Resource-efficient large-span sunlight greenhouse

Abstract

The invention discloses a resource efficient type large-span sunlight greenhouse which comprises a front roof foundation, a wall body fixedly connected to a wall body foundation, a heat preservation layer covering the outer side face of the wall body, a north wall top ring beam fixedly connected to the wall body, a roof arch frame connected to the north wall top ring beam and the front roof foundation, and stand columns fixedly connected to independent column foundations. The vertical column is connected with the roof arch frame, a first plastic film is laid on the roof arch frame, a second plastic film is laid on the north side inner arch frame, the first plastic film and the second plastic film are connected with film reelers, heat preservation mechanisms are arranged on the roof arch frame and the north side inner arch frame, and a passive heat storage mechanism is arranged on the vertical column. The soil-air heat exchange system and the agricultural waste fermentation box are located in the sunlight greenhouse. All-time heat supply in winter is achieved through the multi-energy utilization device, absorption of scattered radiation and direct radiation by the greenhouse wall in summer is effectively reduced by laying the light and thin reflective heat preservation quilt on the wall, and indoor heat release is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar greenhouse technology, and in particular to a resource-efficient, large-span solar greenhouse. Background Technology

[0002] As an agricultural facility unique to my country, the solar greenhouse has solved the problem of uneven vegetable supply in northern my country. However, most existing solar greenhouses have a small span, resulting in low land utilization; traditional earthen-walled solar greenhouses have a land utilization rate of less than 50%. Since 2010, various regions have begun to design and construct large-span solar greenhouses, with spans ranging from 12 to 18 meters. This has effectively solved the problem of insufficient greenhouse space in my country, which prevents the implementation of mechanized and agronomical cultivation, and has greatly improved production efficiency. However, the shading distance of the greenhouses has also increased accordingly, resulting in a persistent limitation on the land utilization rate of solar greenhouses. Furthermore, the increased span also requires a corresponding improvement in the heat preservation and storage performance of the greenhouses.

[0003] Defects and shortcomings of existing technology:

[0004] 1. Existing large-span solar greenhouses share a common characteristic: due to the increased span, the ridge height also increases accordingly to ensure the solar radiation entering the greenhouse. In some large-span solar greenhouses, the ridge height has exceeded 7m, and even reached 7.5m or more. This results in a large area of ​​shading in the northern part of the greenhouse. Therefore, in practical applications, the greenhouse spacing of this type of large-span greenhouse will reach more than 12m. Although this type of greenhouse increases the indoor planting area, it also increases the outdoor shading area. The shaded area can only grow shade-tolerant vegetables or fruit trees, so the overall land utilization rate is not significantly improved.

[0005] 2. Due to the increased span, the heat dissipation area of ​​the greenhouse increases significantly, and the overall heat preservation ratio of the greenhouse decreases. As a result, the heat preservation and heat storage performance of this type of large-span greenhouse is insufficient, making it impossible to carry out overwintering cultivation of heat-loving vegetables.

[0006] 3. Due to the heat storage effect of the walls, this type of greenhouse is difficult to cool down in summer, which affects the growth of indoor crops.

[0007] 4. The rear roof projection width of this type of large-span greenhouse is relatively large, mostly exceeding 2m. In addition, due to the northward orientation of the sun in summer, crops on the north side of the greenhouse receive less solar radiation, which affects crop growth.

[0008] Therefore, a resource-efficient, large-span solar greenhouse is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a resource-efficient, large-span solar greenhouse to solve the problems existing in the prior art, reduce the outdoor shading area, improve land utilization, and enhance the greenhouse's heat preservation and heat dissipation, making it more suitable for crop growth in winter and summer.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a resource-efficient, large-span solar greenhouse, comprising:

[0011] The roof consists of a front roof foundation, wall foundations, several independent column foundations, an east wall, a west wall, and a roof arch. Walls are fixedly connected to the wall foundations. The outer surface of the walls is covered with an insulation layer, and a thin, reflective insulation roll is installed on the inner surface of the walls. A ring beam at the top of the north wall is fixedly connected to the walls. Columns are fixedly connected to the independent column foundations. The roof arch is fixedly connected to the walls, columns, front roof foundation, east wall, and west wall. A fixed connection is established between the walls and the columns. The roof arch and the north inner arch are both fixedly connected to several horizontal tie rods. A plastic film one is laid on the roof arch, and a plastic film two is laid on the north inner arch. Both plastic film one and plastic film two are connected to film rolling devices. Both the roof arch and the north inner arch are equipped with heat preservation mechanisms. A number of top and bottom ventilation openings are opened on plastic film one, and a number of inner ventilation openings are opened on plastic film two. A passive heat storage mechanism is installed on the column.

[0012] A soil-air heat exchange system, wherein the soil-air heat exchange system is located inside the greenhouse;

[0013] An agricultural waste fermentation box is located inside the greenhouse.

[0014] Preferably, a plastic-coated mesh is fixedly connected to the top vent and the inner vent, and an insect-proof mesh is fixedly connected to the plastic-coated mesh. Several movable films are fixedly connected to the first plastic film, and several movable films are fixedly connected to the second plastic film. The roof arch and the north inner arch are both provided with slots, and spring clips are engaged in the slots. The first and second plastic films are both installed by the spring clips. The first movable film is located at the top vent, and the second movable film is located at the inner vent and the bottom vent.

[0015] Preferably, the insulation mechanism includes a roller shutter machine, which is installed on both the roof arch and the inner arch, and an insulation blanket is wound on the roller shutter machine.

[0016] Preferably, the passive heat storage mechanism includes several solar water heater bags, several crossbeams are fixedly connected between two adjacent columns, several connecting rods are fixedly connected between two adjacent crossbeams, the solar water heater bags are fixedly connected to the crossbeams and the connecting rods, and scissor braces are fixedly connected between two adjacent columns.

[0017] Preferably, the soil-air heat exchange system includes an air inlet pipe, a heat exchange pipe, an air outlet pipe, and an axial flow fan. The heat exchange pipe is buried underground in the greenhouse. The air inlet pipe is connected to the heat exchange pipe, and the air outlet pipe is connected to the heat exchange pipe. Both the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe extend above the ground. The air inlet pipe has an air inlet, and the air outlet pipe has an air outlet. The axial flow fan is installed on the air inlet.

[0018] Preferably, the agricultural waste fermentation box includes a box body, with casters installed at the bottom of the box body, movable doors installed on the top and sides of the box body, door handles fixedly connected to the movable doors, a ladder fixedly connected to the outer side of the box body, several ventilation fans installed on the top of the box body, several ventilation pipes installed on the sides of the box body, and a perforated partition plate fixedly connected inside the box body, the perforated partition plate dividing the inside of the box body into an upper space and a lower space, the upper space being a fermentation layer in which fermentation raw materials are placed, and the lower space being a breathable layer in which a padding layer is laid.

[0019] Preferably, the housing comprises a plurality of square steel bars and a plurality of rigid composite panels, wherein the rigid composite panels are fixedly connected to the square steel bars.

[0020] Preferably, a plurality of diagonal braces are fixedly connected between the column and the roof arch frame. The diagonal braces are connected to the roof arch frame through diagonal brace connectors. An anti-tilting rod is fixedly connected to the top of the column. An embedded part is installed on the front roof foundation, and the roof arch frame is fixedly connected to the embedded part.

[0021] Preferably, a front roof apron is connected to the front roof foundation, and a drainage ditch is provided on the ground on the south side of the front roof foundation. The front roof apron is connected to the drainage ditch. A passageway is arranged inside the greenhouse, and the passageway is located at the wall.

[0022] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: the north wall and the top of the columns of the greenhouse are covered with a passive water heat storage device, the soil heat storage and release system is arranged underground in the greenhouse, and a biological heat fermentation device is arranged inside the greenhouse to supplement the greenhouse with gas and heat. The multi-energy utilization device of solar energy, air energy and biomass energy can realize all-time heating in winter, and provide carbon dioxide for crop photosynthesis during the closed stage of the greenhouse during the daytime in winter.

[0023] By covering the walls with a thin, reflective insulating blanket, the absorption of diffuse and direct radiation by the greenhouse walls in summer is effectively reduced, preventing heat release into the room and further exacerbating the high indoor temperature. At the same time, the reflective film can effectively reflect solar radiation, increase diffused light inside the room, and make indoor lighting more uniform. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the greenhouse of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the greenhouse of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the greenhouse of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic plan view of the soil-air heat exchange system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the fermentation box for agricultural waste in a solar greenhouse according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the beam and column layout of the solar greenhouse of this invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic elevation view of the greenhouse agricultural waste fermentation box of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a top view of the agricultural waste fermentation box of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a cross-section of the agricultural waste fermentation tank of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a cross-section of the agricultural waste fermentation tank of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the solar greenhouse of this invention improves land utilization.

[0036] The components include: 1. Front roof foundation; 2. Independent column foundation; 3. Wall foundation; 4. Wall; 5. Insulation covering; 6. North wall top ring beam; 7. Roof arch frame; 8. North side inner arch frame; 9. Horizontal tie rod; 10. Diagonal brace; 11. Insulation blanket; 12. Hot water storage bag; 13. Card slot; 14. Film rolling device; 15. Bottom vent; 16. Top vent; 17. Inner vent; 18. Column; 19. Diagonal brace connector; 20. Anti-tilting bar; 21. Embedded parts; 22. Front roof drainage; 23. Drainage ditch; 24. Passageway; 25. North span; 26. South span; 27. Ridge height; 28. Soil and air heat exchange system; 29. ​​Air intake pipe; 3 0. Heat exchange pipes; 31. Air outlet pipes; 32. Air inlet; 33. Air outlet; 34. Fan; 35. Agricultural waste fermentation box; 35-1. Movable door; 35-2. Casters; 35-3. Door handle; 35-4. Ladder; 35-5. Square steel; 35-6. Rigid composite board; 35-7. Agricultural waste; 35-8. Perforated board; 35-9. Breathable layer; 35-10. Subbase layer; 35-11. Ventilation pipe; 35-12. Fan; 36. Perforated air guide bag; 37. Door; 38. Crossbeam; 39. Connecting rod; 40. Solar hot water bag; 41. Scissor brace; 42. Ridge height position of similar greenhouses; 43. Increased usable area. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Reference Figure 1-11 This invention provides a resource-efficient, large-span solar greenhouse, comprising:

[0040] The structure includes a front roof foundation 1, wall foundation 3, several independent column foundations 2, east wall, west wall, and roof arch 7. A wall 4 is fixedly connected to the wall foundation 3. The outer surface of wall 4 is covered with an insulation layer 5, and a thin, reflective insulation roll is installed on the inner surface of wall 4. A ring beam 6 at the top of the north wall is fixedly connected to wall 4. Columns 18 are fixedly connected to the independent column foundations 2. The roof arch 7 is fixedly connected to wall 4, columns 18, front roof foundation 1, east wall, and west wall. A fixed connection is maintained between wall 4 and columns 18. There is a north inner arch frame 8, a roof arch frame 7 and a north inner arch frame 8, both of which are fixedly connected to several horizontal tie rods 9. A plastic film 1 is laid on the roof arch frame 7 and a plastic film 2 is laid on the north inner arch frame 8. Both plastic film 1 and plastic film 2 are connected to film rolling devices. Insulation mechanisms are installed on the roof arch frame 7 and the inner arch frame. Several top ventilation openings 16 and bottom ventilation openings 15 are opened on plastic film 1, and several inner ventilation openings 17 are opened on plastic film 2. A passive heat storage mechanism is installed on the column 18.

[0041] Soil-air heat exchange system 28 is located inside the greenhouse.

[0042] Agricultural waste fermentation box 35 is located inside the greenhouse.

[0043] In this solar greenhouse, the greenhouse arch frame 7 is connected to the top ring beam 6 of the north wall and the foundation 1 of the front roof, and is reinforced and supported by a beam-column structure. It is equipped with an external roof insulation layer 5 and an insulation mechanism. The wall 4 is an insulated and heat-storing wall, and its inner surface is fitted with a thin, reflective insulation roll-up device. This device rolls up in winter without affecting the wall's heat storage and release, and lowers in summer to block heat storage and increase indoor diffused light. The wall 4 uses commonly available masonry, requiring a heat storage coefficient ≥7. The insulation layer 5 uses color-coated polystyrene board, extruded polystyrene board, and other insulation materials, with an overall wall thermal resistance of 3.0-4.0 m. 2 •K / W.

[0044] The greenhouse is divided into a south span and a north span, forming a large-span asymmetrical structure. The north span (25) is smaller than the south span (26). The net indoor span is 16-20m, the south span is 9-11m, and the north span is 7-9m. The ridge height (27) ranges from 4.9-7.2m. The north roof uses a double-layer arch frame, with the inner arch frame (8) on the north side connected between the top ring beam (6) and column (18) on the north wall. The south roof uses a single-layer arch frame. All roof arch frames (7) are made of elliptical tubes with specifications ≥80mm×30mm×2.0mm. The horizontal tie rods (9) are galvanized round tubes arranged at the lower part of the arch frame with specifications ≥DN20×2.8mm. Column (18) is set at the boundary between the north and south spans. The specifications of column (18) are ≥120mm×60mm×4.5mm, and the specifications of the horizontal beams are ≥80mm×60mm×4.0mm. The specifications of the connecting rods between the horizontal beams are ≥50mm×40mm×3.0mm. This north-south span structure with independent columns significantly reduces bending stress and deflection under the same load compared to a single-span structure, enhancing overall integrity and overturning resistance. Simultaneously, the roof slope can be made more reasonable, facilitating drainage and snow removal.

[0045] The greenhouse has plastic film covering the bottom and shoulder of the south roof, the roof arch 7 of the north roof, and the inner arch 8 on the north side, with ventilation openings in total. There are four ventilation openings, which are installed using an electric roll-up method. The ventilation opening 15 at the bottom of the south roof and the top ventilation opening 16 at the shoulder are 1.8m wide, while the top ventilation opening 16 and the inner ventilation opening 17 at the north roof are 2.5m wide. This large ventilation opening pattern helps to achieve effective ventilation in the room during the summer.

[0046] The scheme is further optimized. A plastic-coated mesh is fixedly connected to the top vent 16 and the inner vent 17. An insect-proof net is fixedly connected to the plastic-coated mesh. Several movable film 1s are fixedly connected to plastic film 2, and several movable film 2s are fixedly connected to plastic film 3. The roof arch 7 and the north inner arch 8 are both provided with slots, and spring clips are engaged in the slots. Plastic film 1 and plastic film 2 are both installed by spring clips. Movable film 1 is located at the top vent 16, and movable film 2 is located at the inner vent 17 and the bottom vent 15.

[0047] The insect net is a 60-mesh insect net. To ensure insulation in winter, a 1-meter-wide fixed plastic film is reserved on both the east and west sides of the ventilation arch. In winter, movable film one and movable film two are closed. The movable film and the fixed film are sealed by overlapping, which effectively reduces the penetration of cold air and heat loss through gaps. With the cooperation of the spring clip and the slot, it is easy to install plastic film one on the roof arch 7 and easy to install plastic film two on the inner arch 8 on the north side.

[0048] The design is further optimized so that the insulation mechanism includes a roller shutter machine. Roller shutter machines are installed on both the roof arch frame 7 and the inner arch frame, and insulation blankets 11 are rolled up on the roller shutter machines.

[0049] The greenhouse has 11 layers of insulation blankets rolled up on the outer side of the south roof and the inner side of the north roof. When the greenhouse length is ≤80m, both the inner and outer insulation blankets are rolled up using a side-mounted roller type machine. When the greenhouse length is >80m, both the inner and outer insulation blankets are rolled up using a center-mounted roller type machine. The insulation blanket covering the middle position can be rolled up using a pull rope method. Two pull ropes are arranged on the crossbeam of the support connecting the rollers and placed at the bottom of the insulation blanket in the middle position. The blanket is rolled up simultaneously to avoid shading problems in the middle of the greenhouse.

[0050] The greenhouse requires a main entrance for personnel and machinery. A double-layered sliding door (37) measuring 2.2 x 2.2 meters is installed on the west facade to accommodate small agricultural machinery. This entrance structure employs a dual-layered sliding door design with independent opening and closing mechanisms. The operation is as follows: first, open the outer sliding door; after personnel enter the transition space between the two doors, close the outer door; then, open the inner sliding door to enter the greenhouse. This sequential double-layered door design effectively reduces the direct intrusion of cold air into the greenhouse during personnel entry and exit, significantly minimizing heat loss due to door opening, thus achieving good insulation and energy-saving effects. If the greenhouse is too long, double-layered sliding doors can be installed on both the east and west facades to allow for one-way traffic and prevent agricultural machinery or transport vehicles from having to backtrack over long distances.

[0051] The scheme is further optimized. The passive heat storage mechanism includes several solar hot water bags 12, several crossbeams 38 are fixedly connected between two adjacent columns 18, several connecting rods 39 are fixedly connected between two adjacent crossbeams 38, the solar hot water bags 12 are fixedly connected to the crossbeams 38 and the connecting rods 39, and scissor braces 41 are fixedly connected between two adjacent columns 18.

[0052] The top of the column 18 is connected to a crossbeam. The passive heat storage mechanism utilizes solar hot water bags 12 to absorb solar radiation and heat the water inside, thereby providing heat for the greenhouse. The solar hot water bags 12 are made of weather-resistant flexible material, specifically thickened canvas or thickened Oxford cloth. The solar hot water bags 12 have a rectangular, flat structure, with standard dimensions of 1.2m (length) × 0.8m (width) × 0.1m (thickness when fully filled), and an effective water capacity of 80L ± 5L (error ≤ 6%). The bag edges are double-lined heat-sealed (heat-sealed width ≥ 1cm, sealing strength ≥ 50N / 10cm), and a DN20 water inlet is provided (equipped with a threaded cap + silicone sealing ring, with a pressure resistance ≥ 0.1MPa after tightening) and a φ5mm automatic air vent valve (automatically vents air when the internal water temperature rises to ≥ 0.02MPa to prevent expansion and rupture). Solar hot water bags 12 are laid horizontally under the greenhouse beams 38, ensuring they do not obstruct the north wall's absorption of solar radiation. Each bag has three fixing holes on each of its four long sides to connect to the greenhouse beams and connecting rods. Five sets of solar hot water bags 12, totaling 400L of water, can be placed in one bay for heat storage and release. This passive water-based heat storage device directly absorbs short-wave solar radiation. Heat is transferred through the bag material to the internal water, raising its temperature and achieving the conversion and storage of solar energy into thermal energy. At night, the high-temperature water inside the bags releases long-wave radiant heat to the greenhouse air and crops through the bag surface, while simultaneously exchanging heat with the surrounding cool air through natural convection, supplementing the greenhouse's heat supply.

[0053] Further optimizing the scheme, the soil-air heat exchange system 28 includes an air inlet pipe 29, a heat exchange pipe 30, an air outlet pipe 31, and an axial flow fan 34. The heat exchange pipe 30 is buried underground in the greenhouse. The air inlet pipe 29 is connected to the heat exchange pipe 30, and the air outlet pipe 31 is connected to the heat exchange pipe 30. Both the air inlet pipe 29 and the air outlet pipe 31 extend above the ground. The air inlet pipe 29 has an air inlet 32, and the air outlet pipe 31 has an air outlet. The axial flow fan is installed on the air inlet 32.

[0054] The soil-air heat exchange system 28 is located on the soil inside the greenhouse, passively regulating the greenhouse's thermal environment by utilizing the soil's "warm in winter and cool in summer" characteristics and its heat storage and release properties. The heat exchange pipes 30 are buried at a depth ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 meters, and the pipe types include smooth flat-walled pipes and porous pipes; the porous pipes need to be wrapped with non-woven fabric as a filter layer to effectively prevent sand particles from entering the pipe interior and ensure the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0055] The length and diameter of the pipes need to be precisely calculated and determined according to the actual heat control needs of the greenhouse. The layout adopts a horizontal single-pipe type, and the overall layout is adapted to the height of the greenhouse structure: the air inlet pipe 29 is introduced from the east and west walls of the greenhouse, and the height varies according to the arch shape. The pipe spacing is greater than that of the heat exchange pipe 30, which is laid evenly in the east-west direction. The depth selection needs to be combined with the control target. If it is necessary to directly act on the crop root zone to optimize the root zone temperature, it can be laid at a depth of 0.5m. When used for short-term auxiliary cooling and light heating, the laying depth is 1-1.5m. For stronger short-term temperature control needs (such as rapid cooling or heating under extreme weather), a deep laying scheme of 2-2.5m is adopted. The air outlet pipe 31 is concentrated in the middle of the greenhouse, and works with the air inlet pipe 29 to form a complete airflow loop. The spacing between each heat exchange pipe is 1.2-2m. During the day, when the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds the suitable temperature for crop growth, the axial flow fan 34 is turned on to draw the high-temperature gas from inside into the underground heat exchange pipe. After the gas undergoes efficient heat exchange with the surrounding soil, the low-temperature air is displaced and flows back into the greenhouse to cool it down, while simultaneously raising the temperature of the soil around the pipe. At night, when the temperature inside the greenhouse is lower than the temperature required by the crops, the axial flow fan 34 is turned on to introduce the low-temperature gas from inside into the heat exchange pipe, where it undergoes heat exchange with the soil around the pipe, and the high-temperature air is displaced and flows back into the greenhouse to heat it up.

[0056] Air inlet PVC pipes, 30cm long and 7cm high from the bottom of the cover plates on both the north and south sides, with a pipe diameter of 11cm, are installed at the bottom. Air outlet PVC pipes are installed on the top north and south cover plates, along with non-automatically closing axial flow fans 34 for releasing heat and carbon dioxide. The air outlet pipes 31 are connected to 50mm diameter perforated PVC pipes (open area ≥15%) via reducing pipes and are arranged along the length of the greenhouse, positioned 30-50cm above the crop canopy, with an overall height ≥2.2m. These pipes release heat and carbon dioxide without interfering with agricultural operations.

[0057] The scheme is further optimized. The agricultural waste fermentation box 35 includes a box body with casters 35-2 installed at the bottom. The top and sides of the box body are equipped with movable doors 35-1, and door handles 35-3 are fixedly connected to the movable doors 35-1. A ladder 35-4 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the box body. Several ventilation fans 35-12 are installed on the top of the box body. Several ventilation pipes 35-11 are installed on the sides of the box body. A perforated partition plate 35-8 is fixedly connected inside the box body. The perforated partition plate 35-8 divides the internal space of the box body into an upper space and a lower space. The upper space is the fermentation layer, in which fermentation raw materials are placed. The lower space is the air permeable layer 35-9, in which a padding layer 35-10 is laid.

[0058] The fermentation chamber measures 20m × 2m × 2m. It features movable doors (35-1) on the middle of the chamber's facade and on both sides of the top, all connected by hinges and mechanically locked, facilitating operations such as turning, watering, adding materials, and draining liquid. A fixed ladder is installed on the south side of the chamber for easy access by operators. Sixteen casters (35-2) are installed at the bottom of the chamber, equipped with a braking and locking device, ensuring the fermentation chamber can be easily moved to any area of ​​the greenhouse and remains stable and reliable when stationary.

[0059] The agricultural waste fermentation box 35 uses agricultural waste 35-7 such as straw, cow dung, sheep dung, mushroom residue, etc. as raw materials to ferment and generate heat and gas.

[0060] The upper space is the fermentation layer, with a height of 1.7m, used to fill agricultural waste fermentation raw materials; the lower space is the air-permeable layer, with a height of 0.3m. The two are connected by a perforated partition plate 35-8, made of 304 stainless steel or FRP, with a plate thickness ≥10mm, a hole diameter of 8-12mm, and an opening rate ≥35%. The perforated partition plate 35-8 overlaps on the frame connector with an overlap length ≥5cm. The bottom of the perforated partition plate 35-8 is also equipped with a connecting rod to ensure stable load-bearing capacity.

[0061] The fermentation layer is filled with agricultural waste such as straw, cow manure, sheep manure, and mushroom residue (the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25-30:1, and the initial moisture content is controlled at 55-65%). Air is introduced through the air intake system, and a fermentation reaction occurs under the action of aerobic microorganisms, simultaneously generating heat (fermentation temperature is maintained at 55-65℃) and carbon dioxide. The cushion structure of the permeable layer ensures that air permeates evenly inside the material, avoiding the generation of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia through local anaerobic fermentation.

[0062] Daytime Mode (Crop Photosynthesis Stage): A CO2 concentration sensor is installed (≥2 sensors installed in the middle of the crop canopy, evenly distributed, measuring range 0-2000ppm, accuracy ±5ppm). When the sensor detects a greenhouse CO2 concentration ≤400ppm, the controller automatically starts the axial flow fan; when the CO2 concentration ≥800ppm, the controller automatically shuts off the fan. The axial flow fan 34 creates a negative pressure environment, accelerating air convection circulation within the fermentation material, enhancing aerobic fermentation efficiency, and simultaneously precisely delivering the CO2 and heat generated during fermentation to the crop canopy area through the porous air duct 36 to meet the needs of photosynthesis. Nighttime Mode (Crop Respiration Stage): The crop stops photosynthesis, and the controller keeps the axial flow fan off. Because the fan has a non-closed structure, the fermentation chamber forms a natural ventilation loop through the air inlet pipe, permeable layer, and outlet pipe. The heat generated during fermentation is slowly released into the greenhouse, achieving nighttime warming and maintaining a stable indoor temperature.

[0063] For sensitive crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers, a composite filter device (with built-in activated carbon + molecular sieve filter module and filtration accuracy ≤1μm) can be connected in series between the gas outlet pipe 31 and the reducing joint to adsorb trace amounts of harmful gases (such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) that may be generated during fermentation. The filter module can be replaced every ≥30 days to ensure that the gas released into the greenhouse is clean and harmless.

[0064] The design was further optimized so that the enclosure consists of several square steel 35-5 and several rigid composite panels 35-6, with the rigid composite panels 35-6 fixedly connected to the square steel 35-5.

[0065] The main frame of the fermentation tank is constructed of hot-dip galvanized square steel, with dimensions ≥50mm×50mm×2.0m. Frame joints are connected by full welding or M12 stainless steel bolts to meet the load requirements for fermentation material stacking and personnel operation. The frame is covered with corrosion-resistant rigid composite panels, adhering to the principles of low cost, high strength, and corrosion resistance. Cement-based composite panels, PVC rigid panels, or ordinary fiberglass FRP panels can be selected, with a thickness ≥12mm and a compressive strength ≥15Mpa. The panels are fixed to the frame with self-tapping screws at intervals ≤20cm, and the joints are filled with sealant to prevent rainwater infiltration. No additional insulation layer is provided in the enclosure structure, meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the fermentation tank.

[0066] The scheme is further optimized. Several diagonal braces 10 are fixedly connected between the column 18 and the roof arch 7. The diagonal braces 10 are connected to the roof arch 7 through the diagonal brace connector 19. An anti-tilting rod 20 is fixedly connected to the top of the column 18. An embedded part 21 is installed on the front roof foundation 1. The roof arch 7 is fixedly connected to the embedded part 21.

[0067] The diagonal brace 10 connects the south roof arch frame 7 and the column 18.

[0068] Further optimization of the scheme: a front roof apron 22 is connected to the front roof foundation 1, and a drainage ditch 23 is opened on the ground on the south side of the front roof foundation 1. The front roof apron 22 is connected to the drainage ditch 23. A passageway 24 is arranged inside the greenhouse, and the passageway is located at the wall 4.

[0069] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the greenhouse for improving land utilization in this invention. 42 represents the ridge height of a similar greenhouse, and 43 represents the usable area added in this invention.

[0070] The invention provides a passive water heat storage device covering the north wall and top of the columns of the greenhouse, a soil heat storage and release system arranged underground in the greenhouse, and a bio-fermentation device arranged inside the greenhouse to supplement the greenhouse with gas and heat. Through the multi-energy utilization device of solar energy, air energy and biomass energy, it can achieve all-time heating in winter, and provide carbon dioxide for crop photosynthesis during the winter greenhouse closure period.

[0071] By covering the walls with a thin, reflective insulating blanket, the absorption of diffuse and direct radiation by the greenhouse walls in summer is effectively reduced, preventing heat release into the room and further exacerbating the high indoor temperature. At the same time, the reflective film can effectively reflect solar radiation, increase diffused light inside the room, and make indoor lighting more uniform.

[0072] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0073] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A resource-efficient, large-span solar greenhouse, characterized in that, include: The roof foundation (1), wall foundation (3), several independent column foundations (2), east wall, west wall and roof arch (7), the wall foundation (3) is fixedly connected to the wall (4), the outer side of the wall (4) is covered with a thermal insulation layer (5), the inner side of the wall (4) is installed with a thin reflective thermal insulation roll, the top ring beam (6) of the north wall is fixedly connected to the wall (4), the independent column foundation (2) is fixedly connected to the column (18), the roof arch (7) is fixedly connected to the wall (4), the column (18), the front roof foundation (1), the east wall and the west wall, the wall (4) and the column ( 18) are fixedly connected to the north side inner arch frame (8). Several horizontal tie rods (9) are fixedly connected to the roof arch frame (7) and the north side inner arch frame (8). A plastic film one is laid on the roof arch frame (7), and a plastic film two is laid on the north side inner arch frame (8). Both the plastic film one and the plastic film two are connected to a film rolling device. Both the roof arch frame (7) and the north side inner arch frame (8) are equipped with a heat preservation mechanism. Several top ventilation openings (16) and bottom ventilation openings (15) are opened on the plastic film one. Several inner ventilation openings (17) are opened on the plastic film two. A passive heat storage mechanism is installed on the column (18). Soil-air heat exchange system (28), said soil-air heat exchange system (28) is located inside the greenhouse; An agricultural waste fermentation box (35) is located inside the greenhouse.

2. The resource-efficient large-span solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: Plastic-coated mesh is fixedly connected to the top vent (16) and the inner vent (17). Insect-proof mesh is fixedly connected to the plastic-coated mesh. Several movable films are fixedly connected to the first plastic film and several movable films are fixedly connected to the second plastic film. The roof arch (7) and the north inner arch (8) are both provided with slots. Spring clips are engaged in the slots. The first plastic film and the second plastic film are both installed by the spring clips. The first movable film is located at the top vent (16), and the second movable film is located at the inner vent (17) and the bottom vent (15).

3. The resource-efficient large-span solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulation mechanism includes a roller shutter machine, which is installed on both the roof arch frame (7) and the inner arch frame, and an insulation blanket (11) is wound on the roller shutter machine.

4. The resource-efficient large-span solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive heat storage mechanism includes several solar hot water bags (12), several crossbeams (38) are fixedly connected between two adjacent columns (18), several connecting rods (39) are fixedly connected between two adjacent crossbeams (38), the solar hot water bags (12) are fixedly connected to the crossbeams (38) and the connecting rods (39), and scissor braces (41) are fixedly connected between two adjacent columns (18).

5. The resource-efficient large-span solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil-air heat exchange system (28) includes an air inlet pipe (29), a heat exchange pipe (30), an air outlet pipe (31), and an axial flow fan (34). The heat exchange pipe (30) is buried underground in the greenhouse. The air inlet pipe (29) is connected to the heat exchange pipe (30), and the air outlet pipe (31) is connected to the heat exchange pipe (30). Both the air inlet pipe (29) and the air outlet pipe (31) extend above the ground. The air inlet pipe (29) has an air inlet (32), and the air outlet pipe (31) has an air outlet. The axial flow fan is installed on the air inlet (32).

6. The resource-efficient large-span solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agricultural waste fermentation box (35) includes a box body, with casters (35-2) installed at the bottom of the box body. Movable doors (35-1) are installed on the top and sides of the box body. Door handles (35-3) are fixedly connected to the movable doors (35-1). A ladder (35-4) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the box body. Several ventilation fans (35-12) are installed on the top of the box body. Several ventilation pipes (35-11) are installed on the sides of the box body. A perforated partition plate (35-8) is fixedly connected inside the box body. The perforated partition plate (35-8) divides the inside of the box body into an upper space and a lower space. The upper space is a fermentation layer, in which fermentation raw materials are placed. The lower space is a breathable layer (35-9), in which a pad layer (35-10) is laid.

7. A resource-efficient, large-span solar greenhouse according to claim 6, characterized in that: The enclosure includes several square steel bars (35-5) and several rigid composite plates (35-6), with the rigid composite plates (35-6) fixedly connected to the square steel bars (35-5).

8. The resource-efficient large-span solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: A number of diagonal braces (10) are fixedly connected between the column (18) and the roof arch frame (7). The diagonal braces (10) are connected to the roof arch frame (7) through diagonal brace connectors (19). An anti-tilting rod (20) is fixedly connected to the top of the column (18). An embedded part (21) is installed on the front roof foundation (1). The roof arch frame (7) is fixedly connected to the embedded part (21).

9. A resource-efficient, large-span solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front roof foundation (1) is connected to the front roof drainage (22), and a drainage ditch (23) is opened on the ground on the south side of the front roof foundation (1). The front roof drainage (22) is connected to the drainage ditch (23). A passageway (24) is arranged inside the greenhouse, and the passageway is located at the wall (4).

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