Permanent magnet packaging plane magnetic insulation oscillator and electromagnetic wave generation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a permanent magnet packaging plane magnetic insulation oscillator and an electromagnetic wave generation method, and solves the problem of low efficiency of an existing magnetic insulation line oscillator. The permanent magnet packaging plane magnetic insulation oscillator specifically comprises an anode rectangular cylinder, a cylindrical permanent magnet arranged on the periphery of the anode rectangular cylinder, a plane cathode arranged in the anode rectangular cylinder, a non-uniform diffuse wave structure and a stepped load; the pulse driving source is arranged outside the cylindrical permanent magnet; the two ends of the anode rectangular cylinder are open, and the anode rectangular cylinder is electrically connected with the anode of the pulse driving source; the planar cathode and the stepped load are sequentially arranged in the rectangular anode cylinder in the z-axis direction, and a microwave energy extraction gap is formed between the planar cathode and the stepped load; the planar cathode is suspended in the middle of the anode rectangular cylinder and is electrically connected with the cathode of the pulse driving source; the two side faces of the stepped load in the x direction are connected with the corresponding inner walls of the anode rectangular cylinder. The non-uniform diffuse wave structure is arranged above the planar cathode and the stepped load; the permanent magnets are used for providing guide magnetic fields for electromagnetic waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a magnetically insulated oscillator and a method for generating electromagnetic waves, specifically to a permanent magnet packaging planar magnetically insulated oscillator and a method for generating electromagnetic waves. Background Technology

[0002] A magnetically insulated wire oscillator (MIO) is a coaxial orthogonal field device capable of generating gigawatt-scale high-power microwaves. Essentially a linear magnetron, it requires no external magnetic field, resulting in a more compact structure. In an MIO, electrons are emitted from the cathode end of the coaxial line. The resulting current generates a sufficiently strong self-magnetic field, which deflects the electrons, preventing the vast majority from reaching the anode. Instead, they form a magnetically insulated electron layer. Under the influence of the radial electric field and the self-magnetic field, the electrons drift axially. After passing through a high-frequency structure, the electron beam converges, achieving beam energy conversion.

[0003] Since no external magnetic field is required, magnetically insulated wire oscillators are easy to make compact and miniaturized. However, the main problem at present is the low efficiency of the device. This is because a considerable amount of current used to provide the insulating magnetic field is generated at high voltage, which is basically equal to the operating voltage of the device. In other words, a portion of the current inside the tube is consumed to generate the insulating self-magnetic field and does not participate in the beam energy conversion, resulting in the efficiency of magnetically insulated wire oscillators being less than 25%.

[0004] A high-efficiency magnetically insulated wire oscillator based on simulation design is available, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1As shown in the figure (Design and Simulation of a Novel High-Efficiency Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line Oscillator [J], Xiaoyu Wang, Yuwei Fan, Ting Shu, Ankun Li, and Zeyang Liu, IEEETRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, vol. 48, no.4, pp844-887, Apr.2020). It includes a cathode 01, a choke cavity 02, a diffuse wave structure 03, an anode outer cylinder 04, a load 05, and a microwave output port 06. Its working principle can be briefly described as follows: When a high-voltage pulse (hundreds of kV) is applied to the left end of the device, an electron beam is generated from the side and end face of the cathode 01. The electron beam generated at the end face of the cathode rod and the side of the portion extending into the collector electrode bombards the collector electrode. This portion of the electron beam, called the load current, functions to generate an angular magnetic field around the cathode rod, guiding the electron beam emitted laterally upstream of the cathode to bend in the axial direction and move parallel to the cathode 01 axis, thus preventing this portion of the electron beam from directly bombarding the diffuse structure 03. The electron beam drifting to the right parallel to the cathode 01 interacts with the anode diffuse structure 03, thereby exciting electromagnetic oscillations within the cavity of the diffuse structure 03 to generate electromagnetic waves. This electromagnetic wave, in turn, modulates the beam passing near the cavity opening, forming a space charge cloud with uneven density. When the drift velocity of the space charge cloud is synchronized with the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave, the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave interact strongly, and the electromagnetic wave is gradually amplified to form high-power microwaves. However, in the simulation, with a diode voltage of 586 kV and a current of 49 kA, the output microwave power is 2.2 GW, the frequency is 1.42 GHz, and its beam-to-wave conversion efficiency is still only 22%. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem in existing magnetically insulated wire oscillators where most of the current used to provide the insulating magnetic field is generated under high voltage, and a portion of the current inside the tube is consumed to generate its own insulating magnetic field instead of participating in beam energy conversion, resulting in low efficiency, this invention provides a permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator and an electromagnetic wave generation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator is characterized by comprising an anode rectangular tube, a cylindrical permanent magnet disposed around the anode rectangular tube, a planar cathode, a non-uniform diffuse wave structure and a stepped load disposed inside the anode rectangular tube, and a pulse drive source disposed outside the cylindrical permanent magnet. Definition: The axis of a permanent magnet is the z-axis, and its two mutually perpendicular radial axes are the x-axis and y-axis, with the positive y-axis pointing vertically upwards; The anode rectangular tube is open at both ends along the z-axis, and the anode rectangular tube is electrically connected to the anode of the pulse drive source; The planar cathode and the stepped load are arranged sequentially along the z-axis inside the anode rectangular tube, with a microwave energy extraction gap between them; the planar cathode is suspended in the middle of the anode rectangular tube and electrically connected to the cathode of the pulse drive source, and the planar cathode is used to emit a relativistic electron beam; The stepped load is connected to the corresponding inner wall of the anode rectangular tube on both sides along the x-direction, and there is a gap between its top and bottom surfaces along the y-direction and the corresponding inner wall of the anode rectangular tube; the stepped load is used to collect part of the relativistic electron beam to generate a magnetic field along the x-direction. The non-uniform diffuse structure is disposed above the planar cathode and the stepped load, and is connected to the inner wall of the anode rectangular cylinder. Its working end is opposite to the planar cathode and the stepped load, and forms a beam wave interaction zone with the planar cathode. The permanent magnet is used to provide a guiding magnetic field along the x-direction to electromagnetic waves.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes two cathode side baffles located inside the anode rectangular tube; The two cathode side baffles are respectively vertically parallel to each other on the two side walls of the planar cathode in the x direction, and their top end faces are higher than the surface where the working port of the planar cathode is located, in order to prevent relativistic electron beam leakage.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper surface of the stepped load is stepped, formed by low steps and high steps, with the low steps positioned close to the planar cathode; The active end of the non-uniform diffuse structure is opposite to the low step on the upper surface of the planar cathode and the stepped load.

[0009] Furthermore, the non-uniform diffuse wave structure includes three sets of periodic diffuse wave structures sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the anode rectangular cylinder along the z-axis direction; in: The first group of periodic diffuse wave structures includes two structures. The height of each diffuse wave structure ranges from 5mm to 7mm, the width at its crest ranges from 2mm to 3mm, and the distance between two adjacent diffuse wave structures ranges from 9mm to 11mm. The second group of periodic diffuse wave structures includes seven structures. The height of each diffuse wave structure ranges from 4mm to 6mm, the width at its crest ranges from 1mm to 3mm, and the distance between two adjacent diffuse wave structures ranges from 9mm to 11mm. The third group of periodic diffuse wave structures includes two structures, with a distance between the two structures ranging from 9mm to 11mm. The height of each diffuse wave structure ranges from 3mm to 4mm. The width of the diffuse wave structure near the second group's wave crest ranges from 1mm to 3mm, while the width of the diffuse wave structure away from the second group's wave crest ranges from 2mm to 4mm.

[0010] Furthermore, in the first group of periodic diffuse structures, the height S of each diffuse structure... h11 =6mm, and its width at the crest is S. l12 =2.5mm, the distance S between two adjacent diffuse structures l11 =10mm; In the second group of periodic diffuse structures, the height S of each diffuse structure is... h21 =5mm, and its width at the crest is S. l22 =2mm, the distance S between two adjacent diffuse structures l21 =10mm; In the third group of periodic diffuse structures, the distance between the two diffuse structures is S. l31 =10mm, height S of each diffuse structure h31 =4mm, and the width at the peak of the diffuse structure near the second group is S. l32 =2mm, the width at the peak of the diffuse structure furthest from the second group is S l42 =3mm.

[0011] An electromagnetic wave generation method, employing the aforementioned permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator, is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Start the pulse drive source. The pulse drive source applies a high voltage pulse between the planar cathode and the non-uniform diffuse structure. Step 2: Under the action of a high-voltage pulse, the planar cathode emits a relativistic electron beam vertically upward along the y-axis. The stepped load collects part of the relativistic electron beam to generate a magnetic field along the x-direction. This magnetic field, together with the guiding magnetic field along the x-direction generated by the permanent magnet, constrains the relativistic electron beam emitted by the planar cathode, preventing another part of the relativistic electron beam emitted by the planar cathode from directly bombarding the non-uniform diffuse structure, thereby avoiding a short circuit. Step 3: After passing through the non-uniform diffused wave structure, the relativistic electron beam clusters in the beam-wave interaction region between the planar cathode and the non-uniform diffused wave structure, thereby exciting the TE. 10 Electromagnetic waves in a pattern; Step 4: Under the guidance magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet, TE 10 The electromagnetic waves of the mode are output sequentially from the microwave energy extraction gap between the planar cathode and the stepped load, the bottom surface of the stepped load, and the gap between the anode rectangular cylinder, thus completing the generation of electromagnetic waves.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator and electromagnetic wave generation method provided by the present invention, without affecting the compactness and miniaturization of the device, utilizes a permanent magnet to provide a guiding magnetic field for the device, reduces the need to use load current to provide the magnetic field, and greatly improves the conversion efficiency of the device.

[0013] 2. The present invention also provides cathode side baffles on both sides of the planar cathode. The cathode side baffles can effectively prevent the relativistic electron beam emitted by the planar cathode from leaking from its side, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the oscillator. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing coaxial magnetically insulated oscillator; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet packaging planar magnetically insulated oscillator (pulse drive source not shown) of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent magnet structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the parameters of the non-uniform diffuse structure and the planar cathode in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the parameters of the planar cathode in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 These are cross-sectional views of the planar cathode, non-uniform diffuse structure, stepped load, and anode rectangular tube in the embodiments of the present invention, wherein (a) is a cross-sectional view along the zoy plane, (b) is a cross-sectional view along the xoz plane, and (c) is a cross-sectional view along the xoy plane. Figure 7 This is a simulation result diagram of electromagnetic wave output power in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the simulation results of the electromagnetic wave output frequency in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-Planar cathode, 2-Cathode side baffle, 3-Non-uniform diffuse structure, 4-Stepped load, 5-Anode rectangular tube, 6-Permanent magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] This invention provides a permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator, combined with... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes an anode rectangular tube 5, a cylindrical permanent magnet 6 disposed around the anode rectangular tube 5, a planar cathode 1, a cathode side baffle 2, a non-uniform diffuse wave structure 3 and a stepped load 4 disposed inside the anode rectangular tube 5, and a pulse drive source disposed outside the cylindrical permanent magnet 6. For clarity, this embodiment defines the axis of the permanent magnet 6 as the z-axis, and its two mutually perpendicular radial axes as the x-axis and y-axis, with the y-axis pointing vertically upwards. The two ends of the anode rectangular tube 5 along the z-axis are open, and the anode rectangular tube 5 is electrically connected to the anode of the pulse drive source; The planar cathode 1 and the stepped load 4 are sequentially arranged along the z-axis inside the anode rectangular cylinder 5, with a microwave energy extraction gap between them. This gap is for microwave energy extraction. 10 High-power microwaves of the mode are output from this region;); the planar cathode 1 and the cathode of the pulsed drive source are electrically connected, and the planar cathode 1 is supported and suspended in the middle of the anode rectangular tube 5 through the connection end of the pulsed drive source and the planar cathode 1; the planar cathode 1 is used to emit a relativistic electron beam; The stepped load 4 is connected to the corresponding inner wall of the anode rectangular tube 5 on both sides along the x-direction, and there are gaps between its top and bottom surfaces and the corresponding inner wall of the anode rectangular tube 5 along the y-direction; the upper surface of the stepped load 4 is stepped, formed by low steps and high steps, with the low steps set close to the planar cathode 1; the stepped load 4 is used to collect part of the relativistic electron beam; it is mainly used to collect the remaining relativistic electron beam after removing the electron beam that bombards the non-uniform diffuse structure 3. This part of the collected electron beam can also generate a magnetic field along the x-direction, which, together with the guiding magnetic field along the x-direction generated by the permanent magnet 6, confines the relativistic electron beam emitted by the planar cathode 1, preventing the relativistic electron beam emitted by the planar cathode 1 from directly bombarding the non-uniform diffuse structure 3; A non-uniform diffuse wave structure 3 is disposed above the planar cathode 1 and the stepped load 4, and connected to the inner wall of the anode rectangular cylinder 5. Its active end is opposite to the active end of the planar cathode 1 and the low step on the upper surface of the stepped load 4, forming a beam-wave interaction region with the planar cathode 1. Within this beam-wave interaction region, the relativistic electron beam completes electron beam clustering, and the clustered electron beam is in a high-frequency decelerating electric field, so that the energy of the relativistic electron beam can be effectively transferred to the high-frequency field. The beam-wave interaction region mainly excites the TE in the rectangular waveguide. 10 model; There are two cathode side baffles 2, which are vertically and parallelly arranged on the two side walls of the planar cathode 1 in the x direction. Their top end faces are higher than the surface where the working port of the planar cathode 1 is located. This is to prevent the relativistic electron beam from leaking to the side, so that more initially emitted electrons can enter the beam-wave interaction region along the y direction.

[0018] The permanent magnet 6 is used to provide a guiding magnetic field along the x-direction to electromagnetic waves.

[0019] like Figure 4 As shown, the non-uniform diffuse structure 3 includes three sets of periodic diffuse structures arranged sequentially on the inner wall of the anode rectangular cylinder 5 along the z-axis direction; in: The first group of periodic diffuse wave structures includes two structures, each with a height ranging from 5mm to 7mm, a width at its crest ranging from 2mm to 3mm, and a distance between adjacent structures ranging from 9mm to 11mm. Specifically, in the first group of periodic diffuse wave structures, the height S of each structure is... h11 =6mm, and its width at the crest is S. l12 =2.5mm, the distance S between two adjacent diffuse structures l11 =10mm; The second group of periodic diffuse wave structures comprises seven structures. The height (y-axis length) of each structure ranges from 4mm to 6mm, the width at its crest (z-axis length) ranges from 1mm to 3mm, and the distance between adjacent structures ranges from 9mm to 11mm. Specifically, in the second group of periodic diffuse wave structures, the height S of each structure... h21 =5mm, and its width at the crest is S. l22 =2mm, the distance S between two adjacent diffuse structures l21 =10mm; The third group of periodic diffuse wave structures includes two structures, with a distance between them ranging from 9mm to 11mm. The height of each structure ranges from 3mm to 4mm. The width of the wave crest near the second group ranges from 1mm to 3mm, while the width of the wave crest further away from the second group ranges from 2mm to 4mm. Specifically, in the third group of periodic diffuse wave structures, the distance between the two structures is S. l31 =10mm, height S of each diffuse structure h31 =4mm, and the width at the peak of the diffuse structure near the second group is S. l32 =2mm, the width at the peak of the diffuse structure furthest from the second group is S l42 =3mm.

[0020] like Figure 5 As shown, the key parameter values ​​for the planar cathode 1, the cathode side baffle 2, and the non-uniform diffuse structure 3 are as follows: The length X of the planar cathode 1 along the x-direction d1 =9mm; The height Y of the planar cathode 1 along the y-direction l1 =4.6cm; The distance X between the outer walls of the two cathode side baffles 2 d2=9.8cm; The height Y of the cathode side baffle 2 along the y-direction l2 =4.5mm; The width Z of the planar cathode 1 and the cathode side baffle 2 along the z-direction c1 =10.2cm; The length S of the non-uniform diffuse structure 3 along the x-axis d1 Greater than X d1 .

[0021] The above-mentioned permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator includes the following steps: Step 1: Start the pulse drive source and apply a high voltage pulse between the planar cathode 1 and the non-uniform diffuse structure 3. Step 2, as follows Figure 6 As shown, the planar cathode 1 emits a relativistic electron beam vertically upward along the y-axis under the action of a high-voltage pulse. The stepped load 4 collects part of the relativistic electron beam to generate a magnetic field along the x-direction. This magnetic field, together with the guiding magnetic field along the x-direction generated by the permanent magnet 6, constrains the planar cathode 1 to emit the relativistic electron beam, preventing another part of the relativistic electron beam emitted by the planar cathode 1 from directly bombarding the non-uniform diffuse structure 3, thereby avoiding a short circuit. Step 3: After the relativistic electron beam is acted upon by the non-uniform diffuse structure 3, it clusters in the beam-wave interaction region between the planar cathode 1 and the non-uniform diffuse structure 3, thereby exciting the TE. 10 Electromagnetic waves in a pattern; Step 4: Under the guidance magnetic field provided by permanent magnet 6, TE 10 The electromagnetic waves of the mode are output sequentially from the microwave energy extraction gap between the planar cathode 1 and the stepped load 4, the bottom surface of the stepped load 4 and the gap between the anode rectangular cylinder 5, thus completing the generation of electromagnetic waves.

[0022] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in the simulation, with a diode voltage of 830 kV and a current of 9.6 kA, under the magnetic field configuration generated by the permanent magnet (weighing only 29 kg, with a magnetic field strength of 0.25 T in the beam-wave interaction region), the microwave power output from the microwave energy extraction gap is 3.2 GW, the frequency is 8.96 GHz, and the beam-wave conversion efficiency is 40%. Compared with the existing technology's conversion efficiency of 22%, this embodiment shows a significant improvement in beam-wave conversion efficiency.

[0023] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator, characterized in that: It includes an anode rectangular tube (5), a cylindrical permanent magnet (6) disposed around the anode rectangular tube (5), a planar cathode (1), a non-uniform diffuse wave structure (3) and a stepped load (4) disposed inside the anode rectangular tube (5), and a pulse drive source disposed outside the cylindrical permanent magnet (6); Definition: The axis of the permanent magnet (6) is the z-axis, and its two mutually perpendicular radial axes are the x-axis and y-axis, with the positive y-axis pointing vertically upward; The anode rectangular tube (5) is open at both ends along the z-axis, and the anode rectangular tube (5) is electrically connected to the anode of the pulse drive source; The planar cathode (1) and the stepped load (4) are arranged sequentially in the anode rectangular tube (5) along the z-axis direction, and there is a microwave energy extraction gap between them; the planar cathode (1) is suspended in the middle of the anode rectangular tube (5) and electrically connected to the cathode of the pulse drive source; the planar cathode (1) is used to emit a relativistic electron beam. The stepped load (4) is connected to the corresponding inner wall of the anode rectangular tube (5) on both sides along the x direction, and there is a gap between its top and bottom surfaces along the y direction and the corresponding inner wall of the anode rectangular tube (5); the stepped load (4) is used to collect part of the relativistic electron beam to generate a magnetic field along the x direction. The non-uniform diffuse structure (3) is disposed above the planar cathode (1) and the stepped load (4), and is connected to the inner wall of the anode rectangular tube (5). Its working end is opposite to the planar cathode (1) and the stepped load (4), and forms a beam wave interaction area with the planar cathode (1). The permanent magnet (6) is used to provide a guiding magnetic field along the x-direction to electromagnetic waves.

2. The permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes two cathode side baffles (2) located inside the anode rectangular tube (5); The two cathode side baffles (2) are respectively vertically parallel on the two side walls of the planar cathode (1) in the x direction, and their top end faces are higher than the surface of the working port of the planar cathode (1) to prevent relativistic electron beam leakage.

3. The permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the stepped load (4) is stepped, consisting of a low step and a high step, with the low step positioned close to the planar cathode (1). The active end of the non-uniform diffuse structure (3) is opposite to the low step on the upper surface of the planar cathode (1) and the stepped load (4).

4. The permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: The non-uniform diffuse structure (3) includes three sets of periodic diffuse structures arranged sequentially on the inner wall of the anode rectangular tube (5) along the z-axis direction; in: The first group of periodic diffuse wave structures includes two structures. The height of each diffuse wave structure ranges from 5mm to 7mm, the width at its crest ranges from 2mm to 3mm, and the distance between two adjacent diffuse wave structures ranges from 9mm to 11mm. The second group of periodic diffuse wave structures includes seven structures. The height of each diffuse wave structure ranges from 4mm to 6mm, the width at its crest ranges from 1mm to 3mm, and the distance between two adjacent diffuse wave structures ranges from 9mm to 11mm. The third group of periodic diffuse wave structures includes two structures, with a distance between the two structures ranging from 9mm to 11mm. The height of each diffuse wave structure ranges from 3mm to 4mm. The width of the diffuse wave structure near the second group's wave crest ranges from 1mm to 3mm, while the width of the diffuse wave structure away from the second group's wave crest ranges from 2mm to 4mm.

5. The permanent magnet packaged planar magnetically insulated oscillator according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the first group of periodic diffuse structures, the height S of each diffuse structure is... h11 =6mm, and its width at the crest is S. l12 =2.5mm, the distance S between two adjacent diffuse structures l11 =10mm; In the second group of periodic diffuse structures, the height S of each diffuse structure is... h21 =5mm, and its width at the crest is S. l22 =2mm, the distance S between two adjacent diffuse structures l21 =10mm; In the third group of periodic diffuse structures, the distance between the two diffuse structures is S. l31 =10mm, height S of each diffuse structure h31 =4mm, and the width at the peak of the diffuse structure near the second group is S. l32 =2mm, the width at the peak of the diffuse structure furthest from the second group is S l42 =3mm.

6. A method for generating electromagnetic waves, employing the permanent magnet packaging planar magnetically insulated oscillator according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Start the pulse drive source and apply a high voltage pulse between the planar cathode (1) and the non-uniform diffuse structure (3); Step 2: The planar cathode (1) emits a relativistic electron beam vertically upward along the y-axis under the action of a high-voltage pulse. The stepped load (4) collects part of the relativistic electron beam to generate a magnetic field along the x-direction. This magnetic field, together with the guiding magnetic field along the x-direction generated by the permanent magnet (6), constrains the planar cathode (1) to emit the relativistic electron beam, thus preventing another part of the relativistic electron beam emitted by the planar cathode (1) from directly bombarding the non-uniform diffuse structure (3), thereby avoiding a short circuit. Step 3: After the relativistic electron beam is acted upon by the non-uniform diffuse structure (3), it clusters in the beam-wave interaction region between the planar cathode (1) and the non-uniform diffuse structure (3), thereby exciting the TE. 10 Electromagnetic waves in a pattern; Step 4: Under the guidance magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet (6), TE 10 The electromagnetic waves of the mode are output sequentially from the microwave energy extraction gap between the planar cathode (1) and the stepped load (4), the bottom surface of the stepped load (4), and the gap between the anode rectangular tube (5), thus completing the generation of electromagnetic waves.

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