Downhole drilling and perforation collaborative operation device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground drilling and perforating collaborative operation device and method. The underground drilling and perforating collaborative operation device comprises a screw lifting mechanism, a first clamping and centering mechanism, a drilling mechanism, a second clamping and centering mechanism and a perforating gun which are sequentially connected from top to bottom. The drilling mechanism comprises a linear motor and a plurality of drilling modules which are driven by the linear motor and arranged in series in the axial direction, and each drilling module is provided with a movable drill bit capable of drilling out in the radial direction. Perforating bullets of the perforating guns are matched with the drilling modules in number, the ejection direction of the corresponding perforating bullets is consistent with the drilling direction of the corresponding movable drill bits, and the distance between every two adjacent perforating bullets is consistent with the distance between every two adjacent movable drill bits. The adjustable drilling mechanism which is modularized and spirally provided with holes is combined with the precise clamping, centering and screw lifting mechanism, so that the spiral perforation combined operation of mechanical drilling and precise perforation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas production enhancement devices in the process of gas and shale oil extraction, specifically to a device and method for coordinated downhole drilling and perforation operations. Background Technology

[0002] In the extraction of unconventional oil and gas resources such as petroleum and shale gas, it is usually necessary to establish a flow channel between the downhole casing and the formation through perforation operations to facilitate subsequent fracturing and extraction. Traditionally, shaped charge perforating bombs are used directly for perforation. Although this method can effectively penetrate the formation, the explosive impact can cause significant damage to the casing, affecting the integrity and service life of the wellbore.

[0003] To reduce damage to the casing during perforation, a combined drilling and perforation approach has emerged in recent years. This involves first drilling a hole in the casing mechanically, and then using a perforating gun to extend the perforation into the formation from that hole. Related patents, such as CN2023116267015.9, CN202211209443.2, CN202210591615.0, and CN202210798819.1, all propose devices and methods combining mechanical drilling and perforation. However, these existing technologies can only achieve directional (planar) perforation. Directional (planar) perforation is not suitable for heterogeneous reservoirs with well-developed natural fractures, such as the casing perforation requirements in large-scale volumetric fracturing of shale oil and gas or tight gas. Alignment deviations exist between the mechanical drilling and the perforating gun, causing the perforation trajectory to deviate from the pre-drilled hole, affecting the channel establishment effect. Furthermore, the existing devices have limited or no adjustable drilling spacing and phase angle, resulting in poor adaptability. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a combined mechanical drilling and perforation device and method that can achieve spiral perforation, adjustable phase angle and spacing, and precise alignment, in order to improve perforation effect, protect casing integrity, and adapt to various geological and engineering requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems of limited perforation modes, inaccurate alignment, and poor adjustment capabilities, this invention provides a device and method for coordinated downhole drilling and perforation operations.

[0005] The technical solution is as follows: a downhole drilling and perforation coordinated operation device, the key point of which is: including a screw lifting mechanism, a first clamping and centering mechanism, a drilling mechanism, a second clamping and centering mechanism and a perforation gun connected in sequence from top to bottom;

[0006] The drilling mechanism includes a linear motor and a plurality of drilling modules connected in series along the axial direction and driven by the linear motor. Each drilling module is equipped with a moving drill bit that can drill radially.

[0007] The number of perforating bullets in the perforating gun matches the number of drilling modules. The firing direction of the corresponding perforating bullet is consistent with the drilling direction of the corresponding moving drill bit, and the distance between adjacent perforating bullets is consistent with the distance between adjacent moving drill bits. Using this structure, multi-hole synchronous or sequential drilling is achieved through a modularly designed drilling mechanism. Combined with an upper and lower clamping and centering mechanism, stability and centering during operation are ensured. The screw lifting mechanism can precisely lift the entire tool after drilling, accurately aligning the perforating gun with the mechanical drilling position, thus realizing a linked operation process of "mechanical drilling first, then precise perforation."

[0008] Preferably, the drilling points of the movable drill bits arranged sequentially from bottom to top are arranged in a spiral upward pattern, and the arrangement of the perforation bullets of the perforating gun matches the movable drill bits.

[0009] With the above structure, the spirally arranged drilling modules can realize a spiral perforation layout, which is conducive to forming a uniformly distributed hole in the circumference of the casing, improving the fracturing effect. The precise matching of the perforation projectile and the moving drill bit ensures that the jet trajectory is consistent with the pre-made hole from the layout source, avoiding perforation deviation.

[0010] Preferably, the drilling module includes a cylindrical shell, which is composed of two semi-cylindrical structures connected by transverse bolts.

[0011] The housing has multiple through holes circumferentially opened near the edge, and connecting screws are inserted into the through holes to connect multiple drilling modules in series.

[0012] With the above structure, the modules are fixed together by connecting screws and transverse bolts, which makes the structure stable and easy to assemble and disassemble, ensuring the overall structural stability and power transmission reliability of the multi-module series connection.

[0013] Preferably, an upper mounting hole is provided in the middle of the upper end face of the housing, and an input shaft is installed in the upper mounting hole through a washer and an upper bearing. The upper end of the input shaft extends out of the upper mounting hole, and an upper bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on the lower end.

[0014] A lower mounting hole is provided in the middle of the lower end face of the housing. An output shaft is installed in the lower mounting hole through a washer and a lower bearing. The lower end of the output shaft extends out of the lower mounting hole, and a lower bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on the upper end.

[0015] A central mounting hole is provided in the outer wall of the housing. A drive shaft is installed in the central mounting hole via a washer and a central bearing. A movable drill bit is connected to the inner end of the drive shaft. The outer end of the movable drill bit extends out of the outer wall of the housing. A central bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on the drive shaft.

[0016] The upper bevel gear meshes with the middle bevel gear, and the lower bevel gear meshes with the middle bevel gear;

[0017] A lead screw frame is installed below the movable drill bit. The lower part of the lead screw frame is supported by a bearing in the center hole of the lower bevel gear. A ball screw parallel to the movable drill bit is installed between the lead screw frame and the outer wall of the housing. A drive gear is fixedly sleeved on the drive shaft, and a transmission gear is fixedly sleeved on the ball screw. The drive gear and the transmission gear mesh.

[0018] A movable connecting plate connects the movable drill bit and the ball screw. The upper part of the connecting plate has a bearing hole, into which the movable drill bit is fitted, and the lower part is threaded onto the ball screw. This structure, with its meshing transmission design of the upper, middle, and lower bevel gears, precisely converts the vertical rotational power input from the linear motor into lateral rotational motion, achieving synchronous power transmission across multiple drilling modules. The configuration of washers and double bearings effectively reduces transmission wear caused by harsh downhole environments (such as vibration and mud erosion), extending the service life of the mechanism. The linear motor's power output is stable, adapting to the needs of continuous downhole operations. The drive gear and the movable drill bit are connected via a keyway, achieving torque transmission and axial sliding separation. The ball screw and movable connecting plate precisely convert rotational motion into linear feed, controlling the radial displacement accuracy of the drill bit and ensuring consistency in drilling depth and position. The screw frame and bearing mechanism ensure stable rotation of the ball screw. The movable connecting plate converts the screw rotation into linear motion of the drill bit. The elliptical nut design accommodates deflection during drill bit feeding, ensuring transmission efficiency and lifespan.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom of the output shaft protrudes outside the housing and forms an internal hexagonal groove, and the top of the input shaft protrudes outside the housing and forms a hexagonal head. The hexagonal head of the drilling module can be fitted and matched with the internal hexagonal groove of the output shaft of another drilling module.

[0020] The above structure, with the bolt heads and grooves of the input and output shafts matched, ensures the coaxiality and precision of power connection when multiple modules are connected in series.

[0021] Preferably, the linear motor is connected to the input shaft of the uppermost drilling module, and a first clamping and centering mechanism is fixedly connected to the linear motor via a cylindrical drilling bracket.

[0022] The first clamping and centering mechanism includes a cylindrical clamping motor, a clamping sleeve fixedly connected to the lower end of the clamping motor, at least two slotted holes on the upper half of the side wall of the clamping sleeve, a lead screw connected to the lower end of the clamping motor via a coupling, and the upper and lower ends of the lead screw being mounted inside the clamping sleeve via lead screw bearings; a drive ring is threaded onto the lead screw, and a movable ring is loosely fitted outside the clamping sleeve; a push-pull screw extending out of the slotted hole is fixed on the drive ring, and the push-pull screw contacts the upper side wall of the movable ring.

[0023] At least three inner support plates are vertically arranged outside the clamping sleeve. The teeth of the inner support plates are all located on the side away from the clamping sleeve. A movable connecting rod, a second connecting rod, and a first connecting rod are respectively hinged to the inner support plates from top to bottom. The outer end of the movable connecting rod is hinged to the movable ring. The second connecting rod and the first connecting rod are respectively hinged to the outer wall of the clamping sleeve.

[0024] The downward movement of the movable ring can drive the inner support plate to push outward.

[0025] With the above structure, the clamping motor drives the lead screw through the coupling, which drives the movable ring to move axially. Together with the linkage mechanism composed of the movable connecting rod, the first connecting rod, and the second connecting rod, the inner support plate can be synchronously and uniformly expanded and contracted radially, resulting in higher centering accuracy. The push-pull screw can precisely limit the stroke of the movable ring, adapt to different specifications of sleeve inner diameter, enhance the versatility of the device, effectively improve the fixing stability, and prevent the device from shifting due to vibration during drilling and perforation operations, thus ensuring the accuracy of operation.

[0026] Preferably, the screw lifting mechanism includes a lifting motor and a lead screw, a lifting gear is mounted on the output end of the lifting motor, a lead screw gear is mounted on the lead screw, the lead screw gear meshes with the lifting gear, and a gear protective shell is installed on the lead screw, with both the lead screw gear and the lifting gear located inside the gear protective shell;

[0027] A lifting bracket is fixed to the lower end of the lead screw, and the clamping motor is mounted inside the lifting bracket. With this structure, the screw lifting mechanism achieves axial fine-tuning of the lead screw through gear transmission, precisely controlling the lifting and lowering of the entire device to align the perforating gun with the drilling position. The lifting bracket provides stable support for the mechanism, ensuring no skewing occurs during lifting and lowering, thus improving operational accuracy and reliability.

[0028] Preferably, a second clamping and centering mechanism is fixedly connected to the lower part of the drilling module at the bottom of the drilling mechanism.

[0029] The second clamping and centering mechanism has the same structure as the first clamping and centering mechanism; it is symmetrically installed at both ends of the drilling module with the first clamping and centering mechanism; wherein the upper end of the second clamping and centering mechanism is fixedly connected to the drilling module at the bottom of the drilling mechanism through a clamping sleeve.

[0030] With the above structure, the second clamping and centering mechanism is identical to the first clamping and centering mechanism, forming a symmetrical centering and fixing structure. This allows for bidirectional positioning of the device from both ends, improving stability and centering accuracy during operation and avoiding vibration and displacement caused by single-end fixing. The standardized sleeve connection of the perforation bracket simplifies the assembly process of the perforation gun and the second clamping and centering mechanism, while ensuring the coaxiality of both and ensuring that the perforation direction is consistent with the pre-made hole, providing structural support for precise perforation.

[0031] Preferably, a perforation bracket is fixedly connected to the upper end of the perforation gun, and the perforation bracket is snapped onto the clamping motor of the second clamping and centering mechanism. The perforation gun is a shaped charge perforation gun.

[0032] By employing the above mechanism, the high penetration of the shaped charge perforating projectile is combined with its spiral distribution design, and the phase angle and spacing are strictly matched with the mechanically pre-drilled holes. The jet can directly pass through the pre-drilled holes and extend deep into the formation, completely avoiding jet impact on the casing and maximizing the protection of the casing integrity. The fixed connection method of the perforation support ensures a rigid connection between the perforation gun and the second clamping and centering mechanism, preventing the perforation gun from deviating due to recoil during perforation and ensuring accurate perforation trajectory. At the same time, the spiral distribution of the perforation channel is more conducive to building a three-dimensional fracture network and improving oil and gas extraction efficiency.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment: a working method for a downhole drilling and perforation coordinated operation device, comprising the following steps: First, assembling the screw lifting mechanism, the first clamping and centering mechanism, the drilling mechanism, the second clamping and centering mechanism, and the perforating gun from top to bottom; lowering the assembled device into the well via cable or coiled tubing to the predetermined perforation depth position of the target production layer; driving the clamping motors of the first and second clamping and centering mechanisms via surface or downhole control signals to push the movable ring downwards; driving the inner support plate to synchronously open radially outwards through the linkage mechanism composed of the movable connecting rod, the first connecting rod, and the second connecting rod until it abuts against the inner wall of the casing, thereby achieving the fixation and centering of the device;

[0034] Step 2: Start the linear motor. Power is transmitted to each drilling module in sequence through the upper bevel gear, middle bevel gear and lower bevel gear. The drive gear drives the moving drill bit to rotate. At the same time, the transmission gear drives the ball screw to rotate. The moving connecting plate converts the rotational motion into linear thrust, which pushes the moving drill bit to feed radially towards the casing, thus completing the drilling of the pre-made holes in the spiral distribution.

[0035] Step 3: After drilling is completed, control the ball screw to reverse and retract the moving drill bit; loosen the inner support plates of the first clamping and centering mechanism and the second clamping and centering mechanism, operate the lifting motor of the screw lifting mechanism, so that the screw gear drives the first clamping and centering mechanism, the drilling mechanism, the second clamping and centering mechanism and the perforating gun to move upward along the screw, so that the perforating bullet is precisely aligned with the pre-made hole on the sleeve;

[0036] Step four: After confirming alignment, the shaped charge perforating projectile inside the perforating gun is detonated by an electrical signal. The jet passes through the pre-made holes and extends deep into the formation, forming an oil and gas flow channel. After perforation is completed, the inner support plates of the first and second clamping and centering mechanisms are retracted, and the device is pulled out of the wellbore through a cable or coiled tubing to complete the joint operation.

[0037] By adopting the above structure, a standardized and automated operation process of "mechanical pre-drilled hole - precise alignment - shaped charge extension perforation" is realized. This method first drills a hole in the protective casing, then achieves millimeter-level alignment between the perforating projectile and the pre-drilled hole through precision lifting, and finally perforates, reducing damage to the casing and improving the cleanliness, extension depth and operation efficiency of the perforation channel.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: A downhole drilling and perforation co-operation device and method using the above technical solution realizes a spiral perforation layout, improving fracturing uniformity and effect; the drilling spacing and phase angle are adjustable to adapt to different geological and engineering needs; the mechanical drilling and perforation projectiles are precisely aligned, reducing casing damage and improving perforation efficiency; the modular design allows for flexible assembly and convenient maintenance; it is suitable for cable or coiled tubing installation, with strong operational adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the screw lifting mechanism;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gear protective shell;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first clamping and centering mechanism;

[0043] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view along AA;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling mechanism;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the drilling module;

[0046] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The front view;

[0047] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A cross-sectional view along BB;

[0048] Figure 10for Figure 7 Internal structural diagram;

[0049] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the second clamping and centering mechanism;

[0050] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the perforation gun.

[0051] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in the working state of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, a downhole drilling and perforation co-operation device includes a screw lifting mechanism 4, a first clamping and centering mechanism 2, a drilling mechanism 1, a second clamping and centering mechanism 3, and a perforating gun 5 connected in sequence from top to bottom.

[0054] The drilling mechanism 1 includes a linear motor 7 and a plurality of drilling modules 6 connected in series along the axial direction and driven by the linear motor 7. Each drilling module 11 is provided with a movable drill bit 65 that can drill out radially.

[0055] The number of perforating bullets 51 in the perforating gun 5 matches the number of drilling modules 11. The firing direction of the corresponding perforating bullet 51 is consistent with the drilling direction of the corresponding moving drill bit 65. The distance between adjacent perforating bullets 51 is consistent with the distance between adjacent moving drill bits 65.

[0056] The present invention comprises, from top to bottom, a screw lifting mechanism 4, a first clamping and centering mechanism 2, a drilling mechanism 1, a second clamping and centering mechanism 3, and a perforating gun 5. The various mechanisms are axially positioned and fixedly connected by a cylindrical rigid support, forming a rigid whole that can be lowered to a predetermined position downhole via cable or coiled tubing.

[0057] The drilling mechanism 1 is the core operating module, used for mechanical drilling on the casing. It consists of 6-12 drilling modules 6 connected in series along the axial direction, with each module spirally distributed in the circumferential direction. The screw lifting mechanism 4 is connected to the uppermost end and is used to fine-tune and lift the tool as a whole after drilling is completed. The first clamping and centering mechanism 2 and the second clamping and centering mechanism 3 are located at the upper and lower ends of the drilling mechanism 1, respectively, and are used to stably support and center the device on the inner wall of the casing during operation to ensure operating accuracy. The perforating gun 5 is connected to the lowermost end and contains a built-in shaped charge perforating projectile for extending perforations in the formation.

[0058] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the screw lifting mechanism 4 includes a lifting motor 45 and a lead screw 41. A lifting gear 43 is mounted on the output end of the lifting motor 45, and a lead screw gear 42 is mounted on the lead screw 41. The lead screw gear 42 meshes with the lifting gear 43. A gear protective shell 44 is installed on the lead screw 41, and both the lead screw gear 42 and the lifting gear 43 are located inside the gear protective shell 44.

[0059] A lifting bracket 18 is fixed to the lower end of the lead screw 41, and the clamping motor 8 is mounted in the lifting bracket 18. When the lifting motor 45 is driven, the lifting gear 43 drives the lead screw gear 42 to move axially along the lead screw 41, thereby causing the lead screw 41 and all subsequent mechanisms to move axially up and down relative to the gear protective shell 44, achieving precise height adjustment.

[0060] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the first clamping and centering mechanism 2 is used to stably support and center the upper part of the device on the inner wall of the sleeve during operation. Its upper end is a cylindrical clamping motor 8, the outside of which is sleeved and connected to a lifting bracket 18 from the screw lifting mechanism 4. A clamping sleeve 9 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the clamping motor 8, and the upper half of the clamping sleeve 9 has at least two slotted holes 91 on its side wall. A lead screw 10 is connected to the lower end of the clamping motor 8 via a coupling 81, and the upper and lower ends of the lead screw 10 are mounted inside the clamping sleeve 9 via lead screw bearings 11. A drive ring 92 is threaded onto the lead screw 10, and a movable ring 93 is loosely fitted outside the clamping sleeve 9. A push-pull screw 13 extending out of the slotted hole 91 is fixed on the drive ring 92, and the push-pull screw 13 contacts the upper side wall of the movable ring 93.

[0061] At least three inner support plates 16 are vertically arranged outside the clamping sleeve 9. The teeth of the inner support plates 16 are all located on the side away from the clamping sleeve 9. A movable connecting rod 14, a second connecting rod 12 and a first connecting rod 15 are respectively hinged to the inner support plates 16 from top to bottom. The outer end of the movable connecting rod 14 is hinged to the movable ring 93. The second connecting rod 12 and the first connecting rod 15 are respectively hinged to the outer wall of the clamping sleeve 9.

[0062] The downward movement of the movable ring 93 can drive the inner support plate 16 to push outward. When the driving ring 92 is driven to move downward, it drives the movable ring 93 to drive the inner support plate 16 to swing outward radially through the connecting rod mechanism until it presses against the inner wall of the sleeve. Conversely, the upward movement of the driving ring 92 causes the inner support plate 16 to retract inward.

[0063] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the drilling mechanism 1 is the core module for performing mechanical drilling. It consists of 6-12 drilling modules 6 connected in series along the axial direction. The circumferential orientation of each module is precisely set so that the drilling axes of all modules are arranged in a spiral in space, thereby drilling pre-made holes in a spiral distribution on the casing; at the same time, spacers can be placed between the drilling modules 6 to adjust the spacing of the perforations.

[0064] The drilling module 6 mainly includes a housing 61 with axial through holes 611. One or more connecting screws 612 pass through the through holes 611 of all modules and are locked at both ends with nuts, thereby fixing all the drilling modules 6 into a whole. The sides of the housing 61 of the drilling module 6 are also connected by transverse bolts 613 to enhance the overall torsional rigidity.

[0065] A power transmission and radial feed mechanism is provided inside the housing 61. An upper mounting hole 631 is provided in the middle of the upper end face of the housing 61. An input shaft 632 is mounted in the upper mounting hole 631 via a washer 66 and an upper bearing 634. The upper end of the input shaft 632 extends out of the upper mounting hole 631, and an upper bevel gear 63 is fixedly fitted at its lower end. A lower mounting hole 641 is provided in the middle of the lower end face of the housing 61. An output shaft 642 is mounted in the lower mounting hole 641 via a washer 66 and a lower bearing 644. The lower end of the output shaft 642 extends out of the lower mounting hole 641, and a lower bevel gear 64 is fixedly fitted at its upper end. A middle mounting hole 6 is provided in the outer wall of the housing 61. 21. A drive shaft 622 is installed in the mounting hole 621 via a washer 66 and a bearing 623. A movable drill bit 65 is connected to the inner end of the drive shaft 622. The outer end of the movable drill bit 65 extends out of the outer wall of the housing 61. A middle bevel gear 62 is fixedly sleeved on the drive shaft 622. The upper bevel gear 63 meshes with the middle bevel gear 62, and the lower bevel gear 64 meshes with the middle bevel gear 62. The middle bevel gear 62 is radially sleeved on the drive shaft 622. Thus, the upper bevel gear 63, the middle bevel gear 62, and the lower bevel gear 64 constitute a bevel gear transmission pair.

[0066] The bottom of the output shaft 642 protrudes outside the housing 61, forming an internal hexagonal groove 643. The top of the input shaft 632 protrudes outside the housing 61, forming a hexagonal head 633. The internal hexagonal groove 643 of the output shaft 642 fits into the shape of the hexagonal head 633 of the input shaft 632 of the next-level drilling module 6, enabling power transmission and connection. For the uppermost drilling module 6, the input shaft 632 is connected to a linear motor 7 to receive initial power.

[0067] On the drive shaft 622, a drive gear 625 is ringed around the front part of the middle bevel gear 62 (with the front pointing to the outside of the housing). The interior of the drive shaft 622 is designed as a groove structure, in which a movable drill bit 65 is embedded. The movable drill bit 65 penetrates the housing 61 radially, and its inner end is engaged with the interior of the drive shaft 622 through a keyway, so that the drive shaft 622 can drive the movable drill bit 65 to rotate, while allowing the movable drill bit 65 to slide radially along its axis.

[0068] A transmission gear 626 is disposed below the drive gear 625, and the transmission gear 626 meshes with the drive gear 625. A ball screw 67 is fixedly installed at the front end of the transmission gear 626, and the ball screw 67 is located directly below the movable drill bit 65 and is arranged parallel to the movable drill bit 65.

[0069] A screw rod frame 68 is fitted around the ball screw 67, closely attached to the side of the transmission gear 626. A bushing is fitted between the screw rod frame 68 and the ball screw 67. The lower part of the screw rod frame 68 is fitted onto the end of the internal hex bolt 643 of the output shaft 642, thereby obtaining stable support. An elliptical movable connecting plate 69 is fitted onto the ball screw 67. The other side of the movable connecting plate 69 is fitted onto the tail end of the movable drill bit 65 via a bearing. The tail end of the ball screw 67 is fitted with a bearing and a retaining ring, and abuts against the inner wall of the housing 61.

[0070] When power is transmitted to the drive shaft 622 via the bevel gear 62, it drives the drive gear 625 and the moving drill bit 65 to rotate. Simultaneously, power is transmitted to the transmission gear 626 via gear meshing, causing the ball screw 67 to rotate. The rotation of the ball screw 67 is converted into a smooth linear thrust through the elliptical movable connecting plate 69, thereby propelling the rotating moving drill bit 65 to feed radially at a uniform speed towards the casing, completing the drilling. After drilling is completed, controlling the ball screw 67 to reverse direction retracts the moving drill bit 65 back into the housing 61.

[0071] like Figure 11 As shown, the second clamping and centering mechanism 3 has the same structure as the first clamping and centering mechanism 2. It is fixedly installed below the drilling mechanism 1 to provide support and centering for the lower part of the device during operation. Working in conjunction with the first clamping and centering mechanism 2, it ensures the entire device maintains extremely high stability during drilling and perforation, preventing vibration and displacement. The upper end is also bolted to the housing 61 of the drilling mechanism 1 via the clamping sleeve 9, and the lower end is sleeved onto the clamping motor 8 via the perforation bracket 19 at the upper end of the perforation gun 5.

[0072] like Figure 12As shown, the perforating gun 5 is a conventional shaped charge perforating tool in the petroleum engineering field, which has several propellants and shaped charge perforating projectiles installed inside along the axial and circumferential directions. In this invention, the distribution phase angle of the perforating projectile 51 is strictly matched with the spiral mechanical hole distribution generated by the drilling mechanism 1, and the top of the perforating gun 5 is fixedly connected to the second clamping and centering mechanism 3 through the perforation bracket 19.

[0073] like Figure 13 As shown, a working method for a downhole drilling and perforation co-operation device involves lowering the assembled device into the well via a cable or coiled tubing to the depth required for perforation operations in the target production formation.

[0074] On the surface or via downhole control signals, the clamping motors 8 of the first clamping and centering mechanism 2 and the second clamping and centering mechanism 3 are operated respectively, pushing their respective movable rings 93 downward. The movable rings 93, through a linkage mechanism consisting of movable connecting rod 14, first connecting rod 15, and second connecting rod 12, drive the inner support plate 16 to synchronously and uniformly open radially outward until it is firmly pressed against the inner wall of the casing. This reliably fixes the device inside the casing and ensures that the central axis of the device is aligned with the casing axis.

[0075] The linear motor 7 is started. Power is transmitted sequentially to each drilling module 6 through the upper bevel gear 63, middle bevel gear 62, and lower bevel gear 64. On one hand, the power drives the drive gear 625 and the moving drill bit 65 to rotate at high speed; on the other hand, the power is transmitted to the transmission gear 626 through the middle bevel gear 62 and lower bevel gear 64, driving the ball screw 67 to rotate. The rotation of the ball screw 67 is converted into a smooth linear thrust through the movable connecting plate 69, pushing the rotating moving drill bit 65 to feed radially at a uniform speed towards the casing. All drilling modules 6 operate synchronously until the moving drill bit 65 drills through the casing wall, forming a ring of high-quality pre-drilled holes distributed along a predetermined spiral line on the casing. After drilling is completed, the ball screw 67 is reversed to retract each moving drill bit 65 into its respective housing 61.

[0076] Release the inner support plates 16 of the first clamping and centering mechanism 2 and the second clamping and centering mechanism 3. Then, operate the lifting motor 45 of the screw lifting mechanism 4, causing the lead screw gear 42 to drive the first clamping and centering mechanism 2, drilling mechanism 1, second clamping and centering mechanism 3, and perforating gun 5 connected to it to move upward along the central lead screw 41 by a precisely calculated distance. This distance allows the drilling mechanism 1 to completely move out of the drilled area, while simultaneously causing the perforating projectile in the perforating gun 5 to rise to the same height as the pre-drilled mechanical hole on the casing, achieving precise alignment between the perforating projectile and the hole.

[0077] After confirming precise alignment, the shaped charge perforating projectile 5 inside the perforating gun 5 is detonated via an electrical signal. The jet passes through the pre-formed mechanical holes in the casing, extending directly into the deep formation to form a clean and efficient oil and gas flow channel. Because the jet does not directly impact or damage the casing and has extremely high alignment accuracy, it maximizes the protection of the casing integrity and significantly improves perforation efficiency and subsequent fracturing effects.

[0078] After the perforation operation is completed, the inner support plates 16 of the first clamping and centering mechanism 2 and the second clamping and centering mechanism 3 are retracted to release the casing. Then, the entire device is pulled out of the wellbore via cable or coiled tubing, completing a full combined operation.

[0079] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0080] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0081] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, under the guidance of the present invention, can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and claims of the present invention, and such modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downhole drilling and perforating coiled device, characterized by: The drilling device comprises, from top to bottom, a screw lifting mechanism (4), a first clamping centering mechanism (2), a drilling mechanism (1), a second clamping centering mechanism (3) and a perforating gun (5) connected in sequence. The drilling mechanism (1) comprises a linear motor (7) and a plurality of drilling modules (6) arranged in series along the axial direction and driven by the linear motor (7), each of the drilling modules (11) being provided with a movable drill bit (65) capable of drilling in the radial direction; The number of perforating bullets (51) of the perforating gun (5) matches the number of the drilling modules (11), the ejection direction of the corresponding perforating bullet (51) is consistent with the drilling direction of the corresponding movable drill bit (65), and the distance between adjacent perforating bullets (51) is consistent with the distance between adjacent movable drill bits (65).

2. A downhole drilling and perforating coiled device as defined in claim 1, wherein: The drilling points of the movable drill bits (65) arranged from bottom to top are arranged in a spiral ascending manner, and the arrangement mode of the perforating bullets (51) of the perforating gun (5) matches the movable drill bits (65).

3. A downhole drilling and perforating coiled device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The drilling module (6) comprises a cylindrical shell (61), the shell (61) is a structure of two semicylinders connected by a transverse bolt (613); A plurality of through holes (611) are formed in the shell (61) near the edge, and connecting screws (612) are arranged in the through holes (611) to connect the plurality of drilling modules (6) in series.

4. The downhole drilling and perforating coiled device of claim 3, wherein: An upper mounting hole (631) is formed in the middle of the upper end surface of the shell (61), an input shaft (632) is mounted in the upper mounting hole (631) through a washer (66) and an upper bearing (634), the upper end of the input shaft (632) extends out of the upper mounting hole (631), and a upper bevel gear (63) is fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the input shaft (632); A lower mounting hole (641) is formed in the middle of the lower end surface of the shell (61), an output shaft (642) is mounted in the lower mounting hole (641) through a washer (66) and a lower bearing (644), the lower end of the output shaft (642) extends out of the lower mounting hole (641), and a lower bevel gear (64) is fixedly sleeved on the upper end of the output shaft (642); A middle mounting hole (621) is formed in the outer side wall of the shell (61), a drive shaft (622) is mounted in the middle mounting hole (621) through a washer (66) and a middle bearing (623), a movable drill bit (65) is connected to the inner end of the drive shaft (622), the outer end of the movable drill bit (65) extends out of the outer side wall of the shell (61), and a middle bevel gear (62) is fixedly sleeved on the drive shaft (622); The upper bevel gear (63) is engaged with the middle bevel gear (62), and the lower bevel gear (64) is engaged with the middle bevel gear (62). A lead screw frame (68) is installed below the mobile drill bit (65), the lower part of the lead screw frame (68) is supported in the central hole of the lower bevel gear (64) through a bearing, a ball screw (67) parallel to the mobile drill bit (65) is installed between the lead screw frame (68) and the outer wall of the shell (61), a driving gear (625) is fixedly sleeved on the driving shaft (622), a transmission gear (626) is fixedly sleeved on the ball screw (67), the driving gear (625) and the transmission gear (626) are engaged; A mobile connecting plate (69) is connected between the mobile drill bit (65) and the ball screw (67), the upper part of the mobile connecting plate (69) is provided with a bearing hole, the bearing hole is sleeved on the mobile drill bit (65), and the lower part is threadedly sleeved on the ball screw (67).

5. A downhole drilling and perforating coiled device as defined in claim 4, wherein: The bottom of the output shaft (642) protrudes outside the shell (61) and forms an internal hexagonal groove (643), the top of the input shaft (632) protrudes outside the shell (61) and forms a hexagonal head (633), and the hexagonal head (633) of the drilling module (6) can be embedded and matched with the internal hexagonal groove (643) of the output shaft (642) of another drilling module (6).

6. A downhole drilling and perforating coiled device as defined in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The input shaft (632) of the uppermost drilling module (6) is connected with the linear motor (7), the outer sleeve of the linear motor (7) is provided with a cylindrical drilling support (17), and the first clamping centering mechanism (2) is fixedly connected, The first clamping centering mechanism (2) comprises a cylindrical clamping motor (8), a clamping sleeve (9) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the clamping motor (8), at least two strip-shaped holes (91) are formed in the upper half of the side wall of the clamping sleeve (9), a lead screw (10) is connected to the lower end of the clamping motor (8) through a shaft coupling (81), and the upper and lower ends of the lead screw (10) are installed in the clamping sleeve (9) through lead screw bearings (11); a driving ring (92) is threadedly sleeved on the lead screw (10), a movable ring (93) is sleeved outside the clamping sleeve (9), a push-pull screw (13) protruding from the strip-shaped hole (91) is fixed on the driving ring (92), and the push-pull screw (13) is in contact with the upper side wall of the movable ring (93); At least three inner support plates (16) are vertically arranged outside the clamping sleeve (9), the tooth parts of the inner support plates (16) are located on the side away from the clamping sleeve (9), a movable connecting rod (14), a second connecting rod (12) and a first connecting rod (15) are respectively hinged from top to bottom on the inner support plates (16), and the outer end of the movable connecting rod (14) is hinged with the movable ring (93), and the second connecting rod (12) and the first connecting rod (15) are respectively hinged with the outer side wall of the clamping sleeve (9); The downward movement of the movable ring (93) can drive the inner support plates (16) to be pushed outwards.

7. A downhole drilling and perforating coiled device as defined in claim 6, wherein: The screw lifting mechanism (4) comprises a lifting motor (45) and a screw rod (41), a lifting gear (43) is sleeved on the output end of the lifting motor (45), a screw rod gear (42) is sleeved on the screw rod (41), the screw rod gear (42) is engaged with the lifting gear (43), and a gear protection shell (44) is installed on the screw rod (41), and the screw rod gear (42) and the lifting gear (43) are located in the gear protection shell (44); A lifting support (18) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the screw rod (41), and the clamping motor (8) is clamped in the lifting support (18).

8. A downhole drilling and perforating coiled device as defined in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: A second clamping and centering mechanism (3) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the drilling module (6) at the bottom of the drilling mechanism (1); The second clamping and centering mechanism (3) is the same in structure as the first clamping and centering mechanism (2) and is symmetrically installed at the two ends of the drilling module (6) with the first clamping and centering mechanism (2); wherein the upper end of the second clamping and centering mechanism (3) is fixedly connected with the drilling module (6) at the bottom of the drilling mechanism (1) through a clamping sleeve (9).

9. A downhole drilling and perforating coiled device as defined in claim 8, wherein: A perforating support (19) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the perforating gun (5), the perforating support (19) is clamped on the clamping motor (8) of the second clamping and centering mechanism (3), and the perforating gun (5) is a shaped charge perforating gun.

10. A method of operating a downhole drilling and perforating coiled device comprising the downhole drilling and perforating coiled device of any one of claims 1-9, characterized by The method comprises the following steps: Step one: from top to bottom, the screw lifting mechanism (4), the first clamping and centering mechanism (2), the drilling mechanism (1), the second clamping and centering mechanism (3) and the perforating gun (5) are assembled, the assembled device is lowered into the well through a cable or a coiled tubing, reaches the predetermined perforating depth position of the target production layer, and the clamping motor (8) of the first clamping and centering mechanism (2) and the second clamping and centering mechanism (3) is driven by a ground or downhole control signal, the movable ring (93) is pushed downward, the linkage mechanism composed of the movable connecting rod (14), the first connecting rod (15) and the second connecting rod (12) drives the inner support plate (16) to open radially outward synchronously until abutting against the inner wall of the casing, and the fixing and centering of the device are realized; Step two: the linear motor (7) is started, power is transmitted to each drilling module (6) through the upper bevel gear (63), the middle bevel gear (62) and the lower bevel gear (64) in sequence, the movable drill bit (65) is driven to rotate by the driving gear (625), the driving gear (626) is driven to rotate by the driving gear (626), the rotary motion is converted into linear thrust by the movable connecting plate (69), the movable drill bit (65) is pushed to feed radially to the casing, and the spiral distributed prefabricated hole drilling is completed on the pipeline; Step three, after the drilling is completed, the ball screw (67) is reversed to retract the moving drill bit (65); the inner support plate (16) of the first clamping and centering mechanism (2) and the second clamping and centering mechanism (3) is loosened, the lifting motor (45) of the screw lifting mechanism (4) is operated, the lead screw gear (42) drives the first clamping and centering mechanism (2), the drilling mechanism (1), the second clamping and centering mechanism (3) and the perforating gun (5) to move upward along the lead screw (41) as a whole, so that the perforating charge (51) is accurately aligned with the prefabricated hole on the casing; Step four, after the alignment is confirmed, the shaped charge in the perforating gun (5) is detonated by an electrical signal, the jet extends to the deep formation through the prefabricated hole to form an oil and gas flow channel; after the perforation is completed, the inner support plate (16) of the first clamping and centering mechanism (2) and the second clamping and centering mechanism (3) is retracted, the device is pulled out of the wellbore through the cable or the coiled tubing, and the combined operation is completed.

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