Optimization control method and device applied to super capacitor starting power supply system

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization control method and device applied to a super-capacitor starting power supply system, and relates to the technical field of power supply control. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring starting precursor characteristics, a first state parameter of a super capacitor, a second state parameter of a lead-acid battery and a bus parameter of a super capacitor starting power supply system in multiple dimensions; and then, inputting the multi-dimensional coupling state parameters into a pre-trained target control model to obtain a linkage control instruction comprising a pre-judgment instruction, an execution instruction and a power supply instruction. And the full scenes of the super-capacitor starting power supply system before starting, during starting and standby are covered. And on the basis of the linkage control instruction, a linkage start control parameter, a linkage operation control parameter and a linkage electricity supplement control parameter are adjusted in a targeted manner. The structural advantages of a parallel power supply loop formed by dynamically regulating and controlling the super capacitor and the lead-acid battery are fully exerted, and cooperative protection and efficient operation of the super capacitor and the lead-acid battery are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power control technology, specifically to an optimized control method and device for a supercapacitor startup power supply system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of vehicle starting power supplies, supercapacitors, due to their high power density, rapid charging and discharging, and long cycle life, are often combined with lead-acid batteries to form hybrid starting power systems. This is to cope with the instantaneous high current demands of the starter motor and alleviate the problem of heavy-load damage to lead-acid batteries. However, the control methods of traditional supercapacitor starting power systems are usually rigid and fixed control logic, which can easily lead to insufficient protection of lead-acid batteries and low starting reliability in various scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an optimized control method and device for supercapacitor starting power supply systems, in order to solve the problem that traditional control methods for supercapacitor starting power supply systems are difficult to balance lead-acid battery protection and reliable starting in multiple scenarios.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides an optimized control method for a supercapacitor starting power supply system. The supercapacitor starting power supply system includes a supercapacitor, a lead-acid battery, a starter motor, and a controller. The supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery are connected in parallel to form a dynamically adjustable parallel power supply circuit. The parallel power supply circuit is connected to the starter motor. The optimized control method includes: Real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional coupled state parameters collected by sensors, including vehicle start-up precursor characteristics, first state parameters of supercapacitor, bus parameters of supercapacitor start-up power system, and second state parameters of lead-acid battery. The multi-dimensional coupled state parameters are input into the pre-trained target control model to obtain the linkage control command corresponding to the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters. The linkage control command includes a prediction command, an execution command, and a power replenishment command. The target control model is used to perform multi-factor coupling analysis and collaborative decision-making. Based on the linkage control command, the linkage configuration parameters of the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery are adjusted. The linkage configuration parameters include linkage start control parameters, linkage operation control parameters, and linkage charging control parameters.

[0005] A second aspect of this application provides an optimized control device for a supercapacitor starting power supply system. The supercapacitor starting power supply system includes a supercapacitor, a lead-acid battery, a starter motor, and a controller. The supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery are connected in parallel to form a dynamically adjustable parallel power supply circuit. The parallel power supply circuit is connected to the starter motor. The optimized control method includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire multi-dimensional coupled state parameters collected by the sensors in real time. The multi-dimensional coupled state parameters include vehicle start-up precursor characteristics, first state parameters of the supercapacitor, bus parameters of the supercapacitor start-up power system, and second state parameters of the lead-acid battery. The generation module is used to input the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters into the pre-trained target control model to obtain the linkage control command corresponding to the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters. The linkage control command includes a prediction command, an execution command, and a power replenishment command. The target control model is used to perform multi-factor coupling analysis and collaborative decision-making. The adjustment module is used to adjust the linkage configuration parameters of the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery based on the linkage control command. The linkage configuration parameters include linkage start control parameters, linkage operation control parameters, and linkage charging control parameters.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this application are: This application firstly collects pre-startup characteristics, first-state parameters of the supercapacitor, second-state parameters of the lead-acid battery, and bus parameters of the supercapacitor startup power supply system from multiple dimensions, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-parameter collection. It can capture the startup intention in advance, and simultaneously grasp the test conditions of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery, as well as monitor the operating status of the system, laying a complete data foundation for subsequent decision-making.

[0007] Then, the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters are input into the pre-trained target control model to obtain a series of coordinated control commands, including prediction commands, execution commands, and power replenishment commands. This covers all scenarios of the supercapacitor starting power supply system before startup, during startup, and in standby mode. Prediction commands can reduce the impact on the lead-acid battery during the initial startup phase, while execution commands can adapt to real-time operating conditions during startup, reducing situations of insufficient power or overload. Power replenishment commands can address the state changes of both components during standby, reducing the risk of supercapacitor self-discharge failure or excessive lead-acid battery power consumption.

[0008] Next, based on the linkage control commands, the linkage start-up control parameters, linkage operation control parameters, and linkage power replenishment control parameters are adjusted specifically, breaking the limitations of traditional fixed parameters. During the start-up phase, the lead-acid battery is protected; during the operation phase, the system dynamically adapts to the operating conditions to ensure stable start-up. Furthermore, during the power replenishment phase, dual device states can be matched, balancing energy saving and device availability, fully leveraging the structural advantages of the dynamically controlled parallel power supply circuit to achieve coordinated protection and efficient operation of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery.

[0009] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an optimized control method for a supercapacitor startup power supply system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an optimized control method for a supercapacitor startup power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an optimized control device for a supercapacitor startup power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0011] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Supercapacitor starting power supply system; 11. Supercapacitor; 12. Lead-acid battery; 13. Starter motor; 14. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0013] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Details are set forth in the following description for illustrative purposes. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that this application can be implemented without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes will not be described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but rather to be consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an optimized control method for a supercapacitor startup power supply system provided in this application embodiment. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the optimized control method applied to the supercapacitor starting power supply system is applied to supercapacitor starting power supply system 1. Supercapacitor starting power supply system 1 may include a supercapacitor 11, a lead-acid battery 12, a starter motor 13, and a controller 14. The supercapacitor 11 and the lead-acid battery 12 are connected in parallel to form a dynamically adjustable parallel power supply circuit, which is connected to the starter motor 13. Specifically, the positive terminals of both the supercapacitor 11 and the lead-acid battery 12 are connected to the supercapacitor starting power supply system bus, and their negative terminals are connected to the system ground. A relay matrix controlled by the controller 14 is integrated in the circuit, which can adjust the power supply status of both in real time. The output terminal of this parallel power supply circuit is directly connected to the power input terminal of the starter motor 13, and can dynamically allocate the discharge load of the supercapacitor 11 and the lead-acid battery 12 according to the real-time power demand of the starter motor 13, ensuring that the starter motor 13 receives stable power.

[0015] The controller is the core control unit of the supercapacitor starting power supply 1, and it is connected to the supercapacitor 11, the lead-acid battery 12, and the starter motor 13. Specifically, the controller 14 is connected to the supercapacitor 11, the lead-acid battery 12, the starter motor 13, and the system bus through sensors, enabling real-time acquisition of parameters from multiple dimensions. The output of the controller 14 is connected to the relay matrix in the parallel power supply circuit, the compensation module of the supercapacitor 11, and the circuit protection module of the lead-acid battery 12. It can control the operation of each module through output signals, realizing dynamic regulation of the dual power sources.

[0016] In this embodiment, the supercapacitor 11 and the lead-acid battery 12 are connected in parallel to form a dynamically adjustable parallel power supply circuit. Compared with the traditional fixed connection that is not adjustable, the timing of intervention and load ratio of the two power sources can be adjusted in real time according to the working conditions, thereby extending the life of the lead-acid battery and reducing the ineffective energy consumption of the supercapacitor.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an optimized control method for a supercapacitor startup power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, this method can execute steps 201-203 through the controller 14 described above, which will be described in detail below.

[0018] Step 201: Real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional coupled state parameters collected by sensors. The multi-dimensional coupled state parameters include vehicle start-up precursor characteristics, first state parameters of the supercapacitor, bus parameters of the supercapacitor start-up power system, and second state parameters of the lead-acid battery.

[0019] Multi-dimensional coupled state parameters are obtained by integrating data from multiple dimensions of the starting intention, the two devices (i.e., the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery), and system operation. During data acquisition, parameters are not recorded in isolation but are associated with and stored using timestamps and multiple parameter combinations, providing correlated data for subsequent multi-factor coupling analysis. The pre-starting characteristics of the vehicle are pre-starting signals before the starter motor officially begins operation. The first state parameter of the supercapacitor reflects its working capability. The bus parameters of the supercapacitor starting power supply system reflect the operating status of the power supply circuit. The second state parameter of the lead-acid battery evaluates its health and power supply capacity.

[0020] In one example, comprehensive data acquisition can be achieved based on multiple types of specialized sensors, with each sensor's function corresponding to the data acquisition object. For instance, an ignition signal sensor can be installed at the vehicle's ignition switch to acquire the ignition switch signal and capture the real-time level transition from off to on. A temperature sensor can be placed close to the core heat-generating area of ​​the supercapacitor to acquire the temperature of the target area of ​​the supercapacitor. A Hall current sensor is connected in series between the starter motor pre-supply circuit and the system bus to acquire the peak current of the starter motor pre-supply circuit and the system discharge current, respectively. Voltage sensors are connected in parallel to the positive and negative terminals of the lead-acid battery and both ends of the system bus to acquire the lead-acid battery terminal voltage and the system bus voltage, and the voltage change rate algorithm can be used to calculate the slope of the lead-acid battery voltage jump.

[0021] Compared to the traditional method of storing parameters in isolation, which makes it difficult to analyze the causal relationships between parameters, the embodiments of this application lay the foundation for precise control by coupling the collected parameters.

[0022] Step 202: Input the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters into the pre-trained target control model to obtain the linkage control command corresponding to the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters.

[0023] The target control model is an artificial intelligence (AI) model with multi-factor coupling analysis and collaborative decision-making capabilities. Through pre-training, it learns the correspondence between parameter combinations and control strategies in different scenarios, enabling multi-factor coupling analysis and collaborative decision-making. Multi-factor coupling analysis simultaneously analyzes the interrelationships of parameters across multiple dimensions, rather than judging a single parameter in isolation, ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the decision.

[0024] The linkage control commands can include prediction commands, execution commands, and power replenishment commands. Prediction commands are activation commands generated by the target control model before the starter motor officially starts operating. They are used to activate the supercapacitor discharge circuit in advance, preparing for startup and reducing the impact of instantaneous high current surges on the lead-acid battery during the initial startup phase. Execution commands are dynamic adaptation commands generated by the target control model during starter motor operation. They are used to adjust the discharge parameters of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery for various startup scenarios, balancing startup stability and device safety. Power replenishment commands are power-preserving commands generated by the target control model when the system is in standby mode. They are used to maintain the supercapacitor's charge through scenario-specific power replenishment strategies while controlling system power consumption.

[0025] In one example, a hybrid model combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and reinforcement learning can be used as the target control model. LSTM is responsible for capturing the temporal changes in parameters (e.g., continuous changes in current and voltage during startup), while reinforcement learning is responsible for optimizing the control strategy. Multi-dimensional coupled state parameters are converted into a standardized format recognizable by the target control model. The target control model then automatically extracts key features through the LSTM layers, eliminating the need for manual feature definition and improving adaptability.

[0026] Step 203: Based on the linkage control command, adjust the linkage configuration parameters of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery. The linkage configuration parameters are a set of parameters used to adjust the operating state of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery. When adjusting one parameter, it is necessary to match the parameters of the other device to reduce conflicts in the operating states of the two devices.

[0027] The linkage configuration parameters can include linkage start-up control parameters, linkage operation control parameters, and linkage power replenishment control parameters. Linkage start-up control parameters are a set of parameters adjusted based on predictive commands, serving pre-activation before start-up. They are used to precisely control the start-up intervention sequence and initial load ratio of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery, achieving a coordinated logic where the supercapacitor starts first and the lead-acid battery assists later, reducing battery impact damage in the initial start-up phase. Linkage operation control parameters are a set of parameters adjusted based on execution commands, serving dynamic adaptation during start-up. They are used to address extreme scenarios such as heat accumulation, voltage drops, or overloads during start-up by adjusting the discharge power of the supercapacitor and the auxiliary load boundary of the lead-acid battery in real time. Linkage power replenishment control parameters are a set of parameters adjusted based on power replenishment commands, serving power preservation during standby. They are used to control the power replenishment method, power replenishment current, and power consumption threshold according to different scenarios, balancing the stability of the supercapacitor and the energy saving of the lead-acid battery, resolving the core contradiction of traditional standby scenarios.

[0028] In one example, the controller can drive the relay matrix, the DC / DC module of the supercapacitor, and the lead-acid battery protection module in the parallel power supply circuit by outputting a pulse width modulation signal or a level signal, thereby achieving parameter adjustment. After adjustment, the status of the two devices and system parameters can be collected to verify the adjustment effect. In this way, it can solve problems such as the difficulty of adapting traditional fixed parameters to multiple scenarios, the impact damage to the lead-acid battery during the initial startup, and the contradiction between the self-discharge failure of the supercapacitor and the excessively high occupancy rate of the lead-acid battery during standby.

[0029] This application embodiment overcomes the limitations of traditional single-parameter acquisition by collecting multi-dimensional coupled state parameters. It can proactively capture startup intent and simultaneously monitor the operating conditions of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery, as well as the system's operational status, laying a complete data foundation for subsequent decision-making. Then, the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters are input into a pre-trained target control model to obtain coordinated control commands, including prediction commands, execution commands, and power replenishment commands. This covers the entire scenario of the supercapacitor startup power supply system before startup, during startup, and in standby. Prediction commands reduce the impact on the lead-acid battery during the initial startup phase, while execution commands adapt to real-time operating conditions during startup, reducing power insufficiency or overload. Power replenishment commands address the state changes of both components during standby, reducing supercapacitor self-discharge failure or excessive lead-acid battery power consumption. Finally, based on the coordinated control commands, the coordinated startup control parameters, coordinated operation control parameters, and coordinated power replenishment control parameters are specifically adjusted, breaking the limitations of traditional fixed parameters. This protects the lead-acid battery during startup and dynamically adapts to operating conditions during operation, ensuring stable startup. Furthermore, during the power replenishment phase, dual device states can be matched, balancing energy saving and device availability, fully leveraging the structural advantages of the dynamically controlled parallel power supply circuit, and achieving coordinated protection and efficient operation of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery.

[0030] In step 202, instructions can be generated in stages. First, a prediction instruction is generated based on the vehicle's pre-start characteristics and the first state parameter. Then, an execution instruction is generated based on the first state parameter, bus parameters, and the second state parameter. Finally, a power replenishment instruction is generated based on the first and second state parameters.

[0031] The core objective of the predictive command is to activate the supercapacitor before the starter motor officially begins operation, allowing it to handle the initial surge current and minimize impact damage to the lead-acid battery. To achieve this, it's necessary to anticipate the vehicle's pre-starting characteristics and verify the supercapacitor's starting capability based on its first state parameters. Therefore, the first stage requires generating a predictive command based on the vehicle's pre-starting characteristics and first state parameters.

[0032] The core objective of executing commands is to address extreme scenarios such as heat accumulation, voltage drops, and overloads during motor operation, ensuring uninterrupted startup while protecting the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery. The most direct risk during startup stems from abnormal power supply circuit operation; therefore, it's necessary to identify abnormal startup scenarios based on bus parameters, which reflect the circuit status. Upon detecting an anomaly, the core adjustment strategy is to allow the supercapacitor to handle more or less load, and this adjustment depends on the supercapacitor's own state. Therefore, it's necessary to determine whether the supercapacitor needs to adjust its power based on its first state parameters. In extreme scenarios, if the supercapacitor cannot handle the load alone, the lead-acid battery needs to assist in bearing some of the load; therefore, it's necessary to determine whether the lead-acid battery can provide supplementary power based on its second state parameters.

[0033] The core objective of the charging command is to maintain the supercapacitor's illumination during standby, reducing self-discharge failure, while simultaneously minimizing lead-acid battery depletion due to high power consumption. Supercapacitors exhibit natural self-discharge characteristics; after prolonged standby, their remaining charge will drop below the startup threshold, preventing startup. Therefore, the supercapacitor's charging needs must be determined based on its first state parameters. Charging methods can include trickle charging from the battery or charging from external devices, but the choice must be based on the lead-acid battery's state; otherwise, it may exacerbate battery damage. Therefore, the charging method must be selected based on the lead-acid battery's second state parameters.

[0034] The following descriptions will be elaborated using the prediction command, execution command, and power replenishment command as examples.

[0035] For predictive commands, the system can detect and determine in real time whether the vehicle's pre-start characteristics meet the set trigger conditions. The set trigger conditions are based on a start-intention determination threshold set by the vehicle's pre-start characteristics, which is used to lock in the signal that is about to start and reduce the false activation of the supercapacitor when there is no start-intention.

[0036] In response to the detection of pre-start characteristics of the vehicle meeting the set trigger conditions, the first state parameters of the supercapacitor are collected. It is then determined whether the first state parameters meet the set start-up conditions. The start-up capability judgment threshold set based on the first state parameters of the supercapacitor when setting the start-up conditions is used to verify whether the supercapacitor can start and start safely, reducing the damage caused by forced pre-activation when the supercapacitor's state is insufficient.

[0037] In this embodiment, the pre-start characteristics of the vehicle may include the level of the ignition signal, the current value of the pre-supply circuit current of the starter motor, and the voltage change slope of the lead-acid battery. The level of the ignition signal is an electrical signal that reflects the on / off state of the vehicle's ignition switch. The pre-supply circuit current of the starter motor is an auxiliary circuit current that is turned on to preheat the oil or electrical circuits before the starter motor officially starts operating. When the current is greater than a set value, it indicates that the starter motor has entered a standby state, serving as a hardware preparation signal before starting. The voltage change slope of the lead-acid battery is the instantaneous rate of change of the lead-acid battery terminal voltage. When the pre-supply circuit is turned on, it causes a brief fluctuation in the battery voltage. When the slope is greater than a set value, it indirectly reflects that the start-related circuits have been activated. This is an indirect state signal before starting.

[0038] The first set of state parameters can include the supercapacitor's remaining charge, the target area temperature, and the resting time. The remaining charge is the percentage of the supercapacitor's rated capacity currently stored, and is crucial for determining whether the capacitor can output startup power. The real-time temperature of the supercapacitor's core heat-generating area is the target area temperature, which is the boundary for determining whether the supercapacitor can start safely. For example, 30℃~60℃ is the normal operating range; exceeding this range will cause electrolyte performance failure, posing a risk of overheating or failure to conduct. The resting time refers to the time the supercapacitor has been idle since the last discharge, and is an indicator of the degree of impact from the supercapacitor's self-discharge.

[0039] In one example, if the ignition signal level is detected to switch from low to high, and / or the pre-supply circuit current value is greater than a set current value, and / or the voltage jump slope is greater than a set slope, then the vehicle's pre-start characteristics are determined to meet the set trigger conditions. The set current value and set slope are the thresholds for determining whether the vehicle meets the set trigger conditions. In other words, as long as any one of the pre-start characteristics meets the threshold, the set trigger conditions are met; it is not necessary to wait for all characteristics to appear, which can adapt to the different order of appearance of pre-start characteristics in different vehicle models. For example, some models have the ignition signal first, while others have the pre-supply current first.

[0040] In another example, if the remaining battery power is higher than a first preset battery power, and / or the target area temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, and / or the resting time is less than a first preset resting time, then the first state parameter is determined to meet the set startup conditions. The first preset battery power, the first preset temperature, and the first preset resting time are all thresholds for determining whether the set startup conditions are met. Similarly, meeting any one of the safety startup thresholds is sufficient to determine that the set startup conditions are met. This can cover the state of the supercapacitor in different scenarios. For example, at low temperatures, meeting the temperature requirement is sufficient, or during short resting periods, meeting the resting time requirement is sufficient.

[0041] If the first state parameter meets the set start-up conditions, a prediction command is generated. The prediction command may include a pre-activation command for the discharge circuit of the supercapacitor, a start-up intervention timing adjustment command, and a power distribution pre-command.

[0042] The discharge circuit pre-activation command controls the relay matrix in the parallel power supply circuit to activate the supercapacitor discharge circuit, energizing the pre-charge switch in advance and reducing the conduction delay. The start-up intervention timing adjustment command sets the intervention time of the supercapacitor, such as 5-10ms in advance, 10ms in advance at low temperatures to compensate for the conduction delay, and 5ms in advance at normal temperatures. The power distribution and command presets the load ratio at the initial start-up stage, for example, the supercapacitor undertakes 80% of the discharge load, and the lead-acid battery undertakes 20% of the auxiliary load, reducing supercapacitor idle power consumption.

[0043] Traditional technologies activate the supercapacitor only after the starter motor begins running. During the initial 0-50ms surge of startup, the lead-acid battery bears the brunt of the high current, which can easily lead to plate sulfation and active material shedding. By using logic based on multiple precursor features, the startup intent can be detected in advance, pre-activating the supercapacitor. During startup, the supercapacitor can output over 80% of the dominant power, reducing the lead-acid battery's surge current to over 80%, thus extending its lifespan. Furthermore, traditional technologies often ignore the supercapacitor's state, easily leading to startup failures or insufficient power. By using a three-dimensional assessment of remaining charge, temperature, and resting time, the supercapacitor's power capability, safety boundaries, and self-discharge effects can be covered, reducing the false alarm rate of the supercapacitor's state before startup and increasing the startup success rate. Different vehicle models exhibit different sequences of precursor features. Traditional single-signature detection is prone to missed detections. By using AND / OR logic to cover multiple precursor features, it can adapt to different vehicle types without requiring manual switching of detection modes, improving detection efficiency.

[0044] For executing commands, the target execution scenario of the supercapacitor can be identified first through the first state parameter and bus parameters. The target execution scenario is a set of abnormal operating conditions that require intervention during startup. Target execution scenarios can include thermal accumulation scenarios, voltage drop scenarios, or overload scenarios. The thermal accumulation scenario is when the core area temperature exceeds the safety threshold due to the supercapacitor's continuous high power output. If no intervention is provided, it will lead to electrolyte decomposition, shortened lifespan, or even fire. The voltage drop scenario is when the bus voltage drops continuously beyond a certain voltage, such as 1.5V, during startup, and the supercapacitor still has remaining charge. That is, the current discharge power cannot meet the needs of the starter motor. If no intervention is provided, the motor speed will drop sharply and the startup will be interrupted. The overload scenario is when the starter motor is stuck, overloaded, or other reasons, causing the peak bus discharge current to exceed the safety threshold, while the capacitor temperature does not exceed a certain temperature, such as 60°C. If no intervention is provided, the motor windings will burn out or the capacitor will be damaged. Then, based on the second state parameter, the auxiliary state of the lead-acid battery under the target execution scenario is determined to match the scenario requirements and reduce battery overload. Finally, execution instructions for the coordinated operation of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery are generated based on the target execution scenario and auxiliary states. Precise matching of these instructions with parameters ensures both stable startup and device protection.

[0045] In this embodiment, bus parameters may include bus voltage sag and peak discharge current. The bus voltage sag is the difference between the initial bus voltage (before startup) and the current bus voltage during startup, reflecting the sufficiency of the power supply circuit. A larger bus voltage sag indicates a larger power deficit. The peak discharge current refers to the maximum current value that occurs in the circuit during the discharge process of energy storage components (such as supercapacitors and lead-acid batteries); it is the instantaneous maximum value of the discharge current over time.

[0046] The second state parameter can include the lead-acid battery's terminal voltage and internal resistance. Terminal voltage is the actual voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the lead-acid battery, divided into open-circuit terminal voltage and operating terminal voltage, directly reflecting the battery's current power supply capacity and remaining charge. Internal resistance is the resistance encountered when current flows through the lead-acid battery, reflecting the battery's energy transfer efficiency and degree of aging. The lower the internal resistance, the better the performance of the lead-acid battery.

[0047] In one example, if the target area temperature is greater than a second set temperature, the peak discharge current is greater than a set peak value, and the duration is greater than or equal to a first set duration, then the target execution scenario is determined to be a heat accumulation scenario. The second set temperature, the set peak value, and the first set duration are all thresholds for determining whether the target execution scenario is a heat accumulation scenario.

[0048] The core risk of heat accumulation scenarios is that the continuous accumulation of heat in supercapacitors or their surrounding components can lead to performance degradation, shortened lifespan, or even thermal runaway. The judgment logic can revolve around the root cause of heat generation and whether the heat can be dissipated in a timely manner. A target area temperature exceeding a second set temperature indicates that the actual temperature exceeds the limit; a peak discharge current exceeding a set peak value indicates that the instantaneous heat generation power exceeds the limit; and a duration greater than or equal to a first set duration indicates that the accumulated heat exceeds the heat dissipation capacity. Meeting any one of these criteria qualifies as a heat accumulation scenario.

[0049] If the remaining battery power is greater than or equal to the second preset battery power, the bus voltage drop value is greater than the preset drop value, and the duration is greater than or equal to the second preset duration, then the target execution scenario is determined to be a voltage drop scenario. The second preset battery power, the preset drop value, and the second preset duration are all thresholds for determining whether the target execution scenario is a voltage drop scenario.

[0050] The core risk of voltage dips is insufficient power supply to the vehicle's low-voltage bus, causing critical components such as the starter motor, electronic control unit, and sensors to malfunction. The judgment logic revolves around eliminating interference from depleted capacitors and locating the abnormality in the power supply chain. A supercapacitor remaining charge greater than a second preset charge indicates sufficient energy reserves. A bus voltage dip value greater than a preset dip value indicates that the actual voltage is significantly lower than normal. A duration greater than or equal to a second preset duration indicates that the low voltage is not an instantaneous fluctuation. Meeting any one of these criteria constitutes a voltage dip scenario.

[0051] If the target area temperature is less than or equal to the second set temperature, the peak discharge current is greater than the set peak value, and the duration is greater than or equal to the third set duration, then the target execution scenario is determined to be an overload scenario. The second set temperature, the set peak value, and the third set duration are all thresholds for determining whether the target execution scenario is an overload scenario.

[0052] The core risk of overload scenarios is that prolonged overcurrent in the supercapacitor and discharge circuit leads to excessive electrical stress, causing component damage. The judgment logic revolves around distinguishing between thermal and electrical risks to reduce the omission of purely electrical overloads. A target area temperature of the supercapacitor less than or equal to a second set temperature indicates no significant heat accumulation; a peak discharge current greater than a set peak value indicates the current exceeds the rated carrying capacity; and a duration greater than or equal to a third set duration indicates the overcurrent state is not instantaneous. Meeting any one of these conditions is sufficient to determine an overload scenario.

[0053] In another example, if the target scenario is a thermal accumulation scenario, it is determined whether the terminal voltage exceeds a first set voltage. If the terminal voltage exceeds the first set voltage, the auxiliary load of the lead-acid battery is controlled to be less than the first auxiliary load. The first set voltage is the minimum charge voltage for healthy auxiliary operation of the lead-acid battery, for example, 12V for a 12V vehicle, used to determine whether the lead-acid battery has adequate auxiliary capability. In the thermal accumulation scenario, the lead-acid battery needs to share the load of the supercapacitor, so it is necessary to ensure that the lead-acid battery itself has sufficient charge to reduce the situation where the auxiliary load is depleted. The first auxiliary load is the maximum safe auxiliary ratio of the lead-acid battery in the thermal accumulation scenario, used to appropriately share the load of the supercapacitor. During thermal accumulation, the supercapacitor needs to reduce its power, and the lead-acid battery can bear part of the load to balance the pressure on the supercapacitor, without exceeding the discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery.

[0054] If the target execution scenario is a voltage drop scenario, it is determined whether the terminal voltage is lower than a second set voltage, which is higher than a first set voltage. If the terminal voltage is lower than the second set voltage, the auxiliary load of the lead-acid battery is controlled to be lower than the second auxiliary load, and the second auxiliary load is lower than the first auxiliary load. The second set voltage is the safe auxiliary voltage for the lead-acid battery in a voltage drop scenario, used to strictly limit the battery auxiliary load. When the voltage drops, the bus voltage is already low. If the lead-acid battery is low in power, it can easily pull down the bus voltage, thus requiring a higher power threshold. The second auxiliary load is a strictly limited auxiliary ratio for the lead-acid battery in a voltage drop scenario, used to minimize the battery's impact on the bus voltage. When the voltage drops, supercapacitors should be used to replenish power first, with the lead-acid battery bearing only a very small load, reducing the further drop in bus voltage caused by lead-acid battery discharge.

[0055] If the target execution scenario is an overload scenario, it is determined whether the terminal voltage is less than a third preset voltage, which is less than the first preset voltage. If the terminal voltage is less than the third preset voltage, the terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery is constrained to be greater than or equal to the third preset voltage. The third preset voltage is the discharge protection voltage of the lead-acid battery under overload scenarios, used to reduce reverse over-discharge of the battery. In overload scenarios, the discharge current is large, the battery consumes power quickly, and the terminal voltage is prone to drop rapidly. Therefore, a lower protection threshold needs to be set to reduce deep damage to the lead-acid battery.

[0056] In traditional extreme scenarios, a single voltage threshold is typically used to address all situations, which can easily lead to insufficient control precision. For example, a voltage drop might misjudge the health of the lead-acid battery, an excessive auxiliary load might misjudge the safety of the lead-acid battery, and an overload might misjudge the safety of the lead-acid battery, failing to provide timely protection. Therefore, by using multiple gradient thresholds, the risk level of different scenarios can be accurately matched, reducing the misjudgment rate and improving the collaborative efficiency of the two devices.

[0057] For charging commands, the system can detect and determine in real time whether the first state parameter meets the charging trigger condition, accurately identifying the supercapacitor's charging needs. The charging trigger condition is the standard for determining whether the supercapacitor needs charging. If the first state parameter meets the charging trigger condition, a charging trigger command is generated. Based on the second state parameter, the charging scenario for the lead-acid battery is determined, and a charging command is generated based on the charging scenario.

[0058] In one example, if the detected inactivity time exceeds the second set inactivity time and the remaining battery power is less than the third set inactivity time, and / or, the remaining battery power is less than the fourth set inactivity time, and / or the target area temperature is within the set temperature range and the remaining battery power is less than the fifth set inactivity time, then the first state parameter is determined to meet the power replenishment trigger condition, where the fourth set inactivity time is less than the third set inactivity time and the fifth set inactivity time is greater than the third set inactivity time. Here, the second set inactivity time, the third set inactivity time, the fourth set inactivity time, the set temperature range, and the fifth set inactivity time are all thresholds used to determine whether the power replenishment trigger condition is met. An inactivity time exceeding the second set inactivity time and a remaining battery power less than the third set inactivity time indicates prolonged inactivity and insufficient battery power. A remaining battery power less than the fourth set inactivity time indicates an emergency low battery. A target area temperature within the set temperature range and a remaining battery power less than the fifth set inactivity time indicates a suitable temperature and a battery warning. Meeting any one of these conditions indicates that power replenishment is required.

[0059] Terminal voltage reflects the remaining capacity and internal electrochemical activity of a lead-acid battery. A higher terminal voltage indicates a more abundant charge and better activity. A lower terminal voltage indicates a depleted charge and poorer activity. Internal resistance reflects the internal losses and aging degree of a lead-acid battery. Lower internal resistance indicates higher internal conductivity and better battery health. Higher internal resistance indicates greater internal losses and more severe aging.

[0060] Based on this, in another example, if the terminal voltage is greater than or equal to a fourth set voltage and the internal resistance is less than or equal to a first set internal resistance, a battery trickle charge command is generated. Both the fourth set voltage and the first set internal resistance are thresholds for determining whether to generate a battery trickle charge command. A terminal voltage greater than or equal to the fourth set voltage indicates that the battery has sufficient charge and is capable of outputting a small current. An internal resistance less than or equal to the first set internal resistance indicates that the battery is healthy, with low loss during small-current discharge and no safety risk. The battery trickle charge command can include controlling the lead-acid battery to output a trickle current less than a set current to charge the supercapacitor. The set current refers to the value of the small current protecting the lead-acid battery. The trickle current is extremely small, such as in the milliampere range. This reduces problems such as plate polarization or overheating caused by excessive current, thereby extending the life of the lead-acid battery.

[0061] If the terminal voltage is less than the fourth preset voltage and the internal resistance is greater than the second preset internal resistance, an external charging command is generated. The second preset internal resistance is the threshold used to determine whether to generate an external charging command. A terminal voltage less than the fourth preset voltage indicates that the battery is depleted and has no excess power available for output. The external charging command involves identifying the charging interface and controlling the output current of the external device connected to the charging interface to charge the supercapacitor. The second preset internal resistance is greater than the first preset internal resistance. An internal resistance greater than the second preset internal resistance indicates that the lead-acid battery is aging or damaged, and is prone to overheating and excessive power consumption during discharge, which may even lead to safety issues. Therefore, external charging is required to protect the lead-acid battery.

[0062] In step 203, in response to the predicted command, the supercapacitor intervention time, the pre-charge / discharge switch turn-on delay time, and the discharge power ratio threshold are adjusted, and the initial auxiliary charge ratio of the lead-acid battery is matched synchronously. The supercapacitor intervention time is the time difference between the triggering of pre-startup characteristics and the complete conduction of the supercapacitor discharge circuit, used to compensate for the capacitor turn-on delay and ensure that the capacitor outputs power first during startup. The pre-charge / discharge switch turn-on delay time refers to the time from receiving the turn-on command to the complete conduction of the drain and source terminals; it is crucial to the timeliness of the capacitor's power output, and shortening the delay can reduce the power gap in the initial startup phase. The discharge power ratio threshold is the upper limit of the total discharge power ratio borne by the supercapacitor in the initial startup phase, representing a quantitative manifestation of the capacitor-dominated, battery-assisted collaborative logic. The initial auxiliary charge ratio is the proportion of the total discharge power borne by the lead-acid battery in the initial startup phase, linked to the capacitor power ratio threshold, ensuring a reasonable load distribution between the two devices.

[0063] For example, in low-temperature scenarios, the viscosity of the supercapacitor electrolyte increases, prolonging the conduction delay and allowing the intervention time to be shortened from 5ms at room temperature to 10ms. At room temperature, the intervention time remains at 5-7ms. In high-temperature scenarios, the intervention time can be shortened to 3-5ms. The conduction delay can be controlled to less than or equal to 5ms by increasing the driving voltage and optimizing the gate resistance of the switching transistor, reducing power connection gaps caused by slow switching. The discharge power percentage threshold can be linked to the second state parameters of the lead-acid battery. For example, if the lead-acid battery is in a healthy state, the discharge power percentage threshold can be set to 60%-70%, reducing capacitor energy consumption redundancy. If the lead-acid battery is in an aged state, the discharge power percentage threshold can be set to 80%-90%. The lower limit of the threshold should not be lower than 60% to ensure that the supercapacitor dominates the startup. The initial auxiliary charge ratio is 100% minus the supercapacitor discharge power percentage threshold, with an upper limit less than or equal to 20%. This allows the lead-acid battery to bear a minimal load, reducing the risk of plate sulfation from the source when facing instantaneous large currents.

[0064] In response to commands, the system adjusts the supercapacitor's discharge peak value, discharge duration, and power regulation step size, while simultaneously correcting the upper limit of the auxiliary charge based on the lead-acid battery's terminal voltage and internal resistance. The discharge peak value is the maximum current output by the supercapacitor during startup, representing a balance between meeting startup power requirements and preventing device overload. The discharge duration is the length of time the supercapacitor maintains peak discharge; it must match the actual operating requirements of the starter motor to reduce startup interruptions due to insufficient power or energy waste due to power redundancy. The power regulation step size is the magnitude of each discharge power adjustment, minimizing system anomalies caused by parameter fluctuations. The upper limit of the auxiliary charge is the maximum load proportion that the lead-acid battery can handle during operation. Correction based on the lead-acid battery's state reduces overload damage and embodies dynamic coordination.

[0065] For example, in thermal accumulation scenarios, the discharge peak value can be reduced by 10%-15% by lowering the output voltage through the DC / DC module, thus reducing the possibility of further capacitor temperature increases. In voltage drop scenarios, the discharge peak value can be increased by 5%-10% to compensate for the bus voltage gap and ensure sufficient starter motor torque. In overload scenarios, the discharge peak value can be reduced by 10%-20% to reduce the possibility of starter motor winding burnout. Furthermore, the discharge duration can be adjusted to match the starter motor requirements of vehicles with different engine displacements. The upper limits can be tightened or loosened based on the lead-acid battery's terminal voltage and internal resistance. For example, in thermal accumulation scenarios, the auxiliary upper limit can be loosened to share the load of the supercapacitor. In voltage drop scenarios, the auxiliary upper limit can be tightened to reduce further battery depletion. In overload scenarios, regardless of the lead-acid battery's state, the auxiliary upper limit is forcibly set to 0%.

[0066] In response to charging commands, the system adjusts the charging trigger threshold, termination threshold, and trickle charge current of the supercapacitor; configures the upper limit of the trickle charge current and the static power consumption threshold of the lead-acid battery; and sets the charging current range and temperature protection threshold for the charging interface adapted to external devices. The charging trigger threshold and termination threshold control the boundaries of the remaining charge level at which the supercapacitor initiates and stops charging, adapting to differences in self-discharge under different environments. The trickle charge current is a small current that maintains the capacitor's charge level after charging to the termination threshold, used to compensate for the supercapacitor's self-discharge. The static power consumption threshold is the maximum allowable power consumption in standby mode, a balance indicator between energy saving and charging capability; keeping it below this threshold reduces hidden battery losses. The temperature protection threshold is the safe boundary for capacitor temperature during external charging, reducing the risk of capacitor polarization or electrolyte failure due to extreme temperatures.

[0067] This improves the static availability of supercapacitors, eliminating the need for frequent manual recharging. Furthermore, it extends the standby life of lead-acid batteries. External recharging, through current adaptation and temperature protection, reduces the risk of interface overload and capacitor overcharge.

[0068] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of an optimized control device for a supercapacitor startup power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the optimized control device 300 applied to the supercapacitor startup power supply system is used in applications such as... Figure 1 The supercapacitor startup power supply system shown may include an optimization control device comprising a data acquisition module 301, a generation module 302, and an adjustment module 303.

[0069] The acquisition module 301 is used to acquire multi-dimensional coupled state parameters collected by the sensor in real time. The multi-dimensional coupled state parameters include vehicle start-up precursor characteristics, first state parameters of the supercapacitor, bus parameters of the supercapacitor start-up power system, and second state parameters of the lead-acid battery.

[0070] The generation module 302 is used to input multi-dimensional coupled state parameters into the pre-trained target control model to obtain linkage control commands corresponding to the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters. The linkage control commands include prediction commands, execution commands, and power replenishment commands. The target control model is used to perform multi-factor coupling analysis and collaborative decision-making.

[0071] The adjustment module 303 is used to adjust the linkage configuration parameters of the supercapacitor and lead-acid battery based on the linkage control command. The linkage configuration parameters include linkage start control parameters, linkage operation control parameters, and linkage charging control parameters.

[0072] The acquisition module 301, generation module 302 and adjustment module 303 can be used to execute steps 201-203 in the embodiments of the above-mentioned optimized control method applied to the supercapacitor startup power supply system. For the specific implementation of these modules and more details, please refer to the corresponding method section, which will not be elaborated here.

[0073] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program that can be loaded by a processor and executed by any of the optimization control methods applied to a supercapacitor startup power supply system in this application.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by computer programs. When all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by computer programs, the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read-only memory, random access memory, disk, optical disk, hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to achieve the above functions. For example, the program can be stored in the memory of a device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the above functions can be achieved. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by computer programs, the program can also be stored in a server, another computer, disk, optical disk, flash drive, or external hard drive, etc., and can be downloaded or copied to the memory of a local device, or the system of the local device can be updated. When the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions in the above embodiments can be achieved.

[0075] The above examples illustrate this application only to aid understanding and are not intended to limit its scope. Those skilled in the art to which this application pertains can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the ideas presented.

Claims

1. An optimized control method for a supercapacitor startup power supply system, characterized in that, An application is made in a supercapacitor starting power supply system, the supercapacitor starting power supply system comprising a supercapacitor, a lead-acid battery, a starter motor, and a controller, wherein the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery are connected in parallel to form a dynamically adjustable parallel power supply circuit, the parallel power supply circuit being connected to the starter motor, and the optimized control method comprising: Real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional coupled state parameters collected by sensors, including vehicle start-up precursor characteristics, first state parameters of supercapacitor, bus parameters of supercapacitor start-up power system, and second state parameters of lead-acid battery. The multi-dimensional coupled state parameters are input into the pre-trained target control model to obtain the linkage control command corresponding to the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters. The linkage control command includes a prediction command, an execution command, and a power replenishment command. The target control model is used to perform multi-factor coupling analysis and collaborative decision-making. Based on the linkage control command, the linkage configuration parameters of the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery are adjusted. The linkage configuration parameters include linkage start control parameters, linkage operation control parameters, and linkage charging control parameters.

2. The optimized control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of inputting the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters into the pre-trained target control model to obtain the linkage control command corresponding to the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters includes: The prediction command is generated based on the vehicle start-up warning features and the first state parameter; The execution instruction is generated based on the first state parameter, the bus parameter, and the second state parameter; The power replenishment command is generated based on the first state parameter and the second state parameter.

3. The optimized control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of generating the prediction command based on the vehicle start-up precursor features and the first state parameter includes: Real-time detection and determination of whether the vehicle start-up warning signs meet the set trigger conditions; In response to the detection that the vehicle start-up precursor features meet the set trigger conditions, the first state parameters of the supercapacitor are collected; Determine whether the first state parameter meets the set startup conditions; If the first state parameter satisfies the set start-up conditions, a prediction instruction is generated. The prediction instruction includes a pre-activation instruction for the discharge circuit of the supercapacitor, a start-up intervention timing adjustment instruction, and a power allocation pre-instruction.

4. The optimized control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vehicle start-up warning features include the level of the ignition signal, the current value of the pre-supply circuit current of the starter motor, and the voltage jump slope of the lead-acid battery; the first state parameters include the remaining charge of the supercapacitor, the temperature of the target area, and the resting time. The real-time detection and determination of whether the vehicle start-up precursor features meet the set trigger conditions includes: If the level of the ignition signal is detected to switch from low to high, and / or the current value of the pre-supply circuit current is greater than the set current value, and / or the voltage change slope is greater than the set slope, then it is determined that the vehicle start-up precursor features meet the set triggering conditions. The step of determining whether the first state parameter meets the set start-up conditions includes: If the remaining power is higher than the first set power, and / or the target area temperature is lower than the first set temperature, and / or the resting time is less than the first set resting time, then the first state parameter is determined to meet the set start-up conditions.

5. The optimized control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of generating execution instructions based on the first state parameter, the bus parameter, and the second state parameter includes: The target execution scenario of the supercapacitor is identified by the first state parameter and the bus parameter. The target execution scenario includes a heat accumulation scenario, a voltage drop scenario, or an overload scenario. The auxiliary state of the lead-acid battery under the target execution scenario is determined based on the second state parameter; Based on the target execution scenario and the auxiliary state, an execution command is generated to link the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery.

6. The optimized control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first state parameter includes the remaining charge of the supercapacitor, the temperature of the target area, and the resting time; the bus parameter includes the bus voltage drop value and the peak discharge current; and the second state parameter includes the terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery. The step of identifying the target execution scenario of the supercapacitor through the first state parameter and the bus parameter includes: If the temperature of the target area is greater than the second set temperature, the peak value of the discharge current is greater than the set peak value, and the duration is greater than or equal to the first set duration, then the target execution scenario is determined to be the heat accumulation scenario. If the remaining power is greater than or equal to the second set power, the bus voltage drop value is greater than the set drop value, and the duration is greater than or equal to the second set duration, then the target execution scenario is determined to be a voltage drop scenario. If the temperature of the target area is less than or equal to the second set temperature, the peak value of the discharge current is greater than the set peak value, and the duration is greater than or equal to the third set duration, then the target execution scenario is determined to be an overload scenario. Determining the auxiliary state of the lead-acid battery in the target execution scenario based on the second state parameter includes: If the target execution scenario is the heat accumulation scenario, then determine whether the terminal voltage exceeds the first set voltage; If the terminal voltage exceeds the first set voltage, the auxiliary load of the lead-acid battery is controlled to be less than the first auxiliary load. If the target execution scenario is the voltage drop scenario, then it is determined whether the terminal voltage is less than the second set voltage, and the second set voltage is greater than the first set voltage; If the terminal voltage is less than the second set voltage, then the auxiliary load of the lead-acid battery is controlled to be less than the second auxiliary load, and the second auxiliary load is less than the first auxiliary load; If the target execution scenario is the overload scenario, then it is determined whether the terminal voltage is less than the third set voltage, and the third set voltage is less than the first set voltage; If the terminal voltage is less than the third set voltage, then the terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery is constrained to be greater than or equal to the third set voltage.

7. The optimized control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of generating the power replenishment command based on the first state parameter and the second state parameter includes: Real-time detection and determination of whether the first state parameter meets the power-up trigger condition; If the first state parameter satisfies the power-up triggering condition, a power-up triggering command is generated; Based on the second state parameter, the charging scenario for the lead-acid battery is determined, and the charging command is generated based on the charging scenario.

8. The optimized control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first state parameter includes the remaining charge of the supercapacitor, the temperature of the target area, and the resting time; the second state parameter includes the terminal voltage and internal resistance of the lead-acid battery. The real-time detection and determination of whether the first state parameter meets the power-up trigger condition includes: If the settling time is detected to be greater than the second settling time and the remaining power is less than the third set power, and / or the remaining power is less than the fourth set power, and / or the target area temperature is within the set temperature range and the remaining power is less than the fifth set power, then it is determined that the first state parameter meets the power replenishment trigger condition, the fourth set power is less than the third set power, and the fifth set power is greater than the third set power. The step of determining the charging scenario for the lead-acid battery based on the second state parameter, and generating the charging command based on the charging scenario, includes: If the terminal voltage is greater than or equal to the fourth set voltage and the internal resistance is less than or equal to the first set internal resistance, a battery trickle charge command is generated. The battery trickle charge command includes controlling the lead-acid battery to output a trickle current less than the set current to charge the supercapacitor. If the terminal voltage is less than the fourth set voltage and the internal resistance is greater than the second set internal resistance, an external power supply command is generated. The external power supply command includes identifying the charging interface and controlling the external device connected to the charging interface to output current to supply power to the supercapacitor. The second set internal resistance is greater than the first set internal resistance.

9. The optimized control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment of the linkage configuration parameters of the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery based on the linkage control command includes: In response to the predicted command, the supercapacitor intervention time, the pre-charge and discharge switch conduction delay time, and the discharge power ratio threshold are adjusted, and the initial auxiliary charge ratio of the lead-acid battery is matched synchronously. In response to the execution command, the discharge peak value, discharge duration and power adjustment step size of the supercapacitor are adjusted, and the upper limit value of the auxiliary charge is corrected according to the terminal voltage and internal resistance of the lead-acid battery. In response to the charging command, the charging trigger threshold, termination threshold, and trickle charge current of the supercapacitor are adjusted, and the upper limit of the trickle charge current and the static power consumption threshold of the lead-acid battery are configured, as well as the charging current range and temperature protection threshold of the charging interface adapted to the external device.

10. An optimized control device for a supercapacitor startup power supply system, characterized in that, An application is made in a supercapacitor starting power supply system, the supercapacitor starting power supply system comprising a supercapacitor, a lead-acid battery, a starter motor, and a controller, wherein the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery are connected in parallel to form a dynamically adjustable parallel power supply circuit, the parallel power supply circuit being connected to the starter motor, and the optimized control method comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire multi-dimensional coupled state parameters collected by the sensors in real time. The multi-dimensional coupled state parameters include vehicle start-up precursor characteristics, first state parameters of the supercapacitor, bus parameters of the supercapacitor start-up power system, and second state parameters of the lead-acid battery. The generation module is used to input the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters into the pre-trained target control model to obtain the linkage control command corresponding to the multi-dimensional coupled state parameters. The linkage control command includes a prediction command, an execution command, and a power replenishment command. The target control model is used to perform multi-factor coupling analysis and collaborative decision-making. The adjustment module is used to adjust the linkage configuration parameters of the supercapacitor and the lead-acid battery based on the linkage control command. The linkage configuration parameters include linkage start control parameters, linkage operation control parameters, and linkage charging control parameters.

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