Movable type placer gravity separation system and separation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine beneficiation, and discloses a placer movable type gravity separation system and method, and the placer movable type gravity separation system comprises a movable type bearing base, an impact crusher, a spiral classifier and a plurality of parallel shaking tables; a spiral classifier is matched with an intelligent concentration monitoring system. The intelligent concentration monitoring system is composed of an ore pulp concentration sensor, a flow sensor, a PLC and an electric adjusting valve. The feeding end of each shaking table is connected with the discharging end of the spiral classifier through a flow dividing pipeline, and a flow distributing valve is arranged on the flow dividing pipeline. A damping device and crawler-type moving wheels are integrated at the bottom of the movable bearing base, the whole machine is in communication connection with the equipment through a central control cabinet, and data communication and material conveying closed-loop linkage of the raw material crushing unit, the ore pulp grading and concentration regulation and control unit, the multi-machine parallel gravity separation unit, the movable operation regulation and control unit and the central control unit are achieved. The intelligent control framework has the advantages of being accurate in ore pulp concentration regulation and control, high in treatment capacity and stable and reliable in moving operation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine beneficiation, in particular to a mobile gravity separation system for placer and a separation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The heavy minerals such as gold, silver, tin and tungsten minerals, ilmenite and the like contained in placer and river sand can be efficiently recovered by gravity separation process due to the significant density difference between the heavy minerals and gangue minerals.

[0003] In the prior art, the process flow of crushing, classification and gravity separation is generally used for the separation of such placer. For example, the tungsten ore waste rock and tungsten tailings resource utilization method disclosed in the comparative document CN111686927B recovers useful minerals through the steps of jaw crushing, screening classification and table gravity separation. However, this technology is mainly aimed at tungsten ore waste rock and tailings in a fixed processing plant environment, and the core target is to recover quartz, tungsten concentrate and prepare machine-made sand, and does not consider or adapt to the special needs of the dispersion of placer and river sand resources and the need for frequent mobile operations.

[0004] At present, in order to adapt to the dispersion of placer resources, a mobile separation scheme based on an impact crusher, a spiral classifier and a table is appeared in the market. This scheme uses impact crushing to reduce over-crushing, uses a spiral classifier to preliminarily control the concentration of the ore slurry, and uses a table to realize the final separation of heavy minerals, and has site adaptability. However, this scheme has obvious deficiencies in actual application. First, the control of the concentration of the ore slurry mainly depends on the experience of the operator, and the degree of automation and precision is low, and the fluctuation of the concentration easily leads to unstable bed layer of the table, which directly affects the recovery rate and grade of the heavy minerals. Second, due to the limitation of the processing capacity of a single table, the processing capacity of the whole system per unit time is low, and it is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale or high-grade placer mining. Finally, when moving in the uneven field in the wild, the whole equipment vibrates violently, which not only accelerates the wear of mechanical parts, but also easily causes uncontrolled deviation of the separation parameters (such as impact frequency and inclination), which destroys the stability of the separation process.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical scheme that can systematically optimize the accurate control of the concentration of the ore slurry, the improvement of the processing capacity and the stability of the mobile operation. SUMMARY

[0006] (I) Technical problems solved

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a mobile gravity separation system for placer and a separation method, which has the advantages of accurate control of the concentration of the ore slurry, high processing capacity and stable and reliable mobile operation, and solves the problems of low separation efficiency, limited single-machine processing capacity and influence of equipment vibration on the stability and service life of the operation in the prior art.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a mobile gravity separation system for sand ore, comprising a mobile support base, an impact crusher, a spiral classifier, and multiple parallel shaking tables; the spiral classifier is equipped with an intelligent concentration monitoring system, which consists of a slurry concentration sensor, a flow sensor, a PLC controller, and an electric regulating valve; the feed end of each shaking table is connected to the discharge end of the spiral classifier via a diversion pipe, and a flow distribution valve is installed on the diversion pipe; the bottom of the mobile support base integrates a shock absorption device and tracked wheels; the entire machine is communicatively connected to the above equipment through a central control cabinet, realizing data communication and closed-loop linkage of the raw material crushing unit, the slurry classification and concentration control unit, the multi-machine parallel gravity separation unit, the mobile operation control unit, and the central control unit, as detailed below:

[0010] The raw material crushing unit adaptively adjusts the crushing parameters of the preset impact crusher to precisely crush the sand and ore raw materials and suppress over-crushing; the crushed products are continuously fed into the spiral classifier via a closed-loop belt scale at a set flow rate to avoid material accumulation or supply interruption.

[0011] The slurry classification and concentration control unit is composed of a spiral classifier and an intelligent concentration monitoring system, which collects slurry concentration and flow rate in real time and uploads them to the central control cabinet. The PLC controller completes the comparison within 0.5 seconds. When the concentration deviates from the threshold, it automatically adjusts the opening of the electric water supply valve and the discharge valve to achieve slurry concentration stability.

[0012] The multi-machine parallel gravity separation unit adopts multiple shaking tables arranged in parallel. The central control cabinet uniformly sets the tilt angle, stroke and stroke of each shaking table according to the mineral type. Its built-in diversion control subunit automatically controls the feed rate and average deviation of a single shaking table. The concentrate and tailings are collected in a centralized chute to achieve efficient separation of heavy minerals and gangue.

[0013] The mobile operation control unit enables the machine to be quickly moved around via tracked wheels, and the shock absorption device and vibration sensor monitor the operating posture in real time. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the limit, the central control cabinet immediately links to reduce the crusher speed and adjust the shaking table stroke to stabilize the sorting parameters.

[0014] The central control unit serves as the system hub, integrating data acquisition, parameter setting, linkage control, abnormal alarm, and shutdown protection functions. All operating data is displayed visually, and an audible and visual alarm is immediately triggered when any parameter exceeds the limit. The system automatically corrects or shuts down in an emergency according to the level of abnormality, enabling the system to operate safely in complex terrains such as river channels and sand pits.

[0015] Preferably, in the intelligent concentration monitoring system, the slurry concentration sensor and flow sensor are installed on the discharge pipe of the spiral classifier, and the electric regulating valves are respectively installed on the water supply pipe and the discharge pipe of the spiral classifier; the PLC controller has a pre-stored slurry concentration threshold of 10%-35% and can automatically adjust the valve opening according to the data collected by the sensor. Its slurry concentration control discriminant formula is:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, This indicates the preset slurry concentration threshold. This indicates the real-time value collected by the slurry concentration sensor.

[0018] Preferably, the number of shaking tables is 2-6, all of which are single-layer grooved shaking tables with a groove depth of 2-5mm and a groove spacing of 8-10mm; the tilt angle of the shaking table is controlled at 5°-8°, the stroke is controlled at 8-12mm, and the stroke rate is controlled at 280-320 times / min. The selection formula for the shaking table parameters is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, Indicates the tilt angle of the shaking table. Indicates the stroke, Indicates the number of strokes.

[0021] Preferably, the shock absorption device includes rubber shock-absorbing pads and spring shock absorbers. The rubber shock-absorbing pads are laid on the connection surfaces between each piece of equipment and the mobile support base, with a thickness of 40-60mm. The spring shock absorbers are installed at the four corners and the middle of the bottom of the base, with a total of 4-6 sets.

[0022] Preferably, the impact crusher is a vertical shaft impact crusher, and the particle size of the crushed product is controlled within 0.1-10mm; a flow distribution valve is provided on the diversion pipe to adjust the feed rate of each shaking table, including the following control logic:

[0023] (1) The discriminant for qualified crushed particle size is:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, This indicates the discharge particle size of the vertical shaft impact crusher. When the particle size exceeds the above range, the system will automatically return part or all of the material to the crusher and readjust the crushing parameters until the discharge particle size meets the requirements.

[0026] (2) The discriminant for parallel operation of the shaking table is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, Indicates the number of parallel shaking tables. This represents the feed amount of the i-th shaking table. This indicates the total discharge flow rate of the spiral classifier. The system dynamically adjusts the flow rate of each branch through the flow distribution valve so that the deviation between the feed rate of each shaking table and the average feed rate does not exceed 5%.

[0029] Preferably, the central control cabinet integrates a touch screen, a data acquisition module, and an alarm module, which can display slurry concentration, flow rate, shaking table operating parameters, and equipment vibration data in real time; when the parameters deviate from the preset threshold, the system automatically issues an audible and visual alarm and triggers a shutdown.

[0030] A mobile gravity separation method for placer ore, comprising crushing, grading, gravity separation, product collection, and mobile operation control of placer ore based on the aforementioned mobile gravity separation system, including the following gravity separation steps:

[0031] Step 1: Raw material crushing: The sand ore raw material is crushed by an impact crusher, and the product particle size is controlled between 0.1-10mm;

[0032] Step 2, Slurry Classification and Concentration Control: The crushed products enter a spiral classifier to prepare slurry, and the intelligent concentration monitoring system adjusts the slurry concentration to 10%-35% in real time;

[0033] Step 3: Parallel separation of multiple shaking tables: The slurry is distributed to multiple shaking tables through a distribution pipeline. The shaking table parameters are adjusted according to the mineral type to achieve heavy mineral separation.

[0034] Step 4, Product Collection: The concentrate from the shaking table is collected and the tailings are sent to the tailings collection tank;

[0035] Step 5, Mobile Operation Control: Adjust the equipment position using tracked wheels, and monitor the equipment's operating status in real time from the central control cabinet.

[0036] Preferably, in step two, when the slurry concentration deviates from the preset threshold ±3%, the PLC controller automatically adjusts the opening of the electric regulating valve in the water supply pipeline, with an adjustment response time ≤0.5s; in step three, when separating gold, silver, tin-tungsten ore or ilmenite, the shaking table parameters are reset according to their properties.

[0037] Preferably, in step five, when the equipment vibration amplitude is greater than 5 mm / s, the central control cabinet issues an alarm signal and simultaneously adjusts the operating parameters of the impact crusher and the shaking table to reduce the vibration amplitude.

[0038] Preferably, in step five, the discriminant for the equipment vibration amplitude is:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, This indicates the real-time data collected by the vibration sensor on the mobile support base.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a mobile gravity separation system and method for sand ore, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. This invention improves the accuracy of slurry concentration control through real-time acquisition and automatic adjustment of an intelligent concentration monitoring system, effectively avoiding the impact of concentration fluctuations on the shaking table separation effect, stabilizing the heavy mineral recovery rate of the separation process of this invention, and achieving a significant improvement in the accuracy of slurry concentration control.

[0043] 2. By adding a shock-absorbing device, this invention reduces the vibration amplitude of the equipment during mobile operation, reduces wear on equipment parts, effectively avoids deviation of sorting parameters, ensures the stability of sorting quality, and ultimately achieves stable mobile operation. In addition, the design of multiple shaking tables operating in parallel doubles the processing capacity per unit time and improves the sorting efficiency of the shaking tables, thereby meeting the production capacity requirements of large-scale sand mining operations and ultimately significantly increasing the sorting capacity.

[0044] 3. This invention, by employing tracked mobile wheels, can easily enter and exit complex terrains such as river channels and sand pits, and can move as it is being mined, thus expanding the operating radius. Through the central control cabinet, various heavy mineral shaking table parameter packages for gold, silver, tin, tungsten, and ilmenite are pre-set. Its intelligent one-button switching function can automatically match the optimal tilt angle, stroke, and stroke rate without manual adjustment, thus broadening the sorting boundary. The whole machine integrates crushing, grading, gravity separation, and movement into a one-button start-stop process through centralized monitoring and linkage control, thereby greatly reducing the operating threshold. Even unskilled personnel can ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment, achieving simultaneous enhancement of adaptability and ease of use.

[0045] 4. The gravity separation process principle upon which this invention system relies is particularly suitable for coarse-grained disseminated tantalite, columbite-type placer or vein deposits, and can be extended to minerals such as tin, wolframite, rutile, zircon, and placer gold. By using spiral sluices, shaking tables, and jigs, single gravity separation can achieve enrichment of 5-10 times, and combined with other processes, the total enrichment can reach 10-20 times. This gives the system the advantages of the lowest cost and suitability for large-scale tailings disposal. This mobile system is based on this efficient and low-cost process, and through integrated, intelligent, and mobile design, it ultimately achieves stable and enhanced process effects. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the sorting process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 A mobile gravity separation system for sand ore includes a mobile support base, an impact crusher, a spiral classifier, and multiple parallel shaking tables. The spiral classifier is equipped with an intelligent concentration monitoring system, which consists of a slurry concentration sensor, a flow sensor, a PLC controller, and electric regulating valves. The feed end of each shaking table is connected to the discharge end of the spiral classifier via a diversion pipe, and the diversion pipe is equipped with a flow distribution valve with a diversion accuracy of ≤±5%. The mobile support base integrates a shock absorption device and tracked wheels at its bottom. The entire system is connected to the above equipment via a central control cabinet, enabling closed-loop linkage of data communication and material conveying between the raw material crushing unit, the slurry classification and concentration control unit, the multi-machine parallel gravity separation unit, the mobile operation control unit, and the central control unit. This ensures continuous and stable integrated mobile operation. Specifically:

[0049] The raw material crushing unit is based on an impact crusher. Through preset crushing parameters, it can accurately crush sand and ore raw materials and suppress over-crushing. The crushed products are continuously fed into the spiral classifier by a closed-loop belt scale at a set flow rate to avoid material accumulation or supply interruption.

[0050] The slurry classification and concentration control unit consists of a spiral classifier and an intelligent concentration monitoring system, which collects slurry concentration and flow rate in real time and uploads them to the central control cabinet. The PLC controller completes the comparison within 0.5 seconds. When the concentration deviates from the threshold, it automatically adjusts the opening of the electric water supply valve and the discharge valve to ensure that the downstream shaking table obtains a stable concentration of slurry.

[0051] The multi-machine parallel gravity separation unit adopts multiple shaking tables arranged in parallel. The central control cabinet uniformly sets the tilt angle, stroke and stroke of each shaking table according to the mineral type. Its built-in diversion control sub-unit ensures that the feed rate of a single shaking table deviates from the average value by ≤5%. The concentrate and tailings are collected centrally through the collection chute to achieve efficient separation of heavy minerals and gangue.

[0052] The mobile operation control unit enables the machine to be quickly moved to another location via tracked wheels. The shock absorption device and vibration sensor monitor the operating posture in real time. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the limit, the central control cabinet immediately links to reduce the crusher speed and adjust the shaking table stroke to stabilize the sorting parameters.

[0053] The central control unit serves as the system hub, integrating data acquisition, parameter setting, linkage control, abnormal alarm, and shutdown protection functions. All operating data is displayed visually, and an audible and visual alarm is immediately triggered when any parameter exceeds the limit. The system automatically corrects or shuts down in an emergency according to the level of abnormality, ensuring safe, continuous, and efficient operation of the system in complex terrains such as rivers and sand pits.

[0054] The advantages are: by adopting tracked mobile wheels, it can easily enter and exit complex terrains such as river channels and sand pits, and move along with mining operations, thus expanding the operating radius; through the central control cabinet, various heavy mineral shaking table parameter packages for gold, silver, tin, tungsten, and ilmenite are pre-set, and its intelligent one-button switching function can automatically match the optimal tilt angle, stroke, and stroke frequency without manual adjustment, thus widening the sorting boundary; the whole machine integrates crushing, grading, gravity separation, and movement into a one-button start-stop process through centralized monitoring and linkage control, thereby greatly reducing the operating threshold and ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment even for unskilled personnel, achieving simultaneous enhancement of adaptability and ease of use.

[0055] This system relies on the principle of gravity separation. Gravity separation (basic enrichment, first choice pre-sequence) is particularly suitable for coarse-grained disseminated tantalite, columbite-type placer or vein deposits, and can be extended to minerals such as tin, wolframite, rutile, zircon, and placer gold. By using spiral sluices, shaking tables and jigs, it can achieve a single gravity separation enrichment of 5-10 times, and a total enrichment of 10-20 times when combined with other processes. This gives the system the advantages of the lowest cost and suitability for large-scale tailings disposal. This mobile system is based on this efficient and low-cost process, and through integrated, intelligent and mobile design, it ultimately achieves stable and enhanced process effects.

[0056] Specifically, in the intelligent concentration monitoring system, slurry concentration sensors and flow sensors are installed on the discharge pipe of the spiral classifier, and electrically adjustable valves are installed on the water supply pipe and discharge pipe of the spiral classifier, respectively; the PLC controller has a pre-stored slurry concentration threshold of 10%-35% and can automatically adjust the valve opening based on the data collected by the sensors. Its slurry concentration control discriminant formula is:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, This indicates the preset pulp concentration threshold (20%-25% for gold and silver ore, 25%-30% for tin and tungsten ore, and 15%-20% for ilmenite). This indicates the real-time value collected by the slurry concentration sensor.

[0059] The advantages are: through real-time acquisition and automatic adjustment of the intelligent concentration monitoring system, the slurry concentration control accuracy is improved by 30%, effectively avoiding the impact of concentration fluctuations on the shaking table separation effect, and making the heavy mineral recovery rate of the separation process of this invention stably increase by 5%-8%, thus achieving a significant improvement in the slurry concentration control accuracy.

[0060] Specifically, the number of shaking tables is 2-6, all of which are single-layer grooved shaking tables with a groove depth of 2-5mm and a groove spacing of 8-10mm. The tilt angle of the shaking tables is controlled at 5°-8°, the stroke is controlled at 8-12mm, and the stroke rate is controlled at 280-320 strokes / min. The selection formula for the shaking table parameters is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, Indicates the tilt angle of the shaking table. Indicates the stroke, Indicates the number of strokes.

[0063] The advantages are: by designing multiple shaking tables to operate in parallel, the processing capacity per unit time is doubled, the shaking table sorting efficiency is increased by 25%-30%, which can meet the capacity requirements of large-scale sand mining operations and ultimately greatly increase the sorting and processing capacity.

[0064] Specifically, the shock absorption device includes rubber shock-absorbing pads and spring shock absorbers. The rubber shock-absorbing pads are laid on the connection surface between each piece of equipment and the mobile load-bearing base, with a thickness of 40-60mm. The spring shock absorbers are installed at the four corners and the middle of the bottom of the base, with a total of 4-6 sets.

[0065] The advantages are: by adding a shock-absorbing device, the vibration amplitude of the equipment during mobile operation is reduced by 40%, reducing the wear of equipment parts, thereby avoiding the deviation of sorting parameters, ensuring the stability of sorting quality, and ultimately achieving stability of mobile operation.

[0066] Specifically, the impact crusher is a vertical shaft impact crusher, and the particle size of the crushed product is controlled between 0.1-10mm; the diversion pipe is equipped with a flow distribution valve to adjust the feed rate of each shaking table, including the following control logic:

[0067] (1) The discriminant for qualified crushed particle size is:

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, This indicates the discharge particle size of the vertical shaft impact crusher. When the particle size exceeds the above range, the system will automatically return part or all of the material to the crusher and readjust the crushing parameters (such as rotor speed, feed rate, etc.) until the discharge particle size meets the requirements.

[0070] (2) The discriminant for parallel operation of the shaking table is:

[0071]

[0072] In the formula, Indicates the number of parallel shaking tables. This represents the feed amount of the i-th shaking table. This indicates the total discharge flow rate of the spiral classifier. The system dynamically adjusts the flow rate of each branch through the flow distribution valve to ensure that the deviation between the feed rate of each shaking table and the average feed rate does not exceed 5%, thus ensuring that the load of each shaking table is uniform and the sorting efficiency is consistent.

[0073] The above-mentioned discrimination conditions together constitute closed-loop control logic, realizing the continuous and stable operation of the crushing-grading-sorting process.

[0074] Specifically, the central control cabinet integrates a touch screen, a data acquisition module, and an alarm module, which can display slurry concentration, flow rate, shaking table operating parameters, and equipment vibration data in real time. When the parameters deviate from the preset threshold, the system automatically issues an audible and visual alarm and triggers a shutdown.

[0075] A mobile gravity separation method for placer ore is disclosed. This method is based on the unit collaborative logic of the aforementioned system and revolves around an intelligent linkage process that includes precise matching of crushing parameters, dynamic control of slurry concentration, parallel separation using multiple shaking tables, and stable adaptation for mobile operation. The separation steps controlled by the units are as follows:

[0076] Step 1: Presetting crushing parameters and raw material processing: Based on the particle size distribution of the sand ore raw material and the target crushing particle size, the operating parameters of the impact crushing module are preset through the central control unit; after the sand ore raw material enters the crushing unit, it is crushed according to the preset parameters, and the crushed product is stably transported to the slurry classification and concentration control unit through the conveying link;

[0077] Step 2, Slurry Preparation and Concentration Control: The crushed product enters the spiral classification module, and clean water is simultaneously introduced to prepare slurry; the intelligent concentration monitoring subunit collects slurry concentration data in real time, and the central control unit automatically adjusts the flow rate of the water supply pipeline and the slurry discharge flow rate according to the preset concentration threshold to stably control the slurry concentration within the target range;

[0078] Step 3: Parallel separation by multiple shaking tables: The slurry, after concentration control, is transported to each parallel shaking table according to the principle of uniform distribution through the diversion control subunit; according to the type of mineral to be separated, the shaking table parameter scheme preset in the central control unit is called to start the shaking table for gravity separation, ensuring the efficient recovery of different types of heavy minerals;

[0079] Step 4: Centralized collection of products: The concentrate produced by each shaking table is collected through a centralized conveying link and then transported to the concentrate storage bin; the tailings enter the tailings collection tank, and the dewatering process is started simultaneously according to the operation requirements to achieve standardized collection of the sorted products.

[0080] Step 5, Mobile Operation and Dynamic Adaptation: During operation, the mobile operation control unit monitors the equipment vibration data and operation position in real time. When the vibration amplitude is >5mm / s, the central control unit automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the crushing unit and the re-selection unit to reduce vibration interference. When it is necessary to change the operation area, the equipment position is adjusted through the mobile drive module. During the movement, each unit can be kept at low load standby. After arriving at the correct position, normal operation can be quickly resumed, improving operation efficiency.

[0081] Specifically, in step two, when the slurry concentration deviates from the preset threshold by ±3%, the PLC controller automatically adjusts the opening of the electric regulating valve in the water supply pipeline, with an adjustment response time of ≤0.5s;

[0082] Specifically, in step three:

[0083] (1) When separating gold and silver ore, the shaking table parameters are set as follows: inclination angle 5°-6°, stroke 8-10mm, stroke rate 280-300 times / min;

[0084] (2) When separating tin-tungsten ore or ilmenite, the shaking table parameters are set as follows: tilt angle 7°-8°, stroke 11-12mm, stroke rate 310-320 times / min.

[0085] Specifically, in step five, when the equipment vibration amplitude is greater than 5 mm / s, the central control cabinet issues an alarm signal and simultaneously adjusts the operating parameters of the impact crusher and the shaking table to reduce the vibration amplitude.

[0086] Specifically, in step five, the discriminant for equipment vibration amplitude is:

[0087]

[0088] In the formula, This indicates the real-time data collected by the vibration sensor on the mobile support base.

[0089] The advantages are: based on impact crushers, spiral classifiers and shaking tables, by adding an intelligent concentration monitoring system, a multi-shaking table parallel mechanism and a shock-absorbing base, the synergistic optimization of precise control of slurry concentration, increased processing capacity and enhanced movement stability can be achieved.

[0090] Example

[0091] Taking the mobile sorting of gold ore in a river placer as an example, the specific implementation parameters are as follows:

[0092] (1) Impact crusher: Model PL-800 vertical shaft impact crusher, with a processing capacity of 50-80t / h and a crushed product particle size controlled at 0.1-8mm;

[0093] (2) Spiral classifier: Model FG-1200 spiral classifier, preset slurry concentration threshold 20%-25%; the intelligent concentration monitoring system adopts MC-300 slurry concentration sensor (measurement accuracy ±1%), flow sensor model FS-200 (measurement range 0-50m³ / h), PLC controller model S7-200 SMART;

[0094] (3) Shaking table: Four LY-1100×5000 single-layer shaking tables are set in parallel, with an inclination angle of 6°, a stroke of 10mm, and a stroke rate of 300 times / min; the flow distribution valve model F-100 is used to ensure that the feed amount of each shaking table is uniform.

[0095] (4) Mobile bearing base: The tracked mobile base is adopted, with dimensions of 6m×3m×1.5m; the shock absorption device uses 50mm thick rubber shock absorption pads and JB-50 spring shock absorbers. There are 6 sets of spring shock absorbers, which are installed at the four corners and the middle of the base respectively.

[0096] (5) Central control cabinet: integrates touch screen and data acquisition module, displays slurry concentration, flow rate, shaking table operating parameters and vibration data in real time, and sets alarm thresholds as follows: slurry concentration deviation ±3% and vibration amplitude > 5mm / s.

[0097] Verification of implementation results: The gold grade of the raw ore in this river sand mine is 1.0 g / t. When using the existing "impact crusher + spiral classifier + single shaking table" scheme, the slurry concentration fluctuates within ±8%, the gold recovery rate is 62%, the processing capacity per unit time is 25 t / h, and the equipment vibration amplitude is 8-10 mm / s during mobile operation.

[0098] After adopting the optimized scheme of this invention, the implementation effects are as follows: By controlling the slurry concentration, the fluctuation range of the slurry concentration is reduced to ±2%, the control accuracy is improved by 37.5%, and the slurry concentration meets the preset threshold requirements; by operating four shaking tables in parallel, the processing capacity per unit time is increased to 55t / h, doubling the processing capacity; the gold recovery rate is increased to 68%, and the sorting efficiency is increased by 9.7%, achieving simultaneous improvement in processing capacity and sorting efficiency; by reducing the equipment vibration amplitude to 4-5mm / s, which is 40%-50% lower than the existing scheme, the wear rate of equipment parts is reduced by 30%, achieving stability of equipment movement operation; by using an intelligent control system, only one operator is needed for parameter monitoring and equipment movement control, which is 50% lower than the configuration of two operators in the existing scheme, effectively reducing the operational intensity.

[0099] Adaptation to other application scenarios: This solution is also applicable to the separation of tin-tungsten ore and ilmenite in placer deposits, requiring only the adjustment of the following parameters:

[0100] (1) Slurry concentration: The preset threshold for tin-tungsten ore beneficiation is 25%-30%, and the preset threshold for ilmenite beneficiation is 15%-20%;

[0101] (2) Shaking table parameters: The tilt angle of tin-tungsten ore separation is adjusted to 7°-8°, the stroke is 11-12mm, and the stroke rate is 310-320 times / min; the tilt angle of ilmenite separation is adjusted to 7°, the stroke is 11mm, and the stroke rate is 310 times / min.

[0102] (3) Impact crusher: Adjust the crushing parameters according to the hardness of the mineral. The particle size of the crushed tin-tungsten ore is controlled at 0.1-10mm, and the particle size of the crushed ilmenite is controlled at 0.1-6mm.

[0103] In summary, this invention, based on the traditional mobile sorting architecture of impact crusher + spiral classifier + shaking table, introduces a closed-loop concentration control system composed of an intelligent concentration monitoring system, a parallel gravity separation mechanism for multiple shaking tables operating in parallel, and a support base integrating shock absorption and movement control functions. This achieves precise suppression of slurry concentration fluctuations, a significant increase in processing capacity per unit time, and a significant enhancement of equipment stability in complex terrain, forming a synergistically optimized overall technical solution. The modular and parametric design of this invention gives it high process adaptability. By simply adjusting the preset concentration threshold, shaking table motion parameters, and crushing particle size range for different target minerals (such as the aforementioned tin-tungsten ore and ilmenite), it can quickly switch and efficiently sort, thereby greatly expanding the applicability of this sorting process in the field of comprehensive recovery of placer resources.

[0104] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mobile, alluvial, dry, gravity separation system, characterised in that, The mobile bearing base, the impact crusher, the spiral classifier and multiple parallel shaking tables are included; the spiral classifier is matched with an intelligent concentration monitoring system which is composed of a pulp concentration sensor, a flow sensor, a PLC controller and an electric regulating valve; the feed end of each shaking table is connected with the discharge end of the spiral classifier through a shunt pipeline, and a flow distribution valve is arranged on the shunt pipeline; the mobile bearing base is integrated with a damping device and a caterpillar track mobile wheel at the bottom; the whole machine is communicatively connected with the above-mentioned devices through a central control cabinet, so as to realize data communication and material conveying closed-loop linkage of the raw material crushing unit, the pulp grading and concentration control unit, the multiple-machine parallel gravity separation unit, the mobile operation control unit and the central control unit, and the specific implementation is as follows: The raw material crushing unit adjusts the crushing parameters of the preset impact crusher to accurately crush the raw material of the placer and inhibit over-crushing; the crushing product is continuously fed into the spiral classifier at a set flow rate through the closed-loop belt scale to avoid material stacking or supply interruption; The pulp grading and concentration control unit is composed of the spiral classifier and the intelligent concentration monitoring system, which collects the pulp concentration and flow rate in real time and uploads them to the central control cabinet; the PLC controller compares the data within 0.5s, and automatically adjusts the opening of the electric water supplement valve and the discharge valve when the concentration deviates from the threshold value, so as to stabilize the pulp concentration; The multiple-machine parallel gravity separation unit adopts multiple parallel shaking tables, and the central control cabinet sets the inclination, stroke and stroke frequency of each shaking table according to the type of minerals; The built-in shunt control subunit automatically controls the feed amount and average deviation of a single shaking table, and the concentrate and tailings are collected through the collection chute respectively, so as to realize efficient separation of heavy minerals and gangue; The mobile operation control unit realizes rapid scene switching of the whole machine through the caterpillar track mobile wheel, and the damping device and vibration sensor monitor the running posture in real time; when the vibration amplitude exceeds the limit, the central control cabinet immediately links to reduce the rotating speed of the crusher and adjust the stroke frequency of the shaking table, so as to stabilize the separation parameters; The central control unit serves as the hub of the system, and integrates data acquisition, parameter setting, linkage control, abnormal alarm and shutdown protection functions; all running data are visually displayed, and sound and light alarms are given when any parameter exceeds the limit, and the system is automatically corrected or urgently stopped according to the abnormal level, so as to realize safe operation of the system in complex terrains such as rivers and sand fields.

2. A sand mine mobile re- selection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the intelligent concentration monitoring system, the pulp concentration sensor and the flow sensor are installed on the discharge pipeline of the spiral classifier, and the electric regulating valve is installed on the water supplement pipeline and the discharge pipeline of the spiral classifier; the PLC controller pre-stores the pulp concentration threshold value of 10%-35%, and can automatically adjust the valve opening according to the sensor acquisition data; the pulp concentration control discriminant is as follows: ； In the formula, represents a preset ore pulp concentration threshold value, represents a real-time acquisition value of the ore pulp concentration sensor.

3. A sand mine mobile re- selection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of shaking tables is 2-6, all of which are single-layer grooved shaking tables, the bed surface groove depth is 2-5mm, the groove spacing is 8-10mm; the inclination of the shaking table is controlled at 5°-8°, the stroke is controlled at 8-12mm, and the stroke frequency is controlled at 280-320 times / min; the shaking table parameter selection discriminant is as follows: ； In the formula, denotes the tilt angle of the shaker, denotes the stroke, denotes the stroke frequency.

4. A sand mine mobile re- selection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shock-absorbing device comprises rubber shock-absorbing pads and spring shock absorbers, wherein the rubber shock-absorbing pads are laid on the connecting surfaces of each device and the mobile bearing base, and the thickness is 40-60 mm; the spring shock absorbers are installed at the four corners and the middle of the base bottom, and there are 4-6 groups in total.

5. A sand mine mobile re- selection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact crusher is a vertical shaft impact crusher, and the particle size of the broken product is controlled to be 0.1-10 mm; a flow distribution valve is arranged on the shunt pipeline, which is used for adjusting the feeding amount of each shaking table, and the following control logic is included: (1) the broken particle size qualified discriminant is: ； In the formula, The vertical shaft impact crusher discharge particle size is represented, when the particle size exceeds the above range, the system automatically returns part or all of the material to the crusher, and adjusts the crushing parameters again until the discharge particle size meets the requirements. (2) the shaking table parallel operation discriminant is: ； In the formula, represents the number of parallel shaker, represents the feed amount of the i-th shaker, represents the total discharge flow of the spiral classifier, and the system dynamically adjusts the flow of each branch through the flow distribution valve, so that the feed amount of each shaker deviates from the average feed amount by not more than 5%.

6. A sand mine mobile re- selection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control cabinet integrates a touch screen, a data acquisition module and an alarm module, can display the pulp concentration, flow, shaking table operation parameters and equipment vibration data in real time; when the parameters deviate from the preset threshold value, the system automatically sends an audible and visual alarm and triggers the shutdown.

7. A mobile alluvial heavy mineral concentration method, characterised in that, The mobile placer alluvial separation system according to claims 1-6 is used for crushing, grading, gravity separation, product collection and mobile operation control of placer alluvial, and the following gravity separation steps are included: Step one, raw material crushing: the placer alluvial raw material is crushed by the impact crusher, and the particle size of the product is controlled to be 0.1-10 mm; Step two, pulp grading and concentration control: the crushed product enters the spiral classifier to prepare the pulp, and the intelligent concentration monitoring system adjusts the pulp concentration to 10%-35% in real time; Step three, multi-shaking table parallel separation: the pulp is distributed to multiple shaking tables through the shunt pipeline, and the shaking table parameters are adjusted according to the mineral type to realize the separation of heavy minerals; Step four, product collection: the shaking table concentrate is collected, and the tailings enter the tailings collection tank; Step five, mobile operation control: the device position is adjusted through the tracked mobile wheel, and the central control cabinet monitors the device operation state in real time.

8. A method of mobile alluvial heavy mineral concentration according to claim 7, characterised in that, In the step two, when the pulp concentration deviates from the preset threshold value ±3%, the PLC controller automatically adjusts the opening degree of the electric regulating valve of the water supplement pipeline, and the adjustment response time is ≤0.5 s; in the step three, when gold and silver, tin and tungsten, or ilmenite is separated, the shaking table parameters are reset according to the properties.

9. A method of mobile alluvial heavy mineral concentration according to claim 7, characterised in that, In the step five, when the equipment vibration amplitude is >5 mm / s, the central control cabinet sends an alarm signal, and adjusts the operation parameters of the impact crusher and the shaking table to reduce the vibration amplitude.

10. A method of mobile alluvial heavy mineral concentration according to claim 9, wherein, In the step five, the equipment vibration amplitude discriminant is: ； In the formula, represents the real-time acquisition value of the mobile bearing base vibration sensor.

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