Self-excitation driving type superconducting magnet electric energy storage device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to energy storage equipment, and particularly relates to a self-excitation driving type superconducting magnet electric energy storage device and method. Alternating current loss abnormity caused by local poor flowability is effectively avoided, and the heat management capability of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system is improved. Comprising a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit body, a rotary foundation pillar device, a self-driving rotary chassis device, a base self-driving connecting device, a superconducting protective shell and a self-excitation driving type liquid nitrogen capsule unit body. The base self-driving connecting device is connected with the self-driving rotating chassis device, and the self-excitation driving type liquid nitrogen capsule unit body is arranged in the closed cavity and comprises a liquid nitrogen storage unit, a connecting pipeline and a self-driving sliding nitrogen spraying device. The superconducting magnetic energy storage unit body comprises a sliding rail shell and is arranged on the self-driven rotating chassis device through the sliding rail shell. The self-driven rotating chassis device is provided with a semi-hollow cavity, the semi-hollow cavity provides a directional channel for a nitrogen flow field, and a nozzle of the self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device faces the semi-hollow cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to energy storage equipment, and particularly relates to a self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Superconducting magnetic energy storage technology, as a representative of electromagnetic energy storage, has gradually become one of the key energy storage technologies of the future due to its advantages such as fast response, high conversion efficiency, and long lifespan. However, superconducting magnetic energy storage currently faces many technical challenges, mainly including: AC loss and thermal management, superconducting magnet system design, and quench detection and protection. These three key technical factors greatly limit the rapid development of superconducting energy storage.

[0003] There are currently various superconducting magnetic energy storage technologies, but they also have many shortcomings.

[0004] A ring-shaped superconducting magnetic levitation large-capacity energy storage device (patent number: 202311536839.2) is mainly used to solve the power output fluctuation problem of new energy power generation such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation. However, this patent has problems in terms of AC loss and thermal management: the ring-shaped superconducting magnetic levitation large-capacity energy storage device adopts a complex hybrid energy storage system, which includes multiple components such as a superconducting magnetic levitation device, an axial superconducting protection device, and a radial superconducting protection device. Such components combine the heat source of the alternating magnetic field with a superconductor that is extremely sensitive to temperature, resulting in irreversible and serious problems in AC loss and thermal management of the superconducting magnet. The resulting risk of superconductivity failure cannot be overcome by current technology. The liquid air cooling method proposed in the patent not only cannot achieve precise temperature control, but also exacerbates the complexity and uncertainty of the overall system.

[0005] A high-temperature superconducting energy storage magnet with a hybrid structure (patent number: 202110982993.7) primarily improves the magnet's operating current and energy storage density by embedding a YBCO coil within a MgB2 coil. However, due to the different properties of MgB2 and YBCO materials, defects may appear at their interface, affecting the overall performance stability of the magnet. Furthermore, the overly simplistic mechanical structure design makes the superconducting magnet highly susceptible to structural instability under the inherent thermal and electromagnetic stresses of high-field energy storage magnets. In addition, the patent introduces a magnetic guide ring device, which induces magnetic field delay and eddy current losses, affecting the response speed and efficiency of the superconducting magnet system.

[0006] A photovoltaic-DC hybrid energy storage system and method based on temperature field control technology (patent number: 202110873997) aims to improve the energy storage and response capabilities of photovoltaic power generation systems, reduce costs, and enhance economic efficiency. However, this patent lacks a sufficient safety distance for quench protection. Furthermore, the coupling between the chemically-based lithium battery and the high-energy-density superconducting magnet does not provide adequate safety, thus lacking an effective quench protection method. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device and method. This device and method differ from previous superconducting magnetic energy storage methods in terms of AC loss and thermal management, superconducting magnet system design, and quench detection and protection. It innovatively proposes a design concept for a high-temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage unit, relying on a pressure difference-driven self-driving operation. A circumferential flow zone is formed between the unit and the internally and externally flowing liquid nitrogen, effectively avoiding abnormal AC losses caused by poor flowability and improving the thermal management capability of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device, comprising a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit, a rotating base column device, a self-driven rotating chassis device, a base self-driven connection device, a superconducting protective shell, and a self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit.

[0009] The superconducting protective shell is connected to the self-driven rotating chassis device, together forming a sealed cavity.

[0010] The base self-drive connection device is connected to the self-drive rotating chassis device and is used to provide support for the self-drive rotating chassis device.

[0011] The self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit is disposed in the sealed cavity and includes a liquid nitrogen storage unit, connecting pipes, and a self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device.

[0012] The superconducting magnetic energy storage unit includes a slide rail housing and is mounted on the self-driven rotating chassis device via the slide rail housing.

[0013] The self-driven rotating chassis device is provided with a semi-hollow cavity, which provides a directional channel for the nitrogen flow field, and the nozzle of the self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device is set towards the semi-hollow cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper part of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit is slidably engaged with the outer edge slide rail of the protective shell disposed on the inner wall of the superconducting protective shell, and the lower part of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit is slidably engaged with the upper edge slide rail of the self-driven rotating chassis device disposed on the upper surface of the self-driven rotating chassis device.

[0015] When the self-driven sliding nitrogen injection device injects nitrogen gas directionally into the semi-hollow cavity, an airflow vortex is formed in the directional channel of the semi-hollow cavity, generating tangential thrust. This tangential thrust drives the self-driven rotating chassis device to rotate the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit around the rotating base column device.

[0016] Furthermore, the self-driven rotating chassis device has a semi-hollow structure, and the semi-hollow cavity is formed on the edge of the self-driven rotating chassis device; the semi-hollow cavity has an asymmetrical hollow structure, and its inner wall is provided with a guide slope, which is used to guide the airflow to form a vortex when nitrogen is introduced, thereby generating tangential thrust.

[0017] Furthermore, the nitrogen gas in the self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device originates from a self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit, which vaporizes and expands after being heated, providing a working fluid for spraying.

[0018] Furthermore, the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit also includes: a superconducting coil disposed inside the slide rail housing; a connecting column for fixing the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit to the self-driven rotating chassis device; a liquid nitrogen connection port disposed on the slide rail housing for connecting liquid nitrogen; and an open sliding module that cooperates with the slide rail housing.

[0019] Furthermore, there are two superconducting magnetic energy storage units, which are connected end to end and interconnected, and are symmetrically distributed at the center of the connection point.

[0020] Furthermore, the opening sliding module cooperates with the slide rail housing, enabling the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit to slide along a preset path on the self-driven rotating chassis device.

[0021] Furthermore, the superconducting coil is made of one or more of REBCO, Bi-2223, or MgB2.

[0022] Furthermore, the self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit is vertically arranged within the sealed cavity.

[0023] A method for storing electrical energy in a self-excited superconducting magnet includes the following steps: S1. Input electrical energy into the superconducting coil in the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit, so that the current flows continuously in a zero-resistance state and stores electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field.

[0024] S2. The superconducting magnetic energy storage unit is installed on the self-driven rotating chassis device and arranged around the rotating base column device.

[0025] S3. When the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit experiences a local temperature rise due to thermal disturbance, it triggers the release of nitrogen gas from the self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit.

[0026] S4. The nitrogen gas is directionally injected into the directional channel of the semi-hollow cavity through the self-driven sliding nitrogen injection device, forming an airflow vortex.

[0027] S5. Using the tangential thrust generated by the airflow vortex, the self-driven rotating chassis device drives the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit to continuously rotate around the rotating base device, so as to enhance the liquid nitrogen circulation cooling effect and maintain superconducting stability.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages.

[0029] The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device provided by this invention achieves active rotation and uniform cooling of the superconducting magnet through self-excited liquid nitrogen injection and airflow vortex drive, effectively avoiding local hot spots and abnormal AC losses, and improving thermal management efficiency. It adopts an axisymmetric magnet layout and a non-forced sliding rail connection structure to enhance system mechanical stability and reduce axial electromagnetic interference. The built-in liquid nitrogen capsule and self-excited motion mechanism can automatically enhance local cooling in the event of quench failure, achieving adaptive protection. The overall structure is simple and the modular design reduces initial investment and subsequent maintenance costs while possessing good scalability and applicability to multiple scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0031] Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of the completed assembly of a self-excited superconducting magnetoelectric energy storage device.

[0032] Figure 2 Top view of the superconducting protective shell and self-driving rotating chassis.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a front cross-sectional view of the superconducting protective shell and the self-driving rotating chassis.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram showing the positional relationship between the self-driven rotating chassis, the rotating base column device, and the self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a structural cross-sectional diagram showing the positional relationship between the self-driven rotating chassis, the rotating base column device, and the self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a front view of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit structure.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the back of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit structure.

[0038] Figure 8This is a structural diagram showing the positional relationship of the superconducting coil, connecting column, slide rail shell, liquid nitrogen connection port, and open sliding module inside the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the back of a self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit structure.

[0040] Figure 10 A schematic diagram showing the location of the pipes used for liquid nitrogen storage and connection.

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device.

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of a self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device.

[0043] Figure 13 This is a frontal schematic diagram of the temperature distribution of a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit under operating conditions.

[0044] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the overall temperature distribution of a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit under operating conditions.

[0045] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent elastic strain of a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit under working conditions.

[0046] Figure 16 This is a graph showing the variation of the maximum temperature in the quench state of a superconducting magnetic energy storage tape. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] This invention provides a self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device, such as... Figure 1-16 As shown, it includes: a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1, a rotating base device 2, a self-driven rotating chassis device 3, a superconducting protective shell 4, a self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit 5, and a base self-driven connection device 6. The superconducting protective shell 4 is connected to the self-driven rotating chassis device 3, together forming a sealed cavity; the base self-driven connection device 6 provides a base support for the self-driven rotating chassis device 3.

[0049] like Figure 1 The superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1 includes a superconducting coil 10, a sliding rail housing 11, a liquid nitrogen connection port 12, an open sliding module 13, and a connecting column. The superconducting coil 10 uses one or more superconducting tapes selected from REBCO, Bi-2223, or MgB2. By combining coils with different critical temperatures and mechanical properties, a balance between magnetic field strength and stability under specific operating conditions is achieved.

[0050] In the preferred embodiment, there are two superconducting magnetic energy storage units 1, which are connected end to end and symmetrically distributed at the center point of the connection. This dual-unit architecture achieves equivalent multi-level energy storage through magnetic circuit coupling, which helps to reduce the number of connection nodes and vacuum insulation components.

[0051] The self-driven rotating chassis device 3 has a semi-hollow structure with a semi-hollow cavity 9 on its edge. The semi-hollow cavity 9 has an asymmetrical hollow structure with guide slopes on its inner wall to guide the nitrogen gas flow to form a vortex and generate tangential thrust.

[0052] The self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit 5 is vertically arranged in a sealed cavity, including a liquid nitrogen storage unit 16, a connecting pipe 15, and a self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device 14. The nozzle of the nitrogen spraying device 14 is arranged facing the semi-hollow cavity 9.

[0053] The upper part of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1 is slidably engaged with the outer edge slide 7 of the protective shell provided on the inner wall of the superconducting protective shell 4, and the lower part of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1 is slidably engaged with the upper edge slide 8 of the self-driven rotating chassis device provided on the upper surface of the self-driven rotating chassis device 3.

[0054] Operating Description: The self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit 5 directionally injects nitrogen gas into the semi-hollow cavity 9, creating a pressure difference inside the superconducting protective shell 4. Because the semi-hollow cavity 9 has an asymmetric hollow structure, the nitrogen gas generates a tangential force within it, driving the self-driven rotating chassis device 3 to continuously rotate along the slide rail shell 11, thus achieving self-excited drive. This rotational motion promotes forced convection of liquid nitrogen, resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution on the surface of the superconducting coil, reducing the risk of quench failure due to localized overheating, and improving the nitrogen recycling rate.

[0055] The superconducting protective shell 4 maintains a low-temperature environment, with an operating temperature range of 4.2K to 50K, to meet the critical temperature requirements of different superconducting materials. The device also integrates a built-in quench protection mechanism. When an abnormal increase in local temperature is detected, the self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit 5 automatically increases the nitrogen injection flow rate, triggering a rapid cooling response, slowing down the temperature rise rate, and suppressing quench propagation.

[0056] Example 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment of the self-excited superconducting magnetoelectric energy storage device, during operation, the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1 rotates around the rotating base column device 2 under the drive of the self-driven rotating chassis device 3. Liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage unit 16 is transported to the self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device 14 via the connecting pipe 15. Before spraying, it is vaporized to form nitrogen gas and then sprayed out, creating a pressure difference inside the superconducting protective shell 4. Under the action of superconducting characteristics, this pressure difference drives the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1 to rotate continuously, causing the liquid nitrogen to be evenly distributed inside the shell, so as to maintain the superconducting operating environment temperature within the range of 4.2K–77K.

[0057] In this embodiment, as Figure 13 As shown, the ambient temperature of the device is set to T=50K. REBCO tape is placed inside the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1, and its operating temperature is T=68K. During operation, the liquid nitrogen storage unit 16 releases the working fluid, which is injected by the nitrogen spraying device 14 to generate a pressure difference, driving the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1 to rotate around the rotating base column device 2, with the rotational speed maintained at 0-0.64 r / s.

[0058] Experimental results show that, relying on this self-excited operating mechanism, even if the strip temperature is slightly higher than the environmental setpoint, the system can still maintain stable operation, and the gas nitrogen recycling rate is improved compared with the traditional method.

[0059] Example 2: This example simulates the safety response under quench failure conditions. For example... Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, at t=0.7s, the temperature of the superconducting tape rapidly rises to 84K due to Joule heat accumulation caused by quench failure. At this moment, the superconducting tape has already experienced quench failure, and the maximum current coefficient decreases accordingly, while the thermal deformation gradually increases. The maximum deformation of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit 1 is 0.081mm. The overall trend of the maximum temperature of the superconducting tape shows an initial increase followed by a decrease, and then an increase again. Specifically, from t=0s to t=0.7s, due to the rapid accumulation of Joule heat in the initial stage of quench failure, the maximum temperature of the superconducting tape rapidly rises from 0K to approximately 84K; subsequently, between t=0.7s and t=0.75s, as the cooling system begins to respond and enhances local heat transfer, the temperature in some areas shows a brief downward trend; however, as the quench propagation intensifies, the energy release rate exceeds the cooling capacity, and at t=0.8s, the maximum temperature of the superconducting tape climbs again and reaches a peak of 101K.

[0060] The self-excited superconducting magnetoelectric energy storage device not only provides timely feedback on quench situations, but its integrated active cooling mechanism effectively slows down the rapid temperature rise and significantly suppresses the quench temperature propagation rate. Furthermore, the maximum overall device deformation caused by quench is controlled within 0.081 mm, fully demonstrating the device's thermal safety margin. Its integrated built-in quench protection mechanism design possesses higher structural robustness and operational safety.

[0061] It is understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the present invention to achieve the same technical effect; as long as the use needs are met, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device, characterized in that, It includes a superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1), a rotating base column device (2), a self-driven rotating chassis device (3), a base self-driven connection device (6), a superconducting protective shell (4), and a self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit (5). The superconducting protective shell (4) is connected to the self-driven rotating chassis device (3) to form a sealed cavity together; The base self-driving connection device (6) is connected to the self-driving rotating chassis device (3) and is used to provide support for the self-driving rotating chassis device (3); The self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit (5) is disposed in the sealed cavity and includes a liquid nitrogen storage unit (16), a connecting pipe (15), and a self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device (14). The superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) includes a slide rail housing (11) and is mounted on the self-driving rotating chassis device (3) via the slide rail housing (11); The self-driven rotating chassis device (3) is provided with a semi-hollow cavity (9), which provides a directional channel for the nitrogen flow field, and the nozzle of the self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device (14) is set towards the semi-hollow cavity (9).

2. The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) is slidably engaged with the outer edge slide (7) of the protective shell provided on the inner wall of the superconducting protective shell (4), and the lower part of the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) is slidably engaged with the upper edge slide (8) of the self-driven rotating chassis device provided on the upper surface of the self-driven rotating chassis device (3). When the self-driven sliding nitrogen injection device (14) injects nitrogen gas directionally into the semi-hollow cavity (9), An airflow vortex is formed in the directional channel of the semi-hollow cavity (9), generating tangential thrust. This tangential thrust drives the self-driven rotating chassis device (3) to rotate the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) around the rotating base device (2).

3. The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-driven rotating chassis device (3) is a semi-hollow structure, and the semi-hollow cavity (9) is formed on the edge of the self-driven rotating chassis device (3). The semi-hollow cavity (9) is an asymmetrical hollow structure, and its inner wall is provided with a guide slope, which is used to guide the airflow to form a vortex when nitrogen is introduced, thereby generating tangential thrust.

4. The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nitrogen gas in the self-driven sliding nitrogen spraying device (14) comes from the self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit (5). The liquid nitrogen capsule unit (5) vaporizes and expands after being heated, providing a working medium for spraying.

5. The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) also includes: Superconducting coil (10) disposed inside the slide rail housing (11); Connecting column used to fix the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) to the self-driven rotating chassis device (3); A liquid nitrogen connection port (12) for connecting liquid nitrogen is provided on the slide rail housing (11); and an opening sliding module (13) that cooperates with the slide rail housing (11).

6. The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, There are two superconducting magnetic energy storage units (1). The two superconducting magnetic energy storage units (1) are connected end to end and interconnected, and are symmetrically distributed at the center of the connection point.

7. The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The opening sliding module (13) cooperates with the slide rail housing (11) to enable the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) to slide along a preset path on the self-driven rotating chassis device (3).

8. The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting coil is made of one or more of REBCO, Bi-2223, or MgB2.

9. The self-excited superconducting magnet energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit (5) is vertically arranged in the sealed cavity.

10. A method for storing electrical energy in a self-excited superconducting magnet, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Input electrical energy into the superconducting coil in the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) so that the current flows continuously in a zero-resistance state and stores electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field; S2. Install the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) on the self-driven rotating chassis device (3) and arrange it around the rotating base column device (2); S3. When the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) experiences a local temperature rise due to thermal disturbance, the self-excited liquid nitrogen capsule unit is triggered to release nitrogen gas. S4. The nitrogen gas is directionally injected into the directional channel of the semi-hollow cavity (9) through the self-driven sliding nitrogen injection device (14) to form an airflow vortex; S5. Using the tangential thrust generated by the airflow vortex, drive the self-driven rotating chassis device (3) to drive the superconducting magnetic energy storage unit (1) to rotate continuously around the rotating base device (2) to enhance the liquid nitrogen circulation cooling effect and maintain superconducting stability.

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