Heterogeneous millimeter wave patch antenna with reconfigurable polarization

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of millimeter wave antennas, and particularly relates to a polarization reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter wave patch antenna. The antenna is composed of two patch antennas with different polarization directions, one polarization direction is a slot excitation patch antenna, the slot excitation patch antenna is fed through a microstrip line, then the microstrip line is utilized to excite a slot in a second metal layer, and then a first patch of a first metal layer is excited through the slot to carry out radiation. An electromagnetic dipole antenna is arranged in the other polarization direction, the electromagnetic dipole antenna is directly connected with the second patch to form an electric dipole after being fed by a microstrip line, four rectangular patches with larger sizes are arranged around the second patch, and the four rectangular patches are connected with the bottom layer ground to form a magnetic dipole. In order to realize switching of different polarization branches, two diodes are installed on the two branches and the main feed branch, and forward bias voltage or reverse bias voltage is applied to the diodes to control on-off of the branches. Through the heterogeneous design of the antenna, the mutual interference between branches is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electronic technology, and in particular relates to a polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization in my country and the continuous increase in urban building density, the electromagnetic propagation environment in central urban areas is becoming increasingly complex. Multipath effects and building obstruction significantly degrade signal propagation quality, leading to a substantial reduction in coverage. Notably, Professor Vaughan's research as early as 1990 demonstrated that dual-polarized antennas can effectively reduce signal propagation loss in complex urban electromagnetic environments. This discovery is particularly important for millimeter-wave communication because millimeter waves have short wavelengths and limited diffraction capabilities, making the research on multi-polarized and polarization-tunable antenna technologies of significant value. Furthermore, multi-polarized antennas can utilize polarization diversity in communication to enhance system capacity and reduce polarization loss.

[0003] Currently, the industry utilizes PIN diodes, varactor diodes, microwave switches, mechanical switches, and antenna rotation to achieve antenna polarization switching. However, in the millimeter-wave band, significant inter-branch interference and severe cross-polarization remain problems. The reason for this is that previous research often used the same or similar antenna structures in different polarization branches. Since electromagnetic waves, after radiation, often couple to the antenna with the disconnected branch, this excites strong parasitic radiation on that antenna, leading to strong cross-polarization radiation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna, thereby suppressing parasitic radiation caused by electromagnetic waves on cross-polarized branches.

[0005] The first object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna, comprising a stacked structure composed of a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, and a third metal layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom. A slot-excited patch antenna and an electromagnetic dipole antenna are provided in the stacked structure; the slot-excited patch antenna is fed through a first microstrip line in the third metal layer, the microstrip line is used to excite a slot in the second metal layer, and further radiates through the slot exciting a first patch in the first metal layer; the electromagnetic dipole antenna is directly connected to a second patch of the first metal layer after being fed through a second microstrip line in the third metal layer to form an electric dipole. Parasitic patches are arranged around the second patch, and the parasitic patches are connected to the third metal layer through vias to form a magnetic dipole; the slot-excited patch antenna is connected to the main feed branch on the third metal layer through a first diode, the electromagnetic dipole antenna is connected to the main feed branch on the third metal layer through a second diode, and the main feed branch is connected to an external coaxial connector.

[0006] Preferably, a DC grounding bias structure is connected to the main feed branch.

[0007] Preferably, the first patch is of a circular or rectangular structure, the second patch is of a strip structure, and the parasitic patches are of a rectangular structure.

[0008] Preferably, the interval between each parasitic patch and the second patch is 0.2 mm. The second patch is connected to the third metal layer through a first via, and each parasitic patch is connected to the third metal layer through seven second vias.

[0009] Preferably, a rectangular slot and a "convex" shaped slot are opened on the second metal layer. The rectangular slot is located below the first patch, and the "convex" shaped slot is located below the second patch.

[0010] Preferably, the third metal layer further设有 a slot-excited patch antenna bias structure and an electromagnetic dipole antenna diode bias structure.

[0011] Preferably, a first fan-shaped structure is provided at one end of the first microstrip line of the slot-excited patch antenna away from the first diode, a second fan-shaped structure is provided at one end of the second microstrip line of the electromagnetic dipole antenna away from the second diode, and a third fan-shaped structure is provided at the connection of the main feed branch to the first diode and the second diode. The setting of the three fan-shaped structures can ensure that the DC access point is equivalent to a ground short circuit in the millimeter-wave frequency band, thereby avoiding the influence of the DC voltage access on the performance of the antenna.

[0012] Preferably, a +5V input is connected to the first fan-shaped structure, and a -5V input is connected to the second fan-shaped structure. It should be noted that there is a misspelling in the original text. In the sentence "Preferably, the third metal layer further设有 a slot-excited patch antenna bias structure and an electromagnetic dipole antenna diode bias structure.", "设有" should be "设有". I have translated it as "设有" in the translation for consistency with the original text. If this is a known error in the original text, it may need to be corrected in the source material.

[0013] Preferably, both the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are made of Rogers RT5880 material, and their thickness is 0.2 mm - 3 mm.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. The interference between branches is small, the cross-polarization is small, and the parasitic radiation caused by electromagnetic waves on the cross-polarized branch is well suppressed.

[0016] 2. The antenna size is reduced, and the area utilization rate is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first metal layer (patch layer) of the polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second metal layer (slot layer) of the polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the third metal layer (feeding layer) of the polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the switching of different antenna branches of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the detailed dimensions of the feeding layer of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It is the simulation result of the polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure, 100, slot-excited patch antenna; 101, first microstrip line; 102, rectangular slot; 103, first patch; 104, first diode; 105, slot-excited patch antenna biasing structure; 106, first fan-shaped structure;

[0025] 200, electromagnetic dipole antenna; 201, second microstrip line; 202, "convex"-shaped slot; 203, second patch; 204, parasitic patch; 205, second diode; 206, first through-hole; 207, second through-hole; 208, electromagnetic dipole antenna diode biasing structure; 209, second fan-shaped structure;

[0026] 300. Main power supply branch; 301. DC grounding bias structure; 302. Third sector structure;

[0027] 400. External coaxial connector. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0030] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0032] like Figures 1-4As shown, the polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna provided in this embodiment includes a stacked structure consisting of a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, and a third metal layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The stacked structure contains a slot-excited patch antenna 100 and an electromagnetic dipole antenna 200. The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both made of Rogers RT5880 material with a thickness of 0.2 mm - 3 mm. The slot-excited patch antenna 100 is fed through a first microstrip line 101 in the third metal layer, and uses the microstrip line to excite a rectangular slot 102 in the second metal layer, which in turn excites a first patch 103 in the first metal layer for radiation. The electromagnetic dipole antenna 200 is fed through a second microstrip line 201 in the third metal layer and is directly connected to a second patch 203 in the first metal layer to form an electric dipole. Parasitic patches 204 are arranged around the second patch 203, and the parasitic patches 204 are connected to the third metal layer to form a magnetic dipole. The slot-excited patch antenna 100 is connected to the main feed branch 300 on the third metal layer through a first diode 104, and the electromagnetic dipole antenna 200 is connected to the main feed branch 300 on the third metal layer through a second diode 205. The main feed branch 300 is connected to an external coaxial connector 400.

[0033] See Figure 2 The figure illustrates the specific structure in the first metal layer, wherein the first patch 103 of the slot-excited patch antenna 100 is a circular structure with a radius of 1 mm to 10 mm. In other embodiments of the present invention, the first patch 103 may also be a rectangular structure. When a rectangular structure is used, the width of the first patch 103 is 1 mm to 10 mm and the length is 1 mm to 10 mm.

[0034] The second patch 203 has a long strip structure, and the parasitic patch 204 has a rectangular structure. The spacing between each parasitic patch 204 and the second patch 203 is 0.2 mm. The width of the second patch 203 is 0.2 mm - 1 mm, and the length is 0.2 mm - 10 mm; the width of the parasitic patch 204 is 0.2 mm - 10 mm, and the length is 0.2 mm - 10 mm. The second patch 203 is connected to the third metal layer through a first through-hole 206 with a diameter of 0.3 mm. Each parasitic patch 204 is connected to the third metal layer through seven second through-holes 207 with a diameter of 0.2 mm. The first patch 103, the second patch 203, and the parasitic patch 204 are all made of copper foil with a thickness of 0.035 mm.

[0035] See Figure 3, The figure shows the second metal layer constituting the antenna of the present invention, and a "convex"-shaped slot 202 is also provided on the second metal layer. The rectangular slot 102 is located below the first patch 103, and the first microstrip line 101 excites the first patch 103 through the rectangular slot 102. The width of the rectangular slot 102 is 1 mm - 10 mm, and the length is 0.1 mm - 10 mm. The "convex"-shaped slot 202 is located below the second patch 203. The "convex"-shaped slot 202 ensures that the through-hole connecting the central patch and the feeder does not short-circuit with the grounding structure and ensures that the characteristic impedance of the feeder does not change.

[0036] See Figure 4 、 Figure 5 , The third metal layer is further provided with a slot-excited patch antenna bias structure 105 and an electromagnetic dipole antenna diode bias structure 208. A DC grounding bias structure 301 is connected to the main feeding branch 300. One end of the first microstrip line 101 of the slot-excited patch antenna 100 far from the first diode 104 is provided with a first fan-shaped structure 106. One end of the second microstrip line 201 of the electromagnetic dipole antenna 200 far from the second diode 205 is provided with a second fan-shaped structure 209. A third fan-shaped structure 302 is provided at the connection of the main feeding branch 300 with the first diode 104 and the second diode 205. The setting of the three fan-shaped structures can ensure that the DC access point is equivalent to a ground short circuit in the millimeter-wave band, thereby avoiding the influence of the access of the DC voltage on the performance of the antenna. A +5V input is connected to the first fan-shaped structure 106, and a -5V input is connected to the second fan-shaped structure 209, so as to realize the on-off switching control of different branches. Each fan-shaped structure is grounded to realize a voltage difference at both ends of the diode. The opening and closing angles of each fan-shaped structure are 10 degrees - 180 degrees, and the radius is 0.1 mm - 10 mm.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the specific dimensional parameters of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] The polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna proposed by the present invention has an operating frequency of 23.5 GHz to 29 GHz, and an overall size of 42 × 42 × 1.2 mm ,

[0041] Length × width × height.

[0039] In the first metal layer, the size of the first patch 103 is: the radius is 2.3 mm; the size of the second patch 203 is 2.6 mm × 0.5 mm, and the size of the parasitic patch 204 is 2.3 mm × 2.2 mm.

[0040] In the second metal layer, the size of the "convex"-shaped slot 202 is: 3.0 mm × 3.0 mm and 1.5 mm × 2 mm; the size of the rectangular slot 102 is 5 mm × 0.4 mm.

[0041] See Figure 6 The specific dimensional parameters of each structure in the third metal layer are as follows: L1=8.9mm, L2=3.5mm, L3=2.1mm, L4=3.7mm, L5=3.3mm, L6=9.2mm, L7=3.1mm, W1=0.8mm, W2=0.5mm, W3=3.5mm, W4=0.3mm, W5=0.5mm, W6=1.3mm, R1=1.9mm, R2=1.8mm, R3=2.2mm.

[0042] See Figure 7 Simulations were performed using full-wave simulation software. The simulation results show that the operating bandwidth of the electromagnetic dipole branch V-Pol. is 23.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz, reaching 6.0 GHz. The operating bandwidth of the slot patch branch H-Pol. is 24.2 GHz to 24.7 GHz and 28.1 GHz to 28.6 GHz, with an operating bandwidth of 1 GHz. The technical solution of this invention is not limited to the specific examples mentioned above. For instance, the operating frequency band of this invention is 23.5 GHz to 29 GHz, and changing the size can make it applicable to other microwave and millimeter-wave bands.

[0043] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna, characterized in that, It includes a stacked structure composed of a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, and a third metal layer arranged from top to bottom in sequence. A slot-excited patch antenna (100) and an electromagnetic dipole antenna (200) are provided in the stacked structure. The slot-excited patch antenna (100) is fed through a first microstrip line (101) in the third metal layer, uses the microstrip line to excite a rectangular slot (102) in the second metal layer, and further radiates through the rectangular slot (102) to excite a first patch (103) in the first metal layer. The electromagnetic dipole antenna (200) is directly connected to a second patch (203) of the first metal layer to form an electric dipole after being fed through a second microstrip line (201) in the third metal layer. Parasitic patches (204) are arranged around the second patch (203), and the parasitic patches (204) are connected to the third metal layer to form a magnetic dipole. The slot-excited patch antenna (100) is connected to the main feed branch (300) on the third metal layer through a first diode (104), and the electromagnetic dipole antenna (200) is connected to the main feed branch (300) on the third metal layer through a second diode (205). The main feed branch (300) is connected to an external coaxial connector (400).

2. The polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, A DC ground bias structure (301) is connected to the main feed branch (300).

3. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first patch (103) is of a circular or rectangular structure, the second patch (203) is of a strip-shaped structure, and the parasitic patch (204) is of a rectangular structure.

4. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first patch (103), the second patch (203), and the parasitic patch (204) are all made of copper foil.

5. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The interval between each of the parasitic patches (204) and the second patch (203) is 0.2 mm. The second patch (203) is connected to the third metal layer through a first through-hole (206), and each parasitic patch (204) is connected to the third metal layer through seven second through-holes (207).

6. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A "convex"-shaped slot (202) is also opened on the second metal layer. The rectangular slot (102) is located below the first patch (103), and the "convex"-shaped slot (202) is located below the second patch (203).

7. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The third metal layer also has a slot-excited patch antenna bias structure (105) and an electromagnetic dipole antenna diode bias structure (208).

8. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first microstrip line (101) of the slot-excited patch antenna (100) has a first sector structure (106) at the end away from the first diode (104), and the second microstrip line (201) of the electromagnetic dipole antenna (200) has a second sector structure (209) at the end away from the second diode (205). A third sector structure (302) is provided at the connection point between the main feed branch (300) and the first diode (104) and the second diode (205). The arrangement of these three sector structures ensures that the DC access point is effectively short-circuited to ground in the millimeter-wave band, thereby preventing the DC voltage from affecting the antenna's performance.

9. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first sector structure (106) is connected to a +5V input, and the second sector structure (209) is connected to a -5V input.

10. A polarization-reconfigurable heterogeneous millimeter-wave patch antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both the first and second dielectric layers are made of Rogers RT5880 material with a thickness of 0.2 mm - 3 mm.

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