Bridge pile cap scour protection device

Abstract

The application discloses a bridge bearing platform anti-scour protection device, and relates to the technical field of bridge bearing platform protection, which comprises a bridge bearing platform body, and an anti-scour protection mechanism is arranged on the outer surface of the bridge bearing platform body. When the application is used, the outer part of the bridge bearing platform body is sequentially provided with a peripheral energy dissipation module, a flexible soil fixation module, a rigid protection module and a buffer module. When water flows, the peripheral energy dissipation module first dissipates energy and guides flow, thereby reducing the impact force of the water flow. The flexible soil fixation module is responsible for intercepting silt and gravel particles, so that the rigid protection module is prevented from being impacted by the silt and gravel, the rigid protection module forms a closed rigid barrier, and the direct contact between the water flow and the silt is completely isolated. Finally, the buffer module buffers and absorbs shocks, so that the bridge bearing platform body is prevented from being damaged by concentrated impact. The four modules are combined to realize the whole-process protection of energy dissipation, soil fixation, isolation and buffering, the anti-scour efficiency is improved, and the structural integrity of the bridge bearing platform body is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge abutment protection technology, specifically to a bridge abutment anti-scour protection device. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge abutments are the core load-bearing components of the bridge substructure, located between the piers and the pile foundations. They are mostly rectangular, circular, or polygonal reinforced concrete structures, mainly used to bear the vertical loads, horizontal loads, and bending moments transmitted from the superstructure, and to evenly distribute the loads to the multiple pile foundations below, preventing excessive stress on any single pile foundation.

[0003] In existing technologies, when some bridge abutments are buried, part of them are located below the riverbed and part of them are exposed above the riverbed surface. The exposed part is submerged in water for a long time and is subject to the scouring effect of water flow. The water flow carries mud, sand, pebbles and other particles that impact the outside of the abutment, which gradually wears down the concrete protective layer, making the protective layer thinner or even peeling off. Ultimately, this leads to the exposure of the internal steel reinforcement, which damages the structural integrity of the abutment, destroys the overall load-bearing performance of the abutment, and makes it impossible to effectively and evenly transfer the superstructure load to the pile foundation, thus reducing the safety of the bridge.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a bridge abutment scour protection device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bridge abutment anti-scouring protection device to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the part of the bridge abutment located in the water is subjected to water flow for a long time, which will gradually wear down the concrete protective layer, making the protective layer thinner or even peeling off, resulting in damage to the structural integrity of the abutment, destroying the overall load-bearing performance of the abutment, and reducing the safety of the bridge.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a bridge abutment anti-scour protection device, comprising a bridge abutment body, wherein an anti-scour protection mechanism is provided on the outer surface of the bridge abutment body, the anti-scour protection mechanism comprising a buffer module located on the outer surface of the bridge abutment body, which absorbs the energy transmitted to the bridge abutment body by water flow impact and wave vibration.

[0007] A rigid protection module, located on the outer surface of the buffer module, forms a closed rigid barrier to isolate water flow from direct contact with the bridge abutment body. The rigid protection module includes a protective shell and a reinforcing support assembly installed inside the protective shell. The reinforcing support assembly is used to enhance the structural rigidity and stability of the protective shell.

[0008] The flexible soil stabilization module is located on the outer surface of the rigid protection module. It intercepts fine soil particles carried by water flow and prevents silt particles from impacting the rigid protection module.

[0009] An external energy dissipation module is installed on the outer surface of the flexible soil stabilization module. The external energy dissipation module includes wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth, which are arranged in a long wedge shape to change the flow pattern of water, dissipate the kinetic energy of water flow, and reduce the scouring force of water flow.

[0010] Preferably, the buffer module includes a first buffer plate made of glass fiber reinforced composite material to buffer the impact energy of water flow. The glass fiber reinforced composite material is composed of glass fiber as the reinforcing phase and resin as the matrix. A second buffer plate is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the first buffer plate. The second buffer plate contains a buffer medium to absorb the impact energy. Multiple polyurethane elastomer pads are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second buffer plate as flexible buffer elements to weaken the transmitted impact force. The first buffer plate is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the bridge abutment body.

[0011] Preferably, the reinforcing support assembly includes multiple transverse trusses, with multiple elliptical support members fixedly installed between the opposite sides of each pair of adjacent transverse trusses. Multiple high-strength longitudinal stiffening ribs are fixedly installed on the outer surfaces of the multiple transverse trusses, and the outer surfaces of the multiple high-strength longitudinal stiffening ribs are fixedly installed inside the protective shell. The outer surfaces of the multiple transverse trusses are respectively fixedly installed on both sides inside the protective shell. Multiple protective shells and reinforcing support assemblies are provided. The multiple protective shells are connected by bolts, and the multiple protective shells form a protective cylinder to stabilize the structure of the buffer module and prevent water flow from directly scouring the bridge abutment body.

[0012] Preferably, the flexible soil stabilization module includes a geotextile concrete layer, the outer surface of which is provided with a polyester filament geotextile, the outer surface of which is provided with a bidirectional geogrid, and the outer surface of which is provided with a wear-resistant steel wire mesh.

[0013] Preferably, the peripheral energy dissipation module further includes at least one fixed frame, a rotating rod is movably embedded inside the fixed frame, a rotating plate is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating rod, a plurality of mounting seats are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating plate, a plurality of wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth are provided, one end of each of the plurality of wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth is respectively installed inside the plurality of mounting seats by bolts, an external rotating groove is opened on both sides of the outer surface of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth, a counterweight is installed at the bottom of the fixed frame by bolts, and an inner groove is opened at the top and bottom of the front surface of the fixed frame, and a fixed component is movably embedded inside the two inner grooves.

[0014] Preferably, both of the fixing components include fixing blocks, three fixing rods are fixedly installed on the rear surface of each of the two fixing blocks, resistance limiting rods are fixedly installed on the inner walls of each of the two inner grooves, blocking blocks are movably sleeved on the outer surfaces of each of the two resistance limiting rods, two locking rods are fixedly installed on the outer surfaces of each of the two blocking blocks, two reset slots are opened inside the fixing frame, movable plates are movably embedded inside the two reset slots, three stop rods are fixedly installed on one outer surface of each of the two movable plates, and two reset springs are fixedly connected to the other outer surface of each of the two movable plates.

[0015] Preferably, a limit marker block is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating rod, an angle marker is provided on the top of the fixing frame, multiple fixing grooves are opened on the outer surface of both ends of the rotating rod, three movable grooves are opened on the inner wall of each of the two inner grooves, and a drain hole is opened on the inner wall of each of the two reset grooves.

[0016] Preferably, the outer surfaces of the plurality of fixed rods are respectively movably embedded in the interior of the plurality of movable slots, one end of the plurality of fixed rods is respectively movably embedded in the interior of six of the fixed slots, the rear surfaces of the two blocking blocks are respectively in contact with the front surfaces of the two fixed blocks, one end of the six stop rods respectively movably penetrates into the interior of the two inner grooves, and one end of the four return springs is respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the two return grooves.

[0017] Preferably, the outer surface of the fixing frame is equipped with multiple support arms by bolted connections. One end of each of the multiple support arms is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the concrete layer of the formwork bag. The connecting ends of the support arms pass through the polyester filament geotextile and the bidirectional geogrid, respectively. One end of the rotating rod extends movably through to the top of the fixing frame, and the other end of the rotating rod is movably embedded in the bottom surface inside the fixing frame.

[0018] Preferably, an anchoring base concrete pad is poured at the bottom of the outer surface of the bridge abutment body, and an anchoring concrete top layer is poured at the top edge of the bridge abutment body. The anti-scour protection mechanism is located between the anchoring base concrete pad and the anchoring concrete top layer. At least four vertical anchor piles are drilled and inserted into the bottom of the anchoring base concrete pad and fixed by grouting. Multiple pile foundations are fixedly installed at the bottom of the bridge abutment body, and piers are fixedly installed at the top of the bridge abutment body.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. In use, this invention consists of an outer energy dissipation module, a flexible soil stabilization module, a rigid protection module, and a buffer module arranged sequentially around the bridge abutment. When water flows in, the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth in the outer energy dissipation module first dissipate energy and guide the flow, reducing the impact force of the water. The flexible soil stabilization module is responsible for intercepting silt and gravel particles, preventing them from impacting the rigid protection module. The rigid protection module forms a closed rigid barrier, completely isolating the water flow and silt from direct contact, preventing local scouring and erosion. Finally, the polyurethane elastomer pads in the buffer module, the second buffer plate containing sand-like buffering media, and the first buffer plate made of glass fiber reinforced composite material work together to buffer and reduce shock, preventing concentrated impact damage to the bridge abutment. The combination of these four components achieves full-process protection of energy dissipation, soil stabilization, isolation, and buffering, significantly improving scour resistance efficiency and enhancing the structural integrity of the bridge abutment and the safety of the bridge.

[0021] 2. In use, the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth have different lengths at their two ends and are staggered, which helps to break the "periodic impact" of the water flow. The cross-section of the water-facing end of the outer vortex is wide, while the cross-section of the water-discharging end is narrow, guiding the water flow to flow smoothly and horizontally, avoiding direct impact on the rigid protection module. The transverse truss in the reinforced support assembly is connected to high-strength longitudinal stiffening ribs, forming a "grid-like" planar support system, which improves the planar stiffness of the reinforced support assembly. The high-strength longitudinal stiffening ribs enhance the longitudinal stiffness of the protective cylinder, resisting axial loads and bending deformation.

[0022] 3. In use, the invention involves pressing the stop lever to move it out from between the locking levers, moving the blocking block away from the outer surface of the fixing block, and pulling the fixing rod out of the fixing groove. Then, rotating the rotating rod causes the wedge-shaped energy-dissipating teeth to rotate and adjust their angle. The fixing rod is then inserted back into the fixing groove, and the blocking block is rotated to cover the fixing block again. Finally, the stop lever is released, and under the elastic force of the return spring, it is pushed back between the two locking levers. This achieves angle adjustment of the wedge-shaped energy-dissipating teeth, resulting in wedge-shaped energy-dissipating teeth at different angles on the outer surface of the bridge pier body, better dissipating and guiding energy in complex water flow conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a bridge abutment anti-scouring protection device according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-scour protection mechanism in a bridge abutment anti-scour protection device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the anti-scour protection mechanism in a bridge abutment anti-scour protection device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded structure of the flexible soil stabilization module in the bridge abutment anti-scour protection device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the buffer module structure in a bridge abutment anti-scouring protection device according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rigid protection module structure in a bridge abutment anti-scour protection device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the reinforced support component in a bridge abutment scour protection device according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the unfolded structure of the peripheral energy dissipation module in a bridge abutment anti-scour protection device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing frame structure in a bridge abutment anti-scouring protection device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth structure in a bridge abutment anti-scour protection device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a fixed component in a bridge abutment scour protection device according to the present invention.

[0034] In the picture:

[0035] 1. Bridge abutment body; 2. Anchorage base concrete cushion layer; 3. Anchorage concrete top layer; 4. Anti-erosion protection mechanism; 41. Buffer module; 411. First buffer plate; 412. Second buffer plate; 413. Buffer medium; 414. Polyurethane elastomer pad; 42. Rigid protection module; 421. Protective shell; 422. Reinforced support assembly; 4221. Transverse truss; 4222. High-strength longitudinal stiffening rib; 4223. Elliptical support component; 43. Flexible soil stabilization module; 431. Mortar concrete layer; 432. Polyester filament geotextile; 433. Bidirectional geogrid; 434. Wear-resistant steel wire mesh; 44. External energy dissipation module; 441. 442. Fixed frame; 443. Rotating rod; 444. Rotating plate; 445. Mounting base; 446. Wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth; 447. External rotating groove; 448. Counterweight block; 449. Internal groove; 440. Fixed component; 4491. Fixed block; 4492. Fixed rod; 4493. Resistance limit rod; 4494. Blocking block; 4495. Locking rod; 4496. Movable plate; 4497. Return spring; 4498. Stop bar; 4410. Support arm; 4411. Return groove; 4412. Limiting mark block; 4413. Angle mark; 4414. Fixed groove; 4415. Movable groove; 4416. Drainage hole; 5. Pile foundation; 6. Pier column; 7. Vertical anchor pile. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-11As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a bridge pier anti-scour protection device, comprising a bridge pier body 1, an anti-scour protection mechanism 4 provided on the outer surface of the bridge pier body 1, the anti-scour protection mechanism 4 including a buffer module 41 located on the outer surface of the bridge pier body 1, which absorbs the energy transmitted to the bridge pier body 1 by water flow impact and wave vibration; and a rigid protection module 42 located on the outer surface of the buffer module 41, forming a closed rigid barrier to isolate the water flow from direct contact with the bridge pier body 1, the rigid protection module 42 including a protective shell 4. 21 and a reinforcing support component 422 installed inside the protective shell 421, the reinforcing support component 422 is used to enhance the structural rigidity and stability of the protective shell 421; a flexible soil stabilization module 43, which is located on the outer surface of the rigid protective module 42, intercepts fine soil particles carried by the water flow and prevents mud and sand particles from impacting the rigid protective module 42; an outer energy dissipation module 44, which is installed on the outer surface of the flexible soil stabilization module 43, the outer energy dissipation module 44 includes wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445, which are set in a long wedge shape to change the water flow state, dissipate the kinetic energy of the water flow, and reduce the scouring force of the water flow. The buffer module 41 includes a first buffer plate 411, which is made of glass fiber reinforced composite material to buffer the impact energy of water flow. The glass fiber reinforced composite material is composed of glass fiber as the reinforcing phase and resin as the matrix. A second buffer plate 412 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the first buffer plate 411. A buffer medium 413 is provided inside the second buffer plate 412 to absorb the impact energy. Multiple polyurethane elastomer pads 414 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second buffer plate 412 as flexible buffer elements to weaken the transmitted impact force. The first buffer plate 411 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the bridge abutment body 1. The reinforcing support assembly 422 includes multiple transverse trusses 4221. Multiple elliptical support members 4223 are fixedly installed between the opposite sides of each pair of adjacent transverse trusses 4221. Multiple high-strength longitudinal stiffening ribs 4222 are fixedly installed on the outer surfaces of the multiple transverse trusses 4221. The outer surfaces of the multiple high-strength longitudinal stiffening ribs 4222 are fixedly installed inside the protective shell 421. The outer surfaces of the multiple transverse trusses 4221 are respectively fixedly installed on both sides inside the protective shell 421. Multiple protective shells 421 and reinforcing support assemblies 422 are provided. Multiple protective shells 421 are connected by bolts. Multiple protective shells 421 form a protective cylinder to stabilize the structure of the buffer module 41 and prevent water flow from directly scouring the bridge abutment body 1. The flexible soil stabilization module 43 includes a geotextile concrete layer 431, a polyester filament geotextile 432 on the outer surface of the geotextile concrete layer 431, a bidirectional geogrid 433 on the outer surface of the polyester filament geotextile 432, and a wear-resistant steel wire mesh 434 on the outer surface of the bidirectional geogrid 433.The peripheral energy dissipation module 44 also includes at least one fixed frame 441. A rotating rod 442 is movably embedded inside the fixed frame 441. A rotating plate 443 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating rod 442. Multiple mounting seats 444 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating plate 443. Multiple wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 are provided. One end of each wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth 445 is respectively installed inside the multiple mounting seats 444 by bolts. External rotating grooves 446 are opened on both outer surfaces of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445. A counterweight block 447 is installed on the bottom of the fixed frame 441 by bolts. Inner grooves 448 are opened at the top and bottom of the front surface of the fixed frame 441. Fixed components 449 are movably embedded inside the two inner grooves 448. Multiple support arms 4410 are installed on the outer surface of the fixing frame 441 via bolted connections. One end of each support arm 4410 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the geotextile concrete layer 431. The connecting ends of the support arms 4410 pass through the polyester filament geotextile 432 and the bidirectional geogrid 433, respectively. One end of the rotating rod 442 extends movably to the top of the fixing frame 441, and the other end of the rotating rod 442 is movably embedded in the bottom surface inside the fixing frame 441. An anchoring base concrete pad 2 is poured at the bottom of the outer surface of the bridge abutment body 1, and an anchoring concrete top layer 3 is poured at the top edge of the bridge abutment body 1. The scour protection mechanism 4 is located between the anchoring base concrete pad 2 and the anchoring concrete top layer 3. At least four vertical anchor piles 7 are drilled and inserted into the bottom of the anchoring base concrete pad 2 and fixed by grouting. Multiple pile foundations 5 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the bridge abutment body 1, and pier columns 6 are fixedly installed at the top of the bridge abutment body 1.

[0038] In this embodiment, during use, the support arm 4410 is fixed to the outside of the geotextile concrete layer 431, and its connecting end extends from the gap between the polyester filament geotextile 432 and the bidirectional geogrid 433. The fixing frame 441 is installed on the connecting end of the support arm 4410 by bolts, so that multiple peripheral energy dissipation modules 44 are distributed around the flexible soil stabilization module 43, wherein the tooth tips of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 face the water-facing side, such as... Figure 8As shown. Three stop bars 4498 are staggered with two clamp bars 4495. The three stop bars 4498 limit the two clamp bars 4495, thereby limiting the blocking block 4494 to the fixing block 4491. From the outside to the inside, the outer energy dissipation module 44, flexible soil stabilization module 43, rigid protection module 42, and buffer module 41 are distributed on the outside of the bridge abutment body 1. When the water flows in, the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 in the outer energy dissipation module 44 can change the water flow state, changing the vertical water flow and eddy current impacting the bridge abutment body 1 into a horizontal water flow, eliminating the negative pressure scouring zone around the bridge abutment body 1, and consuming energy by cutting the water flow through the tooth tip, reducing the shear force of the water flow on the flexible soil stabilization module 43 below, realizing the outer energy dissipation and guiding effect, and reducing the impact force of the water flow. The outermost layer of the flexible soil stabilization module 43, the wear-resistant steel wire mesh 434, has a small mesh size to prevent large-diameter pebbles from impacting and puncturing the polyester filament geotextile 432, while not affecting the reverse filtration effect. The bidirectional geogrid 433 and the polyester filament geotextile 432 intercept mud, sand, and gravel particles, preventing mud and gravel from impacting the rigid protection module 42, while also intercepting mud and sand to reduce mud and sand loss. The concrete layer 431 of the geotextile bag can adapt to the surface undulations of the rigid protection module 42 and fits tightly with the rigid protection module 42 to eliminate blind spots in the protection. The rigid protection module 42 consists of multiple protective shells 421 forming a protective cylinder, forming a closed rigid barrier on the outer surface of the bridge abutment body 1, completely isolating direct contact between water flow and mud and sand, preventing local scouring and hollowing, and bearing the impact force transmitted by the outer energy dissipation module 44, dispersing the load to the bottom anchor base concrete pad 2, and restraining the deformation of the inner buffer module 41 and the outer flexible soil stabilization module 43 to maintain the morphological stability of the overall protection structure. When the rigid protection module 42 is subjected to an external impact load, the polyurethane elastomer pad 414 in the buffer module 41 first undergoes elastic deformation, absorbing about part of the impact energy. At the same time, it converts the concentrated load into uniform contact pressure, avoiding local stress peaks. The attenuated impact energy is transferred to the second buffer plate 412, where the energy is further dissipated through the collision and friction between sand particles in the sand buffer medium 413. The first buffer plate 411, as the inner load-bearing structure, is made of glass fiber reinforced composite material. It consumes the remaining energy through the shear deformation of the laminated structure and the slippage of the fiber-resin interface. At the same time, with its high strength and high modulus, it ultimately disperses and transfers the load, preventing the bridge abutment body 1 from being damaged by concentrated impact.Under the action of the anti-scour protection mechanism 4, the scouring force of the water flow is consumed sequentially from the outside to the inside: the outer energy dissipation module 44 first disperses the water flow energy and changes the flow state; the flexible soil stabilization module 43 intercepts mud and sand to avoid sand and gravel impact; the rigid protection module 42 forms a physical barrier to isolate the water flow from direct contact; and the buffer module 41 absorbs the residual impact force to avoid rigid collision damage to the pier. The combination of the four realizes the full-process protection of energy dissipation, soil stabilization, isolation, and buffering, which greatly improves the anti-scour efficiency, improves the structural integrity of the bridge pier body 1 and the safety of the bridge. It solves the problem that the part of the bridge pier located in the water will gradually wear down the concrete protective layer due to the long-term scouring action of the water flow, making the protective layer thinner or even peeling off, resulting in damage to the structural integrity of the pier, destroying the overall load-bearing performance of the pier, and reducing the safety of the bridge.

[0039] The structure of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth 445 is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the two tooth ends have different lengths and are staggered, which allows for differences in the water outlet position and flow velocity of adjacent wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445, breaking the "periodic impact" of the water flow and preventing fatigue damage to the fixed frame 441 due to water flow resonance. It also reduces the formation of large-area eddies. When the water flow impacts, the tooth ends of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 cut the originally flat water flow into multiple small water flows, consuming the kinetic energy of the water flow. Its inclined frontal surface can guide the vertical water flow to the horizontal direction, weakening the water flow impact. Then it flows through the outer vortex 446. The frontal section of the outer vortex 446 is wide, and the outlet section is narrow, guiding the water flow to flow gently and horizontally, avoiding direct impact on the rigid protection module 42.

[0040] Furthermore, a reinforcing support assembly 422 is installed inside the protective shell 421, improving the overall structural rigidity and stability of the protective cylinder. The transverse trusses 4221 connect to high-strength longitudinal stiffeners 4222, forming a "grid-like" planar support system that constrains the transverse deformation of the high-strength longitudinal stiffeners 4222 and enhances the planar rigidity of the reinforcing support assembly 422. The high-strength longitudinal stiffeners 4222 enhance the longitudinal rigidity of the protective cylinder, resisting axial loads and bending deformation. The elliptical support member 4223 is a buffer and energy-dissipating component installed between adjacent transverse trusses 4221. The elliptical hollow structure can absorb impact energy through its own deformation, weakening load transmission. Additionally, it fills the space between the transverse trusses 4221, preventing lateral misalignment of the transverse trusses 4221 and improving overall synergy.

[0041] Example 2: Figures 8-11As shown, the peripheral energy dissipation module 44 also includes at least one fixed frame 441. A rotating rod 442 is movably embedded inside the fixed frame 441. A rotating plate 443 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating rod 442. Multiple mounting seats 444 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating plate 443. Multiple wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 are provided. One end of each wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth 445 is respectively installed inside the multiple mounting seats 444 by bolts. External rotating grooves 446 are opened on both outer surfaces of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445. A counterweight block 447 is installed on the bottom of the fixed frame 441 by bolts. Inner grooves 448 are opened at the top and bottom of the front surface of the fixed frame 441. Fixed components 449 are movably embedded inside the two inner grooves 448. Both fixing components 449 include fixing blocks 4491. Three fixing rods 4492 are fixedly installed on the rear surface of both fixing blocks 4491. Resistance limiting rods 4493 are fixedly installed on the inner walls of both inner grooves 448. Blocking blocks 4494 are movably sleeved on the outer surfaces of both resistance limiting rods 4493. Two locking rods 4495 are fixedly installed on the outer surfaces of both blocking blocks 4494. Two reset grooves 4411 are opened inside the fixing frame 4411. Movable plates 4496 are movably embedded inside the two reset grooves 4411. Three stop rods 4498 are fixedly installed on one outer surface of both movable plates 4496. Two reset springs 4497 ​​are fixedly connected to the other outer surface of both movable plates 4496. A limit marker block 4412 is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating rod 442. An angle marker 4413 is provided on the top of the fixing frame 441. Multiple fixing grooves 4414 are opened on the outer surface of both ends of the rotating rod 442. Three movable grooves 4415 are opened on the inner wall of each of the two inner grooves 448. Drain holes 4416 are opened on the inner wall of each of the two reset grooves 4411. The outer surfaces of multiple fixing rods 4492 are movably embedded in the interior of multiple movable grooves 4415. One end of multiple fixing rods 4492 is movably embedded in the interior of six of the fixing grooves 4414. The rear surfaces of two blocking blocks 4494 are in contact with the front surfaces of two fixing blocks 4491. One end of six stop rods 4498 is movably inserted into the interior of two inner grooves 448. One end of four reset springs 4497 ​​is fixedly connected to the inner wall of two reset grooves 4411.

[0042] In this embodiment, the peripheral energy dissipation module 44 is an independent module during use, and the corresponding number of peripheral energy dissipation modules 44 can be selected for installation according to actual needs. A counterweight 447 is installed at the bottom of the fixing frame 441 to lower the overall center of gravity and improve the stability of the peripheral energy dissipation module 44. Wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 are bolted into the mounting base 444, and each wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth 445 can be individually disassembled and replaced, which is convenient. The fixing frame 441 is installed at the connecting end of the support arm 4410 via bolts, making the peripheral energy dissipation module 44 an independent part that can be disassembled and installed separately, facilitating the replacement of a damaged peripheral energy dissipation module 44 and reducing costs. The fixing component 449 includes three stop rods 4498. Two stop rods 4498 are thinner, and the middle stop rod 4498 is thicker. The middle stop rod 4498 is located between two clamping rods 4495, and the two thinner stop rods 4498 are located outside the two clamping rods 4495, respectively. Figure 10 As shown. Pressing the stop lever 4498 pushes the movable plate 4496 to move inside the reset groove 4411 and compresses the reset spring 4497. When the stop lever 4498 moves out from between the locking levers 4495, the locking levers 4495 lose their limit, causing the blocking block 4494 to rotate and move away from the outer surface of the fixed block 4491. Finally, the fixed block 4491 is pulled outward, causing one end of the fixed rod 4492 to move from the fixed groove 4414 into the movable groove 4415. Repeat the above operation to pull out the fixed rod 4492 in another fixed component 449. At this time, the rotating rod 442 becomes rotatable. Then, rotating the rotating rod 442 causes the rotating plate 443 and the mounting base 444 to rotate together, which in turn causes the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 to rotate together, changing the angle of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445. As the rotating rod 442 rotates, it also drives the limit indicator block 4412 to rotate. The angle change of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth 445 can be understood by the position of the angle mark 4413 pointed to by its sharp angle indicator. When the rotating rod 442 rotates to the target angle, the fixing rod 4492 is inserted into the corresponding fixing slot 4414 again. Then, the blocking block 4494 is rotated to cover the fixing block 4491 again, limiting the fixing block 4491. At the same time, the locking rod 4495 rotates to a horizontal state. Finally, the stop rod 4498 is released. Under the elastic force of the return spring 4497, the moving plate 4496 pushes the stop rod 4498 back between the two locking rods 4495. By limiting the locking rod 4495, the blocking block 4494 is limited, and the rotating rod 442 is fixed after rotating at the fixed angle. With the cooperation of the fixed component 449, the angle of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth 445 is adjusted, so that the outer surface of the bridge abutment body 1 presents wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 at different angles, which can better dissipate and guide the water flow in complex conditions.

[0043] The overall effect and working principle of the mechanism are as follows: From the outside to the inside, the bridge abutment body 1 is equipped with an outer energy dissipation module 44, a flexible soil stabilization module 43, a rigid protection module 42, and a buffer module 41. When water flows in, the wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth 445 in the outer energy dissipation module 44 first change the flow pattern, transforming the vertical water flow and eddies impacting the bridge abutment body 1 into a horizontal flow, eliminating the negative pressure scouring zone around the bridge abutment body 1. Furthermore, the teeth cut the water flow, consuming energy and reducing the impact force. The wear-resistant steel wire mesh 434 has a small mesh size, preventing large-diameter pebbles from impacting and piercing the polyester filament geotextile 432. The bidirectional geogrid 433 and the polyester filament geotextile 432 intercept silt and gravel particles. The rigid protection module 42 forms a closed rigid barrier on the outer surface of the bridge abutment body 1, completely isolating direct contact between water flow and silt, preventing localized scouring and erosion. Finally, the polyurethane elastomer pad 414 in the buffer module 41 undergoes elastic deformation first, absorbing about part of the impact energy. This, combined with the sand-like buffer medium 413 in the second buffer plate 412, further dissipates the energy. Finally, the glass fiber reinforced composite first buffer plate 411 consumes the remaining energy, preventing concentrated impact damage to the bridge abutment body 1. Pressing the stop lever 4498 pushes the movable plate 4496 to move and compress the return spring 4497. After the stop lever 4498 moves out from between the locking levers 4495, the blocking block 4494 is moved away from the outer surface of the fixed block 4491. Finally, the fixed rod 4492 is pulled out of the fixed slot 4414. Rotate the rotating rod 442, which drives the wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth 445 to rotate together through the rotating plate 443 and the mounting base 444. After adjusting the angle of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth 445, insert the fixing rod 4492 into the fixing groove 4414 at the corresponding position again. Then rotate the blocking block 4494 to cover the fixing block 4491 again. Finally, release the stop rod 4498. Under the elastic force of the return spring 4497, push the stop rod 4498 back between the two locking rods 4495 for limiting.

[0044] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge pier anti-scour protection device, comprising a bridge pier body (1), characterized in that: The outer surface of the bridge abutment body (1) is provided with an anti-scouring protection mechanism (4). The anti-scouring protection mechanism (4) includes a buffer module (41), which is located on the outer surface of the bridge abutment body (1) to absorb the energy transmitted to the bridge abutment body (1) by water flow impact and wave vibration. A rigid protection module (42) is located on the outer surface of the buffer module (41) to form a closed rigid barrier, which isolates the water flow from direct contact with the bridge abutment body (1). The rigid protection module (42) includes a protective shell (421) and a reinforcing support component (422) installed inside the protective shell (421). The reinforcing support component (422) is used to strengthen the structural rigidity and stability of the protective shell (421). The flexible soil stabilization module (43) is located on the outer surface of the rigid protection module (42) to intercept the fine soil particles carried by the water flow and prevent the mud and sand particles from impacting the rigid protection module (42). An outer energy dissipation module (44) is installed on the outer surface of the flexible soil stabilization module (43). The outer energy dissipation module (44) includes wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth (445), which are arranged in a long wedge shape to change the flow pattern of water, dissipate the kinetic energy of water flow, and reduce the scouring force of water flow. The buffer module (41) includes a first buffer plate (411), which is made of glass fiber reinforced composite material to buffer the impact energy of water flow. The glass fiber reinforced composite material is composed of glass fiber as the reinforcing phase and resin as the matrix. A second buffer plate (412) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the first buffer plate (411). The second buffer plate (412) is provided with a buffer medium (413) inside to absorb the impact energy. A plurality of polyurethane elastomer pads (414) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the second buffer plate (412) as flexible buffer elements to weaken the transmitted impact force. The first buffer plate (411) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the bridge abutment body (1). The reinforcing support assembly (422) includes multiple transverse trusses (4221). Multiple elliptical support members (4223) are fixedly installed between the opposite sides of each pair of adjacent transverse trusses (4221). Multiple high-strength longitudinal stiffening ribs (4222) are fixedly installed on the outer surfaces of the multiple transverse trusses (4221). The outer surfaces of the multiple high-strength longitudinal stiffening ribs (4222) are fixedly installed inside the protective shell (421). The outer surfaces of the multiple transverse trusses (4221) are respectively fixedly installed on both sides inside the protective shell (421). Multiple protective shells (421) and reinforcing support assemblies (422) are provided. Multiple protective shells (421) are connected by bolts. Multiple protective shells (421) form a protective cylinder to stabilize the structure of the buffer module (41) and prevent water flow from directly scouring the bridge abutment body (1).

2. The bridge pier anti-scouring protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible soil stabilization module (43) includes a geotextile concrete layer (431), the outer surface of which is provided with a polyester filament geotextile (432), the outer surface of which is provided with a bidirectional geogrid (433), and the outer surface of which is provided with a wear-resistant steel wire mesh (434).

3. The bridge pier anti-scouring protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The peripheral energy dissipation module (44) also includes at least one fixed frame (441). A rotating rod (442) is movably embedded inside the fixed frame (441). A rotating plate (443) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating rod (442). Multiple mounting seats (444) are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating plate (443). Multiple wedge-shaped energy dissipation teeth (445) are provided. One end of each wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth (445) is respectively installed inside the multiple mounting seats (444) by bolts. External rotating grooves (446) are opened on both sides of the outer surface of the wedge-shaped energy dissipation tooth (445). A counterweight (447) is installed at the bottom of the fixed frame (441) by bolts. Inner grooves (448) are opened at the top and bottom of the front surface of the fixed frame (441). Fixed components (449) are movably embedded inside the two inner grooves (448).

4. The bridge pier anti-scouring protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both of the fixed components (449) include a fixed block (4491), and three fixed rods (4492) are fixedly installed on the rear surface of both fixed blocks (4491). Resistance limiting rods (4493) are fixedly installed on the inner walls of both inner grooves (448). Blocking blocks (4494) are movably sleeved on the outer surfaces of both resistance limiting rods (4493). Two locking rods (4495) are fixedly installed on the outer surfaces of both blocking blocks (4494). Two reset grooves (4411) are opened inside the fixed frame (4411). Movable plates (4496) are movably embedded inside the two reset grooves (4411). Three stop rods (4498) are fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of both movable plates (4496). Two reset springs (4497) are fixedly connected to the other side of the outer surface of both movable plates (4496).

5. The bridge pier anti-scouring protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the rotating rod (442) is fixedly installed with a limit mark block (4412), the top of the fixing frame (441) is provided with an angle mark (4413), the outer surfaces of both ends of the rotating rod (442) are provided with multiple fixing grooves (4414), the inner walls of the two inner grooves (448) are provided with three movable grooves (4415), and the inner walls of the two reset grooves (4411) are provided with drain holes (4416).

6. The bridge pier anti-scour protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the plurality of fixed rods (4492) are respectively movably embedded in the interior of the plurality of movable slots (4415). One end of the plurality of fixed rods (4492) is respectively movably embedded in the interior of six of the fixed slots (4414). The rear surfaces of the two blocking blocks (4494) are respectively in contact with the front surfaces of the two fixed blocks (4491). One end of the six stop rods (4498) respectively movably penetrates into the interior of the two inner grooves (448). One end of the four return springs (4497) is respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the two return grooves (4411).

7. The bridge pier anti-scour protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Multiple support arms (4410) are installed on the outer surface of the fixed frame (441) by bolt connections. One end of each of the multiple support arms (4410) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the geotextile concrete layer (431). The connecting ends of the support arms (4410) pass through the polyester filament geotextile (432) and the bidirectional geogrid (433) respectively. One end of the rotating rod (442) extends movably through to the top of the fixed frame (441), and the other end of the rotating rod (442) is movably embedded in the bottom surface inside the fixed frame (441).

8. The bridge pier anti-scour protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An anchoring base concrete pad (2) is poured at the bottom of the outer surface of the bridge abutment body (1), and an anchoring concrete top layer (3) is poured at the top edge of the bridge abutment body (1). The anti-scouring protection mechanism (4) is located between the anchoring base concrete pad (2) and the anchoring concrete top layer (3). At least four vertical anchoring piles (7) are drilled and inserted into the bottom of the anchoring base concrete pad (2) and fixed by grouting. Multiple pile foundations (5) are fixedly installed at the bottom of the bridge abutment body (1), and pier columns (6) are fixedly installed at the top of the bridge abutment body (1).

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