, but the data volume is large and the analysis speed is slow. Even if some platforms are equipped with hydrogen and other combustible gas detection devices, they only detect gas leaks and push relevant information, without analyzing the consequences of combustible gas leaks or conducting risk analysis.

[0005] The third method is robotic pipeline inspection. In recent years, some companies have developed inspection robots to check pipeline equipment for problems or other damage. However, the current mobility of these robots is generally not very good, limiting their inspection capabilities to oil and gas stations and making it difficult to adapt to the complex routing conditions of long-distance pipelines in the field. Therefore, robots are currently difficult to effectively apply as a platform for inspecting long-distance combustible gas pipelines and can only be used in stations or special locations. Because existing pipeline inspection technologies and platforms are insufficient for effectively analyzing and assessing the consequences and risks of combustible gas leaks, it is difficult to develop targeted contingency plans to reduce the serious consequences of leaks.

[0006] A method for mapping the risk areas of hydrogen and other combustible gases uses drones to collect leaked gas data, combines meteorological and geographical information, and dynamically draws risk level area maps using a diffusion model to intuitively display the scope and degree of danger. Patent application number 202310403975.8 discloses a "Gas Online Monitoring System, relating to the Internet of Things (IoT) field, which, to achieve the above objectives, includes a front-end sensing module, a monitoring module, and a sharing module; the front-end sensing module is used for real-time sensing and monitoring of the gas safety status of each node and scenario; the monitoring module is used for real-time monitoring and alarm of combustible gas concentration in confined spaces; and the sharing module is used for data acquisition, equipment control, abnormal alarms, data configuration, and custom report generation of process diagrams." This method can break down the closed-loop barriers between monitoring, early warning, and emergency response, enabling collaborative handling of gas accidents, improving urban gas monitoring, early warning, and collaborative response capabilities, achieving full coverage of urban areas and high-risk areas, and comprehensively enhancing the proactive prevention and control capabilities of urban gas risks.

[0007] While the aforementioned existing technologies have solved the problem of barriers in urban gas monitoring, early warning, and response, their use relies on manual inspections of pipeline surface conditions. When the amount of combustible gas leakage is small, it is difficult for inspectors to detect it. Furthermore, there is no analysis of the consequences of combustible gas leaks, nor can risk analysis be conducted. It is difficult to effectively assess the consequences and risks of combustible gas leaks, making it impossible to formulate targeted contingency plans. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the problem that existing pipeline inspection technologies are unable to effectively assess the immediate potential impact area and risk level of a pipeline leak, this invention provides a method for drawing risk maps of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas, thereby resolving the issues raised in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for drawing risk maps of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas, comprising the following steps: S1. Use the infrared probes deployed in the UAV platform to scan the area where the pipeline is located and collect real-time data in the air. When a combustible gas leak is detected, record the real-time data of the leak point and transmit the data to the server through the wireless communication network. S2. The server analyzes the thermal radiation energy. When the current combustible gas volume concentration is higher than or equal to 2%, it determines the leakage rate of the corresponding gas and calculates the thermal radiation energy based on the leakage rate. S3. Obtain the radiation energy of hydrogen and other combustible gases in different locations, and determine the radius of casualty for personnel based on the radiation energy; S4. Use accident consequence analysis software to simulate the real-time data collected by the UAV, output a gas distribution map, and determine the actual ignition probability of all potential ignition sources in the map. S5. After calculating the risk coefficient of the ignition source, draw the corresponding contour lines on the map according to the risk coefficient.

[0010] Preferably, step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S201. If the current combustible gas volume concentration is below 2%, no operation is performed; if the current combustible gas volume concentration is above or equal to 2%, the combustible gas concentration is determined. and volume According to the concentration of combustible gas and volume Leakage rate of combustible gas in the calculation area ,in ; S202, Read the combustion efficiency of combustible gas and heat of combustion The leakage rate of combustible gas Combustion efficiency and heat of combustion Analysis of thermal radiation energy ,in .

[0011] Preferably, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S301, Based on thermal radiation energy Human tolerance analysis of the radius of injury or death after ignition of hydrogen and other flammable gases; S302, if kw / m 2 If people are in contact with the virus for a long time, they will not experience any abnormal physical sensations. S303, if 1.6kw / m 2 <E≤4kw / m 2 If contact with the skin for more than 20 seconds causes pain, it may not necessarily cause blisters.

[0012] Preferably, step S3 further includes the following steps: S304, if 4kw / m 2 <E≤12.5kw / m 2 If this occurs, 1% of the people will die within 1 minute, and first-degree burns will occur within 10 seconds; S305, if 12.5kw / m 2 <E≤25kw / m 2 If this happens, 100% of the people will die within 1 minute, and suffer severe burns within 10 seconds; S306, if 25kw / m 2<E≤37.5kw / m 2 If so, 100% of the people will die within 1 minute, and 1% of the people will die within 10 seconds; S307, If E > 37.5 kW / m 2 If this happens, 100% of the people will die within 10 seconds.

[0013] Preferably, step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S401. List all possible leaking devices and leak types, and assign a corresponding annual leak frequency to each leak scenario; S402. The leak data detected by the UAV is used as input parameters and transmitted to the accident consequence analysis software for analysis. Real-time meteorological data is read, and the dynamic diffusion range of the combustible gas cloud is calculated according to the leak data and meteorological data, thereby outputting a gas distribution map. The gas distribution map marks the geographical areas covered by combustible gas clouds of different concentrations.

[0014] Preferably, step S4 further includes the following steps: S403. Identify all potential ignition sources on the map. For each ignition source... ,like Located within the cloud cluster, spatial efficiency Set it to 1, otherwise set it to 0; S404, Statistics during the duration of the cloud cluster Time in active state and the total duration of the cloud cluster ,according to and Calculate time efficiency ,in .

[0015] Preferably, step S4 further includes the following steps: S405, Obtain Base ignition probability Then, based on the basic ignition probability Spatial efficiency and time efficiency Calculate Actual ignition probability ,in , Indicates the serial number. Indicates the number of ignition sources.

[0016] Preferably, step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S501, Utilizing leakage rate and actual ignition probability Calculate the risk coefficient ,in ; S502. Draw the corresponding risk contour lines on the gas distribution map according to the risk coefficient of each potential ignition source.

[0017] This invention provides a novel pipeline inspection solution. By equipping a drone with a laser or infrared combustible gas detection device and a camera, after detecting a pipeline leak of hydrogen or other combustible gases, the degree and scope of the consequences can be quickly analyzed through corresponding calculation methods, and accident risk can be calculated. This enables the formulation of a precise accident handling plan, minimizing the impact of hydrogen or other combustible gas leaks.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention enables timely early warning to pipeline operators through the detection of hydrogen and other combustible gases by drones; 2. This invention performs risk prediction and analysis on the consequences of personnel deaths in areas where hydrogen and other combustible gases leak from pipelines, and can calculate reasonable warning and safety zones to control the corresponding ignition sources; 3. Conducting a fatal consequences and risk prediction analysis of areas where hydrogen or other flammable gases leak through pipelines can provide guidance for pipeline companies to take corresponding countermeasures, such as shutting down pipelines, controlling ignition sources, mobilizing public resources such as public security and fire departments, setting up warning lines, or even imposing martial law. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 An overall method flowchart is provided for embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of UAV data acquisition is provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart for drawing personnel casualty radius and risk contour lines is provided for embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the effect of risk contour lines after a flammable gas pipeline leak in a certain area of ​​North my country, obtained by using the risk mapping method for hydrogen and other flammable gases described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1This invention provides a technical solution: a method for drawing risk maps of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas, comprising the following steps: S1. Use the infrared probes deployed in the UAV platform to scan the area where the pipeline is located and collect real-time data in the air. When a combustible gas leak is detected, record the real-time data of the leak point and transmit the data to the server through the wireless communication network. S2. The server analyzes the thermal radiation energy. When the current combustible gas volume concentration is higher than or equal to 2%, it determines the leakage rate of the corresponding gas and calculates the thermal radiation energy based on the leakage rate. S3. Obtain the radiation energy of hydrogen and other combustible gases in different locations, and determine the radius of casualty for personnel based on the radiation energy; S4. Use simulation software to simulate the real-time data collected by the UAV, output a gas distribution map, and determine the actual ignition probability of all potential ignition sources in the map. S5. After calculating the risk coefficient of the ignition source, draw the corresponding contour lines on the map according to the risk coefficient.

[0022] Reference Figure 2 The diagram illustrates step S1, where an embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of drone data acquisition.

[0023] The drone platform device 1 is equipped with a laser or infrared probe to measure the leakage of hydrogen or other combustible gases. The data is then transmitted to the server 4 via the wireless communication network 2 and the Internet 3. The server 4 processes and calculates the potential consequences of the gas leak and provides a risk contour map, which is then pushed to the terminal 5 or 6.

[0024] Step S2: The server analyzes the thermal radiation energy. When the current combustible gas volume concentration is higher than or equal to 2%, it determines the corresponding gas leakage rate and calculates the thermal radiation energy based on the leakage rate. This specifically includes the following steps: S201. If the current combustible gas volume concentration is below 2%, no operation is performed; if the current combustible gas volume concentration is above or equal to 2%, the combustible gas concentration is determined. and volume According to the concentration of combustible gas and volume Leakage rate of combustible gas in the calculation area ,in ; S202, Read the combustion efficiency of combustible gas and heat of combustion The leakage rate of combustible gas Combustion efficiency and heat of combustion Analysis of thermal radiation energy ,in ;in, E - thermal radiation value; f - Combustion efficiency of combustible gas; Q represents the gas leakage rate (which can be calculated based on data collected by the drone at different times). In practice, drones can be used to locate gas leak boundaries, such as when the volume concentration of hydrogen or other combustible gases is below 2% (hydrogen's explosion limit is 4-75%, methane 5-15%, generally 2% is used as a safety standard). After finding the boundary, the amount of combustible gas in the area is calculated, i.e., Q=d·V, where d is the gas concentration and V is the volume. The drone can be retested at intervals of 30 minutes and 1 hour. If the gas volume changes, the combustion consequences will be different.

[0025] Hc - Heat of combustion of hydrogen or other combustible gases.

[0026] The thermal radiation energy E can be used to calculate the radiation energy around a gas leak, thereby analyzing the risk of casualties. The human tolerance to thermal radiation is shown in the table below.

[0027] Based on the radiation energy E and human tolerance, the lethal radius of hydrogen or other combustible gases once ignited can be analyzed.

[0028] Step S3: Obtain the radiation energy of hydrogen and other combustible gases at different locations, and determine the casualty radius of personnel based on the radiation energy; specifically, this includes the following steps: S301, Based on thermal radiation energy Human tolerance analysis of the radius of injury or death after ignition of hydrogen and other flammable gases; S302, if kw / m 2 If people are in contact with the virus for a long time, they will not experience any abnormal physical sensations. S303, if 1.6kw / m 2 <E≤4kw / m 2 Preferably, step S3 further includes the following steps: S304, if 4kw / m 2 <E≤12.5kw / m 2 S305, if 12.5kw / m 2 <E≤25kw / m 2 S306, if 25kw / m 2 <E37.5kw / m2 S307, If E > 37.5 kW / m 2 If this happens, 100% of the people will die within 10 seconds.

[0029] Step S4: Use accident consequence analysis software to simulate the real-time data collected by the UAV, output a gas distribution map, and determine the actual ignition probability of all potential ignition sources in the map; specifically, this includes the following steps: S401. List all devices that may leak and the types of leaks, and assign a corresponding annual leak frequency (Fleak) to each leak scenario; S402. The leak data detected by the drone is used as input parameters and transmitted to the accident consequence analysis software for analysis. Real-time meteorological data is read, and the dynamic diffusion range of the combustible gas cloud is calculated according to the leak data and meteorological data. A gas distribution map is then output, which marks the geographical areas covered by combustible gas clouds of different concentrations.

[0030] Step S4 also includes the following steps: S403. Identify all potential ignition sources on the map. For each ignition source... ,like Located within the cloud cluster, spatial efficiency Set it to 1, otherwise set it to 0; S404, Statistics during the duration of the cloud cluster Time in active state and the total duration of the cloud cluster ,according to and Calculate time efficiency ,in ; The direct ignition probabilities of hydrogen and other combustible gases are shown in the table below. As can be seen from the table, the ignition energy of CO is higher than that of CH4, and the ignition energy of CH4 is higher than that of H2. Therefore, among these three gases, H2 has the highest reactivity and CO has the lowest reactivity. Among them, the combustion probability of low-activity gases is denoted by a value of 1, which means 100% will be ignited, and 0.02 means 2% chance of ignition.

[0031] Ignition energy, or average / high reactivity gas, refers to how easily a gas can be ignited. For example, CO has a higher ignition energy than CH4 (methane, the main component of natural gas), and CH4 has a higher ignition energy than H2. Therefore, among these three gases, H2 has the highest reactivity, and CO has the lowest reactivity.

[0032] Step S4 also includes the following steps: S405, Obtain Base ignition probability Then, based on the basic ignition probability Spatial efficiency and time efficiency Calculate Actual ignition probability ,in , Indicates the serial number. The table below shows the number of ignition sources and the basic ignition probability. Since ignition at one location will ignite the entire leak area, the ignition probability should be the sum of the ignition probabilities of different ignition sources, as shown in the following formula: ; This represents the ignition probability. This represents the base ignition probability of each ignition source; Theoretically, the probability of an accident is... The probability of ignition, since the drone has already detected a pipe leak, therefore... It equals 1.

[0033] therefore .

[0034] In the method for drawing risk maps of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas described in this invention, step S5, drawing risk maps: after calculating the risk coefficient of the ignition source, the corresponding contour lines are drawn on the map according to the risk coefficient.

[0035] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 3 Step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S501, Utilizing leakage rate and actual ignition probability Calculate the risk coefficient ,in ; S502. Draw the corresponding risk contour lines on the gas distribution map according to the risk coefficient of each potential ignition source.

[0036] Based on the ignition probability P obtained in step S4, risk contour lines are generated. These risk contour lines are similar to... Figure 4 . Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of drawing risk contour lines to illustrate the radius of casualties and risk contour lines in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4This diagram illustrates the effect of contour lines representing the risk of a combustible gas pipeline leak in a region of North my country, obtained using the risk mapping method for hydrogen and other combustible gases described in this invention. The red risk level represents 1×10⁻⁶. -4 Yellow indicates that the risk is unacceptable; yellow indicates 1×10 -5 The blue line indicates that the risk needs to be taken very seriously; the blue line represents 1×10. -6 This indicates that the risk is basically negligible.

[0038] This invention enables pipeline operators to receive early warnings by detecting hydrogen or other combustible gases using drones; it allows for the prediction and analysis of the consequences and risks of personnel fatalities in areas where hydrogen or other combustible gases leak in pipelines, enabling the calculation of reasonable warning and safety zones and the control of corresponding ignition sources; and it provides guidance for pipeline companies to take corresponding countermeasures, such as shutting down pipelines, controlling ignition sources, mobilizing public resources such as public security and fire departments, establishing warning lines, or even imposing martial law.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for drawing risk maps of areas containing hydrogen and other combustible gases, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Use the infrared probes deployed in the UAV platform to scan the area where the pipeline is located and collect real-time data in the air. When a combustible gas leak is detected, record the real-time data of the leak point and transmit the data to the server through the wireless communication network. S2. The server analyzes the thermal radiation energy. When the current combustible gas volume concentration is higher than or equal to 2%, it determines the leakage rate of the corresponding gas and calculates the thermal radiation energy based on the leakage rate. S3. Obtain the radiation energy of hydrogen and other combustible gases in different locations, and determine the radius of casualty for personnel based on the radiation energy; S4. Use PHAST simulation software to simulate the real-time data collected by the UAV, output a gas distribution map, and determine the actual ignition probability of all potential ignition sources in the map. S5. After calculating the risk coefficient of the ignition source, draw the corresponding contour lines on the map according to the risk coefficient.

2. The method for drawing a risk map of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S201. If the current combustible gas volume concentration is below 2%, no operation is performed; if the current combustible gas volume concentration is above or equal to 2%, the combustible gas concentration is determined. and volume According to the concentration of combustible gas and volume Leakage rate of combustible gas in the calculation area ,in ; S202, Read the combustion efficiency of combustible gas and heat of combustion The leakage rate of combustible gas Combustion efficiency and heat of combustion Analysis of thermal radiation energy ,in .

3. The method for drawing a risk map of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S301, Based on thermal radiation energy Human tolerance analysis of the radius of injury or death after ignition of hydrogen and other flammable gases; S302, If E≤1.6kw / m 2 If people are in contact with the virus for a long time, they will not experience any abnormal physical sensations. S303, if 1.6kw / m 2 <E≤4kw / m 2 If contact with the skin for more than 20 seconds causes pain, it may not necessarily cause blisters.

4. The method for drawing a risk map of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S3 further includes the following steps: S304, if 4kw / m 2 <E≤12.5kw / m 2 If this occurs, 1% of the people will die within 1 minute, and first-degree burns will occur within 10 seconds; S305, if 12.5kw / m 2 <E≤25kw / m 2 If this happens, 100% of the people will die within 1 minute, and suffer severe burns within 10 seconds; S306, if 25kw / m 2 <E≤37.5kw / m 2 If so, 100% of the people will die within 1 minute, and 1% of the people will die within 10 seconds; S307, If E > 37.5 kW / m 2 If this happens, 100% of the people will die within 10 seconds.

5. The method for drawing a risk map of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S401. List all possible leaking devices and leak types, and assign a corresponding leak frequency to each leak scenario; S402. The leakage data detected by the UAV is used as input parameters and transmitted to the simulation software for analysis. Real-time meteorological data is read, and the dynamic diffusion range of the combustible gas cloud is calculated according to the leakage data and meteorological data, thereby outputting a gas distribution map. The gas distribution map marks the geographical areas covered by combustible gas clouds of different concentrations.

6. The method for drawing a risk map of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S4 further includes the following steps: S403. Identify all potential ignition sources on the map. For each ignition source... ,like Located within the cloud cluster, spatial efficiency Set it to 1, otherwise set it to 0; S404, Statistics during the duration of the cloud cluster Time in active state and the total duration of the cloud cluster ,according to and Calculate time efficiency ,in .

7. The method for drawing a risk map of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S4 further includes the following steps: S405, Obtain Base ignition probability Then, based on the basic ignition probability Spatial efficiency and time efficiency Calculate Actual ignition probability ,in , Indicates the serial number. Indicates the number of ignition sources.

8. The method for drawing a risk map of hydrogen and other combustible gas areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S501, Utilizing leakage rate and actual ignition probability Calculate the risk coefficient ,in ; S502. Draw the corresponding risk contour lines on the gas distribution map according to the risk coefficient of each potential ignition source.

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