Functional elastic fiber and spinning assembly and preparation method thereof
By designing the spinneret assembly and controlling the distribution of functional particles in the fiber, the problems of fiber path damage and decreased elasticity caused by the addition of functional particles are solved, achieving stable production and good elasticity of functional fibers, which are suitable for blankets, home textile fabrics and microwave absorbing fibers.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-20
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, when functional particles are added to elastic fibers, they can easily damage the fiber path, resulting in poor crimping effect. Furthermore, thermodynamic differences affect elastic properties, making it difficult to achieve both functional effects and good elasticity.
The design employs a spinneret assembly, which controls the flow of the first melt, the second melt, and the functional melt by setting separators and functional melt channels within the spinneret orifices. This ensures that the functional melt is locally distributed on or inside the fiber surface, maintaining a parallel morphology with thermodynamic differences, thus achieving a balance between functional effects and elastic properties.
Composite fibers with good crimping properties and functional effects were prepared. The process is simple and convenient, making them suitable for permanent antistatic applications in blankets and home textiles, as well as for wave-absorbing fibers.
Smart Images
Figure CN121700535A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite fiber technology, and in particular to a functional elastic fiber, its spinning components, and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Elastic fiber is a type of fiber with excellent performance in weaving and fabric applications, as well as functional fibers such as conductive fibers and microwave absorbing fibers. Therefore, there is a need to add functional particles to elastic fibers.
[0003] Elastic fibers obtained through physical crimping and deformation processes exhibit good crimping effects, but the functional particles on the fiber surface cause significant damage to the ceramic components on the fiber path during texturing, making stable production difficult. Elastic fibers obtained from two polyesters with thermodynamic differences, however, suffer from poor elasticity if the functional particles are present in only one of the polyesters, as this thermodynamic difference is not fully realized. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape cannot achieve a parallel configuration. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a functional elastic fiber, its spinning components and preparation method. Based on the existing parallel composite elastic fibers, by locally adding functional components to the fiber cross section, it can achieve functional effects while maintaining good elastic properties.
[0005] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a spinning assembly for functional elastic fibers. The spinning assembly includes a spinneret and a distribution plate. The spinneret has spinneret channels, and the distribution plate has a boss opposite to the spinneret channels. A first groove and a second groove are respectively provided on both sides of the boss. A first melt channel and a second melt channel are respectively provided in the first groove and the second groove. The first melt channel and the second melt channel output a first melt and a second melt, respectively. The first melt and the second melt have different thermal shrinkage rates. There is a melt channel gap between the boss and the spinneret channels. A partition plate is provided in the melt channel gap and extends into the spinneret channels. The first melt and the second melt flow into the spinneret channels from both sides of the partition plate in the melt channel gap. A functional melt channel is provided on the boss. The functional melt channel outputs a functional melt and is close to the partition plate. The flow of the first melt and the second melt toward the partition plate confines the functional melt between the first melt and the second melt.
[0006] Furthermore, the functional melt channel is opposite to the central region of the spinneret channel, and the functional melt is enveloped between the first melt and the second melt after flowing into the spinneret channel.
[0007] Furthermore, the functional melt channel is opposite to the edge region of the spinneret channel. After the functional melt flows into the spinneret channel, a portion of the functional melt extends outward to contact the inner wall of the spinneret channel.
[0008] Furthermore, a portion of the projection of the functional melt channel hole toward the spinneret falls outside the spinneret channel.
[0009] Furthermore, the projection space formed by the partition plate projecting onto the first or second sprue hole is the first projection space; the projection space formed by the functional sprue hole projecting onto the spinneret is the second projection space; the first projection space and the second projection space intersect each other.
[0010] Furthermore, the first groove and the second groove are elliptical grooves symmetrically arranged on both sides of the separator; towards the direction closer to the separator, the first groove and the second groove gradually narrow to the protrusion, and the narrowing ends of the first groove and the second groove are connected.
[0011] Furthermore, the spinneret channel is formed by sequentially connecting the spinneret guide hole, the spinneret cone hole, and the spinneret micro-hole, and the separator is correspondingly inserted into the spinneret guide hole.
[0012] Furthermore, a functional elastic fiber, the functional elastic fiber being made from the spinning assembly, the functional elastic fiber having a functional component inside, and the functional component extending locally to the surface of the functional elastic fiber.
[0013] Furthermore, a functional fabric of functional elastic fiber, wherein the functional fabric contains the functional elastic fiber.
[0014] Furthermore, a method for preparing a functional elastic fiber includes the following steps: S1: melting a first polyester fiber-forming polymer, a second polyester fiber-forming polymer, and a polyester functional masterbatch respectively to obtain a first melt, a second melt, and a functional melt; S2: introducing the first melt, the second melt, and the functional melt into a spinning assembly, allowing the first melt to flow out from the first melt channel hole, the second melt to flow out from the second melt channel hole, and the functional melt to flow out from the functional melt channel hole; the three melts enter the spinneret channel for composite formation, and are then ejected from the spinneret channel to obtain a composite functional nascent fiber; S3: sequentially subjecting the nascent fiber to air cooling, stretching, oiling, tension adjustment by a guide disc, and winding to obtain a functional composite fiber with permanent elasticity.
[0015] Beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a functional elastic fiber, its spinning assembly, and its preparation method. A first melt and a second melt enter their respective elliptical grooves and enter the spinneret guide hole through the gap between the boss and the spinneret. To avoid the disturbance of the two melts in the spinneret guide hole affecting the parallel effect, a separator is set in the middle of the guide hole. At the same time, the functional melt enters the spinneret guide hole through the through hole opened on the boss, thereby completing the composite of the three melts. The position of the opening on the boss determines the position of the functional component in the fiber cross section, which can conveniently prepare a cross-sectional shape that is completely distributed in the fiber or distributed in the fiber but locally extended to the fiber surface. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the spinning assembly.
[0017] Appendix Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the melt discharge surface of the distribution plate;
[0018] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the boss and its two side grooves;
[0019] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spinneret channel structure;
[0020] Appendix Figure 5 This is a process bar chart. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0022] As attached Figures 1 to 5 The spinning assembly for a functional elastic fiber includes a feed plate 1, a sand cup plate 2, a first distribution plate 3, a second distribution plate 4, a third distribution plate 5, and a spinneret 6 arranged sequentially along the melt flow direction; these components are fixed to the housing by positioning pins. The feed plate 1 has three types of melt channels, each metered by a metering pump, which quantitatively introduces its respective melt. The third distribution plate 5 has 4-16 through holes for each type of melt distribution groove, delivering the three types of melt to the melt outlet surface on the third distribution plate 5.
[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the spinneret 6 has spinneret channels 7, and the melt outlet surface of the distribution plate 5 has a boss 8 opposite to the spinneret channels 7. A first groove 9 and a second groove 10 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the boss 8, ending at the edge of the boss 8. A first melt channel hole 11 and a second melt channel hole 12 are respectively provided in the first groove 9 and the second melt channel hole 12. The first melt channel hole 11 and the second melt channel hole 12 output the first melt and the second melt, respectively. The first melt and the second melt have different thermal shrinkage rates. The first melt is obtained by melting a first polyester fiber-forming polymer, and the second melt is obtained by melting a second polyester fiber-forming polymer.
[0024] A gap of equal height is provided between the plane of the boss 8 and the plane of the spinneret 6, thereby forming a melt channel gap between the boss 8 and the spinneret channel 7. In one embodiment of the present invention, the melt channel gap is 0.01-0.5 mm, and the optimized solution is 0.05-0.2 mm. A partition plate 14 is provided in the melt channel gap, and the partition plate 14 extends downward into the spinneret channel 7. The first melt and the second melt flow into the spinneret channel 7 from both sides of the partition plate 14 in the melt channel gap, and then are ejected from the spinneret channel 7 to obtain fibers.
[0025] Because the first melt and the second melt have different thermal shrinkage rates, the resulting fibers will curl under the effect of asymmetric shrinkage, thus giving the fibers excellent elasticity. When adding functional particles to these elastic fibers, if the functional particles are present in either the first melt or the second melt, it will affect the expression of the thermodynamic differences. In addition, the cross-sectional shape cannot achieve a parallel form, resulting in poor elastic properties.
[0026] To solve the above problems, in this invention, a functional melt channel 13 is provided on the boss 8. The functional melt channel 13 outputs functional melt, which is obtained by melting polyester functional masterbatch. The functional melt channel 13 is located close to the separator 14.
[0027] The first and second melts need to flow into the gap between the melt channels before flowing into the spinneret 7. During this process, the flow of the first and second melts toward the separator 14 exerts a compressive force on the functional melt, pushing it toward the separator 14. This confines the functional melt between the first and second melts, ensuring it is locally distributed rather than mixed within either melt, thus maintaining the thermodynamic difference between them. Furthermore, the separator keeps the first and second melts in a parallel configuration. Therefore, by locally adding functional components to the fiber cross-section, this invention achieves both functional effects and maintains good elastic properties.
[0028] like Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the spinneret channel 7 includes a spinneret guide hole 71, a spinneret cone hole 72, and a spinneret micro-orifice 73 connected in sequence in an axisymmetric manner. A rectangular partition 14 is placed in the spinneret guide hole 71. The height of the partition 14 is the sum of the height of the spinneret guide hole 71 and the height of the channel gap, the width of the partition 14 is the diameter of the spinneret guide hole 71, and the placement direction of the partition 14 is perpendicular to the line connecting the first melt channel opening 11 and the second melt channel opening 12. The partition 14 can reduce turbulent fluctuations when the first melt and the second melt combine, and improve the retention rate of the parallel cross-sectional shape.
[0029] The position of the functional melt channel hole 13 on the boss 8 determines the position of the functional component in the fiber cross-section. This allows for the convenient fabrication of a cross-sectional shape where the functional component is completely distributed within the fiber, or a cross-sectional shape where the functional component is distributed within the fiber but partially extends to the fiber surface. The distribution position of the functional component in the fiber can be controlled as needed to ensure good functional performance of the product fiber.
[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the functional melt channel 13 is opposite to the central region of the spinneret channel 7, and the functional melt flows into the spinneret channel 7 and is enveloped between the first melt and the second melt. In practical applications, the center position of the opening on the boss 8 is within 80% of the diameter of the spinneret guide hole 71. The resulting functional elastic fiber has its functional components completely distributed within the cross-section of the fiber.
[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the functional melt channel 13 is opposite to the edge region of the spinneret channel 7. After the functional melt flows into the spinneret channel 7, a portion of the functional melt extends outward to contact the inner wall of the spinneret channel 7. In practical applications, the center position of the opening on the boss 8 is within 20% of the diameter of the spinneret guide hole 71. The resulting functional elastic fiber has functional components distributed within the fiber, but some functional components may extend to the fiber surface.
[0032] In actual production, even if the functional melt channel 13 and the edge area of the spinneret 7 are opposite each other, the functional melt may still be completely pushed into the interior of the fiber because the first melt and the second melt flow toward the separator 14, preventing the functional components from extending to the fiber surface. Therefore, the functional melt channel 13 and the spinneret 7 are not directly opposite each other. Part of the projection of the functional melt channel 13 toward the spinneret 6 falls outside the spinneret 7, specifically outside the spinneret guide hole 71, to ensure that the functional components extend to the fiber surface.
[0033] The boss 8 has a circular cross-section, and the spinneret guide hole 71 also has a circular cross-section, with the center of the boss 8 and the center of the spinneret guide hole 71 facing each other. The diameter of the boss 8 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the spinneret guide hole 71; preferably, the diameter of the boss 8 is 1 to 1.2 times that of the spinneret guide hole 71. When the functional melt channel hole 13 is positioned close to the edge of the boss 8, a portion of the projection of the functional melt channel hole 13 toward the spinneret plate 6 will fall outside the spinneret guide hole 71.
[0034] The projection space formed by the separator 14 projecting onto the first melt channel hole 11 or the second melt channel hole 12 is the first projection space. For the melt in the first groove 9 or the second groove 10, if it is located within the first projection space, it will be directly pushed towards the spinneret guide hole 71, and the flow rate will be relatively high; if it is located outside the first projection space, the flow rate will be relatively low. The projection space formed by the functional melt channel hole 13 projecting onto the spinneret plate 6 is the second projection space, and the first projection space and the second projection space are interleaved. In other words, the functional melt flowing out of the functional channel hole 13 has both parts opposite to the first projection space and parts offset from the first projection space. Therefore, the pushing force on each part of the functional melt is different, which ensures that a part of the functional melt is left outside the spinneret guide hole 71, thereby ensuring that the functional components in the obtained fiber will have local extension to the fiber surface.
[0035] There is a certain gap between the functional melt channel hole 13 and the separator 14. The part of the functional melt that is offset from the first projection space will be pushed to flow around the separator and the spinneret guide hole 71. Therefore, the functional components can flow to spread on the fiber surface, so that the functional components have a larger surface area ratio on the fiber surface, which is conducive to exerting their functional effect.
[0036] The first groove 9 and the second groove 10, facing towards the partition 14, have successively connected widening and narrowing sections, with the narrowing section converging on the boss 8. (See attached image) Figure 4 In one embodiment shown, both the first groove 9 and the second groove 10 are elliptical grooves, with the elliptical opening tapering at the edge of the boss 8. The first weld channel hole 11 and the second weld channel hole 12 are located within the widening section, and the functional weld channel hole 13 is located within the narrowing section.
[0037] Specifically, the first groove 9 and the second groove 10 are elliptical grooves symmetrically arranged on both sides of the separator 14; towards the direction close to the separator 14, the first groove 9 and the second groove 10 gradually narrow to the boss 8, and the narrowing ends of the first groove 9 and the second groove 10 are connected, and the connection point is located at both ends of the separator 14, thereby forming a channel at both ends of the separator 14 through which the melt can flow, so the part of the functional melt that is offset from the first projection space can be spread out after bypassing the separator 14.
[0038] The present invention also provides a functional elastic fiber, which is made by the spinning assembly. The functional elastic fiber contains functional components inside, and the functional components extend locally to the surface of the functional elastic fiber. The side-by-side cross-sectional shape retention rate is greater than or equal to 95%, and the viscosity difference between the first polyester fiber-forming polymer and the second polyester fiber-forming polymer is greater than 0.3 dl / g.
[0039] The present invention can also prepare multifunctional composite fibers. For example, by adding a second functional element to the first melt or the second melt, a dual-functional composite fiber can be obtained. For example, by adding a magnetic functional element, conductive and wave-absorbing fibers can be prepared.
[0040] The present invention also provides a functional fabric containing functional elastic fibers.
[0041] This invention also provides a method for preparing functional elastic fibers, comprising the following steps: S1: melting a first polyester fiber-forming polymer, a second polyester fiber-forming polymer, and a polyester functional masterbatch respectively to obtain a first melt, a second melt, and a functional melt; S2: introducing the first melt, the second melt, and the functional melt into a spinning assembly, allowing the first melt to flow out from the first melt channel 11, the second melt to flow out from the second melt channel 12, and the functional melt to flow out from the functional melt channel 13; the three melts enter the spinneret 7 for composite formation, and are then ejected from the spinneret 7 to obtain composite functional nascent fibers; S3: sequentially subjecting the nascent fibers to air cooling, stretching, oiling, tension adjustment by a guide disc, and winding to obtain functional composite fibers with permanent elasticity.
[0042] The method of this invention prepares functional elastic fibers with excellent side-by-side cross-sectional shape and good crimping properties. The process is simple and convenient, requiring no texturing step. The resulting elastic fibers have stable crimping properties, making them more suitable for weaving requirements. The functional agent is locally loaded, maintaining good fiber properties. It can be widely used in permanent antistatic applications in blanket fabrics, home textile fabrics, etc., as well as in the field of microwave absorbing fibers.
[0043] In practical applications, a method for preparing a functional elastic fiber according to the present invention includes polyethylene terephthalate (PTT) as a first polyester fiber-forming polymer and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a second polyester fiber-forming polymer, wherein the viscosity of PTT is 1.05 dl / g and the viscosity of PET is 0.64 dl / g; it may further include tackified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the first polyester fiber-forming polymer and untackified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the second polyester fiber-forming polymer, wherein the viscosity of the tackified PET is 0.95 dl / g. The viscosity is dl / g; it also includes modified polyethylene terephthalate as the first polyester fiber-forming polymer and unmodified polyethylene terephthalate as the second polyester fiber-forming polymer, wherein the modified polyethylene terephthalate is modified with thermoplastic elastomer, wherein the mass percentage of thermoplastic elastomer is 1~10%, preferably 2~8%, more preferably 2.5~6%, and its modified viscosity is 0.95-1.15 dl / g.
[0044] The method for preparing the thermoplastic elastomer-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) preferably includes melt-blending a thermoplastic elastomer (TPEE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) followed by extrusion to obtain the thermoplastic elastomer-modified PET. The melt blending is carried out in a twin-screw extruder, and the extrusion temperature is preferably 245-285°C, more preferably 255-275°C.
[0045] The first polyester fiber polymer chips, the second polyester fiber polymer chips, and the functional masterbatch chips are melted separately to obtain a first melt, a second melt, and a functional melt. In this invention, unless otherwise specified, all raw materials are conventional materials, such as the PET or PTT mentioned above, and the functional masterbatch can be a commercially available product.
[0046] For manufacturing multifunctional elastic fibers, a second or third functional element can be added to the first or second melt. The amount of functional element added must be within the range that does not affect the difference in thermal shrinkage between the first and second melts; for example, when adding magnetic powder, the amount added cannot exceed 8%. The addition method is a twin-screw melt extrusion process.
[0047] This invention requires pretreatment of the fiber-forming polymer chips and functional masterbatch chips. The pretreatment includes drying, preferably at a temperature of 160-170°C, and preferably for 8-15 hours, more preferably 10-12 hours. This invention does not specify the exact drying process. In this invention, the moisture content of the chips is less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 30 ppm. The pretreatment of the fiber-forming polymer chips also includes pre-crystallization, which improves the crystallinity of the polyester fiber-forming polymer chips, making them less prone to sticking together and facilitating subsequent industrial spinning.
[0048] In this invention, when the first polyester fiber-forming polymer is PTT, the melting process includes: passing the PTT chips sequentially through four temperature zones: the first temperature zone is 235-245°C, the second temperature zone is 255-275°C, the third temperature zone is 255-275°C, and the fourth temperature zone is 255-275°C. In this invention, when the first polyester fiber-forming polymer is thermoplastic elastomer-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the melting process includes: passing the thermoplastic elastomer-modified PET chips sequentially through four temperature zones: the first temperature zone is 255-265°C, the second temperature zone is 280-290°C, the third temperature zone is 280-290°C, and the fourth temperature zone is 282-292°C. When the second polyester fiber polymer is PET, the melting process includes: passing the PET chips sequentially through four temperature zones: the first zone is 255-265°C, the second zone is 285-295°C, the third zone is 288-298°C, and the fourth zone is 288-298°C. The melting of the functional masterbatch chips also includes: passing them sequentially through four temperature zones: the first zone is 235-245°C, the second zone is 255-265°C, the third zone is 255-265°C, and the fourth zone is 255-265°C. The spinning box temperature is 288-295°C.
[0049] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first polyester fiber polymer, the second polyester fiber polymer, and the functional masterbatch are preferably melted and extruded using a screw extruder to obtain a first melt, a second melt, and a functional melt. These are then precisely metered by a metering pump and fed into a three-component composite spinning assembly for composite spinning to obtain composite functional elastic nascent fibers. Composite spinning preferably includes the following steps: sequentially spinning, cooling, oiling, drawing, and winding the molten polyester fiber polymer to obtain wound yarn suitable for weaving.
[0050] The functional elastic fiber obtained by the preparation method described above is composed of two polyester fiber-forming polymers with different heat shrinkage properties: a first polyester fiber-forming polymer, a second polyester fiber-forming polymer, and a polyester functional masterbatch. The side-by-side cross-section state retention rate is ≥95%, and the viscosity difference between the first and second polyester fiber-forming polymers is greater than 0.3 dl / g. The side-by-side cross-section state retention rate is calculated as the ratio of the theoretical length of the side-by-side boundary line to the actual length of the cross-section boundary line. If the side-by-side cross-section deforms, the boundary line length will be greater than the theoretical boundary line length.
[0051] The first melt, the second melt, and the functional melt are referred to as melt A, melt B, and melt C, respectively. In practical applications, the three melts, in a mass ratio of 28-51% : 51-28% : 15-30%, enter the spinning assembly through their respective melt channels via the feed plate of the composite spinning assembly. The first and second melts, after entering the distribution plate 5, enter the first groove 9 and the second groove 10 from the first melt channel 11 and the second melt channel 12 on the discharge surface, respectively, and then enter the spinneret guide hole 71 through the gap between the boss 8 and the spinneret 6. The functional melt enters the spinneret guide hole 71 through the melt through-hole on the boss 8, completing the composite of the three melts. The composite melt is then pressurized through the spinneret cone hole 72 and ejected from the spinneret micro-hole 73 to obtain composite functional nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are then sequentially cooled by air blowing, drawn, and oiled. After tension adjustment by a pair of guide discs, they are wound to obtain functional composite fibers with permanent elasticity. The fiber properties are: breaking strength 2.5-3.0 cN / dtex, breaking elongation 15-35%, crimp 20-35%, crimp recovery 30%, and crimp elasticity 80-95%.
[0052] Example 1: A boss 8 with a diameter of 5mm is used. Two holes with a diameter of 0.8mm are opened on the boss 8. The center of the holes is located on the circumference of the spinneret guide hole 71 at 84% of the diameter, and the holes are opened symmetrically at the center. The gap between the boss plane and the spinneret plane is 0.015mm.
[0053] The first melt uses PTT chips with a melting point of 225℃ and a viscosity of 1.05 dl / g. The second melt uses conventional PET chips with a melting point of 261℃ and a viscosity of 0.64 dl / g. The third functional melt C uses polyester conductive masterbatch with a viscosity of 0.58 dl / g.
[0054] PTT chips were dried at 130℃ for 10 hours, with a moisture content of <30ppm; conventional PET was pre-crystallized at 172℃ and dried at 168℃ for 12 hours, with a moisture content of <28ppm. Polyester conductive masterbatch chips were vacuum drum dried at 135℃ for 10 hours, with a moisture content of <40ppm. PTT chips are melt-extruded using a screw extruder at the following temperatures: Zone 1: 238±1℃, Zone 2: 258±1℃, Zone 3: 260±1℃, Zone 4: 260±1℃, to obtain molten PTT. Conventional PET is melt-extruded using a screw extruder at the following temperatures: Zone 1: 262±1℃, Zone 2: 290±1℃, Zone 3: 290±1℃, Zone 4: 290±1℃, to obtain molten PET. Polyester conductive masterbatch has the following melting temperatures: Zone 1: 230±1℃, Zone 2: 255±1℃, Zone 3: 260±1℃, Zone 4: 260±1℃; the box temperature is 289±1℃. Three melts, A, B, and C, are precisely metered into the respective melt channels of the composite spinneret assembly at a mass ratio of 40:40:20 using a metering pump. Finally, the three components are composited in the composite structure between the distribution plate and the spinneret guide holes. After pressurization through the spinneret cone orifice and extrusion through the micro-orifice, the nascent fiber is obtained. The nascent fiber is then sequentially subjected to air cooling, oiling, drawing, and winding to obtain an externally conductive composite elastic fiber with functional components partially extending to the fiber surface. Specific process details are shown in the appendix. Figure 5 As shown in the image.
[0055] The resulting composite conductive elastic fiber has a breaking strength of 2.75 cN / dtex, a breaking elongation of 18%, a crimp shrinkage rate of 24.5%, a crimp elastic stability rate of 78.5%, a high voltage resistance of 2.5 x 10⁶ Ω / cm, a bobbin surface resistance of 10⁵ Ω, and a parallel cross-section state retention rate of 95%.
[0056] Example 2: A boss 8 with a diameter of 5mm is used, and an opening with a diameter of 1.0mm is made on the boss 8. The center of the opening is located on the circumference of the spinneret guide hole 71, which is 40% of the diameter. It is a single hole.
[0057] The three raw materials used are modified PET chips, PET chips, and polyester conductive masterbatch. After drying, the raw materials are extruded by a screw extruder and precisely metered into the composite spinning assembly by a metering pump. The melting temperatures of the modified PET chips are: Zone 1: 258±1℃, Zone 2: 278±1℃, Zone 3: 282±1℃, and Zone 4: 282±1℃. The chamber temperature is 290±1℃. The three melts A, B, and C are fed into the spinneret of the composite spinneret in a mass ratio of 36:42:22 to obtain the nascent fibers. The nascent fibers are then sequentially cooled by air blowing, oiled, and drawn to obtain internally conductive composite elastic fibers.
[0058] The resulting internally conductive composite conductive elastic fiber has a breaking strength of 2.65 cN / dtex, a breaking elongation of 18%, a crimp shrinkage rate of 22%, and a crimp elasticity of 82%.
[0059] Example 3: A boss 8 with a diameter of 5mm is used. Two holes with a diameter of 0.8mm are opened on the boss 8. The center of the holes is located on the circumference of the spinneret guide hole 71 at 84% of the diameter, and the holes are opened symmetrically at the center. The gap between the boss plane and the spinneret plane is 0.015mm.
[0060] The first melt uses PTT chips containing 5% magnetic powder, with a melting point of 225℃ and a viscosity of 0.98 dl / g. The second melt uses conventional PET chips, with a melting point of 261℃ and a viscosity of 0.64 dl / g. The third functional melt C uses polyester conductive masterbatch with a viscosity of 0.58 dl / g.
[0061] After drying to meet spinning requirements, the three types of raw materials are melt-extruded separately using a screw extruder. Melts A, B, and C, in a mass ratio of 40:40:20, are precisely metered into the respective melt channels of the composite spinneret assembly using a metering pump. Finally, the three components are composited in the composite structure between the distribution plate and the spinneret guide holes. The resulting nascent fibers are pressurized through the spinneret cone orifice and extruded through the micro-orifices. These nascent fibers are then sequentially subjected to air cooling, oiling, drawing, and winding to obtain a magnetic-electric dual-functional composite elastic microwave absorbing fiber.
[0062] The resulting composite elastic absorbing fiber exhibits a breaking strength of 2.65 cN / dtex, a breaking elongation of 22%, a crimp shrinkage rate of 25%, a crimp elastic stability rate of 75%, and a side-by-side cross-sectional state retention rate of 95%. Using the aforementioned magneto-electric dual-functional composite elastic absorbing fiber, a plain weave fabric is fabricated using a machine weaving process, layered to a thickness of 3.5 mm, achieving an optimal reflection loss of -32.11 dB and a bandwidth of 13.35 GHz.
[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A spinning assembly for functional elastic fibers, characterized in that: The spinning assembly includes a spinneret (6) and a distribution plate. The spinneret (6) is provided with spinneret channels (7), and the distribution plate is provided with a boss (8) opposite to the spinneret channels (7). A first groove (9) and a second groove (10) are respectively provided on both sides of the boss (8). A first melt channel (11) and a second melt channel (12) are respectively provided in the first groove (9) and the second groove (10). The first melt channel (11) and the second melt channel (12) output a first melt and a second melt, respectively. The first melt and the second melt have different thermal shrinkage rates. There is a melt channel gap between the boss (8) and the spinneret channel (7), and there is a partition plate (14) in the melt channel gap. The partition plate (14) extends into the spinneret channel (7), and the first melt and the second melt flow into the spinneret channel (7) from both sides of the partition plate (14) in the melt channel gap. The boss (8) is provided with a functional melt channel hole (13), which outputs functional melt and is close to the separator (14); the flow of the first melt and the second melt toward the separator (14) restricts the functional melt between the first melt and the second melt.
2. The spinning assembly for a functional elastic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional melt channel (13) is opposite to the central region of the spinneret channel (7). After the functional melt flows into the spinneret channel (7), it is enveloped between the first melt and the second melt.
3. The spinning assembly for a functional elastic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional melt channel (13) is opposite to the edge region of the spinneret channel (7). After the functional melt flows into the spinneret channel (7), a portion of the functional melt extends outward to contact the inner wall of the spinneret channel (7).
4. The spinning assembly for a functional elastic fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The projection of the functional melt channel hole (13) toward the spinneret plate (6) partially falls outside the spinneret channel (7).
5. The spinning assembly for a functional elastic fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The projection space formed by the partition plate (14) projecting onto the first melt channel hole (11) or the second melt channel hole (12) is the first projection space; the projection space formed by the functional melt channel hole (13) projecting onto the spinneret (6) is the second projection space; the first projection space and the second projection space intersect each other.
6. The spinning assembly for a functional elastic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first groove (9) and the second groove (10) are elliptical grooves symmetrically arranged on both sides of the separator (14); towards the direction closer to the separator (14), the first groove (9) and the second groove (10) gradually close to the boss (8), and the first groove (9) and the second groove (10) are connected at the closing point.
7. The spinning assembly for a functional elastic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spinneret channel (7) is formed by sequentially connecting the spinneret guide hole (71), the spinneret cone hole (72) and the spinneret micro-hole (73), and the separator (14) is inserted into the spinneret guide hole (71).
8. A functional elastic fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The functional elastic fiber is made by the spinning assembly, and the functional elastic fiber contains functional components inside, with the functional components extending locally to the surface of the functional elastic fiber.
9. A functional fabric made of functional elastic fiber according to claim 8, characterized in that: The functional fabric contains the functional elastic fibers.
10. The method for preparing a functional elastic fiber according to claim 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: The first polyester fiber-forming polymer, the second polyester fiber-forming polymer, and the polyester functional masterbatch are melted separately to obtain the first melt, the second melt, and the functional melt; S2: The first melt, the second melt, and the functional melt are introduced into the spinning assembly, the first melt flows out from the first melt channel (11), the second melt flows out from the second melt channel (12), and the functional melt flows out from the functional melt channel (13); the three melts enter the spinneret (7) for compounding, and then are ejected from the spinneret (7) to obtain composite functional nascent fiber; S3: The nascent fibers are sequentially cooled by blowing, stretched, oiled, and wound after tension adjustment by the guide disc to obtain functional composite fibers with permanent elasticity.