Efficient intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physical field cooperative control

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of liquid-cooled battery energy storage technology and discloses a high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physics field collaborative control. The system includes: a liquid-cooled battery pack, a high-voltage box, a multi-physics field collaborative controller, a liquid-cooled unit, a power conversion system (PCS), and an energy management platform (EMS). The high-voltage box integrates an AC / DC dual power supply module and a high-current active balancing module. The multi-physics field collaborative controller serves as the central controller of the system, communicating with the battery management system (BMS), the liquid-cooled unit, the in-cabin dehumidifier, the PCS, and the high-voltage box. It receives and processes real-time data from each subsystem and executes thermal-humidity collaborative strategies, thermal-electrical collaborative strategies, and power-system collaborative strategies. This invention, through the thermal-humidity collaborative strategy executed by the multi-physics field collaborative controller, fundamentally eliminates condensation on the surface of the liquid-cooled plate, removes the root cause of insulation failure, and enhances the system's active safety protection capabilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid-cooled battery energy storage technology, specifically to a high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physics field collaborative control. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of carbon neutrality goals, battery energy storage systems are being used more and more widely in scenarios such as grid peak shaving, new energy grid connection, and user-side energy storage. Outdoor cabinet-type energy storage systems are gradually becoming the market mainstream due to their advantages such as flexible deployment and high integration.

[0003] A search revealed Chinese patent CN120413837A, which discloses a method for equalization control of energy storage battery packs, belonging to the field of energy storage battery packs. The method includes the following steps: S1, constructing a multi-physics-aging coupling model; S2, based on the multi-physics-aging coupling model, achieving spatiotemporal-frequency domain joint state estimation and imbalance pattern recognition; S3, based on the spatiotemporal-frequency domain joint state estimation and imbalance pattern recognition results, formulating the optimal equalization topology and control parameters; S4, establishing an electro-thermal-fluid multi-physics coupling control model, and optimizing the equalization current regulation, liquid cooling flow rate, and cooling fan speed based on the optimal equalization topology and control parameters; S5, digital twin-driven full lifecycle optimization. This invention achieves efficient collaboration between dynamic modeling, accurate state estimation, intelligent equalization decision-making, and full lifecycle management of energy storage battery packs, significantly improving equalization efficiency and system reliability.

[0004] The applicant discovered during the implementation of existing technologies that traditional air-cooled systems have low heat dissipation efficiency and poor temperature uniformity, making it difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-power-density batteries. This can easily lead to localized overheating of the battery, accelerating lifespan degradation and triggering the risk of thermal runaway. While existing liquid-cooled systems improve heat dissipation performance to some extent, their cooling strategies are often singular and rigid, failing to coordinate with environmental factors such as humidity within the battery compartment. This can easily lead to insulation failures due to condensation. In addition, battery management systems often employ passive balancing or low-current active balancing technologies, with balancing current typically below 2A. This results in low balancing efficiency and slow speed, making it difficult to address the inconsistencies between individual cells in large-capacity battery clusters. Based on these findings, this invention designs a high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physics field collaborative control to solve the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physics field collaborative control, which solves the problem of poor heat dissipation and inconsistency between individual cells in the background technology.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physics field collaborative control, comprising: a liquid-cooled battery pack, a high-voltage box, a multi-physics field collaborative controller, a liquid-cooled unit, a power conversion system (PCS), and an energy management platform (EMS).

[0007] The high-voltage box integrates an AC / DC dual power supply module and a high-current active balancing module.

[0008] The multi-physics field co-controller serves as the central controller of the system. It is communicatively connected to the battery management system (BMS), liquid cooling unit, in-cabin dehumidifier, PCS, and high-voltage box. It is used to receive and process real-time data from each subsystem and execute thermal-humidity co-control strategy, thermal-electric co-control strategy, and power-system co-control strategy.

[0009] Preferably, the AC / DC dual power supply module is used to power the control system, and it includes an AC / DC conversion module and a DC / DC conversion module.

[0010] When the mains power is normal, the AC / DC conversion module supplies power to the control system.

[0011] In the event of a mains power failure, it seamlessly switches to power supply from the battery pack via a DC / DC conversion module within 0ms.

[0012] Preferably, the high-current active balancing module is integrated into the high-voltage box, and its balancing selection switch adopts an automotive-grade MOSFET with a rated balancing current of 20A and an operating temperature range of -55℃ to 175℃.

[0013] This module adopts a power bus-based architecture for bidirectional energy transfer between any individual cells in different modules of the battery cluster, without the need for external wiring.

[0014] Preferably, the thermal-humidity collaborative strategy executed by the multiphysics collaborative controller is as follows:

[0015] The system receives real-time battery temperature requirements and real-time dew point temperature calculated from the cabin humidity, dynamically sets and controls the outlet water temperature of the liquid cooling unit, and ensures that the surface temperature of the liquid cooling plate is always higher than the dew point temperature to reduce condensation.

[0016] Preferably, the thermo-electric synergistic strategy executed by the multi-physics co-controller is as follows:

[0017] Heat generation is predicted based on the real-time charging and discharging power of the PCS, and the cooling power and water pump flow of the liquid chiller are dynamically adjusted to achieve precise temperature control and energy saving.

[0018] Preferably, the power-system coordination strategy executed by the multi-physics co-controller is as follows:

[0019] When the controller receives a signal that the high-voltage box has switched to being powered by the DC / DC conversion module, it immediately enters a low-power safety mode. In this mode, it intelligently adjusts the operating priority of the PCS power, the liquid chiller and the dehumidifier, including reducing the PCS power to zero and switching the liquid chiller to the lowest power consumption maintenance mode to extend the backup power supply's runtime.

[0020] Preferably, the liquid-cooled battery pack includes:

[0021] The liquid cooling plate adopts a parallel flow channel design of "one inlet, multiple outlets, and one return flow" with one liquid inlet, multiple internal parallel heat exchange channels, and one liquid outlet to ensure uniform temperature of each cell contact surface.

[0022] The integrated communication terminal integrates multiple signal lines for BMS data acquisition, temperature sensing, and equalization commands into a single aviation connector.

[0023] Built-in fire suppression system includes aerosol fire extinguishers and multiple thermal wires distributed at key temperature measurement points on the upper part of the battery pack for very early, multi-node fire detection and suppression.

[0024] Preferably, the core components of the system are configured and integrated as follows: five liquid-cooled battery packs with a rated energy of 52kWh are connected in series to form a cluster, with a total system energy of 261.248kWh, and placed in an outdoor cabinet with an IP65 protection rating; the cabinet also integrates a liquid-cooled unit with a cooling capacity of 5kW and a PCS converter with a power rating of 125kW; the energy management platform EMS is a self-developed platform that performs real-time data monitoring, historical data analysis, and fault early warning for the system, and executes advanced application strategies such as peak shaving and valley filling and photovoltaic-storage linkage.

[0025] Preferably, in the heat-humidity synergistic strategy, the real-time dew point temperature T_dp is calculated using the following formula and used to control the outlet water temperature of the liquid chiller unit:

[0026] ;

[0027] in, ;

[0028] T is the ambient temperature, RH is the relative humidity, and a and b are constants with values ​​of 17.625 and 243.04℃, respectively.

[0029] The multiphysics collaborative controller dynamically sets the outlet water temperature T_out of the liquid chiller to satisfy:

[0030] ;

[0031] Where ΔT is the safety margin.

[0032] Preferably, the activation threshold of the high-current active balancing module is when the voltage difference between any two individual cells in the battery cluster reaches 50mV; when the BMS detects that the voltage difference exceeds this threshold, it automatically activates the balancing module to actively transfer energy with a current of 20A.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0034] 1. This invention, through a heat-humidity coordinated strategy executed by a multi-physics field coordinated controller, fundamentally eliminates condensation on the surface of the liquid cooling plate, removes the root cause of insulation failure, and enhances the system's active safety protection capabilities; the AC / DC dual power seamless switching scheme integrated in the high-voltage box improves power supply reliability, switching speed, and system lifespan compared to traditional UPS, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the control system under any operating conditions.

[0035] 2. This invention addresses the problem that existing liquid cooling systems have a single cooling strategy and are prone to condensation leading to insulation failures. By employing a heat-humidity synergy strategy, it monitors the ambient temperature and humidity in real time and calculates the dew point temperature, dynamically controlling the outlet water temperature of the liquid cooler unit. This ensures that the surface temperature of the liquid cooling plate is always higher than the dew point temperature, preventing condensation and improving the insulation safety and operational reliability of the system.

[0036] 3. The invention employs a thermal-electric synergistic strategy executed by a multi-physics field collaborative controller, which can dynamically adjust the cooling system based on real-time power prediction, significantly reducing the energy consumption of the thermal management process and achieving precise temperature control and energy saving. The 20A high-current active balancing technology integrated in the high-voltage box can eliminate inconsistencies between individual cells within the battery cluster. The integrated communication terminal used in the liquid-cooled battery pack combines multiple signal lines into one, improving the efficiency and reliability of installation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the overall system architecture of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the strategy execution of the multiphysics collaborative controller of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the liquid-cooled battery pack of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the high-current active balancing module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1;

[0043] Please see Figures 1-4 In this embodiment of the invention, a high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physics field collaborative control includes: a liquid-cooled battery pack, a high-voltage box, a multi-physics field collaborative controller, a liquid-cooled unit, a power conversion system (PCS), and an energy management platform (EMS).

[0044] The high-voltage box integrates an AC / DC dual power supply module and a high-current active balancing module.

[0045] The multiphysics co-controller serves as the central controller of the system. It communicates with the battery management system (BMS), liquid cooling unit, in-cabin dehumidifier, PCS, and high-voltage box to receive and process real-time data from each subsystem and execute thermal-humidity co-control strategy, thermal-electric co-control strategy, and power-system co-control strategy.

[0046] The AC / DC dual power supply module is used to power the control system, and it includes an AC / DC conversion module and a DC / DC conversion module.

[0047] When the mains power is normal, the AC / DC conversion module supplies power to the control system.

[0048] In the event of a mains power failure, it seamlessly switches to power supply from the battery pack via a DC / DC conversion module within 0ms.

[0049] The high-current active balancing module is integrated into the high-voltage box. Its balancing selection switch uses an automotive-grade MOSFET, with a rated balancing current of 20A and an operating temperature range of -55℃ to 175℃.

[0050] This module adopts a power bus-based architecture for bidirectional energy transfer between any individual cells in different modules of the battery cluster, without the need for external wiring.

[0051] The thermal-humidity cooperative strategy executed by the multiphysics cooperative controller is as follows:

[0052] It receives real-time battery temperature requirements and real-time dew point temperature calculated from the cabin humidity, dynamically sets and controls the outlet water temperature of the liquid cooler unit, and ensures that the surface temperature of the liquid cooling plate is always higher than the dew point temperature to reduce condensation.

[0053] The thermal-electrical coordination strategy executed by the multiphysics co-controller is as follows:

[0054] Heat generation is predicted based on the real-time charging and discharging power of the PCS, and the cooling power and water pump flow of the liquid chiller are dynamically adjusted to achieve precise temperature control and energy saving.

[0055] The power-system coordination strategy executed by the multiphysics co-controller is as follows:

[0056] When the controller receives a signal that the high-voltage box has switched to being powered by the DC / DC conversion module, it immediately enters a low-power safety mode. In this mode, it intelligently adjusts the operating priority of the PCS power, the liquid chiller and the dehumidifier, including reducing the PCS power to zero and switching the liquid chiller to the lowest power consumption maintenance mode to extend the backup power supply's runtime.

[0057] The liquid-cooled battery pack includes:

[0058] The liquid cooling plate adopts a parallel flow channel design of "one inlet, multiple outlets, and one return flow" with one liquid inlet, multiple internal parallel heat exchange channels, and one liquid outlet to ensure uniform temperature of each cell contact surface.

[0059] The integrated communication terminal combines multiple signal lines for BMS data acquisition, temperature sensing, and equalization commands into a single aviation connector.

[0060] Built-in fire suppression system includes aerosol fire extinguishers and multiple thermal wires distributed at key temperature measurement points on the upper part of the battery pack for very early, multi-node fire detection and suppression.

[0061] The working principle of this invention is as follows: This invention uses a multi-physics field collaborative controller as a central processing unit to collect and integrate multi-dimensional data from subsystems such as the battery management system, liquid cooling unit, in-cabin dehumidifier, power conversion system and high-voltage box in real time, and executes three major collaborative control strategies.

[0062] Under the combined heat and humidity strategy, the controller monitors the ambient temperature and relative humidity inside the cabin in real time, and accurately calculates the current dew point temperature based on the built-in dew point temperature calculation formula. Then, using this dew point temperature as a benchmark, the controller dynamically sets and controls the outlet water temperature of the liquid cooling unit, ensuring that the temperature of the coolant flowing through the liquid cooling plate is always higher than the dew point temperature by a safe margin. This control logic fundamentally eliminates the risk of condensation on the surface of the liquid cooling plate, removes the potential for short circuit faults due to insulation degradation, and still meets the heat dissipation requirements of the battery pack.

[0063] Under the thermo-electric synergistic strategy, the controller receives real-time charge and discharge power signals from the PCS. Since the heat generation of the battery is positively correlated with the charge and discharge power, the controller can predict the future temperature rise trend of the battery based on this signal. Based on this prediction, the controller dynamically issues commands to the liquid cooling unit to precisely adjust its cooling power and water pump flow. When the system is discharging at high power, the cooling capacity is enhanced in advance; while in low power or standby mode, the cooling output is automatically reduced, achieving precise temperature control and saving the system's own energy consumption.

[0064] Under the power-system collaborative strategy, when the mains power is normal, the control system is powered by the AC / DC module in the high-voltage box. If the mains power fails, the AC / DC dual power module in the high-voltage box can seamlessly switch to power supply from the energy storage battery pack itself via the DC / DC module within 0 milliseconds. Simultaneously, the multi-physics collaborative controller immediately receives the power switching signal and enters the preset low-power safety mode. In this mode, the controller intelligently adjusts the power consumption priority of each subsystem: immediately reducing the PCS power to zero to stop energy conversion, switching the liquid cooling unit to the lowest power consumption mode that only maintains the most basic cycle, and controlling the dehumidifier to operate intermittently. The system's own power consumption after a grid outage is reduced to an extremely low level, allowing the backup power supply to continuously power the core monitoring unit for days or even weeks, far exceeding traditional UPS systems, ensuring the system's safety under extreme conditions.

[0065] The system also manages battery consistency through a high-current active balancing module (rated current 20A) integrated within the high-voltage box. When the BMS detects that the voltage difference between any two individual cells within the cluster reaches a threshold of 50mV, the module is automatically activated. Its power bus-based architecture allows for efficient, bidirectional energy transfer between any individual cells in different modules or battery packs within the cluster, quickly eliminating inconsistencies.

[0066] Example 2;

[0067] Please see Figures 1-4 In this embodiment of the invention, the core components of the system are configured and integrated as follows: five liquid-cooled battery packs with a rated energy of 52kWh are connected in series to form a cluster, with a total system energy of 261.248kWh, and placed in an outdoor cabinet with an IP65 protection rating; the cabinet also integrates a liquid-cooled unit with a cooling capacity of 5kW and a PCS converter with a power rating of 125kW; the energy management platform EMS is a self-developed platform that performs real-time data monitoring, historical data analysis, and fault early warning for the system, and executes advanced application strategies such as peak shaving and valley filling and photovoltaic-storage linkage.

[0068] In the heat-humidity synergy strategy, the real-time dew point temperature T_dp is calculated using the following formula and used to control the outlet water temperature of the liquid chiller unit:

[0069] ;

[0070] in, ;

[0071] T is the ambient temperature, RH is the relative humidity, and a and b are constants with values ​​of 17.625 and 243.04℃, respectively.

[0072] The multiphysics co-controller dynamically sets the outlet water temperature T_out of the liquid chiller to satisfy:

[0073] ;

[0074] Where ΔT is the safety margin.

[0075] The activation threshold of the high-current active balancing module is when the voltage difference between any two individual cells in the battery cluster reaches 50mV; when the BMS detects that the voltage difference exceeds this threshold, it automatically activates the balancing module to actively transfer energy with a current of 20A.

[0076] The working principle of this invention embodiment is as follows: the system consists of five liquid-cooled battery packs with a rated energy of 52kWh connected in series, forming a cluster with a total energy of 261.248kWh, and is integrated into an outdoor cabinet with an IP65 protection rating. The core components working together inside the cabinet include a liquid-cooled unit with a cooling capacity of 5kW and a PCS with a power rating of 125kW.

[0077] The controller continuously collects ambient temperature data and calculates the dew point temperature in real time. After obtaining the real-time T_dp, the controller's output command can dynamically set the outlet water temperature T_out of the liquid chiller unit, and strictly control it to meet the following condition: T_out ≥ T_dp + ΔT. Here, ΔT is a safety margin, which can be set within the range of 1-3℃ according to the system's control accuracy requirements.

[0078] The high-current active balancing module maintains the consistency of the battery clusters with an action threshold of 50mV. Its high balancing current of up to 20A ensures rapid and efficient energy transfer, enabling the entire system to maintain high capacity utilization throughout long-term operation. All system operating data, including but not limited to the balancing process, liquid temperature profile, cabin humidity, and fire status, are uploaded to the self-developed EMS energy management platform via the communication network for real-time monitoring and historical analysis. This platform executes advanced application strategies such as peak shaving and valley filling, and photovoltaic-storage linkage, and also features fault early warning capabilities.

[0079] Example 3;

[0080] Please see Figures 1-4A specific embodiment is provided, in which the system consists of a battery cluster composed of five liquid-cooled battery packs with a rated energy of 52kWh each, connected in series, for a total energy of 261.248kWh, installed in an outdoor cabinet with an IP65 protection rating. Supporting equipment includes a PCS converter with a rated power of 125kW, a liquid-cooled unit with a cooling capacity of 5kW, and a high-voltage box integrating an AC / DC dual power supply module and a 20A high-current active balancing module.

[0081] During normal operation, the PCS discharges at 100kW. Based on this power signal, the multiphysics co-controller predicts an increase in battery heat generation and proactively instructs the liquid cooler to lower the outlet water temperature from 25°C to 18°C, while simultaneously increasing the water pump flow rate from 60% to 85% of the rated value. During this period, the BMS detects a voltage difference of 50mV between individual cells numbered B03 and B07 in the battery cluster and immediately activates the active balancing module, using a 20A current to eliminate the voltage difference to within 5mV within 15 minutes.

[0082] When the environmental conditions change to a temperature of 30℃ and humidity of 85%, the controller calculates the dew point temperature to be 27.2℃. Based on the heat-humidity synergy strategy, the controller sets the outlet water temperature of the liquid cooler unit to 28.5℃ and maintains this temperature until the environmental conditions improve. During this period, the maximum battery temperature remains stable below 38℃.

[0083] In simulated grid fault testing, after a mains power outage, the high-voltage box switched to DC / DC power supply mode within 0ms. The controller then entered a low-power safety mode and performed the following operations: reducing the PCS power to 0kW, switching the liquid chiller to a sustain mode with a power consumption of only 150W, and changing the dehumidifier to a mode that runs for 5 minutes every 30 minutes. In this mode, the system standby power consumption dropped to less than 300W, allowing for continuous operation for more than 3 weeks.

[0084] During system operation, the EMS platform collects 28 operating parameters, including voltage, temperature, and humidity, every 5 seconds and generates a system health assessment report every 10 minutes. When any battery temperature exceeds 45°C or the humidity inside the cabin remains above 90% for 2 consecutive hours, the platform automatically issues a level-two warning and recommends adjusting the operating strategy.

[0085] Operating Principle: Under the thermal-humidity synergy strategy, the controller monitors the ambient temperature and relative humidity inside the chamber in real time and accurately calculates the current dew point temperature based on the built-in dew point temperature calculation formula. Then, using this dew point temperature as a benchmark, the controller dynamically sets and controls the outlet water temperature of the liquid cooling unit, ensuring that the temperature of the coolant flowing through the liquid cooling plate is always higher than the dew point temperature by a safe margin. Under the thermal-electric synergy strategy, the controller receives real-time charging and discharging power signals from the PCS. Since the heat generation of the battery is positively correlated with the charging and discharging power, the controller can predict the future temperature rise trend of the battery based on this signal. Under the power-system synergy strategy, when the mains power is normal, the control system is powered by the AC / DC module in the high-voltage box. Once the mains power is abnormal, the AC / DC dual power module in the high-voltage box can seamlessly switch to being powered by the energy storage battery pack itself through the DC / DC module within 0 milliseconds. At the same time, the multi-physics synergy controller immediately receives the power switching signal and synchronously enters the preset low-power safety mode. In this mode, the controller intelligently adjusts the power consumption priority of each subsystem: immediately reducing the PCS power to zero to stop energy conversion, switching the liquid chiller to the lowest power consumption mode that only maintains the most basic cycle, and controlling the dehumidifier to run intermittently.

[0086] The system consists of five liquid-cooled battery packs connected in series, each with a rated energy of 52kWh, for a total energy of 261.248kWh, integrated into an outdoor cabinet with an IP65 protection rating. The core components working together within the cabinet include a liquid-cooled chiller with a cooling capacity of 5kW and a PCS with a power rating of 125kW.

[0087] The controller continuously collects ambient temperature data and calculates the dew point temperature in real time. After obtaining the real-time T_dp, the controller's output command can dynamically set the outlet water temperature T_out of the liquid chiller unit, and strictly control it to meet the following condition: T_out ≥ T_dp + ΔT. Here, ΔT is a safety margin, which can be set within the range of 1-3℃ according to the system's control accuracy requirements.

[0088] The high-current active balancing module operates with a 50mV threshold, continuously maintaining the consistency of the battery clusters. Its high balancing current of up to 20A ensures rapid and efficient energy transfer, enabling the entire system to maintain high capacity utilization throughout long-term operation.

[0089] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An efficient intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physical field collaborative control, characterized in that, include: Liquid-cooled battery pack, high-voltage box, multi-physics field co-controller, liquid-cooled unit, power conversion system (PCS), and energy management platform (EMS); The high-voltage box integrates an AC / DC dual power supply module and a high-current active balancing module. The multi-physics field co-controller serves as the central controller of the system. It is communicatively connected to the battery management system (BMS), liquid cooling unit, in-cabin dehumidifier, power conversion system (PCS), and high-voltage box. It is used to receive and process real-time data from each subsystem and execute thermal-humidity co-control strategy, thermal-electric co-control strategy, and power-system co-control strategy. The thermal-humidity collaborative strategy executed by the multiphysics field collaborative controller is as follows: The system receives real-time battery temperature requirements and real-time dew point temperature calculated from the cabin humidity, dynamically sets and controls the outlet water temperature of the liquid cooling unit, and ensures that the surface temperature of the liquid cooling plate is always higher than the dew point temperature in order to reduce the generation of condensate. The thermal-electric synergistic strategy executed by the multiphysics field cooperative controller is as follows: Heat generation is predicted based on the real-time charging and discharging power of the power conversion system PCS, and the cooling power and water pump flow of the liquid chiller are dynamically adjusted to achieve precise temperature control and energy saving. The power-system coordination strategy executed by the multiphysics cooperative controller is as follows: When the controller receives a signal that the high-voltage box has switched to being powered by the DC / DC conversion module, it immediately enters a low-power safety mode. In this mode, it intelligently adjusts the power of the power conversion system PCS, the operating priority of the liquid chiller and the dehumidifier, including reducing the power of the power conversion system PCS to zero and switching the liquid chiller to the lowest power consumption maintenance mode to extend the backup power supply's runtime. 2.The high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physical field collaborative control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The AC / DC dual power supply module is used to power the control system, and it includes an AC / DC conversion module and a DC / DC conversion module. When the mains power is normal, the AC / DC conversion module supplies power to the control system; In the event of a mains power failure, it seamlessly switches to power supply from the battery pack via a DC / DC conversion module within 0ms. 3.The high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physical field collaborative control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-current active balancing module is integrated in the high-voltage box. Its balancing selection switch uses an automotive-grade MOSFET, with a rated balancing current of 20A and an operating temperature range of -55℃ to 175℃. This module adopts a power bus-based architecture for bidirectional energy transfer between any individual cells in different modules of the battery cluster, without the need for external wiring. 4.The high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physical field collaborative control of claim 1, wherein, The liquid-cooled battery pack includes: The liquid cooling plate adopts a parallel flow channel design of "one inlet, multiple outlets, and one return flow" with one liquid inlet, multiple internal parallel heat exchange channels, and one liquid outlet to ensure uniform temperature of each cell contact surface. The integrated communication terminal combines multiple signal lines for BMS data acquisition, temperature sensing, and equalization commands into a single aviation connector. Built-in fire suppression system includes aerosol fire extinguishers and multiple thermal wires distributed at key temperature measurement points on the upper part of the battery pack for very early, multi-node fire detection and suppression. 5.The high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physical field collaborative control of claim 1, wherein, The core components of the system are configured and integrated as follows: five liquid-cooled battery packs with a rated energy of 52kWh are connected in series to form a cluster, with a total system energy of 261.248kWh, which are placed in an outdoor cabinet with an IP65 protection rating; the cabinet also integrates a liquid-cooled unit with a cooling capacity of 5kW and a power conversion system PCS converter with a power rating of 125kW; the energy management platform EMS is a self-developed platform that performs real-time data monitoring, historical data analysis, and fault early warning for the system, and executes advanced application strategies such as peak shaving and valley filling and photovoltaic-storage linkage. 6.The high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physical field collaborative control of claim 1, wherein, In the aforementioned heat-humidity synergistic strategy, the real-time dew point temperature T_dp is calculated using the following formula and used to control the outlet water temperature of the liquid chiller unit: ； wherein ; T is the ambient temperature, RH is the relative humidity, and a and b are constants with values ​​of 17.625 and 243.04℃, respectively. The multiphysics collaborative controller dynamically sets the outlet water temperature T_out of the liquid chiller to satisfy: ； Where ΔT is the safety margin.

7. The high-efficiency intelligent liquid-cooled battery energy storage system based on multi-physics field cooperative control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activation threshold of the high-current active balancing module is when the voltage difference between any two individual cells in the battery cluster reaches 50mV; when the BMS detects that the voltage difference exceeds this threshold, it automatically activates the balancing module to actively transfer energy with a current of 20A.

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