High directional radiation antenna structure with adjustable power

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of metamaterial antennas, and provides a directional radiation antenna structure with adjustable power, which aims at solving the problem that the existing beam control or directional diagram reconstruction method generally depends on a mechanical system, a phased array or a reconfigurable metasurface and lacks the capability of dynamically and continuously adjusting the radiation power of a directional antenna on the premise of not changing the beam shape. One end of the metal waveguide A fixes the SMA connector, and the other end is connected with the metal waveguide B; the metal waveguide B is of a cavity structure, an electric regulation and control structure is arranged in an inner cavity of the metal waveguide B. A plurality of openings distributed at equal intervals are formed in the outer side of the emergent face of the metal waveguide C. The resonance characteristic of the electric opening resonance ring is changed by changing capacitance of the variable capacitance diode. The metamaterial antenna with the near-zero dielectric constant can keep high directionality and a stable radiation pattern, and the radiation power of the metamaterial antenna with the near-zero dielectric constant can be remarkably enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metamaterial antennas, and more specifically to a power-adjustable directional radiation antenna structure. Background Technology

[0002] The manipulation of electromagnetic wave radiation is the cornerstone of modern antenna technology. Directional antennas, capable of focusing radiated energy in a specific direction to achieve high gain, are indispensable in applications such as radar systems, satellite communications, and point-to-point links. With the development of wireless systems, the demand for reconfigurable antennas is increasing. Therefore, achieving real-time tunability of directional radiation has become a significant research focus.

[0003] Existing beam control or pattern reconstruction methods typically rely on mechanical systems [1], phased arrays [2], or reconfigurable metasurfaces [3-5]. While these methods can effectively control the radiation direction or form multiple beams, they generally lack the ability to dynamically and continuously adjust the radiated power of a directional antenna without changing the beam shape. Other strategies, such as integrating 3D-printed gradient-index lenses [6-8] or using actively tuned radiators [9-11], have also failed to achieve efficient and direct control over the radiated power of a fixed, highly directional beam.

[0004] In recent years, near-zero dielectric metamaterials have become a powerful platform for manipulating electromagnetic waves [12, 13]. In ENZ media, the phase velocity tends to infinity, and the wavelength is greatly stretched, resulting in remarkable phenomena such as uniform phase distribution and highly directional radiation [14-16]. These properties have inspired a new class of ENZ-based antennas [17-19]. For example, ENZ channels have been used to achieve impedance matching for omnidirectional antennas

[17] ; ENZ resonators have been shown to have resonant frequencies independent of their physical length

[18] ; and flexible wavefront shaping has been achieved using ENZ media

[19] . Despite these significant advances, dynamic tuning of the radiated power of such ENZ-based directional antennas remains a major challenge because their operating state is essentially static after fabrication.

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[17] Xian S, Peng J, Pandey H, et al. Robust Metal–Organic Frameworkswith High Industrial Applicability in Efficient Recovery of C3H8 and C2H6 from Natural Gas Upgrading [J]. Engineering, 2023, 23 56–63.

[18] Li Y, Engheta N. Supercoupling of surface waves with ε -near-zerometastructures [J]. Physical Review B, 2014, 90(20): 201107.

[19] Li Y, Liberal I, Della Giovampaola C, et al. Waveguidemetatronics: Lumped circuitry based on structural dispersion [J]. Science Advances, 2016, 2(6): e1501790. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an adjustable directional antenna structure based on near-zero dielectric metamaterials. This invention is mainly used to achieve the control of the radiation performance of directional antennas, solving the problem that existing technologies cannot dynamically control the radiation of directional antennas made of near-zero dielectric metamaterials.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An adjustable directional radiation antenna structure based on a near-zero dielectric metamaterial includes metal waveguides A, B, and C for energy transmission, and an electrical control structure for adjusting the radiated power of the directional antenna. One end of metal waveguide A is fixed to an SMA connector, and the other end is connected to metal waveguide B. Metal waveguide B is a cavity structure, and the electrical control structure is set inside the cavity of metal waveguide B. The front of the electrical control structure faces the SMA connector and is parallel to the connection surface of metal waveguide A and metal waveguide B. Metal waveguide C is set at the end of metal waveguide B away from metal waveguide A. Several equally spaced openings are set on the outer side of the emitting surface of metal waveguide C. Metal waveguides B and C are made of the same material.

[0008] Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the filling material inside the metal waveguide A ranges from 2 to 2.1, the height is 0.5λ, and the width is 0.19λ, where λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0009] Furthermore, the height of the metal waveguide B is 0.5λ, and the cavity is filled with air.

[0010] Furthermore, the metal waveguide C has a cavity structure, with air filling the cavity. Its height is the same as that of the metal waveguide B, the width of the opening is 1 mm, and the spacing between adjacent openings ranges from 0.5λ to λ.

[0011] Furthermore, the electro-regulating structure is located on the front side of the substrate at a 2 The electrical open-loop resonant ring unit consists of four periodically arranged load varactor diodes. Two feed lines are provided on the reverse side of the substrate, which are respectively connected to the positive and negative feed cables.

[0012] Furthermore, the substrate uses Tecumseh TLY-5 high-frequency board with a dielectric constant of 2.2.

[0013] In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes an electrically modulated structure as a photonic dopant, placed within the cavity of a near-zero dielectric metamaterial antenna. By altering the capacitance of a varactor diode, the resonant characteristics of the electrically open resonant ring are changed. According to photonic doping theory, the equivalent permeability of the entire near-zero dielectric metamaterial antenna cavity also changes accordingly. Dynamic control of the antenna's radiated power can be achieved through an applied voltage, while maintaining high directional radiation. This demonstrates that directional radiation power can be dynamically adjusted by regulating the capacitor through an applied voltage. Furthermore, the near-zero dielectric metamaterial antenna maintains its high directionality and stable radiation pattern under different tuning states. This invention significantly enhances the radiated power of near-zero dielectric metamaterial antennas and has important applications in high-efficiency directional communication, radar detection, and phased array antennas. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an adjustable directional antenna structure based on a near-zero dielectric constant metamaterial, provided by the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical control structure used in this invention to regulate the radiated power of a directional antenna.

[0016] Figure 3 To adjust the effect of the load capacitance of the electrically open resonant ring on the radiated power of the directional antenna.

[0017] In the figure, 1. Metal waveguide A, 2. Metal waveguide B, 3. Electrically controlled structure, 4. Metal waveguide C, 5. SMA connector. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] It should be noted that, for ease of description, the descriptions of direction in the following text are consistent with the directions in the accompanying drawings, but they do not limit the structure of the present invention.

[0020] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this invention discloses an adjustable directional radiation antenna structure based on a near-zero dielectric metamaterial, including metal waveguides A1, B2, and C4 for energy transmission, and an electrical control structure 3 for adjusting the directional antenna radiation power. One end of metal waveguide A1 is fixed to an SMA connector 5, and the other end is connected to metal waveguide B2. Metal waveguide B2 is a cavity structure with a height of 0.5λ, and the cavity is filled with air. Figure 1 While keeping the cross-sectional area of ​​the XOY plane constant, any shape can be selected. An electrically controlled structure 3 is set inside the cavity of the metal waveguide B2. The metal waveguide B2 has a structure within the cavity for placing the electrically controlled structure 3. The front side of the electrically controlled structure 3 faces the SMA connector 5 and is parallel to the connection surface of the metal waveguide A1 and the metal waveguide B2. Figure 1 As shown, the electrically controlled structure can only resonate when an electromagnetic wave in the y-direction is incident on its front side. Metal waveguide C4 is positioned at the end of metal waveguide B2 furthest from metal waveguide A1. Several equally spaced openings are arranged on the outer side of the exit surface of metal waveguide C4. Metal waveguides B2 and C4 are made of the same material, a good conductor metal. Metal waveguide C4 is a cavity structure filled with air, with the same height as metal waveguide B2. The width of the openings is 1 mm, and the spacing between adjacent openings ranges from 0.5λ to λ. The dielectric constant of the material filling metal waveguide A1 ranges from 2 to 2.1, and its length can be adjusted according to actual needs. Its height is 0.5λ, and its width is 0.19λ, where λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0021] The electrically controlled structure 3 is located on the front side of the substrate at a distance of 2... The circuit consists of four periodically arranged load varactor diodes in an open-circuit resonant ring (ESRR) unit. The ESRR unit is a structure on the front side of the board designed to generate electrical resonance. This resonant structure is the overall structure of the circuit board. Two feed lines are located on the back of the substrate, connecting to the positive and negative feed cables respectively. The substrate uses a Tecumseh TLY-5 high-frequency board with a dielectric constant of 2.2.

[0022] Example: To verify the effectiveness of this invention, an electromagnetic numerical simulation was performed in this embodiment. In the numerical simulation, a dimension of 400 mm was set. 481 mm A 26 mm air region was used as the simulation area, and a TE at a frequency of 5.77 GHz was applied. 10 Mode electromagnetic waves. Utilizing, for example... Figure 1 The adjustable directional radiation antenna structure shown has a metal waveguide A1 made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a dielectric constant of 2.1 and a size of 60 mm. 10 mm The internal height of both metal waveguides B2 and C3 is 26 mm. The antenna operates at a frequency of 5.77 GHz, corresponding to a wavelength of 52 mm. Based on the waveguide ENZ design principle, the antenna height of 26 mm is half the wavelength to achieve a near-zero equivalent dielectric constant. On the emitting surface of metal waveguide C3, 19 openings, each 20 mm high and 1 mm wide, are evenly spaced at 0.5 wavelength intervals (26 mm spacing) to achieve impedance matching between the antenna and free space.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the electro-regulating structure is formed by 2... The unit consists of four periodically arranged varactor diodes in an electrically open resonant ring. The substrate is a Taconic TLY-5 high-frequency board with a dielectric constant of 2.2. The top layer contains the resonant structure and varactor diodes, while the bottom layer contains the corresponding circuitry and current-limiting resistors. The board size is 60 mm. 1 mm 26 mm. By adjusting the capacitance of the varactor diode loaded on the electrically open resonant ring, the radiation characteristics of the directional antenna change significantly. When the capacitance of the varactor diode is changed, as the capacitance increases, the antenna's power enhancement effect first increases and then decreases, while the present invention still maintains good high directivity. Figure 3 To adjust the capacitance value between 1.9 pF and 3.1 pF, the corresponding radiated power was compared with that without the electrical control structure. When the capacitance value of the varactor diode was 2.2 - 3.1 pF, the radiation enhancement effect of the antenna was significant.

[0024] This invention adjusts the directional radiation power of a metamaterial antenna and maintains its high directivity. Metal waveguide A1 is filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and tightly wrapped with copper foil, enabling precise directional guidance of electromagnetic waves. Metal waveguide B2, the main body of the overall structure, is filled with air and houses an electrically resonant open-loop circuit with loaded varactor diodes, protecting critical internal components of the metamaterial while preventing external interference with target radiation. The electrical control structure consists of periodically arranged electrically resonant open-loop circuits with loaded varactor diodes on a TLY-5 high-frequency board. Dynamic control of the antenna's radiation power is achieved by adjusting the capacitance of the varactor diodes using an applied voltage. Metal waveguide C4 ensures good impedance matching between the antenna and free space. This invention has important applications in high-efficiency directional communication, radar detection, and phased array antennas.

[0025] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunable directional radiation antenna structure based on a near-zero dielectric metamaterial, characterized in that, The device includes a metal waveguide A (1), a metal waveguide B (2), and a metal waveguide C (4) for transmitting energy, and an electrical control structure (3) for controlling the radiation power of the directional antenna. One end of the metal waveguide A (1) is fixed with an SMA connector (5), and the other end is connected to the metal waveguide B (2). The metal waveguide B (2) is a cavity structure. The electrical control structure (3) is set in the cavity of the metal waveguide B (2). The front of the electrical control structure (3) faces the SMA connector (5) and is parallel to the connection surface of the metal waveguide A (1) and the metal waveguide B (2). The end of the metal waveguide B (2) away from the metal waveguide A (1) is provided with the metal waveguide C (4). Several equally spaced openings are provided on the outer side of the exit surface of the metal waveguide C (4). The metal waveguide B (2) and the metal waveguide C (4) are made of the same material.

2. The adjustable directional radiation antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric constant of the filling material inside the metal waveguide A (1) is in the range of 2~2.1, the height is 0.5λ, and the width is 0.19λ, where λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

3. The adjustable directional radiation antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal waveguide B(2) has a height of 0.5λ and the cavity is filled with air.

4. The adjustable directional radiation antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal waveguide C (4) is a cavity structure, the cavity is filled with air, the height is the same as that of the metal waveguide B (2), the width of the opening is 1 mm, and the spacing between adjacent openings is 0.5λ~λ.

5. The adjustable directional radiation antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrically controlled structure (3) is located on the front side of the substrate at a distance of 2... The electrical open-loop resonant ring unit consists of four periodically arranged load varactor diodes. Two feed lines are provided on the reverse side of the substrate, which are respectively connected to the positive and negative feed cables.

6. The adjustable directional radiation antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The substrate used is a Tecumseh TLY-5 high-frequency board with a dielectric constant of 2.2.

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